VI_5 Quan Ly Dat Ngap Nuoc

8/8/2019 VI_5 Quan Ly Dat Ngap Nuoc

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Qun L t Ng p N c******

D AN KIEM SOAT BAO TON TAI KHU BAO TON THIEN NH

TNH HNH QUAN LY BAO VE AT NGAP NC VN Q..................................................................................................................................

KET QUA BC AU QUAN LY VA BAO VE AT NGAP PHC, TIEN GIANG ......................................................................................

AC IEM T NHIEN VA TNH A DANG SINH HOC VUNG ALANG SEN THUOC ONG THAP MI, TNH LONG AN...............

IEU TRA VA KHAO SAT VE ANH HNG CUA MUOI OKHU BAO TON TRAM CHIM VA LANG SEN........................................

ANH GA TNH HNH SC KHOE CUA CONG ONG TRONG VU

PHAT TRIEN HE THONG HO TR QUAN LY DA TREN S THAI AT NGAP NC VUNG NHIET I ...................................

KET QUA QUAN LY BAO VE AT NGAP NC LUNG NGOTH ..........................................................................................................................

NHNG THACH THC VA C HOI CUA VIEC QUAN LY NGUKHU BAO TON THIEN NHIEN U MINH THNG................................TONG QUAN VE CAC HE SINH THAI AT NGAP NC T NSONG CU LONG.............................................................................................

ONG BANG SONG CU LONG VA CAC D AN LIEN QUAN NGAP NC......................................................................................................

VIEC BAO TON VA QUAN LY NHNG VUNG AT NGAP NNHNG KINH NGHIEM VA TRIEN VONG T IUCN.........................


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D AN KIEM SOAT BAO TONTAI KHU BAO TON THIEN NHIEN XUA

V Th Minh Ph ngCh ng trnh BirdLife Quc t ti Vit Nam

Gii ThiuBirdLife Quc t l mt hip hi ton cu bao gm cc T chc Phi Chnh ph hot

ng trong lnh vc bo tn hn 100 quc gia cng nhau n lc bo tn cc loi chimtrn tri t v sinh cnh ca chng, v qua , cng n lc hot ng v tnh a dng sinhhc v vic s dng bn vng cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin.

BirdLife Quc t bt u hot ng ti Vit Nam t nm 1988, v n nm 1997 l mt trong mt s t cc NGO c cp giy php m vn phng i din ti VitNam. Ch ng trnh BirdLife Quc t ti Vit Nam l mt t chc phi li nhun.

Trong lnh vc bo tn t ngp n c, nm 1999 - 2000, Ch ng trnh BirdLifeQuc t ti Vit Nam thc hin mt d n do i s qun V ng quc H Lan ti tr nhm xc nh cc cng t ngp n c quan trng ti ng bng sng Cu Long v xut chin l c cho vic qun l chng. Tr c , nm 1996, BirdLife cng thc hinmt d n t ng t do DANIDA ti tr nhm xc nh cc cng t ngp n c quan trngti ng bng Bc B v a ra cc xut cho cng tc qun l. Trong d n ny, KhuBo tn Thin nhin Xun Thy c xc nh l ni cn u tin cao nht cho cng tcbo tn.

Thng tin chung v Xun ThyKhu Bo tn Thin nhin Xun Thy nm huyn Giao Thy (20o17'B -

106o23'), tnh Nam nh trong vng ng bng Bc B. Khu bo tn nm trong vng nhit i gi ma v kh hu c s khc nhau theo ma th hin r rt trong nhit vl ng m a. Trong khong gia thng By v thng Tm hng nm, vng ny th ng b nhh ng ca bo v lc nhit i. Thng Tm nm 1988, Chnh ph Vit Nam chnh thc c 12.000 ha ca vng ny tr thnh khu Ramsar u tin ca c n c theo Cng c vt ngp n c (Cng c Ramsar). Thng Mt nm 1995, 5.640 ha ca vng ny cquyt nh thnh lp khu bo tn thin nhin. Vng c ranh gii pha Bc l ca Ba Lt(mt ca chnh ca sng Hng) v pha Ty l sng Vp. Ranh gii pha Nam v phang ca khu bo tn khng tht s r rng do y l cc vng bi ngp triu. Khu botn thin nhin bao gm hai cn ln l cn Ngn v cn Lu, v mt vi cn ct nh hn.

Khu Bo tn Thin nhin Xun Thy c a dng sinh hc cc loi chim rt cao.Nhiu loi chim n c n tr ng vng, v rt nhiu loi chim ven bin s dng vngny l im dng chn trong cc chuyn di c ma xun v ma thu. C 9 loi ang hocsp b e da tuyt chng trn ton cu c c tr u n ti y l: C tha mt en

Platalea minor (Nguy cp - EN), C trng Trung QucEgretta eulophotes (EN), Chot lnm vng Tringa guttifer (EN), Mng b m ngnLarus saundersi (EN), Chng b chnxm Pelecanus philippensis (Sp Nguy cp -VU), R m thaCalidris pygmeus (VU),Giang sen Mycteria leucocephala (Gn b e da - NT), Chot chn mng ln

Limnodromus semipalmatus (NT) v Te vngVanellus cinereus (NT). y l ni ghi nhn


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s c mt ca khong 26% tng s qun th ton cu ca loi C tha mt en (vo thiim cao nht) v 2% c tnh tng s qun th ton cu ca loi Mng b m ngn.

Cc kiu sinh cnh i din ti Khu Bo tn Thin nhin Xun Thy hin ang c qun l theo nhng ph ng php c th e da lm suy gim cc gi tr i vi botn a dng sinh hc. Khu bo tn c khong 800 ha din tch rng ngp mn ( u th ltrang Kandelia candel) phn ln phn b ln trong cc ao nui trng thy sn. Ti cc aom , vic nui trng thy sn c tin hnh theo cc ph ng php truyn thng nuihn canh c cua, tm v c. Tuy nhin, vic canh tc ny ang tr nn thm canh qua mcdn n lm ngn chn s ti pht trin ca thm thc vt. Hn na, cc o ct nm trongkhu bo tn, ni c thm thc vt cn ct v thc vt vng n c mn ang c trng rngbng phi lao Casuarina equisetifolia , mt loi cy c ngun gc ngoi lai, iu ny cngs lm suy gim din tch ca cc sinh cnh t nhin. Do kt qu ca s lng ng trmtch, b bin ca khu bo tn ang bi ln dn ra bin, hng lot cc o v bi bi ang c hnh thnh pha Nam ca ca Ba Lt. Cc bi bn l sinh cnh l t ng cho vickim n ca cc loi nh C tha mt en, Chot m tha v mt vi loi chim b e datuyt chng trn ton cu khc. Tuy nhin, ti mt s vng bi bn, vic trng mi cc loicy ngp mn (ch yu l trang Kandelia candel ) ang din ra vi mc tiu ci to t vbo v b bin. iu ny s lm thay i bn cht ca cht nn v e da lm cho cc bibn khng cn ph hp vi cc loi chim ang quan trng. Hn na, vic nh bt thysn v khai thc nghu, s khng bn vng cc bi ngp triu u trc tip hay gin tipgy ra cc nh h ng c hi n cc loi ang b e da trn ton cu.

C tha mt en Platalea minor ti khu BTTN Xun ThyTrong khun kh ca bo co ny, chng ti xin ly C tha mt en Platalea

minor lm v d nh sinh vt ch th v nh h ng ca quy hoch pht trin i vi tnh adng sinh hc ca mt vng t ngp n c.

C tha mt en l loi ch phn b vng ng , chng sinh sn ti bn oTriu Tin v di c tr ng n Nht Bn, Trung Quc, Hng Kng, i Loan, Ma Cao

v ng bng Bc B Vit Nam. Ti Vit Nam, im tr ng quan trng nht ca chngl Khu Bo tn Thin nhin Xun Thy. C tha tng b suy gim nghim trng ti ttc cc vng sinh sn v tr ng v lit vo mc b e da "Ti nguy cp" (Critical) trnton cu. Tuy nhin, trong vi nm gn y, do hng lot cc n lc bo tn ca cng ngquc t, s l ng chng gia tng ng k v trong n phm mi xut bn ca BirdLife,Cc loi chim b e da Chu (BirdLife International, 2001) loi ny c axung phn hng Nguy cp (Endangered). Tht ng tic l s l ng c tha tr ng tiXun Thy ang gim trong khi ti cc vng tr ng chnh cc n c khc th s l ngu tng, iu ny cho thy cht l ng sinh cnh ph hp i vi c tha ti y ang suygim. Hn na, cc vng phn b khc ca C tha khc ti ng bng Bc B (NghaH ng, Thi Thy...) u khng c ghi nhn no trong cc t m hng nm ca 3 nmgn y. Vic mt cc bi bn trng do trng t cc rng trang Kandelia candel c l l

nguyn nhn chnh dn n s suy gim ny. Do cc vng rng ngp mn ang b ci tothnh cc ao nui trng thy sn khng c tiu n c theo ch ph hp vi c tha (vhng lot cc loi chim ph thuc vo cc vng t ngp n c nng khc), khng c nikim n thay th no c a ra vi cch qun l hin ti. Nhng im ngh chn ph hpvi c tha ngy cng b thu hp, trong khi vic bt cua cy v cc loi nhuyn th lun gyra s nhiu lon khp ni trong vng. S l ng ch nui qu ln ti y cng gp phn gynhiu lon ti cc ao thy sn.

Do , iu rt cn thit nht trong lc ny l phi xem xt li k hoch trng rngngp mn ti cc bi bn. Tin u t cho k hoch ny c th c c s dng mang


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TNH HNH QUAN LY BAO VE AT NGA VN QUOC GIA TRAM CHIM

Nguyen Van LuVn Quoc Gia Tram Chim

I. Gii ThieuVn Quoc gia Tram Chim nam ha lu song Mekong va Trun

Thap Mi thuoc huyen Tam Nong, giap 05 xa Phu Hiep, Phu c, PhTho, Tan Cong Snh va th tran Tram Chim tnh ong Thap. Vn QChim vao khoang 10037en 10045 o v bac; 105o28 en 105036 o kinh ong.Cach song Mekong 25 km ve pha tay; gan bien gii Viet Nam Campuch

Tong dien tch t nhien la: 7588 ha. Trong o: Phan khu bao ve nghiem ngat: 6.809ha. Phan khu phuc hoi sinh thai: 653 ha. Phan khu hanh chanh dch vu - du lch: 46ha.

Vn Quoc gia Tram Chim co he sinh thai at ngap nc iem hnhlu song Mekong va vung ong Nam A, mot he sinh thai giau tnh a dc Chnh phu cong nhan la Vn quoc gia theo quyet nh so 25329/12/1998.

II. Tai Nguyen Cua Vn Quoc Gia Tram Chim 2.1. Thc vat

Co hn 130 loai thc vat ban a vi 06 kieu quan xa thc vat ac Quan xa sen Quan xa lua ma Quan xa co ong Quan xa nan Quan xa mom moc Quan xa rng tram

2.2. ong vatCo 198 loai chim, thuoc 25 chi, 49 ho, trong o 88% c tm thay vaSo lng cac loai chim ay chiem tong so cac loai chim tm thaTrong so 198 loai chim co 16 loai qu hiem c ghi vao sach o the giloai seu au o va chim cong at (o tac) ang b e doa tuyet chuncau).


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- Ve moi trng song co: 42% loai s dung am lay nc ngot 10% s dung cac ong co 8% s dung rng ngap nc 2% s dung cac con kenh co cay bui, cay go

38 % con lai s dung tong hp cac moi trng song noi trenThuy san co hn 55 loai ca a c thong ke. Trong o:

12 loai ca nc tnh (thng goi la ca ong) Hn 40 loai ca a nc chay (thng goi la ca song).

Thuy sinh vat co: 185 loai thc vat noi 93 loai ong vat noi 90 loai ong vat ay.

2.3. Tai nguyen atCo 02 nhom at chnh.

Nhom at xam tren nen phu sa co. Nhom at phen: at phen tm tang va phen hoat ong.

III. Tnh Hnh Kinh Te - Xa Hoi Cua Cac Ho Dan CQuanh Vn Quoc Gia Tram Chim

Tong so dan thuoc 5 xa va th tran song xung quanh vung em labao gom 7950 ho. So vi so dan toan huyen Tam Nong la: 92.621 ngi,Trong o:

Ho ngheo, kho chiem 20%. Ho khong co viec lam hoac i song khong on nh chiem 1

T le gia tang dan so t nhien khoang 1,6% lam cho tnh trang nghtang do:

D tha lao ong. Thieu von san xuat. Ngi dan cang co t cong an viec lam. Nhan thc kem. Nguon tai nguyen thien nhien nh: nguon li thuy san b c

anh bat vo toi va), rng tram b on Trc ay, t nam 1999 tr ve trc, hang ngay co t 100 - 150 ng

trai phep vao Vn Quoc gia. Tong so oi tng vi pham b bat qua tans.

Trong nhng nam gan ay, nha nc va chnh quyen cac cap, cachnh phu, rat quan tam ho tr, au t cho vay von san xuat, chan nuoa to chc san xuat at hieu qua, nang cao thu nhap va i song tthien.


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Mat khac do d an vung em cua Vn Quoc gia cha co nguotrien c nen ngi dan da vao tai nguyen cua Vn ma xam pham2000 cho thay co 550 vu vao vn trai phep:

X phat hanh chanh 15 vu. Canh cao 13 vu.

Khi to 04 vu. So con lai giao chnh quyen a phng giao duc.

IV. Qua Trnh Quan Ly4.1. Quan ly tai nguyen thc vat

Quan xa sen: Dien tch nam 1997 la: 63,8ha Dien tch nam 2000 khoang 230ha.

Quan xa lua ma: Dien tch nam 1997 la: 678,4ha. Dien tch nam 2000 khoang 680ha.

Quan xa nan: Dien tch nam 1997 la 898,8ha. Dien tch nam 2000 khoang 500ha.

Quan xa mom moc: Dien tch nam 1997 la 305,1ha. Dien tch nam 2000 khoang 351ha.

