· Web viewUsing your pre-reading skills, look through the chapter, look at the pictures, and read the captions under the pictures. Notice the points that are next to the problem

Name ____________________________________________________Hour ______ Date ________

Chapter 14: “Europe in the Middle Ages” (Pages 392-420)

Using your pre-reading skills, look through the chapter, look at the pictures, and read the captions under the pictures. Notice the points that are next to the problem – letting you know the worth of that particular question or direction.

Section 1: “Feudalism and the Manor System”

1. Choose one picture from this section that you found to be the most interesting. Recreate the picture and write a heading under your picture that helps explain your picture or write at least two sentences saying what you learned from the picture. Put the page number next to your picture.

2. Read the section on page 394 called “Prepare to Read.” List one objective that you should learn from this section:

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3. Which Reading Skill is going to be targeted in this chapter? ____________________

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4. Choose 3 terms with which you are unfamiliar. Write the word and the definition on the lines below:

a. ___________________________________________________________________________________

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b. ___________________________________________________________________________________

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Name ____________________________________________________Hour ______ Date ________

c. ___________________________________________________________________________________

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5. Now read the red bolded headings. These headings will tell you what that section will be about. Write each of the red bolded headings from this section on the lines below. If there is a smaller blue heading under the red one, write those headings under that line. See my examples for the first one.

A. The Middle Ages

a. The Collapse of the Roman Empire b. Charlemagne Reunites Western Europe c. Attacks from the North

B.___________________________________________________________________________________

a. _________________________________________________________________________________ b. _________________________________________________________________________________

C. ___________________________________________________________________________________

a. _________________________________________________________________________________ b. _________________________________________________________________________________

D. ___________________________________________________________________________________

a. _________________________________________________________________________________ b. _________________________________________________________________________________

Now that you have pre-read, read this section. As you read, watch for the following sentences and complete them as you come across them in your reading.

Pages 392-395 (each question is worth 1 point):

6. Soon he would no longer be a squire, or _____________________. He would be a real knight.

7. Then he felt the lord’s _______________ lightly tap him on each shoulder.

8. Knights and lords protected the less powerful people ________ to them. This system held society together.

9. Medieval comes from Latin words that mean _______. This term also mean the period in the ___________.

10. The middle Ages began with the collapse of the ___________ __________ in Western Europe.

11. For centuries the Roman Empire had provided _____________ and _______________.

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Name ____________________________________________________Hour ______ Date ________

12. Over time, however, the Roman Empire grew ________________.

13. It suffered economic and _______________ troubles.

14. Worse, the Roman Empire also suffered from _____________ by peoples from the north.

Page 396-397 (each question is worth 1 point):

15. In wave after wave, the invaders destroyed Roman towns and cut off ___________ ____________.

16. They claimed parts of the empire for themselves. Because thee peoples kept their own language and laws, they broke the bonds that had held the Roman Empire _________________.

17. By about AD 500, the Roman Empire in Western Europe had completely _______________.

18. ____________ and ___________ were in danger of disappearing from Europe because many of the invading groups could not do either.

19. One of the invading groups was the _______.

20. The name _____________ comes from the word “Franks.”

21. In 768, a skilled military leader named _______________________ became king of the Franks.

22. Soon, he ruled an empire that stretched across most of Western __________________.

23. During the time he ruled (50 years), he worked hard to keep Western Europe _______________.

24. He established _________________ and spread the ________________________.

25. Perhaps the fiercest attacks were made by the _________________________.

26. Viking attacks were a constant _________________.

27. By about 1000 AD, feudalism was the way of life throughout Western ____________________.

28. In medieval Europe, power belonged to those who controlled the _______.

29. They (nobles, landowners, barons, princes) gave a share of land, called a _______, to each vassal (could also be lord), or people who promised to follow the landowner’s laws and to ______ for them.

30. Lords promised to treat their vassals with __________.

31. Vassals were expected to raise and lead armies that would fight for their _________.

32. Many of the vassals were _____________.

33. The knights paid taxes, in the form of crops, to their _______________.

34. In medieval Europe, ____________ was a system of power and economic relations across regions.


35. A lord depended on the wealth his ____________________ provided.

36. The lord made the rules and acted as a ___________.

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Name ____________________________________________________Hour ______ Date ________

37. Like the men in her family, a noblewoman went to other noble families for ______________.

38. When her husband or father was away fighting, she often serve as “_______________” making important _____________________.

