Upload
prudence-robyn-stokes
View
216
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
WWIIJapan had occupied French colonies in Indochina
Vietminh (League for Vietnamese Independence) aimed to drive out Japanese
Led by Ho Chi Minh (Communist)
Ho Chi Minh
With defeat of Japan in 1945, declares Democratic Republic of Vietnam, which France refused to recognize
1946 – after WWIIFrench troops arrive in North Vietnam
Ho’s “Viet Minh” guerrillas begin to attack the French
Engage in battle with French forces until 1954 victory
Result Geneva Convention on the Far East, 1954 Major powers agree to divide Indochina into
four states1. Ho Chi Minh to rule Communist North
Vietnam2. Non-Communist rule in South Vietnam
(Vietnam divided at 17th parallel)supported by U.S.
3. Laos4. CambodiaForeign troops left, Vietnamese to hold free elections within 2 years and reunite under government of their choice
Partition of Vietnam - resultsCut off North Vietnam from rice
supplies in Mekong DeltaMany Vietnamese living under
governments they resentedLeader of south Vietnam – Ngo Dinh Diem (anti-Communist Roman Catholic, corrupt and tyrannical)
Buddhist peasants hated him He did nothing for land reform
1957Communist guerrilla army
organized (National Liberation Front) to wage war on Diem
Called for a free, unified Vietnam
Diem asked the US for helpCommunist countries
supported the North, while non-Communist countries supported the south
US involvement Gave aid and training to the South to fight
against the Viet Cong Wanted to stop the advancement of the
Communists 15000 US troops and well-trained South
Vietnamese failed to defeat the Vietcong who ambushed and raided from hide-outs
1963, South Vietnamese army officers, tired of Diem’s poor leadership and encouraged by the CIA, staged a revolution and killed Diem
American Fears Many different South Vietnamese
governments followed, each supported by US
US viewed this as containment of communism
Wanted to avoid more communisttakeovers of Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, India, Pakistan (“domino theory”)
Escalation July 1964 – South Vietnamese boats attack
north of 17th parallel North Vietnamese torpedo boats respond by
sinking two American destroyers in Gulf of Tonkin…
Not officially at war yet, the U.S., under president Lyndon Johnson, sends more troops and conducts massive bombings on industries and supply routes in the North
They used Gulf of Tonkin incidentas excuse to massively increaseAmerica’s role in Vietnam war
“Operation Rolling Thunder”U.S. under Lyndon Johnson
Massive bombing campaign of North Vietnam –Aims
-demoralize the North Vietnamese-stop communist North Vietnam from supporting Viet Cong in South Vietnam without having to deploy U.S. ground forces into N. Vietnam-destroy N. Vietnam’s infrastructure-stop flow of materials and men into S. Vietnam
Impasse
More US troops didn’t prevent invasion from the North
US citizens watched every night on TV Saw inability of US troops and images of
Vietnamese civilians suffering Constant US bombing of the North’s villages
Napalm attack
Tet Offensive Vietcong’s offensive in Jan-Feb 1968 Fighting intensified; Vietcong beaten back 40,000 VC dead vs. 4,000 U.S. & S. Vietnamese
dead Turned U.S. public opinion against the war Brought war into southern cities Military aid poured into South by US, into North by
USSR & China
http://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war-history/videos/tet-offensive-surprises-americans
My Lai massacre (1968)http://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war/my-lai-massacre/videos
Lyndon Johnson didn’t stand for re-election- 1968 Richard Nixon (Republican) won using
platform of “Vietnamisation” - promised withdrawal, yet sent more
troops
By 1972 Only 47,000 U.S. troops left in Vietnam Withdrawal of U.S. troops gave Nixon massive
majority 1973 –ceasefire agreed with VC and North
Vietnamese Agreement: U.S. to remove all troops;
Communist forces would not extend control beyond areas they already occupied
TRICKED! Communist forces – final push on Saigon
Draft-dodgers http://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-w
ar/vietnam-war-history/videos/dodging-the-draft
The End 1969 –- Peace talks in Paris begin 1973 –- cease-fire reached American troops left South Vietnam, but
fighting continued 1975-last of the Americans were airlifted
out, Viet Cong took over Saigon, renamed it Ho Chi Minh city
1976 – Vietnam officially reunified and Communist
Death TollPerhaps 1 million VC, North
Vietnamese soldiers, and civilians
600,000 South Vietnamese soldiers/civilians
Over 50, 000 U.S. troops