Quan xa co ong: Dien tch nam 1997 la 1965,9ha. Dien tch nam 2000 khoang 2000ha.

Quan xa rng tram: Dien tch nam 1997 la 3018,9ha. Dien tch nam 2000 khoang 3100ha.

Tuy nhien ben canh s phat trien ngay mot rong ra cua cac quan xnhien cung anh hng rat ln en s phat trien o. Cn lu nam 2000kem theo lng phu sa nhieu cung lam cho mot so loai thc vat khongc, hoac chet i nh: Tram non, sen, sung, co nan

4.2. Quan ly tai nguyen ong vat:4.2.1. Tai nguyen chim nc:oi vi chim nc sinh song trong Vn Quoc gia.

Hang nam can bo chuyen mon cung vi nhan vien bao ve tienquan ly va thong ke chim nc Vn Quoc gia nh sau:

oi vi can bo chuyen mon:


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Quan ly, theo doi tap tnh sinh trng, sinh san cac loai chim. To chc, hng dan, tong hp va ieu tra tat ca cac loai ch

song Tram Chim. Cuoi thang thong ke mot lan va bao cao cac nganh hu qua

oi vi nhan vien bao ve: Cung can bo ky thuat thong ke mot so loai chim hang nga

ay, co trang, giang sen, ien ien, cong coc, nhan, o tac (con(la, xam).

oi vi chim nc sinh song ngoai Vn Quoc gia: - ieu tra cac bai an khac cua chim nc, ac biet la seu co tru

cac iem ngoai Vn Quoc gia Tram Chim nh: Kien Giang, LoKhu vc ong bang song Cu Long.

- Thi gian ieu tra t thang 1 en thang 12 hang nam se co khoaieu tra.

- Bao cao ket qua sau moi t ieu tra.

4.2.2. Cac loai ong vat thuoc 2 lp bo sat va lng c nh:ran, ech, nhai, rai ca- Bc au tm hieu ve tnh a dang loai sinh canh, chc nang cua

sat va lng c trong he sinh thai.- Thu thap so lieu khao sat, thu mau ca the ien hnh cua cac lo

nh mau formol trong lo thuy tinh, bang hnh anh.

4.2.3. Tai nguyen thuy san:

Quan ly nguon tai nguyen thuy san nham muc tieu: Tai tao va bao ton tnh a dang sinh hoc cua khu he thuy sinh v a dang hoa, nang cao va duy tr nang suat nguon li thuy san

San lng ca hang nam khoang 195-210 tan, trong o: Ca song c chiem 60% tong san lng ca trong Vn Quoc Ca ong c chiem 40% tong san lng ca trong Vn Quoc

So vi nhng nam trc th san lng ca nam 2001 giam khoangthc te). Nguyen nhan:

ieu tiet nc e phuc hoi tham thc vat va cho tram phat t Nc nhiem phen nang. Nc lu nam 2000 lam cho thuy san trong vn ra ngoai son

bat.Nam 2000 Vn Quoc gia Tram Chim thc hien mo hnh nuoi ca sa

xung vao vn hn 20kg ca giong.

4.2.4. Tai nguyen nc:Muc tieu cua quan ly nc la:


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Duy tr va tai tao nhng ac iem a mao thuy van va cannhien.

ieu tiet nc va chat lng nc cho phu hp vi ieu kicua cac quan xa thc vat.

Cao trnh mat at khu Tram Chim < 1,20m > 2,20m.Cao o trung bnh toan vung khoang 1,5m. Trong o:

Khu C: 1,4-1,6m Ni cao nhat: tren 2,0m. Ni thap nhat:1,2-1,3m.

Mc nc cao nhat nam 2000 tai Tram Chim: 4,61m (ngay 25-09-2000)Mc nc cao nhat nam 2001 tai Tram Chim: 4,27m (ngay 22-09-2001)

4.2.5. Cong tac trong rng va phong chong chay rng:- Hang nam Vn Quoc gia eu to chc trong rng va cay pha

tuyen e bao (chng trnh 5 trieu ha rng).- Xay dng c lc lng phong chong chay rng cac xa, th tr

ngi, thng xuyen tap huan hang nam.- Ve sinh rng, cham soc ta tha rng.- ot co chu ong vao mua kho ( nhng iem de chay).- Ket hp vi chnh quyen a phng xay dng ke hoach tuan tra qu

phoi hp thc hien.

4.2.6. Cong tac tuyen truyen giao duc va nang cao i song nhan

Thng xuyen c can bo chuyen trach ket hp cung cac nganh chuyen, xa i tap huan trong nhan dan e moi ngi hieu c vai tro, Vn Quoc gia trong viec bao ve tai nguyen thien nhien, bao ve moi tr

Vn Quoc gia Tram Chim phoi hp cung Hoi Lien Hiep Phu NNong, trng ai hoc Can Th cho vay von hai xa: Phu c, Phu Hiehnh Lam-Ng do to chc Oxfam tai tr (39.000USD).

To chc nhan ao cua Phap tai tr cho Vn Quoc gia 9.000.000 tranh anh tuyen truyen.

Vn Quoc gia Tram Chim cung vi Hoi cac nganh sinh hoc Vi

chng trnh tai tr cac d an nho cua Quy moi trng toan cau to truyen thong moi trng cong ong ky niem ngay lam nghiep Viet NaPhu c.

Ngoai ra con co s tai tr (500.000.000 ong, von quay vong) cua Anh, ai s quan an Mach cho nhan dan cac xa Phu Tho, xa Tan Connam 1996 en nay.

4.2.7. Cong tac nghien cu khoa hoc:


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n v thng xuyen c can bo theo doi s bien ong cua cac loaSen, lua tri, nan.. . Quan ly ieu tiet nc e co giai phap hu hieuton cac loai tren.

Trong nhng nam va qua a va ang tien hanh mot so e tai nghoc nh:

Nghien cu mot so giai phap diet tr cay mai dng. Nghien cu anh hng cua nc va la len s a dang sinh h Mo hnh nuoi ca sac ran.

V. Kien NghBen canh nhng thanh qua at c trong qua trnh xay dng va p

vng Vn Quoc gia Tram Chim, chung toi cung gap nhieu kho khan. Dxin kien ngh mot so y kien nh sau:

- S xam lan cua loai ngoai lai (mai dng) ma cha co cach phohieu, can s can thiep cua cac nha khoa hoc, cac trng ai hoc

- Can phat trien d an vung em gan vi phat trien du lch sintham gia cua cong ong dan c song quanh Vn Quoc gia. V idan on nh, th ap lc oi vi Vn Quoc gia mi giam va pvng.

- To chc nghien cu thng xuyen va lau dai ve che o thuyvc Vn Quoc gia Tram Chim va cac vung lan can trong moi viec bao ton nguon gien va bao ton a dang sinh hoc. Hien nay gia Tram Chim ang thieu can bo chuyen mon va trang thiet b kthc hien cong viec nay.

- Vn Quoc gia Tram Chim mi nh hnh nen con nhieu kho khte nay Vn Quoc gia Tram Chim e ngh cac Vien, cac trncac to chc quoc te quan tam giup e Vn Quoc gia Tramkien quan ly, thc hien tot nhiem vu.


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KET QUA BC AU QUAN LY VA BAO VE HUYEN TAN PHC, TNH TIEN GIAN

Nguyen Hoang Hanh S Khoa Hoc - Cong Nghe va Moi trng Tien Gian

I. Gii ThieuHuyen Tan Phc:la Huyen nam pha Bac trong vung ong Thap M

Tnh Tien Giang. Dien tch t nhien toan Huyen 32.862ha, dan so nam 19ngi, mat o bnh quan 155 ngi/km2 (so vi Tnh 762ngi/km2 thap nhat trongTnh). ac iem t nhien cua Huyenang chu yla:

at ai:chu yeu la at phen, co 3 n v at chnh: at phen hien tai tang phen nong: dien tch 20.150ha chiem 61

tch t nhien. at phen tiem tang co tang sinh phen sau va rat sau: dien

chiem ty le 30,11%. at phu sa xam nau a phat trien co tang loang lo: 2.699ha ch

Nguon nc, thuy van: Nguon nc cho san xuat va sinh hoat phu thuoc vao che o

song: Song Tien va song Vam Co Tay. Mot ac iem quan tvung giap ncgia 2 song v vay vieclay nc va tieu thoat kho khan la vung hien taichat lng nc xau nhat cua ca vungong Thap Mi.

Cac thang mua ma t thang 5 en thang 11 hau het nguon 3,5-4 cac thang mua kho t thang 12 en thang 4 khoang 30%pha Tay co pH: 4-5,5 co the s dung cho san xuat nong nghie

Lu hang nam gay ngaptoan bo khu vc t thang 9 en cuoi thanh lu thng xuyen xuat hien na cuoi thang 11. Mc ngamat ruong t 0,5-2m, khu vc pha Bac ngap sau hn pha nam.

Theo nh ngha ve at ngap nc theo Cong c Ram Sar (1971) cotoan bo at Huyen Tan Phc (va ca Tnh Tien Giang) la vung at ngap ncbao gomhe thong kenh rach, rng Tram, ruong lua, cac trang co ngap nc thlay. . . vi 2 he sinh thai chnh la Rng Tram ngap nc noi a va henghiep.

II. Tai Nguyen va Tnh a Dang Sinh Hoc cua Huyen TanHe thc vat co en 540 loai (khong ke cay trong) thuoc 112 ho.

nhieu loai thc vat quy hiem ch ong Thap Mi mi co nh: Lua mOryzaninuta),Lua tri (Oryzarufipogon), Mai lieu, Lop bop, Ven ven, Lieu, Song vuong, DuMat quy, Cay bui, Mong ga, Ngoai moc cam, Trung hung nam, Com,


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nam, Nap bnh, May mien, Thuy cam, Kim nhu. . . Cac loai cay nay rat qnguon goc gen thuan chung e tao ra cac giong cay trong mi sau nay. ma, Lua tri la giong gen quy can c bao ve tot e tao ra cac giontrong tng lai co tnh thch nghi cao vi ong Thap Mi.

Ngoai Tram va cac loai cay dung lam vat lieu xay dng, nguyethu cong nghiep, nguon dc lieu ong Thap Mi rat phong phu vthuoc nh: Nhau, Hac cu, Mop gai, Cam thao nam, Co bac, Co mc, Kehoa ao, Lc, Thao quyet minh, Voi voi, Lo bnh, Li ran. . . chung chloai benh khac nhau, co ca cay quy mi ghi them vao sach thuoc. nguyen trong tng lai co the tao ra mat hang thuoc ma ch Vung ong Tco.

Nhieu loai co chan nuoi moc t nhien ong Thap Mi c xchan nuoi trau bo co chat lng tot: Co mat, Co ch, Co nc, Cobap.v.v

Trong tong so 198 loai Ca nc ngot Tien Giang co 42 loai soong Thap Mi, hien nay ch gap 10-12 loai thuoc nhom ca en co nguCac loai ong vat pho bien ong Thap Mi co the phuc hoi nhMeo, Rai ca, cac loai Rua, Ran, Ga Rng, Tran, Ca sau

Ro rang a dang sinh hoc ong Thap mi rat phong phu va quyton va khai thac tot se cho nguon li kinh te ln ma van gi c sbang sinh thai cho the he mai sau.

Tuy nhien, s a dang naya b pha hoai va van ang b e doabi hang loatcac yeu to nh khai hoang, cai tao at nong nghiep, o nhiem, chay rnkhong phu hp. . .Thc te ang suy ngh la viec khai thac cai tao at

An, ong Thap cho tang trng kinh te kha cao, nhng rieng Tan Phc tao at va qua chohieu qua va tang trng kinh te thap(v bat li cua ieu kien tnhien, nhat la nguon nc).

oi vi he sinh thai Rng Tram(am lay noi a): sau nam 1975 vung TPhc cay Tram van la cay chnh vi dien tch tren 13.000ha, con lai la Bang, ng,Nang ngot, Co mom va cac loai cay khac (khong co lua). Rng Tram 1990 ch con lai 875ha va khoi phuc en nay rat cham: Dien bien dien tch Rt 1990 2000 nh sau:

Nam 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999Dien tch 875 875 1.105 1.395 2.225 2.638 1.867 1.764 1.952 1.987 2.29

oi vi he sinh thai Nong nghiep: at nong nghiep tang nhanh, t 11.56ha (35,18%) nam 1994 len 24.079ha (73%) nam 2000. Trong o at ruong lua 9.8ha (30%), trong cay lau nam 9.900ha (30%). Ket qua s dung at Nong nghiep chongoai cay Khom co tnh thch nghi cao va kinh te, con lai cac cay trongqua kem hoac cha khang nh c nh: Lua, cay an qua, cay lng tkhoai lang).


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Viec quan ly va khai thac vung at ngap nc Tan Phc (nha1980-1990) khong em lai hieu qua kinh te cao, a dang sinh hoc b pha hnguyennhan chu yeu la do:

(1) Thieu hieu biet cac ieu kien t nhien c ban cua vung nay, nc.

(2) Ap lc cua dan so (mat o dan so Tien Giang ong nhat onCu Long) va oi hoi phat trien kinh te, nhat la giai quyet lpham.

(3) T o cha co chnh sach quan ly, khai thac, bao ve vung atkhoa hoc.

(4) Thieu nguon von va can bo co nang lc.

III. Ket Qua Bc au Ve Quan Ly va Bao Ve at N3.1. ieu chnh qui hoach s dung at

Trong qui hoach phat trien kinh te-xa hoi Huyen Tan Phc 2001hoach s dung at a c ieu chnh hp ly tren c s nghien cu c nhien va anh gia thc tien, trong o ang chu y la:

- Ve san xuat lua va lng thc: giam bt dien tch lua t 9.886xuong con 8.300ha, i vao tham canh vi viec ap dung cac biethuat phu hp vi ac iem cua vung, khong tang dien tch ca

- Gi vng on nh cay cong nghiep dai ngay a co la Khom va tang dien tch cay an qua lau nam t 400ha len 980ha ganvn tap trong tng ho gia nh va ap dung mo hnh tham canh vmo hnh VAC.