39. The majority of the people of medieval Europe were not lords, ladies, or knights; they were ________________.

40. Peasants were often very ____________.

41. They did all the work on the __________________ of the Middle Ages.

42. Most peasants were also __________.

43. Serfs could not leave the manor, or even get married, without the lords’ ____________________.

44. Although serfs were tied to manors, they were not quite _____________________.

45. Most serfs remained serfs their whole _____________________.

46. Serfs rarely ate ______________, since the animals of the manor and surrounding land were reserved for their lord.


47. Although peasants and nobles led very different lives, their reliance on the lands of the manor bound them ___________________.

48. At a manor feast, diners often shared _____________ and ________________.

49. What is a fallow field? _______________________

Section 2: “The Church and the Rise of Cities” (Pages 402-408)

1. Choose one picture in this section that you found to be the most interesting. Recreate the picture and write a heading under your pictures that helps explain your picture or write at least two sentences saying what you learned from the picture. Put the page number next to your picture.


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Name ____________________________________________________Hour ______ Date ________

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3. Which Reading Skill is going to be targeted in this chapter? ___________________________

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a. ___________________________________________________________________________________

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b. ___________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

c. ___________________________________________________________________________________

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5. Now read the red bolded headings. These headings tell you what that section will be about. Write each of the red bolded headings from this chapter on the lines below. If there is a smaller blue heading under the red one, write those headings under that line. See my examples for the first one.

A. The Church in the Middle Ages

a. Religious and Economic Powerb. Political Power of the Churchc. Church Organizationd. The Church in Everyday Lifee. Monasteries and Conventsf. Scholasticism

B.___________________________________________________________________________________

a. _____________________________________________________________________________b. _____________________________________________________________________________

C. ___________________________________________________________________________________

a. ______________________________________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________________________________

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Name ____________________________________________________Hour ______ Date ________

c. ______________________________________________________________________________

D. ___________________________________________________________________________________

Now that you have pre-read, read this section. As you read, watch for the following sentences and complete them as you come across them in your reading:


6. Even today, these huge medieval ______________ dominate towns in many parts of Europe.

7. Cathedrals were built not only to glorify _______ but to be a credit to their _________.

8. Entire communities would work for _________________ to build cathedrals.

9. The cathedrals beautiful glass windows and sculptures told ________ stories…to a population that could not _________ and __________________.

10. During the Middle Ages, nearly all people in Western Europe were Roman _________________.

11. The people of the Middle Ages were comforted by Christian belief that they would enjoy the ________________ of heaven after death if they lived according to _________ teachings.

12. The Church also told people if they didn’t obey the rules, they would be ___________ after death. The promise of reward combined with the threat of __________________, made most people follow the Church’s teachings.

13. The Church also had great ________________ power.

14. The Church gained great wealth by _______________ taxes.

15. The Church was the single largest owner of _________ in Europe during the Middle Ages.

16. People who did not obey the Church were threatened with being _________________.

17. Look at the answer for #16. What does that word mean? ______________________________________________________________________________

18. This was a serious threat because most people wouldn’t __________________ (hang around with) someone who had been excommunicated.

19. The ever-present threat of excommunication gave Church officials great _____________ in political matters.

20. The power of the church to declare temporary peace is one reason ______________ began to decline (slow down) during the 1100s.

Pages 404 – 405 (each question is worth 1 point):

21. In the mid-1100s, Northern Europeans began to build large stone churches in a new style, called __________________.

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Name ____________________________________________________Hour ______ Date ________

22. How long did it take to build Notre Dame Cathedral? ____________________________________

23. Look very closely at the diagram on the bottom of the page (404). What was the purpose of a gargoyle? ___________________________________________________________________________

24. The Church was very _______________. Almost every village had a _______________.

25. The papacy, or government of the Church, was based in ___________________.

26. The Church’s authority overlapped all boundaries of kingdoms. This gave the Church power in every kingdom, every fief, and every _________________________.

27. In the name of God, the clergy forgave people for the wrongs which they had ____________________.

28. Some religious men felt that they should dedicate their lives to God by living together in religious communities called ______________________________.