- Ve Lam Nghiep:Muc tieu at ra la bao ve vung at ngap phen, giche phu, gop phan ieu tiet nc va chat lng nc, bao ton thi tang thu nhap thong qua viec khai thac co quan ly, ta thapham phu t rng. Ve dien tch: phuc hoi en 2010co 5.620ha rng Tram. Trong o

4.320ha trong tap trung gom 1.700ha c xac nh thuoc khu bavung em cua Khu bao ton sinh thai do Nha nc quan ly, 2kinh doanh. Co 1.300ha Tram trong theo he thong nong-lam ket

Hien nay trong nh hng chuyen oi c cau dien tch cay tro2005 cua Chnh phu, trong o d kien phuc hoi 100.000ha rnong Bang Song Cu Long. D kien cua Tien Giang phat Tram tang them khoang 4.000hae at khoang 10.000ha nam 2010.

Cay Bach an c trong doc theo cac tuyen giao thong thuy 1.500ha. Khong phat trien m rong dien tch loai cay nay. Santhac, ta tha nam 2010 khoang 17.045m3 go, va 40.382m3 cui, trong orieng go Tram la 7.100m3 va cui 26.459m3.


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Gia tr san xuat lam nghiep nam 2010 c tnh 16.081 trieu bnh quan 3,37% nam; gia tr tang them nam 2010 khoang 12.ong toc o tang bnh quan 3,77% nam (gia so sanh co nh 1

Nhu cau au t cho phat trien lam nghiep t 2001-2005 la 31ong va giai oan 2006-2010 la 17.662 trieu ong (cha tnh ie

qui hoach theo chnh phu tang them 4.000 Tram). Rieng trong 2 nam 2000 va 2001 Tnh a tang cng au t ch

bao ve rng sinh thai: nam 2000 ngan sach Tnh au t trong2001 trong 213ha Tram vung sinh thai, au t xay dng san chitha nuoi dng mot so loai ong vat hoang da 1,4 ty oOxfam America a au t cho 171 ho dan vay trong 121ha TramThanh Hoa, My Phc vi mc vay 8 trieu ong/ha, thi gianlai suat 6%/nam (D an do S KH-CN & MT quan ly).Cunvon nay a tao ra phong trao trong Tram khu vc D an (them khoang 50ha). Nh vay en cuoi nam 2001, tong dien tc

Tan Phc at khoang 2.700ha.- Ve Thuy san: trong nh hng qui hoach 2001-2010 tang dien tchsan t 36ha len 225ha dien tch nuoi bao gom trong ao a, mng ruong lua (trong mua lu). Phat trien hnh thc nuoi cac loai ca Tram. Han che khai thac thuy san tren dong chay va anh babao ve nguon giong. nh hng thuy san tren gop phan bao ve nguon li thuy s

ngap nc va co hieu qua kinh te cao hn. Theo nh hnlng nuoi trong 2010 at khoang 678 tan tren nam, toc oquan 17,96%/nam, san lng anh bat nam 2010 khoang 94

bnh quan 7,63%. Gia tr san xuat thuy san 2010 at 8637 trieu ong tang trung

va gia tr tang them 5873 trieu ong tang trung bnh 16,2% (nh 1994).

3.2. Xay dng va thc hien cac chnh sach ong bo e quan ly va phattrien kinh te xa hoi

Gia tang mc au t kinh ph cho viec phuc hoi va bao ton rng Tdo nha nc quan ly trong ke hoach hang nam. Tuy nhien mc gia tangyeu cau mc tieu at ra.

Ngan hang Nong nghiep tang cho ho nong dan vay von, chu yengan han nham giai quyet cuoc song, giam bt ap lc len viec pha hrng, khai thac at hoang (Bang, Nang, ) mot cach hp ly. Von cho vay oi hoi dai ngay (5 7 nam) va ln 7 8 trieu/ha cho rng Tram nen khcua Ngan hang rat t.


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Tang au t ngan sach Nha nc cho c s ha tang nh: he thong e phan lo chong chay rng, ieu tiet nc, quan ly chat che vung thien ieu kien giao thong, Y te

Tap trung giao at va cap giay chng nhan quyen s dung at lanong dan (50 nam oi vi at rng). ay la van e quan trong e ngxuat, bao ve rng (mot nguyen nhan quan trong gay chay rng nhieu trchung cua Nha nc khong phat huy c vai tro bao ve cua ngi dan)

Chu trong hn cong tac nghien cu khoa hoc nham quan ly, s dutot hn vung at nay nh: Theo doi anh gia dien bien chat lng nnghi (giong Tram, cay an qua); mo hnh nuoi thuy san mua lu trong phen, ky thuat canh tac

Khuyen khch moi thanh phan kinh te au t phuc hoi phat trien vhp ly rng (ke ca du lch sinh thai). Mong muon hp tac vi cac to chs ho tr ve von va ky thuat.

VI. Cac Van e Can Thiet e Quan Ly Bao Ve Vung- Can tiep tuc nghien cu e co mot chien lc quan ly, Bao v

at ngap nc Tien Giang. Ngoai he sinh thai rng Tram noi Tan Phc, Tnh Tien Giang con co vung ca song ven bien vln: Song Soi Rap, song Ca Tieu, song Ca Trung va Ca ai.co tnh a dang sinh hoc cao nhat ong Bang Song Cu Lonngap man va thuy hai san vung ven b ca song. Hn 20 namvung ca song tang them hn 1.000ha, kha nang phat trien rnlen en 6.000ha. Trong khi o rng hien trang ch con 1.270ha, thuy san giam suc nghiem trong (ca ve giong loai, san lngnhiem nc vung ven bien ca song tang nhieu, tranh chap gibao ve rng vi nuoi thuy san tang them Do vay rat can xaan khoi phuc va Bao ton a dang sinh hoc rng ngap man vungbien Tien Giang.

- Tm kiem cac nguon au t cho phuc hoi rng Tram va rng nyeu cau can thiet, trong o nguon ho tr t cac To chc Qutrong. Bi v nhn vao thc lc cua nen kinh te Tnh va kha naChnh phu thay ro rang von au t la rat kho khan.

- Can tang cng cong tac tuyen truyen e nang cao nhan thc cua gii lanh ao trong viec quan ly khai thac va bao ve at ng

- Chnh phu va Tnh can phai xay dng mot qui che e phan nhnang, nhiem vu cu the cua cac nghanh trong viec quan ly basinh hoc at ngap nc. (Ve phap luat a giao nghanh KH Cnhng phoi hp quan ly nh the nao vi nghanh a chnh, Nolong ghep trong ke hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hoi va au thoach).


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- ay manh ao tao va boi dng can bo di nhieu hnh thctap huan ngan han, tham quan nghien cu, Hoi thao, Thong tintrong lnh vc khai thac, Bao ve at ngap nc.

Ket qua bc au ve Quan ly Bao ve at ngap nc Tien Ginhieu viec phai tiep tuc thc hien. S KH CN & MT Tien Giangmong muon co scong tac va giup cua cac Vien, Trng, C quan Nghien cu quan ly vaKhoa hoc trong va ngoai nc, cac to chc Quoc te e viec quan ly, nc cua Tnh co bc tien trien manh hn.


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ac iem T Nhien va Tnh a Dang Sinh HVung at Ngap Nc Lang Sen, Tnh Long

Le Phat QuiS Khoa Hoc - Cong Nghe va Moi Trng Long An

Tom tat Lang Sen la mot bon trung noi a vung ong Thap Mi, tnh Long An.Vi hnh thai a mao a dang va la vung sinh thai tieu bieu cho kieu amlay ngap nc. S duy tr tham thc vat ven song, ong co t nhien va giatang dien tch tram trong a lam phong phu quan the ong thc vat. Ket qua khao sat s bo tai ay cho thay hien dien 156 loai thc vat hoang dathuoc 60 ho; 149 loai ong vat co xng song thuoc 46 ho, trong o co 13

loai nam trong sach o Viet Nam; cac loai thuy san tren song rach, aokha phong phu. Do han che thi gian nghien cu nen ch nghi nhan cco 11 loai ong vat ay. Vi tnh a dang sinh hoc nh the, viec thanh lapmot khu bao ton he sinh thai at ngap nc tieu bieu cho vung ongThap Mi la can thiet.

I. M auLang Sen c xem nh mot bon trung noi a thuoc vung trung ro

Thap Mi (Hnh 1), la vung sinh thai tieu bieu cho kieu am lay ngapquan the ong thc vat phong phu mang tnh ac trng. Qua nhieu nam kmuc ch san xuat nong nghiep a lam cho vung nay mat i cac ong thcua chung. Nhan thc c van e nay, vao nam 1994, UBND Tnh Lquyet nh thanh lap khu bao ton t nhien Lang Sen. Tuy nhien, cho en nguyen nhan, khu bao ton van cha hnh thanh.

Mot nghien cu s bo c tien hanh t nam 1999 2000 a cco the anh gia tong quan ve tai nguyen t nhien lam luan c khoa holap khu bao ton t nhien Lang Sen.

Bao cao nay ch trnh bay tong quan ve ac iem t nhien va khacua khu vc Lang Sen trong hng thanh lap khu bao ton t nhien tieu ong Thap Mi.

II. V Tr va Cac Yeu To T Nhien2.1. V tr dien tch

Lang Sen nam trong pham vi toa o a ly: 10o45 - 11o50 V o Bac va105o45-105o50 Kinh o ong. Dien tch t nhien cua Lang Sen khoang 5.00gom phan ln dien tch thuoc xa Vnh Li va mot phan thuoc xa Vnh


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Hng tnh Long An (H.1). Trong o co mot gii han t nhien kha ac bilao dien tch khoang 1.500 ha la mot vung am lay co nhieu habitat thch hthc vat a nc va ni de khoi phuc cac he sinh thai ong co, bai achim nc, c bao boc bi song Vam Co Tay.

2.2. Mot so ac iem t nhien2.2.1. a hnhkhu vc Lang Sen uc xem nh mot bon trung co cao o

1.8 m (so vi mc nc chuan tai mui Nai Ha Tien). Vi a hnh nhnay c xem nh mot vung am lay ngap nc chu anh hng trc tivan cua song Cu Long.

2.2.2. a chat khu vc phan ln thuoc tram tch Holocene va nhPleistocene (hoac Pleistocene muon) noi len mot so ni trong vung. Ngoatrung thap la long song co vi lp at mat tch tu nhieu chat hu c (H

2.2.3. Cac nhom at hien dien trong vung la ket qua t nhng qua trnto hnh thanh at, trong o tnh a dang cua vat lieu tram tch ong vai trCac nhom at chnh: at xam ( Aeric Paleaquults, Aquic Arenic Paleustults, TypicPlinthaquults ), at phen hoat ong (Typic Sulfaquepts, Umbric Sulfaquepts, Hydraquentic Sulfaquepts), at phu sa co tang sinh phen trung bnh ( Aquic sulfic Tropaquepts), at phu sa co tang phen trung bnh (Sulfic Tropaquepts), , at phu sa phattrien(Typic Tropaquepts).

Ten at Tram tch Cm PH SO42- (%)1 Aeric Paleaquults Pleistocenee 0-30 5.6 0.06

30-50 5.4 0.0450-100 4.3 0.09

2 Aquic Arenic Paleustults 0-25 5.2 0.1025-50 5.1 0.1250-100 4.4 0.10

3 Typic Plinthaquults 0-20 5.6 0.0720-45 5.1 0.0945-100 4.9 0.12

4 Typic Sulfaquepts Holoccene 0-27 4.6 0.1727-55 3.4 0.2455-84 3.9 0.23

5 Hydraquentic Sulfaquepts 0-22 5.4 0.1422-45 3.7 0.2145-95 4.2 0.25

6 Aquic sulfic Tropaquepts 0-25 5.4 0.1625-64 4.9 0.1564-82 3.8 0.27

7 Typic Tropaquepts 0-25 5.1 0.1125-50 5.6 0.0850-100 5.5 0.11

8 Umbric Sulfaquepts HoloceneLong song co

0-35 4.6 0.16

35-67 3.6 0.2567-110 3.2 0.23


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2.2.4. Che o thuy vantai ay chu anh hng trc tiep cua song Cu thay oi do anh hng bien oi ve che o dong chay trong toan vung THng. Mang li song rach t nhien trong khu vc Lang Sen va vung lantuy nhien lu lng lu thong khong ln do lu vc nho. Lang Sen c tieyeu do cac kinh tao nguon ln t song Cu Long, nh: kinh Hong Ng L

79, kinh 28 va song Lo Gach. Nguon nc trc tiep ti khu vc Lang Sendan nc chnh la kinh 79 va rach Bong Sung. Anh hng cua thuy ttheo che o ban nhat trieu, va ln nhat vao mua kiet (mua kho). Tuy nong mc nc ln nhat cung trong khoang < 0.5 m. bien o nay giam dlu xuat hien.

Ngap lu:vung ngap sau trung bnh vung t 2.5 en 3 met trong cac(tng ng lu 1996, 2000). Thi gian ngap t 3 en 4 thang. Do mangmng c phat trien va mo rong nen thi gian ngap hien nay la ngathang so vi trc ay. Vung ngap sau va lau nhat van la nhng ni luLang Sen, rach Ca He, rach Cai No.

Chat lng nguon ncthay oi theo mua va co s khac biet trong tng (Bang 1 & 2). Tuyen kinh 79 i qua vung at phen nang nen nc b chuauc thap, pH thng thap di 4.5. Chat lng nc ch c cai thien vong thi o uc cung tang len t nhieu. Tuyen song Bong Sung co chhn, lng phu sa tng oi on nh va cao hn.Bang 1.pH nc vung Lang Sen vao au mua lu (30/8 2/9/1999)

V tr pH V tr pHKinh 79 (LT. Ly Hung) 5.42 Kinh 504 5.56Rach Bong Sung 5.73 Ra rng tram cu lao 4.95 5.1Ngon Ca Ga 5.40 Rng tram ra cu lao 5.18au Lang Sen (*) 5.17 Ngon rach Cai He (*) 5.41

Vung gia Cai He (*) 5.92Bang 2.o pH nc vung Lang Sen sau lu (28 29/1/2000)

V tr pH V tr pHUB Tan Hng 5.89 Song Bong Sung 6.63Rng tram ven r. Cai Sach 6.30 Kinh 504 4.64Kinh Ngang kinh 79 4.18 Trung tam Lang Sen (*) 6.21Ngon rach Cai He (*) 6.91

Ghi chu: (*) vung Lang Sen Cai He

2.2.5. Boi lang phu satrong noi ong ch xay ra khi lng phu sa theo donlu a ve. Mot lng ln phu sa phu tren ong ruong a c ghi nhannam 2000. Vi lp tram tch phu sa kha day a gay ra hien tng nhnchet hang loat.

2.3. Canh quan t nhien va cac kieu ni song cua loai ong thc v2.3.1.Canh quan; mac du dien tch khu vc tng doi nho nhng chu c

bi tnh a dang cua tram tch - tho nhng va he thong song rach nen L


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ay u ac tnh chung cua canh quan ong Thap Mi: canh quan thamgo chu ngap ven song, bai lay ven song, cac lung, lang, long song co mao nay the hien tnh a dang ve sinh vat, a dang ve habitat cua chung.

2.3.2. Cac kieu ni song cua loai ong thc vat a. Thuy vc nc chay;Gom he thong song rach t nhien va cac ke

Thanh phan thc vat cac kenh ao tha tht va t loai, canhien thanh phan thc vat phong phu hn, gom cac loai: Sung Nymphaeasp), Rau trang ( Nymphoides nouchali), Nh can vang (Utricularia aurea ),Rang gat nai (Ceratopteris thalictroides), Mom m ( Hymenachneacutigluma).ay la ni song cua nhom ca a nc chay. Nhom nay gom cyeu song tai cac dong chay chnh, kenh hoac song ln va thdong ve thng lu hoac di c en vung ngap lut theo mua e sisinh trng. Chung thng c goi chung la nhom ca trang gophan ln thuoc ho ca Chep (Cyprinidae) nh ca Linh ( Henycorhynchussiamensis), ca Nga ( Hampala spp), ca Me vinh ( Barbodes gonionotus), caHe ( Barbodes spp), va cac loai trong ho ca Tra (Pangasiidae), hoNheo (Siluridae), ho ca That lat (Notopteridae) ay la nhom cavao trong khu vc theo s len xuong cua nc lu hang nam song Cu Long.

b. ai rng t nhien hon loai ven song, rach;ngap nc thay oi t 3 thanen gan quanh nam (tuy theo o cao cua tng a iem). Do quapha, Lang Sen c tch ch con lai 15 - 20% so vi dien tch1975. o rong bnh quan cua ai rng nay hien nay ch con khom. Thanh phan thc vat co cau truc phc tap, phong phu ve lsong, trong o cac loai thng gap bao gom: Nhom cay than go: Tram (Syzygium cinereum), Bun (Crateva n

Tram bau ba la (Combretum trifoliatum), Com hao am (Elaeohygrophilus), Chiec khe (Barringtonia acutangula);

Nhom day leo: Bong bong leo (Lygodium scandens), Vac (Catrifolia), May nc (Flagellaria indica);

Nhom co, cay bui: Phen en (Phyllanthus reticulatus), Choc gaspinosa), nh lch (Hygrophila salicifolia), Choai co (Cyclosorus sp).

c. ong co ngap nc theo mua;thi gian ngap nc khoang 5 - 6 thang/nva de b chay vao mua kho. ong co ngap nc theo mua thngay sau ai rng ven song. Trc ay, Lang Sen, kieu ni sodien tch ln nhat nhng hien nay ch con sot lai nhng am nhothng di 0,5 ha phan bo rai rac trong cac lo rng tram, ruolo co dien tch ln hn (2-3 ha) la nhng ong co mi c phukhi khong trong lua na (do nang suat thap). To thanh thc vat hien nay thng bao gom nhieu loai than thao song chung v


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Mom ( Ischaemum sp), Nang ngot ( Eleocharis dulcis), Lua hoang (Oryzarufipogon), U du (Cyperus sp), Rau mac ( Monochoria sp).

d. Lung, trap; ay la nhng vung at thap trung co thi gian ngap nam hoac gan nh quanh nam nen t chay vao mua kho. Thc lung, trap bao gom cac loai thuy sinh nh Sen ( Nelumbo nucifera), Sung( Nymphaea sp), Nh can vang (Utricularia aurea ) hoac chu ngap nc nh Lua hoang (Oryza rifipogon), Lac hen (Scirpus grossus), Mom ( Ischaemumsp), Co ang tan (Fuirena umbellata). Vao cac thang mua kho, cac lung, la ni tru an cua cac loai bo sat nh ran Ri ca, ran Bong sungva cac loai ca thuoc nhom ca nc tnh nh Ln, cac loai thuho ca Tre, ho ca Ro ong.

e. Rng Tram; ay la kieu ni song nhan tao c phat trien manh sa1983 en nay. Rng tram thng c trong tren cac at trong luqua kinh te. Ve mat a dang sinh hoc, c phan loai nh sau: Rng tram t 1 - 3 tuoi: rng cha khep tan, mat at co s hie

cua nhieu loai cay than thao. Ngoai ra rng non con tao nenrap, tiep xuc vi mat at, tao ieu kien tot cho cac loai song nh Chang nghch ( Rallus aquaticus), Bm bp (Centropus sinensis va C. bengalensis), Chim sau ( Alcippe poioicephala), Trao trao(Pycnonotus spp), Chim khach (Crypsirina temia), Quoc ( Amaurornis phoenicurus), Co ma ( Nycticorax nycticorax), Co la.

Rng tram t 4 tuoi tr len: rng a khep tan, mat o thng trencay/ha. Di tan rng gan nh khong co cac loai thc vat tsong. Ngoai ra, do di tan rng trong trai rng nen rng thng khong thch hp cho cac loai ong vat sinh song. Ca

thng gap nh Phng (Phaenicophaeus tristis), Co ma ( Nycticoraxnycticorax), Tu hu ( Eudynamys scolopacea), Chim sau ( Alcippe poioicephala), Trao trao (Pycnonotus spp), Chim khach (Crypsirinatemia).

f. Ruong lua;ay la kieu ni song nhan tao co dien tch ln nhat tieu tra. Ruong lua (phan ln la 2 vu) thng c hnh thanh ttrc ay la nhng ong co ngap nc theo mua, t b phen. [PLy TP Ho Ch Minh bo sung cac yeu to vat ly nh loai at, pH, Thc vat hoang dai thng gap ruong lua vao cac thang l

khong canh tac) bao gom Ngo nc (Limnophila heterophylla), N

vang (Utricularia aurea), Sung (Nymphaea sp) ... Cac loai chim thng gap ruong lua bao gom Mo nha

limosa), Se se (Passer montanus), Dong doc (Ploceus spp), Chim (Alcippe indicus), Ca cuoc (Pseudibis gigantea).

g. e nhan tao; cac e nhan tao co kch thc ang chu y trong vugom e rach Ca Sach va e kenh Ca No. Kieu ni song nay


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nc. Thc vat hoang dai thng gap bao gom: Co ong (Panicum repens),Bm vang ( Merremia hederaceae), Co long tay ( Brachiaria mutica).

Cac kieu ni song t (b) en ( f ) la moi trng song chnh cua nhom ca tnh. ay la cac loai ca co kha nang song trong ieu kien moi trnnc can, oxy hoa tan thap, chua phen, t di c va thng c goi la chunen. Nhom nay gom cac loai ca thuoc ho ca Loc (Channidae), cac loai(Clariidae), ho ca Ro ong (Anabantidae), ho ca Sac (Belontiidae) ... ay lchnh ac trng cua khu vc, chung co nguon goc tai cho va co kha nanam trong khu vc.

III. Tnh a Dang Sinh HocTnh a dang sinh hoc trong khu vc Lang Sen c ghi nhan vi s h

cua nhieu loai ong thc vat ac trng cua vung ong Thap Mi.

3.1. Tham thc vat:Tai khu vc Lang Sen kha phong phu vi 156 loai thc vat hoang da

152 loai a xac nh c ten khoa hoc thuoc 60 ho c tm thay (Appeno khuyet thc vat (Pteridophyta) 7 loai, song t diep ( Dicotyledonae) 88 loai va n tdiep ( Monocotyledonae) 57 loai. Cac ho co so loai nhieu nhat la Poaceae (Cyperaceae (19 loai), Rubiaceae (6 loai) vaPapilionoideae (6 loai). Trong o co 4 loaicha xac nh c ten. So loai va so chi nam trong cac ho cua 152 loada Lang Sen tom tat Bang 3.Bang 3:So loai cua 60 ho thc vat Lang SenHo So chi So loai Ho So chi SoI. Khuyet thc vat 7 731. Loranthaceae 1 11. Schizeaceae 2 2 32. Euphorbiaceae 5 52. Pteridoideae 2 2 33. Balsaminaceae 1 13. Thelypteridaceae 1 1 34. Polygalaceae 1 14. Marsileaceae 1 1 35. Vitaceae 1 15. Salviniaceae 1 1 36. Moraceae 1 3II. Song t diep 74 8837. Urticaceae 1 16. Annonaceae 1 1 38. Asclepiadaceae 3 37. Nelumbonaceae 1 1 39. Convonvulaceae 4 58. Nympheaceae 1 2 40. Cuscutaceae 1 19. Ceratophyllaceae 1 1 41. Menyanthaceae 1 110. Dilleniaceae 1 1 42. Boraginaceae 2 211. Guttiferae 1 1 43. Lamiaceae 2 212. Eleocarpaceae 1 1 44. Scrophulariaceae 4 413. Tiliaceae 1 1 45. Acanthaceae 2 214. Malvaceae 1 1 46. Lentibulariaceae 1 215. Flacourtiaceae 1 1 47. Rubiaceae 6 616. Passifloraceae 1 1 48. Asteraceae 5 517. Cucurbitaceae 1 2 III. n t diep 40 57


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18. Capparaceae 1 1 49. Hydrocharitaceae 2 219. Aizoaceae 1 1 50. Pandanaceae 1 120. Amaranthaceae 2 2 51. Araceae 1 121. Portulacaceae 1 1 52. Lemnaceae 1 122. Polygonaceae 1 3 53. Xyridaceae 1 123. Mimosoideae 1 2 54. Commelinaceae 1 224. Caesalpinioideae 1 2 55. Flagellariaceae 1 125. Papilionoideae 6 6 56. Palmeae 1 126. Haloragaceae 1 1 57. Marantaceae 1 127. Myrtaceae 2 3 58. Pontederiaceae 2 328. Onagraceae 1 2 59. Cyperaceae 7 1929. Melastomataceae 1 1 60. Poaceae 21 2430. Combretaceae 1 3

Tong cong 121 152Da vao dang sinh trng, 152 loai thc vat hoang da Lang Sen

Cay than go: 26 loai Cay bui: 15 loai Cay than thao: 101 loai Day leo hoac day bo: 8 loai Ky sinh: 2 loai

3.2. Phieu sinh vat :Theo ket qua nghien cu cho thay thanh phan phieu sinh trong vu

nhieu viCyanophyta: 2 loai,Chlorophyta: 14 loai, Bacillariophyta: 8 loai. Co the viecgii han ve thi gian va so mau nghien cu nen cha the hien c sothanh phan phieu sinh vat ang hien dien trong vung.

3.3. Nguon thuy sanDo trong t khao sat mc nc tren ong kha cao nen cha the ti

mau, ket qua thu c do ieu tra cac ho tai a phng. Cac loai ieu traca trach, that lat, ca ro, ca linh, ca me, loc, lia thia ong, ca chot, caln, ech, ran (3 loai), rua, tom.

Ngoai ra, mot so loai thc vat thuy sinh khac a phat hien n Marsileaquadrifolia, Ceratopteris siliquosa, Salvinia cucullata, Lemna tenera, Eriocaulon sp., Limnophylla heterophylla, Najas sp., Blyxa sp., Valisneria gigantia, Rotala wallichii, Myriophyllum tetandrum, Hydrilla verticilata

Thanh phan ong vat ay ch ghi nhan c 11 loai trong 3 nganh (B


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Bang 4:Thanh phan ong vat ayNganh Sinotaia lithophaga (Heude) Nganh Fluta alba (Zuiew)Mollusca Bellamya filosa(Reeve) Vertebrata Trichopsis vittatus

Bithynia misella(Gredler) Labiobarbus siamensis (Sauvage)Sermyla tornatella (Lea) Nganh Macrobrachium sp.Gyraulus convexiusculus(Hutton) ArthropodaCorbicula cyreniformis (Prime) Limnoperna siamensis (Morelet)

3.4. ong vat:e co the ghi nhan c nhieu thong tin ve ong vat, nhom nghie

phng phap phong van dan a phng ket hp vi khao sat thc te (ophong van thong qua hnh anh), co 128 loai ong vat co xng song (khoc ghi nhan co mat Lang Sen; trong o:

lp Lng the: 4 loai

lp Bo sat: 17 loai lp Chim: 101 loai lp Thu: 6 loai

So loai va so chi nam trong cac ho cua 128 loai ong vat ieu trSen tom tat bang 5Bang 5:So loai cua 46 ho ong vat Lang SenHo So chi So loai Ho So chi SoI Lp Lng the 2 423. Scolopacidae 2 21. Ranidae 1 3 24. Columbidae 3 42. Microhylidae 1 1 25. Cuculidae 4 5II Lp Bo sat 16 1726. Tytonidae 2 23. Scincidae 1 1 27. Strigidae 1 14. Boidae 1 2 28. Alcedinidae 3 45. Aniliidae 1 1 29. Meropidae 1 26. Acrochordidae 1 1 30. Picidae 1 17. Colubridae 5 5 31. Alaudidae 1 18. Elapidae 2 2 32. Hirundinidae 2 39. Crotalidae 2 2 33. Chloropseidae 1 210. Trionychidae 1 1 34. Pynonotidae 3 711. Emydidae 1 1 35. Corvidae 2 212. Testudinidae 1 1 36. Timaliidae 1 1III Lp Chim 71 10137. Turdidae 1 113. Phalacrocoracidae 2 4 38. Sylviidae 1 214. Ardeidae 9 15 39. Muscicapidae 1 115. Threskiornithidae 2 2 40. Motacillidae 2 216. Anatidae 3 4 41. Sturnidae 1 117. Accippitridae 4 4 42. Nectariniidae 4 1218. Phasianidae 1 1 43. Dicacidae 1 119. Turnicidae 1 1 44. Ploceidae 2 3


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20. Rallidae 7 8 IV Lp Thu 4 621. Jacanidae 1 1 45. Mustelidae 1 122. Charadriidae 1 1 46. Muridae 3 5

Tong cong 93 128Theo Buckton, Cu, Tu and Quynh (1999) th qua 2 t khao sat thc a

nam 1999, cac tac gia a phat hien c 61 loai chim Lang Sen. Trong21 loai khong nam trong danh sach 101 loai chim c trnh bay bang trtong so cac loai chim phat hien c qua cac t ieu tra, bang cacphng phap khac nhau, a len en 122 loai va tong so cac loai ong va(khong ke ca) len en 149 loai, trong o co 13 loai co trong Sach obay Bang 6:Bang 6:Nhng loai tm thay Lang Sen co trong Sach o Viet NamStt Ten khoa hoc Ten a phng Tnh trang

I Lp Bo sat1 Python molurus Tran at V2 Python reticulatus Tran mac vong V3 Ptyas mucosus Ran rao V4 Naja naja Ran ho mang T5 Bungarus fasciatus Ran mai gam T6 Cuora amboiensis Rua nap V7 Indotestudo elongata Rua vang V

II Lp Chim8 Phalacrocorax carbo Bac ma R9 Pseudibis gigantea Ca cuoc E

10 Phodilus badius Chim meo T11 Pelargopsis capensis Sa sa trau T12 Pica pica Ac la E

III Lp Thu13 Lutra lutra Rai ca T

Ghi chu: E (Endangered) = ang nguy cap, ang b e doa tuyet chung V (Vulnerable) = se nguy cap, co the b e doa tuyet chung R (Rare) = hiem, co the se nguy cap T (Threatened) = ang b e doa

IV. S Dung va Bao Ve at Ngap NcQua nhieu nam khai thac cho muc ch phat trien nong nghiep, at tro

a bien oi rat ln. Ke t nam 1978, dien tch tram va ong co b thuthay the bang nhng canh ong lua.

Vao nam 1997, sau khi co s thong bao cua chnh quyen a phnthanh lap khu bao ton t nhien Lang Sen cung vi gia lua thng mai t


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te cua tram kha cao th dien tch tram tai khu vc nay a tang ang knhng vung at phen trong lua cho nang suat lua thap. e co the sc9at ngap nc co hien qua hn, Huyen Tan Hng quy hoach dien tch atla 9.150 ha, phan ln dien tch trong c tap trung tai nhng vung at phcua khu vc Lang Sen. Mot so dien tch lung, lang trung thap c bo tr

hp vi viec tao ni song cho nguon thuy san.Theo quyet nh mi nhat cua UBND Tnh Long An vao nam 2000,

tuc duy tr khu vc bao ton sinh thai rng tram ong Thap Mi vi dietrong khi ch i ke hoach ket hp khu vc nay vi khu vc Lang Sen Khu bao ton he sinh thai at ngap nc ong Thap Mi vi dien tch l

e co the thc hien ke hoach tren, ket hop vi chng trnh dan Tnh va huyen a va ang tien hanh xay dng cum va tuyen dan c takinh 79 e di di tai nh c cho nhng ho dan ang trong khu vc Lang

Vung Dien tch

(ha)

Tram

(ha)

Tram quy hoach

(ha)Xa Vnh ai 7.456,5 2.913,7 4.831Xa Vnh Li 5.301,8 3.319.0 4.319

Tuy nhien, d an quy hoach s dung at en nam 2010 cua huyen TVnh Hng a khong e cap en viec gi lai nhng trang co t nhien strong viec lam bai an cho cac loai chim.

V. Nhan XetMac dau ch vi nhng so lieu khao sat ban au nhng cho thay

mot vung at ngap nc vi he thong song rach t nhien va s a davi cac vung ngap nc khac cua ong Thap Mi. ay la mot tronnhien gop phan cho s a dang ve ni song, ve loai va ve canh quan c quan ly va bao ve tot th Lang Sen se gop phan ang ke vao vdang sinh hoc cua vung noi a ha lu Me Kong.

ai rng t nhien ven song, du a b tan pha t nhieu, la mot kiethanh hiem co hien nay cua vung ong Thap Mi. Thuy vc nc(song, rach) la mot kieu sinh canh khong co nhieu cac khu bao ve khac cua vung ong Bang Song Cu Long.

Do o, viec e xuat va thc hien xay dng mot d an Khu bao tat ngap nc ong Thap Mi tai khu vc Lang Sen vi mot dien tch gom ca dien tch cua Khu bao ton sinh thai rng tram TM va lam trcan thiet. Mot khu bao ton sinh thai nh vay se gop phan vao viec baohoc va canh quan thien nhien cua vung ong Thap Mi, phuc vu conkhoa hoc, hoat ong du lch sinh thai.


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TAI LIEU THAM KHAO1. Austin, M. P. and Margules, C. R.,1986. Assessing representativeness. Trong Usher,

M. B. (ed.). Wildlife conservation evaluation . Chapman and Hall, London.2. Buckton, S. T., Nguyen Cu, Nguyen Duc Tu and Ha Quy Quynh, 1999. The

Conservation of Key Wetland Sites in the Mekong Delta - Conservation Report Number 12. BirdLife International Vietnam Programme in collaboration with theInstitute of Ecology and Biological Resources.

3. Corrick, A. H. and Norman, F. I, 1980. Wetlands of Victoria. In National ParksService, Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Victoria. Manual of Wetlands Management . Crown (State of Victoria), 1996.

4. Ho Chin, 1997. The Plain of Reeds - 10 years for Reclamation and Development(1985 - 1995). Internal Paper.

5. Ho, Pham Hoang, 1991. Vegetation in Vietnam. Vol. I, II, III.6. Kent, M. and Coker, P., 1992. Vegetation Description and Analysis-A Practical

Approach. Belhaven Press, London.7. Larson, J. S., 1976. Models for evaluation for freshwater wetlands. in Manual of

Wetlands Management (National Parks Service, Department of Natural Resources

and Environment, Victoria, 1996), Crown (State of Victoria).8. Magurran, A. E., 1998. Ecological Diversity. University Press, Cambridge.9. MARK B. BUSH , 1997. Ecology of a Changing Planet.Prentice Hall, Inc.10. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1995. Biological Diversity. Development Cooperation

Information Department, The Hague, Netherlands.11. MOSTE, 1992. Vietnam Redbook , Part: Animal. Science and Technology

Publishhouse.12. MOSTE, 1996. Vietnam Redbook , Part: Vegetation. Science and Technology

Publishhouse13. Nilsson, C. (1986). Methods of selecting lake shorelines and nature reserves. Trong

Manual of Wetlands Management (National Parks Service, Department of Natural

Resources and Environment, Victoria, 1996), Crown (State of Victoria).14. Peenen, Van. 1969. Preliminary identification Manual for mammals of SouthVietnam. UNM Washington.

15. Peterken, G. F., 1968. International selection of areas for reserves. Trong Manual of Wetlands Management (National Parks Service, Department of Natural Resourcesand Environment, Victoria, 1996), Crown (State of Victoria).

16. Pressey, R. L., 1984. A method for description and evaluation of coastal floodplainwetland. Trong K. Myers, C. R. Margules and I. Musto (eds). Survey methods for nature conservation Volume 1 . SCIRO, Canberra.

17. Thoi, Duong Huu, 1998. Basis of Ecology. National University Publish House,Hanoi.

18. Tien, Dao Van. 1977. Spine Animals. Vol. I, II. University and TechnologicalSchool , Publish House, Hanoi.

19. Tran, Nguyen Ngoc, 1990. The Mekong Delta: Resources -Environment Development. Science and Technology Publish house. Hanoi.

20. VIE/91/G31, 1994. Biodiversity Action Plan for Vietnam. Hanoi21. VIE/91/G31, 1994. Biodiversity Action Plan for Vietnam. Hanoi.22. Vietnam GEF (UNDP - VIE/91/G31),1996. Guidelines of Biodiversity Surveys for

Natural Reserve Area. MARD, Hanoi.


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IEU TRA VA KHAO SAT VE ANH HNG CUC DAN QUANH KHU BAO TON TRAM CHIM V

Nguyn Vn Huynh va Trn Thanh Hai Bmn Bao VThc Vt, Khoa Nng Nghi p, ai Hoc Cn Th

Tom lc y lamt khao sat u tin vthanh phn loai vamt cua mui cackhu bao tn na y trong mua kh tthang 1 dn thang 8-2001, lathi giankhng colu , c coi la thch h p cho mui phat trin. Mui c iu tratai 4 a im khu bao tn Tram Chim vamt Lang Sen, bng cach thuth p mu mui n cn ngi vao ban m (tluc 6 gi sang n 6 giti)vamu lng qung sng trong nc tnhin bng cach muc 20 qung mia im (khng thu th p trong lu hu , chum vai). Kt quacho th y mui rt nhiu vatht slam khochu cho i sng cuangi dn chung quanh cac khu bao tn na y. Comt loai mui on soc(Anopheles nigerrimus) vat nht la 2 loai mui thng (Culexbitoeniorynchus vaC. tritoeniorynchus) ac phat hin va nh danh. C.bitoeniorynchus laloai phbin nht (gn 70% tng s ), hoat ng sut m, nhocon vacon c goi lamui vang Lang Sen. Loai A. nigerrimusvi mt skhacao (chim gn 30% tng s ), hoat ng manh vao u hm,cn rt au vac coi lacokhanng truyn bnh St Ret.

Rung lua xung quanh khu bao tn conhiu lng qung sinh san (vao uvacui vulua sau khi va thu hoach xong), nhng trang covarng tram thcothcoi lakhng thch h p cho mui sinh san do cht lng nc (rt chua phen vao u mua ma, conhiu ng vt lathin ch cua lng qung sng trong nc vao u mua nng), mc ducort nhiu mui trong tan rng tram cung nh khu nhachung quanh.

Cn cochng trnh phong trmui bao vsc khoe cho c dn trong vung.

I. Gii ThiuTram Chim lakhu bao tn (KBT) Su vavung sinh thai nhp nc c trng cua

ng Thap Mi trong vung chu thsng Cu Long. Muc tiu cua KBT labao vphnrng ngp nc con lai, tranh sln chim vatan phacua con ngi do ap lc dn sngaycang gia tng. Ngoai ra, khu vc Lang Sen tng tln cn cung c coi laKBT cuatnh Long An.


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Mc sng cua c dn ni y rt thp v trmt st bam trulu i con a sla di dn tri ni kim sng bng anh bt ca, lam mn theo thi vulua vathu hai rau-ca-cui trong rng tram. Do o, cothbao vKBT th cn comt chng trnh phat trini sng cua dn chung ni y hova sinh sng n nh vahp phap va bao vcKBT. Vatrong chng trnh nay, vn phat trin khoach chm soc sc khoe cho cdn lacn thit.

Qua thao lun vi bnh vin huyn Tam Nng, cng tac u tin hang u laanhgiavhin trang y tva c bit lavn mui i vi i sng c dn. Do o, bai baocao nay trnh bay cac kt quaiu tra c vthanh phn loai, mt s, ni sinh san cuamui trong mua khng ngp lutthang 1 n 8/2001 vacho ykin vbin phap cn co phong trmui.

II. Phng Tin vaPhng Phap

2.1. Chon a im.Tram Chim, co4 a im c chon nhm ai din cho cac kiu sinh canh nh

Nhakhach cua KBT, UBND xaPhuc, PhuThovabn trong rng cua xaPhuThanh B(Hnh 1).

Lang Sen, ch comt a im c chon laVam CaHe thuc p Lang Sencua xaVnh ai (Hnh 2), v hu ht cac ni khac tLang Dai trxung u khng contm c cac khu vc tnhin ni ting lalung sen hay rng tram thutrc, khp niang c vet vaao kinh mi cho giao thng thun tin.

2.2. iu Tra Mui Cn Ngi Vao Ban m.V muc ch khao sat vy tnn trong vic iu tra ch thu thp mui cn ngi

mathi. Cng tac c thc hin mi thang mt ln gm 2 m lin tip, tthang 1 nthang 8 nm 2001, v y lakhoang thi gian conhiu mui n cn ngi vanc lu cung arut nn colethch hp cho mui sinh san trong rng varung lua chung quanh.Mui c bt trong khoang thi gian t6 giti cho n 6 gisang. Ngi bt mui ngimt chbn ngoai tri cho mui n cn ri dung ng hut cn trung bt mui va chuyn mui vao gimu trong chai nhococha dung dch cn 70%. Mi githu thp t 20-50 con tuy theo thi im conhiu hay t mui. Mui a c phn loai vaghi thanhphn loai, c tnh mt svao mi gicua m. Sliu c trnh bay di dang sbinng vthanh phn loai theo gitrong m, theo thang trong nm vatheo a im iutra c.

2.3. iu Tra u Trung Cua Mui Trong Nc Nhm muc ch khao sat anh hng cua mt nc trong KBT n sphat trin cua

mui nn ch iu tra trn cac mt nc tnhin chkhng trong lu hu, ming da ongnc ma hoc cha nc dung cho sinh hoat. iu tra cung c tin hanh ng thi vi


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mui cn ngi noi trn. Lng qung c thu thp bng cach dung ca nha cocan, vikch thc rng 15 cm vasu 10cm, vt ly 20 mu tai mi a im. Tai cac a imachon trn, lng qung ac ly mu hoc latrong rng tram, trang congp nc,rung lua ln cn vatrong cac kinh mng cut conc ong, nu co. Lng qung acgitrong chai nhocha dung dch cn 70% m mt s, phn loai vanh danh. Sliucung c phn tch vatrnh bay nh trn.

Mu mui vau trung ac nh danh da theo cac tai liu cua Borel (1930),Belkin (1962) vaNguyn Cng Ty(1993). Ngoai ra, mu cung c gi cho Phn Vin Nghin Cu St Ret vaKySinh Trung tp. HCh Minh nhnh danh.

III. Kt QuavaThao Lun3.1. Skhochu do mui gy ra cho c dn quanh KBT.

Mt phong vn nhoc thc hin cho c dn quanh KBT Tram Chim vi 2 cuhoi: y mui conhiu dkhng? vaNgucomung khng?. Kt quatrnh bay trongBang 1 cho thy mui tht slavn i vi sc khoe cua dn tt ca4 a im. Moingi u trali langucomung vamt st cocamung cho tru. Hu ht u cho rngmui nhiu lado sinh san trong rng, ch comt ngi tai th trn Tam Nng thuc xa Phuc th cho lamui sinh san trong rung lua lachnh.Bang 1.Ykin cua c dn sng quanh KBT Tram Chim vaLang Sen vmc quan

trong cua mui i vi i sng. 2/2001*.Mui nhiu vagy khochu vsc khoe

Vng, do u ?

a im

KhngRng tram Rung lua

Nhakhach cua KBTPhucPhuTho PhuThanh BLang Sen B

00000

95100100100100

50000

* Hoi 20 ngi mi a im : Mui conhiu vagy khochu khng?

3.2. Thanh phn loai vamt scua mui cn ngi vao ban m Nhn chung, mui rt nhiu vao ban m tt cacac a im akhao sat. Mui

hoat ng ttri sp ti cho n khi tri sang, manh nht laluc du m t6-8 giti.Mui on soc comt st hn mui thng nhng chung rt hiu chin vacomt scaovao luc u m.

Kt quatrnh bay trong Hnh 3 va4 cho thy cac loai mui thuc 2 chi (genus) la Culex(mui thng) va Anopheles(mui on soc), trong o Culexchim a svi


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khoang 70% vmt snoi chung tt cacac a im vacac thang iu tra t1 n8/2001. Xet cuthva im vathi gian cho thy cac kt quanh sau:

- Cac a im ngay tai rng nh PhuThanh B vaLang Sen comt smuion soc cao hn ht vai khi chim hn 30% mt s, chung cung hoat ngmanh ngay catluc 3 gikhuya cho n sang (Hnh 3).

- Theo cac thang trong nm th khng comy khac bit vthanh phn loai (Hnh4). Nhng xet vmt smui n cn ngi ngoai tri th rt khac bit:

1. Rt nhiu vahau oi trong cac thang t1 n 5 hoc n u thang 6khi tri con t ma vat gio.

2. Rt t khi a coma nhiu, cogioTy-Nam thi manh vanc abtu ln ng. Tuy nhin, nu trong nhahay ni kn gioth mt s mui n cn ngi vn cokhanhiu vao luc nay.

Do o, cac yu tcua thi tit nh nhit , m khng kh vac bit latc cua gioTy-Nam coanh hng n hoat ng kim n cua mui vao ban m.

Cng tac phn loai vanh danh cho thy ch comt loai mui on soc la Anopheles nigerrimusvacot nht la3 loai mui thng la Culex bitoeniorynchus,C.tritoeniorynchusandC. marquesensis. c im vhnh thai vaphn loai cua chung ctrnh bay trong Bang 2 vaHnh 5:

- A. nigerrimusdnhn din do cach u khi cn cua loai mui on soc, kchthc khaln vakim chch coveto v hai xuc bin mi mau en cung phattrin dai doc theo kim chch.

- C. bitoeniorynchuslaloai mui nhocon, rt phbin moi ni vamt srtcao Tram Chim cung nh Lang Sen. Lang Sen, chung thng dc goi la mui vang (v comau vang), rt hng mau vachch rt au.

- C.tritoeniorynchuslaloai mui ln con, mau en, mt st hn nhiu so vi 2loai trn, va C. marquesensisch xut hin i luc v u trung cua chung chphat trin trong nc thui conhiu cht hu c.

Tn cua cac loai mui nay khac vi tn cua cac loai mui thng thng Vit Namac cp n bi Nguyn Cng Ty(1993), nh A. maculipennisva C. fatigans(ngngha vi C. quinquefasciatus,theo Belkin, 1962). c bit, A.maculipennisc ghinhn laphn bnhng vung b nhim mn. Theo Trn Xun Mai (1994) vaBmn Ky sinh trung, ai Hoc Y HaNi (1997) th loai mui on soc phbin nht tPhan Thit tr

vao la A. sundaicussinh san trong nc mn. Mu gi cho Phn Vin St ret vaKysinhtrung tp. HCh Minh nh danh c la A. punctulatus, cothch n nhom mathi.Do o, trong bao cao nay mui c nh danh theo Borel (1930) lachnh xac hn ht mcdutai liu quaculam cho tn khoa hoc cothac i khac sau nay. Mong nhn ccac ykin vatai liu nh danh cp nht hn.

3.3. Thanh phn loai vamt scua u trung mui trong nc


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3.3.1. Mt scua u trunga. KBT Tram Chim, lng qung c ly mu trc tin latrong rung lua nm

ven KBT doc theo cac tuyn kinh, kolatrong trp co(ngay bn trong vakinh bao), vasau cung latrong rng tram. Kt quatrnh bay trong Bang 3cho thy cort nhiu lng qung sng trong rung lua nhng rt t lng qungtrong trp covatrong rng tram. Vao ngay 9-10 thang 2/2001, rung lua angthi kytmacho n enhanh vac ginc, thch hp cho lng qungphat trin, catrong rung vang nc phn chia ; trong khi oth trp co varng tram mc nc cao khoang 20 cm, pH nc cao hn 6.0 vaconhiu ca tep hay ng vt nhokhac sng trong nc, ong vai trothin ch n lngqung. Cung cocung ghi nhn nh vy vao thang 5/2001 cho u vuHe-Thuvi rt nhiu lng qung sng trong nc cua rung lua ang thi kyenhanh.Tuy nhin, luc ny th nc trong trp covarng tram rt chua, do nc maong lai vahoa tan rt nhiu phen, rt trong vacomau o, khng cocon g

sng c.Mt khac, mt smui lai rt cao tai khu nha ln trong rng tram vao banm tthang 1-5/2001. Nh vy, cothsuy ra rng, rng tram khng thch hpcho mui sinh san nhng hp dn chung (thanh trung), colelado nhiu CO2 cua tan larng h hp thai ra vao ban m. Cn nghin cu su hn lamsang togiathuyt nay.

b. Lang Sen cung cocung ghi nhn nh trn i vi rung lua varng tram,mc dua srng y lado dn trng vaquan ly. c bit hn laa s rung lua y khng conc ong trong giai oan lua tang enhanh r n khi coong, v dn xa vao y lam rung nn hoch n bm ncti 7 hoc 10 ngay mt ln. Do o, t coiu kin cho mui phat trin tronggiai oan nay.

3.3.2. Thanh phn loai cua u trungKt quatrnh bay trong Hnh 6 cho thy cung tng tnh thanh phn loai cua

mui tt cacac a im, vi Culexchim hn 70% va Anophelest hn 30%. Khng ghinhn coshin din cua u trungC. marquesensis.

IV. Kt Lun vaNghMui rt nhiu vaanh hng xu n i sng cua c dn chung quanh cac KBT,

c bit latthang 1 n thang 5 hang nm, nht lakhi tri cot gio.Mt loai cua Anopheles( A. nigerrimus) vat nht la2 loai cua Culex (C .

bitoeniorynchusva C. tritoeniorynchus)ac ghi nhn vanh danh. Loai C . bitoeniorynchuslaphbin nht vahoat ng sut m, trong khi oloai A. nigerrimus,cokhanng truyn bnh St Ret, th thng hoat ng manh vao u hm. Tuy nhin, t l


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b bnh St Ret hang nm c bnh vin huyn ghi nhn lart thp co thlado khng co ngun bnh.

Trp cohay cac mt nc trong rng c ghi nhn lakhng thch hp cho muisinh san, nhng rung lua chung quanh th conhiu mui sinh san trong giai oan ma,lua non hay sau thu hoach comt nc trng hay conhiu cht hu c ang phn huy.

Mt chng trnh phi hp phong trmui th cn thit n nh i sng cuac dn vatranh bnh St Ret.

Tai liu tham khaoBelkin, J.N. 1962. The mosquitoes of the South Pacific (Diptera, Culicidae).

California Press, Berkley and Los Angeles, USA. 608 tr.Borel, E. 1930. Les moustiques de la Cochinchine et du Sud-Annam. Masson

423 tr.

Bmn KySinh Trung, ai Hoc Y HaNi. 1997. Kysinh trung y hoc. NXB. Y Hoc, Ha Ni. 302 tr.Mai, T.X. 1994. Kysinh trung y hoc. Giao trnh ai hoc. Trung Tm ao tao vaBi

dng Can bY ttp. HCh Minh. 460 tr.Ty, Nguyn Cng. 1993. Cac bnh cua vung nhit i. Uy Ban Khoa Hoc & KyThut va

Bnh vin ng Y cua tnh Ty Ninh. 1.133 tr._____________________


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Bang 2.Phn loai vam tacac loai mui thu mu c cac KBT Tram Chim vaLangSen cua ng Thap Mi. 2001.

HoCulicidaeHophuCulicinae

1. Tc AnopheliniPhc hp HYRCALUS- Anopheles nigerrimusGiles

Mui cai cokch thc trung bnh n khaln, vi bung dai 3 mm,u-ngc 2 mm vakim chch 2 mm. Mi di hoan toan en ngoai tr u cui comt vong ttrng. Xuc bin mi mau en, vi 3 vong trngcui mi t vamt cui cung.

2. Tc Culicini2.1. Nhom PIPIENS :

- Culex bitoeniorynchusGilesMui cai co kch thc nho(bung dai 2,6 mm, kim chch 2 mm) vimt bng en ln cui mi t bung. u trung cong thrt dai,1,6-1,7 mm, hnh thon nhon (khac vi C. quinquefasciatusrt ngn(0,9 mm) va C. fatigansngn, hnh bu duc dai). Rt phbin.

- Culex tritoeniorynchusGilesMui cai ln: canh dai 4 mm, kim chch 2,2 mm, bung 3 mm. Toanthn mau en. Mi di mau m nhng t th2 comau nu lt va rt ro. Cng vaban chn sau rt dai vi vong trng cui mi t. utrung cong thrt dai vanhon, 1,9 mm.

2.2. Nhom ATRICEPS :- Culex marquesensisStone & Rosen (?)

Mui rt ln: canh dai 4,1mm, kim chch 3,0 mm, bung 4,9 mm, uitrc 1,8 mm. Toan thn mau en vi nhiu bng ngang mau trng cui mi t cua thn mnh. Mi di hoan toan en vacomt vongtrng, chn khng cobng trng.


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ANH GIA TNH HNH SC KHOE CUA CTRONG VUNG D AN

Trng Ba Nhan,Khoa Y, Trng ai Hoc Can Th

Phan I: M au1.1 Gii thieu

Tram Chim va Lang Sen la 2 khu vc ac biet nam trong vung nong thoong Thap va Long An. Hai khu vc nay hien nay con gi lai 1 so net ac trthai ong Thap Mi vi at ngap nc va nhiem phen nang. Trong nhtrng khai thac ong Thap Mi va T giac Long Xuyen a mang lai hieu quaSan lng lng thc tang khong ngng. Tuy nhien, viec bao ton he sinh thai vMi e duy tr a dang sinh hoc va bao ton gien cua nhieu loai ong thc vayeu cau quan trong. e giai quyet van e nay, vn quoc gia Tram Chim vao hoat ong t nhieu nam nay. Hien nay tnh Long An cung d nh thanh laLang Sen cung nham muc ch nay. Tuy nhien do ap lc cua phat trien kinh tedan so ma viec duy tr hoat cua vn quoc gia gap nhieu kho khan do ngi(lan can) vn quoc gia thnh thoang xam nhap vao vn quoc gia e on cuchim. e giai quyet can ban van e nay can phai co chien lc quan ly, khavn quoc gia hoan chnh e duy tr chc nang cua vn quoc gia. Ngoai ra cutrien he thong ho tr cho nhan dan song vung em phat trien san xuat vaMot trong nhng yeu to gop phan phat trien kinh te xa hoi la phai am basc khoe tot e co the lao ong san xuat phuc vu cho cuoc song cua mnh.

anh gia ung mc tnh hnh sc khoe benh tat, cac yeu to nguy c co anh hcua nhan dan, cung nh cac dch vu sc khoe co san tai a phng. Thc hiese ong gop cho viec duy tr chc nang bao ton a dang sinh hoc cua vn quo

1.2. Muc tieu nghien cu1. Xac nh cac benh va cac van e sc khoe thng gap khu vc Tra

Sen,2. Tm hieu cac nguon nc c s dung khu vc nay va chat lng

nc nay,3. anh gia tnh hnh suy dinh dng tre em va cac yeu to anh hng

dng cua tre em.

Phan II: Benh Tat va Cac Dch Vu Y Te Tai Tram Chim2.1. Cac dch vu y te co san tai Tram Chim va Lang Sen

Cac xa trong khu vc vung em cua Tram Chim va cac xa Lang Sen y te rong khap tng t nh cac xa khac trong khu vc ong Bang Song Cu co tram y te cung cap cac dch vu cham soc sc khoe cho nhan dan nh kha


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thong thng, s cap cu ban au khi co benh nang. Ngoai ra moi ap con colc lng cong tac vien cham soc sc khoe ban au.

Ve dch vu y te, cac xa trong khu vc nay eu co cac dch vu y te tngCac chng trnh y te quoc gia c thc hien trong cac xa trong khu vc nay baotrnh tiem chung m rong cho tre em, chng trnh bao ve ba me tre em va ke

nh, phong chong bu co va muoi iot, kiem soat benh lao, phong chong tiela ket qua hoat ong cua mot so chng trnh y te quoc gia thc hien Tam NoBang 1.Ket qua hoat ong cua mot so chng trnh y te c thc hien tai huye

ong Thap trong nam 1998-1999.Hoat ong 1998 1999Ty le tiem chung at c cua chng trnh tiem chung m rongBCG (%) 80.09 76.14MD (%) 95.2 81.15VAT 2 lan / phu n co thai (%) 64.3 87.92So tre c chng trnh ARI bao phuTong so tre mac ARI 3329 3306So tre b viem phoi / viem phoi nang 1022 1169So tre b ARI t vong 0 2So tre c chng trnh CDD bao phu:Tong so tre mac tieu chay 1429 1316T vong do tieu chay 0 0So goi ORS s dung 3092 2274So ca lao c chng trnh phong chong lao quan lySo ca co BK (+) / tong so BN lao c quan ly 219 / 284 218 / 287So ca co BK (+) / so ca lao mi 133 / 167 133 / 183So ca co BK (+) / so ca lao c tr khoi 117 / 159 126 / 157So ca co BK (+) / So ca t vong do benh lao 3 / 6 6 / 10So BK (+) / So mau am xet nghiem 93 / 845 95 / 880Chng trnh phong chong sot retSo benh nhan b sot ret 0 4So lam sot ret c thc hien+ P falciparum (+)+ P vivax (+)

126500

143531

So lng mung c tam permetrin 3100 2200Phun thuoc diet muoi 25000 (m2) 0So mung a cap cho cac xa vung sau 0 250Chng trnh phong chong HIV / AIDSSo trng hp nhiem HIV/AIDS 18 33So ca nhiem HIV/AIDS c t van 0 4So ca t vong do nhiem HIV/AIDS 5 11Chng trnh ve sinh moi trng va cung cap nc sachSo ho co ho x hp ve sinh 10747.28% 152010.40%So ho co nc may hp ve sinh (nc gien khoan sa) 726

5.04%8235.64%

So ho co nha tam 558235.58%

545837.03

So bai cha rac c xay dng / so bai cha rac d kien 4/1233.33%

5/1241.66%

(Nguon: Bao cao tong ket hoat ong cua Trung Tam Y Te huyen Tam Non


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Phan III: Phng Phap Nghien CuPhng phap khao sat c ng dung trong nghien cu nay bao gom ca v

lieu th cap co san a phng va thu thap d lieu s cap bang phng phatnh va nh lng.

3.1. Thu thap d lieu th capD lieu co san ve dan so, cac chng trnh y te ang c thc hien ta

cac benh thng gap, cac nguyen nhan gay t vong thng gap, va cac dch vphng c ghi nhan e cung cap hnh anh tong quat ve sc khoe benh tat Lang Sen (trnh bay phan trc).

3.2. Khao sat nh tnh Phng phap thao luan nhom c s dung e thu thap thong tin cac

cho cong ong bao gom: ca nam va n, cac ai dien cho chnh quyen xa, Ban nganh oan the nh phu n, thanh nien, hoi chu thap o, ai dien cho Mat trahoi cu chien binh, hoi chu thap o, nganh y te, nganh giao duc e tm hiekhoe thng gap a phng, cac giai phap can phai thc hien e nang ngi dan.

3.3. Khao sat nh lngKhao sat cat ngang nham thu thap cac thong tin lien quan en suy dinh d

em < 5 tuoi c thc hien. S dung chng trnh EPI-INFO e nhap lieu va phphan mem SPSS e xac nh tre b suy dinh dng theo can nang/tuoi, chieu cao2 nhom tre cc oan (suy dinh dng nang va dinh dng tot) e thu thap themquan en cac yeu to nguy c gay suy dinh dng tre em e xac nh cac yesuy dinh dng tre em lien quan en kinh te xa hoi, kien thc nuoi con cua mbenh tat cua tre em va tnh trang nhiem ky sinh trung ng ruot ay.

Ngoai ra chat lng nc va cach s dung nc cua ngi dan a pquan tam khao sat. Cac mau nc song, nc ma, va nc gieng c lay vaSinh Y Te Cong Cong TP HCM e phan tch chat lng nc ve mat ly hoa, vnh chat lng cua cac nguon nc nay.

Phan IV: Ket Qua Khao SatTram Chim nam trong huyen Tam Nong tnh ong Thap. ay la khu vc v

tnh nay. Toan huyen co 20307 ho vi 93,518 ngi. Trong o n chiem 50.1%so t nhien la 1.6%. Ty suat sinh nam 1999 la 20.01%o. Con Lang Sen la 1 kh

cua tnh Tan Hng. Hien nay khu vc nay cha thanh lap khu bao ton nh Tra4.1. Benh tat Tram Chim va Lang Sen

e thu thap thong tin lien he en mo hnh sc khoe benh tat conphap khao sat nh tnh c s dung trong trng hp nay nham tm ra cac bevung em cua vn quoc gia Tram Chim va xa Vnh ai va Vnh Li Lathao luan nhom vi ai dien cua chnh quyen a phng, cac oan the nh hthanh nien, hoi cu chien binh, hoi nong dan tap the, va cac nhom phu n t


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ngheo, trung bnh, kha gia va nhng ngi dan song cac xa nay th cac bebenh thng gap nhat Tram Chim va Lang Sen.

+ Cam sot, viem ng ho hap, viem xoang:Ve mat benh tat, khu vc nay cac chng va benh thong thng nh n

v.v Viem ng ho hap cap nh nhc au, nong ho, so mui gap tat ca 5 ra mot benh ng ho hap khac c ngi dan e cap en nhieu trong khu viem xoang. Nh mot thanh vien cua cac oan the Phu c nhan xet:Bu va khoi xe a en benh ng ho hap roi th viem xoang va nhc au

Ngi dan ay cho la nguyen nhan a en benh viem xoang la do khxet nay phu hp vi kien thc y hoc ve nguyen nhan cua viem xoang. Themn Phu Tho cho la Dan ay (b) nong ho a so. Co ngi b nhc au la trieu chng cua nhieu benh nhiem trung, va khong nhiem trung. Nhnhan thay trieu chng nhc au gap pho bien o va a so trng hp bkhi c ieu tr vi cac thuoc thong thng. V vay ho cho la nhc au la be

+ Benh ng ruot:Ngoai cac benh ng ho hap, cac benh ly ng ruot cung c e

benh thng gap trong khu vc khao sat. Ca nhng ngi ai dien cho chnh quthe va ngi dan trong khu vc khao sat eu cho tieu chay la benh thng gae cap en cac benh pho bien trong vung, nhng ngi phu n xa Phung ruot ngi ln". T "benh ng ruot gay tieu chay va sot. Ngoach ra nguyen nhan cua benh ng ruot la do nguon nc khong am bao.

Benh ng ruot chu yeu la tieu chay xay ra rat nhieu do nguon nc khong

Nh vay tieu chay cung la 1 trong nhng benh pho bien trong khu vc khtieu chay th thng han cung co xay ra ay. Tuy nhien ve mc o pho biedan kha trai ngc nhau. Co ngi cho la benh nay nhieu, nhng ngi khackhong nhieu nhng nang co khi phai chuyen i benh vien tnh nh: Benh thngkhong nhieu, co trng hp phai chuyen i Long An. Ngoai tieu chay va thbenh nhiem trung ng ruot chu yeu th hoi chng l ca amp va trc trungthanh vien tham gia khao sat e cap en. ieu nay co the la do benh nay nhng mc o khong pho bien.

Benh ng ruot ngi ln. T o gay tieu chay va sot. Benh ng ruot chu yeu la tieu chay xay ra do nguon nc khong am b

+ Nhc moi va au nhc khp xng:Ngoai ra van e nhc mnh may, au nhc khp cung la van e sc kho

khu vc. Tnh trang nhc moi va au nhc khp xng hay gap ca nhng thangia. Du nhc moi, au khp khong anh hung en tnh mang cua ngi dan benh pho bien cua cong ong Tram Chim, Lang Sen. Hn na nhc moi, viethan kinh toa la nhng benh ly man tnh gay tr ngai kha ln cho sc khoe ton nhieu tien cua va dch vu cham soc sc khoe cua nhan dan.

Thanh nien mang benh nhc a so bi v man nang qua. Man nang qua ph


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o roi. Ngi gia thng b nhc moi. Chet choc th khong co, nhng anh hng

co.

+ Benh sot xuat huyet:

Cung nh cac khu vc khac ong Bang Song Cuu Long, tre em Lang Sen cung mac benh sot xuat huyet. Trong cuoc hop xa Phu c 1 thxet la benh so xuat hay xay ra sau khi nc rut. Ngoai ra sot xuat huyet lathng gap trong khu vc nay. Tuy nhien sot xuat huyet xay ra lai rai va thanh dch.Benh sot xuat huyet sau khi nc rut

That ra sot xuat huyet phat trien theo chu ky v vay ma trong nhng nachu ky th tan suat mac benh sot xuat huyet khong cao. Ngoai ra nhan xet cutham gia thao luan nhom cung khong thong nhat nhau ve mc o mac benh nngi trong cung 1 xa. V du xa Vnh Li oo hai y kien trai ngc nhau vNgi th nhat cho la sot xuat huyet nhieu va a en t vong. Con ngi thcho la sot xuat huyet khong co nhieu v khi sot th ngi ta ch con i benh vie

+ Suy dinh dng tre em:Ngoai ra th khu vc nay con gap suy dinh dng tre em. Khi e cap

dng tre em th a so nhng ngi c khao sat cho la suy dinh dng khkhong ang ke vi ty le suy dinh dng tre em toan huyen la 13 hay 16%.Con benh suy dinh dng tre em th khong ang ke v trong vong gan 700 tre hn 100 tre b suy dinh dng th co ang ke g au?

ieu nay dng nh mau thuan vi tnh trang ngheo kho c moi ngen. Tuy nhien vung nay cung gap ca suy dinh dng tre em va suy dinh (trong lng s sinh < 2.5 kg). Tuy nhien cung co 1 y kien cho la suy dinh dngchiem ty le cao. Can phai anh gia ung mc tnh hnh suy dinh dng tre ac biet nay. Bu co cung gap tre em la tuoi hoc ng.

Ngoai ra tre em trong la tuoi hoc ng con b benh bu co nhat la trbuoi thao luan nhom vi ai dien cho chnh quyen va ban nganh oan the giao vien cho biet la trong nam roi Trung tam Sc khoe Cong ong Long Anco 1 so em b benh bu co trong nha trng. Tuy nhien benh bu co chtrong nhom ln tuoi con nhng hoc sinh nho tuoi hiem khi b benh nay.

+ Benh phu khoa phu n:

oi vi phu n, van e sc khoe pho bien khu vc nay la benh phco the chiem en 30 40% hoac len ti 2/3 trng hp kham sc khoe phu na en benh phu khoa la do nguon nc b o nhiem hay do anh hng cua thuo

ay c ban la phu n thng b viem t cung tai v dung nc khong Phu n b viem t cung. ay ngheo, phu n i lam mn. a so phu n

nhieu do nguon nc, b anh hng thuoc tr sau.


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Ngoai nhng chng benh nay, rong kinh rong huyet cung co. Ben canh mac benh u nang buong trng, ung th co t cung va bu co, thieu mau do dng cung thng gap.

+ Tang huyet ap tuoi sinh e, ngi cao tuoi va hau qua cu

Them na, van e tang huyet ap cung c e cap en la tuoi phucach nhn cua 1 phu n xa Phu Tho th nguyen nhan tang huyet ap la do tiehoa gia nh. ay la 1 trong nhng nhan xet can phai c lu y v hien nay chso ke hoach hoa gia nh ang th nghiem phng phap tiem e tranh co thai.Nh an ba ang om, chch nga 3 thang map len hay b nhc au len mau. hay nhc au len mau.

oi vi ngi gia th benh tat chu yeu la cao huyet ap va nhng hau qbien mach mau nao, di chng cua tai bien mach mau nao. Nh cac thanh vieoan the Phu c nhan xet la benh tang huyet dan ti tai bien mach maungi trung nien t 40 tuoi tr len. Tai bien mach mau nao gay nen nhng hav no va co ty le t vong cao va hau qua nang ne oi vi chat lng cuocnh liet na ngi hay liet chi oi hoi phai co ngi cham soc ac biet. Ngoangi dan ve nguyen nhan cua tang huyet ap cung kha phu hp vi kien thdo i song c cai thien hn va benh beo ph. Kien thc nay co rat hu chong tang huyet ap. Ngoai ra th benh tieu ng cung c e cap en. Mang co nhng t van la van e can quan tam v khuynh hng beo ph do cahay do tiem nga co the la yeu to nguy c lam gia tang benh tang huyet ap vathi gian ti.

Nh nhc au len mau. Nhc au, chong mat, toi tam mat may, khong tnen phai en benh vien. ay a so la len mau. Nh an ba ang othang map len hay b nhc au len mau. Nh ngi map hay nhc au len

Benh cao huyet ap dan ti tai bien mach mau nao. Ngoai t vong nhng nth b bai liet nam tai cho

Benh cao huyet ap co the la do i song cua dan mnh tuy cha cao nhng hn trc. Ho b benh beo ph dan ti cao huyet ap. an ong th t nhnnhieu.

+ Benh lao:Lao la 1 benh truyen nhiem ng ho hap man tnh. khu vc Tram

Sen, benh lao van con. Mot thanh vien cua cac oan the xa Vnh Li nhado lao ong thi ky chien tranh nen cung co nhieu chng benh nh benh xumau.... Ho lao th t..". Mot ngi khac xa nay con bo sung them chi tiet chvan con xa nay vi so lng t. " Benh lao t 3 nam nay co 3 trng hp ieo co 1 trng hp chet do khong theo uoi ieu tr ung mc. Hai trng hpNgoai ra nhng ngi dan xa Vnh ai cung cho la benh lao vung naynhieu.

Ho lao th t nhng do lao ong nhieu nen met moi au nhc, ngu nghe khouong khong ay u.

Benh lao t 3 nam nay co 3 trng hp ieu tr tai tram trong o co 1 trkhong theo uoi ieu tr ung mc nen b ho ra mau chet. Hai trng hp co


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+ Tai nan giao thong, tai nan lao ong, te song:Ve van e tai nan ang lu y nhat trong khu vc nay la van e te song

cua ngi dan cung nh nhng thanh vien trong cac ban nganh oan the cath tai nan te song khong tuy co nhng khong phai la van e quan trong. Yngi dan Phu Thanh B nhan xet ve te song nh sau:

Tnh trang te song cung phan nho thoi, cung co na nhng la so t. Te sona. Te em nao i em o. Bnh quan moi nam 1 ngi. Nam nay mua nHom o te ngoai nay 1 a na la hai. Te song chet nhieu. Mua ncanh ngheo i anh bat thuy san. (Phai) loi theo giong nc, ong sanoi len chay khong kp nen b (chm) chet.

Tai nan chet uoi cua tre em co nhng khong nhieu. Mot nam co 1 2 trkho va mua nc eu co. Co khi mua kho chet nhieu hn mua nc. Na99 eu co. Song trong nguon nc nhat nh phai co.

Ve tai nan chet uoi th nhieu ngi dan ay nhan xet la te song t ch co 1 vai trng hp thoi. Bi v moi ngi eu biet bi loi ngay ca t em b

Te song t lam. vung nay th con nt t 3 tuoi tr len c tap loi roi.

That ra tre em ngay t la tuoi nho a c tap bi la 1 thoi quen tot enan chet uoi. Nh chu quan cho la tre biet bi khong b chet uoi co the la yrat nguy hiem. Can lu y rang chet uoi hau nh nam nao cung co cac xa

Ngoai tai nan te song, tai nan giao thong ng bo vung nay khong thong ng xa cha phat trien, xe co lu thong con t. Tai nan giao thong thap va khong c ngi dan quan tam e cap en. Tuy nhien tai nan lao oncon gap kha nhieu. Nhat la la ngo oc thuoc tr sau khi i phun xt thuoc. ngi dan xa Phu Thanh B cho biet:

Theo toi th tai nan giao thong t. Tai nan lao ong nhieu (nh) nhng ngi xtthng xuyen b ngat xu. B xu th ve uong nc ng, nc chanh se khoiViec ngo oc thuoc tr sau khi phun xt thuoc trong san xuat nong nghiep cunxay ra vung nay. V vay phai quan tam en van e nay. Ben canh o th ca bang xut ien xay ra kha pho bien trong khu vc nay. Nh mot ngi daB nhan xet la mac du nha nc cam anh bat ca bang xut ien nhng ngngi ta khong co viec lam, do oi. ung ra th tren (chnh quyen) au co chbang sut. Nhng hien gi th tnh trang o van tiep dien ra hoai. V du nh cam khong c v ngi ta oi qua th ngi ta phai lam.

Viec anh ca bang sut ien kha nguy hiem, Trc ngay chung toi en Vnh Li, co 1 trng hp ien giat gay chet do anh bat ca bang sut ien.cua Uy ban xa, vung Lang Sen th thnh thoang van co trng hp t vongdu xa a thc hien nhieu bien phap nham kiem soat hoat ong nay.

Tai nan do sut ien co nhng khong cam c. Gan nh nam nao cung coNgoai van e nay ngi ta con gap ung th, s gan, benh tr v.v..


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+ au mat va nga:Mot van e sc khoe na la tnh trang au mat o va nga xay ra t

Nhieu ngi nhan xet cho la nga va d ng hien nay kha pho bien va dngay. Van e nay c nhieu ngi Phu Thanh B, Vnh Li va Vnh ai enhan cua au mat va nga co the la do thuoc tr sau hay do o nhiem nguon

nga khi i tam, i lam mn co tiep xuc vi nc. Nc ti au, ngangi ta con nhan thay nga khi i xt thuoc sau.No nga g ma noi cung mnh het. Mua thuoc uong cang nga them na manh mnh b sau vay.

Tuy nhien viem ket mac mat cung co the la do sieu vi gay nen v vay cathem e co nhng thong tin chnh xac.

4.2. Hoat ong cua cac dch vu va cac chng trnh y te Tram C+ Tiem chung m rong:

Chng trnh tiem chung khu vc nay kha thanh cong. Ty le tiem chuTheo thong tin ma 1 thanh vien cua cac ban nganh oan the xa Vnh Li cchung cac loai at 98 99% tr len". Nhng ngi tham gia thao luan cac xaen chng trnh tiem chung m rong eu cho rang chng trnh nay " rat la conga cho em be thang nao cung eu, thang nao cung co het". Nh tiem chucac benh trong chng trnh nay khong con la nhng benh thng gap trong khu oi tng Mc oChnh quyen Tiem chung phong nga 6 benh tre em hang thang. Moi nam

cho uong 2 lieu vac xin Sabin e phong nga bai liet va uong tranh kho mat th rat la co hieu qua.Tiem chung cac loai at 98 99% tr len.

Phu n Chch nga cho em be thang nao cung eu, thang nao cung co

dat ti nha e van ong ba con cho em be i can hay i tiem ngNgi dan Hang thang co i tiem chung. Cho tre uong thuoc nga.

+ Ke hoach hoa gia nh:Chng trnh sinh e ke hoach c thc hien co hieu qua. Y kien trao

dan ve van e nay cho thay la nhan dan trong khu vc nay ong tnh vi hoach hoa gia nh nh "ai cung lam theo nha nc vay o". S d chng trnh la nh viec cung cap cac dch vu ay u nh y kien cua 1 phu n xa PhuCac dch vu KHHG cung cap ay u het nh at vong, chch nga 3 thang ch

Nh hieu qua cua chng trnh KHHG ma " ty le phu n sanh con thtuoi e ch con 1% ".

+ Dch vu quan ly va cham soc thai:Viec quan ly va cham soc thai nghen cung c thc hien kha tot

xung quanh khu vc Tram Chim va Lang Sen. Phu n co thai eu c kham thaiuon van theo lch nh nhan xet cua 1 ngi dan xa Phu Tho.Kham thai hoac la chch nga thai cung rat tot


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Bi v can bo y te va cong tac vien dan so "i en nha tm ngi" e ong moi phu n t luc mang thai en luc sanh "c chch nga 2 lan" va khaba lan. Nh dch vu nay hoat ong co hieu qua cang thu hut cac phu n co te e c cham soc nh la " Kham thai th i lai nha thng".

+ Chng trnh dinh dng:Chng trnh dinh dng cung c thc hien cac xa trong khu vc nay

cac chau be < 2 tuoi eu c can e theo doi sc khoe. Nhng tre suy dinh dtrnh cap thc pham bo sung e ho tr cho be. Viec "Can tre nh ky eu anngi ti nha e van ong ba con cho em be i can hay i tiem nga". V vay dng tre em ha thap nh li cua 1 ai dien cho chnh quyen xa Vnh Li nhaCan tre nh ky rat eu an v vay ma suy dinh dng tre em toan huyen la

+ Chng trnh bu co: cac xa trong khu vc nay cung ang thc hien chng trnh phong cho

muoi iot. cac tram y te eu co van ong ngi dan s dung muoi iot eTheo nhan xet cua 1 can bo trong uy ban xa Vnh Li th ty le s dung muochac hanh vinay co duy tr lien tuc khong.S dung muoi iode la 99% nhng viec s dung khong biet co thng xuyen hay

+ Chng trnh cung cap nc sach:Trc ay th UNICEF co ho tr cho Viet Nam khoan gieng cung cap n

nhan dan s dung. Tram Chim va Lang Sen cung co 1 so gieng khoan nhnc khong tot va viec bao quan, sa cha khong at nen hau het cac giengs dung c na. Ch co 1 so gieng khoan sau 300 400 m th chat lng ncbao c. Ngoai ra xa Phu c co he thong ng ong cung cap nc gis dung. Nhng ch co 40% dan co kha nang tra tien cho dch vu cung cap n

dung.S dung nc sach cung chiem khoang 40% dan 2 ap ngoai.

+ Tuyen truyen giao duc sc khoe:Mot trong nhng hoat ong cham soc sc khoe co anh hng ti tat c

soc sc khoe la tuyen truyen giao duc sc khoe. Nhieu chng trnh hay dch vhien kha thanh cong khu vc nay chng to la cong tac tuyen truyen giaNh 1 thanh vien trong ban nganh anh gia la viec giao duc sc khoe tot. Nh bo cac ban nganh oan the va nhan dan trong khu vc la viec " Tuyen truchn uong soi kha eu". Tuy nhien giao duc sc khoe ch cung cap cho ngNgay ca khi ngi dan co u kien thc th khong the am bao la ngi dan

thc hien cac chng trnh y te. ieu nay the hien ro la mac du ngi dan giao duc an chn uong soi, nhng benh ng ruot van con kha pho bien. Cong, tuyen truyen nhan dan lam nha tam e phong nga benh phu khoa. Nhcon nhieu phu n tam song trong khu vc nay.

+ Dch vu kham cha benh tai xa:Ben canh cac chng trnh phong nga benh tat th dch vu kham cha be

nay nhn chung la tot. Mot ai dien cua cac ban nganh tham gia thao luan nha


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cai g th i lai nha thng". Nha thng hay tram y te la 1 c s c ngi dan co cai g, co benh hoan au om th a ch au tien ho ngh ti la tram y te ha

+ Cac dch vu cham soc sc khoe khac:Ngoai cac chng trnh y te quan trong c trnh bay tren, khu vc nay

dch vu y te khac c thc hien nh la chng trnh phong chong benh lao, chgiun, chng trnh "nha hoc ng..

4.3. Cac giai phap nang cao sc khoe cho ngi dan nhat la phu + Phat trien he thong cung cap nc sach:

e co the nang cao sc khoe cho phu n va tre em noi rieng va cho khu vc nay th bien phap hang au la au t phat trien he thong cung cap nca cac can bo ban nganh oan the trong cac xa khao sat eu tha nhan la hNh 1 can bo ban nganh oan the Phu c e cap en viec " au t cho nc sach s dung gieng khoan sau am bao tieu chuan ve sinh cua s khoa hNgoai viec au t tram nc sach th co the ho tr cay nc cho cac cum da

co 1 gieng khoan sau hay co bien phap loc nc sach cho dan s dung. Giai qunc sach la giai quyet c phan nao benh phu khoa, tieu chay, benh ngoai day cung la nhu cau cho cuoc song cua ngi dan trong khu vc v theo 1 can bocap en la sau khi ma xuong th nc di song b phen keo dai cho en lumi cham dt.Xa Bien phapChnhquyenoan the

au t cho Phu Xuan 1 tram nc sach s dung gieng khoan sautieu chuan ve sinh cua s khoa hoc moi trng

Bien phap giai quyet benh cho phu n la co nc cho phu n khong.

Phu n Benh hoan bay gi la do nguon nc. Co cach nao loc c nsach uong e het benh hoan.

Nhandan

Lam sao ma giai quyet cho c cho ba con nguon nc sach. Thnguon nc sach.

Giup cho ba con gieng khoan sau Co thuoc kh trung cung . Loc nc sau o kh trung luon uo Lam sao khoan c cai gieng e lay nc uong. Gieng sau am

th cai o la thiet thc nhat Bay gi kiem bnh loc i chac an i

+ Ho tr cho ngui dan xay dung nha ho x hp ve sinh va nha taBien phap thc hai la ho tr cho ngi dan kinh ph lam cau tieu hp v

tam e co the giam bt o nhiem nguon nc be mat nham lam giam bt bchay tre em. Y kien cua 1 can bo Phu c e ngh can " co von cua treay thc hien cac cong trnh nay th benh phu khoa va benh tre em se giam"giup von la nham ho tr them cho ngi dan co ieu kien e xay dng cac cNeu hach toan xay nha tam hay 1 cau tieu t hoai la 2,000,000 ma nha ncen 700,000 ngan ong th cung mang tnh khuyen khch.


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ong vien ngi dan bo tien xay dng cac cong trnh ve sinh cung la bien phap nham am bao cho ngi dan s dung cac cong trnh ve sinh mot ve sau.

+ Bien phap giao duc sc khoe: Bien phap th ba la tang cng giao duc cho ngi dan co kien thc,

va nhat la thay oi hanh vi e ho thc hien an chn uong soi, s dung nc saTuy nhien viec tuyen truyen giao duc khong ch la noi xuong ma con tao " ce cho ngi dan thc hien y ngha van ong o cua mnh". Bi v "muon tuyequa th phai au t" "kinh ph e tap huan cho cac cho cac to trng phu n " ncac bien phap giao duc e ch em co the van ong nhng phu n khac thc ve sinh nham cai thien va nang cao sc khoe.Tuyen truyen van ong cho nhan dan an chn uong soi, s dung nc sach aNhng van ong th phai c s hay ieu kien e cho ngi dan thc hien y nghcua mnh.

+ Tang cng bac s ve xa, giup cho co thuyen y te e kham beMot bien phap na c cho la het sc quan trong trong viec nang cao

nhan dan la phan cong bac s ve cong tac tai cac tram y te vung nay. Hdan cung nh can bo cac ban nganh oan the tai cac xa vung sau nh VPhu c eu nhan manh ti van e nay. Ho cho la "can tang cng co Baphuc vu sc khoe cua nhan dan" va " moi xa vung sau nen co 1 bac s". Tkhi b benh th co the tiep can vi bac s de dang. Nhieu ngi con cho biet s nen nhieu khi b benh khong co tien hay khong co phng tien i len huyen, o th benh a nang roi.Can tang cng co Bac s tram y te e phuc vu sc khoe cua nhan dan

Ngoai ra th nhng ngi dan ay con muon co thuyen y te e hai thaco oan en bac s kham phu khoa cho phu n, kham benh cho ngi gia, cakien nay phan nao xuat phat t khong co bac s lam viec tai tram y te.Xa Bien phapNhandan

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