29. Religious women, called, _______________, lived in similar communities called _____________.

30. The Church helped improve the ______________________ of the middle Ages.

31. Monks were more __________________ than most people.

32. Because monks copied books from ancient times, they preserved knowledge that otherwise would have been _________.

33. Some Christian scholars studied ancient _______________texts that said people should use reason to discover truth.


34. As people felt safer, they began to __________ more and learn more about distant places.

35. Europeans began to demand such things as spices and cloth that they could get only from Africa and __________.

36. Ancient ____________ routes came into use again.

37. At first, local goods were traded in the markets of small _______________.

38. Traders gathered at convenient places…they chose important ________________ built by nobles. Before long, ________________ developed in these locations.

39. The possibility of a better life and freedom from _______________drew many people to towns.

40. People who lived in towns needed to trade for goods. They were nobles and they weren’t serfs. They were in the middle, and so it was called the middle _______________.

41. ____________ set prices and prevented outsiders from selling goods in towns.

42. Guild members paid __________.

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Name ____________________________________________________Hour ______ Date ________

43. In time, if a guild official judged that the __________________ work met their standards, he could join the guild.

44. Medieval towns and cities were extremely __________________________.

45. Their lack of sanitation…and overcrowded conditions meant that _____________spread quickly.

46. The bubonic plague (Black Death) wiped out one _____________ of Europe’s population.

47. Despite its hardships…growing cities attracted traveling ____________. Many cathedral schools became great centers of _________________________.

48. ___________________ is the code of honorable conduct by which knights were supposed to live.

49. Throughout Western Europe, traveling poets and musicians called ____________ went place to place singing about the brave deeds performed by ______________.

Section 3: “The Crusades” (Page 409 - 415)

1. Choose one picture in this section that you found to be the most interesting. Recreate the picture and write a heading under your pictures that helps explain your picture or write at least two sentences saying what you learned from the picture. Put the page number next to your picture.


_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Which Reading Skill is going to be targeted in this chapter? ________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


a. ___________________________________________________________________________________

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b. ___________________________________________________________________________________

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Name ____________________________________________________Hour ______ Date ________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

c. ___________________________________________________________________________________

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A. Causes of the Crusades a. Pilgrims to the Holy Landb. The Rise of the Turksc. Why Go to War?

B. ______________________________________________________________________________ a. ___________________________________________________________________________b. ___________________________________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________________________________

C. ______________________________________________________________________________a. ___________________________________________________________________________b. ___________________________________________________________________________



6. The crowd shouted, “_____________________________________________.”

7. Pope Urban II was calling the people of Europe to ____________________.

8. The purpose of this war was to capture the _________________________________.

9. Now, said the ___________________, the Holy Land has fallen to the ____________ and the _________________ must win it back.

10. Over the next ________ years, the Church launched _________ military expeditions called the ____________________ to capture the Holy Land.

11. The word Crusades comes from crux, the Latin word for _____________. People who carried the Christian __________ into battle against the non-Christian enemy were called ______________.

12. Since about AD 200, European Christians had been traveling to Jerusalem a city in the Holy Land regarded as sacred by _____________, ________________, and ___________.

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Name ____________________________________________________Hour ______ Date ________

13. Pilgrims, people who journey to a sacred place, wanted to visit the places written about in the _______________________.

14. In the 1000s, the Seljuk Turks took control of the ________________, and this group sometimes attacked Christian pilgrims from _________________. Then they closed the _____________ routes to Jerusalem.

15. At the same time, Turks were also conquering much of the Byzantine Empire. The emperor in ________________ asked Pope Urban II to defend his Christian __________________.

16. Mainly, Pope Urban II agreed to organize a war against the Muslim Turks because he wanted the Holy Land to be under the control of _________________________.

17. Pope Urban II had other reasons too; he wanted to gain power and prestige for _________ and ____ _____________.

18. Other reasons for encouraging the Crusades was to have control of ___________ routes between Africa, Asia, and Europe.

Pages 412 - 413 (each question is worth 1 point):

19. Peter the Hermit’s soldiers did not take the advice of the Byzantine emperor in 1096, and the Turks easily _______________________ them.

20. In 1099, the European armies captured Jerusalem, killed thousands of people, and divided the Holy Land into _______________ Christian states.

21. By 1187, a strong Arab Muslim leader, ________________ recaptured Jerusalem. After negotiating with King Richard, he agreed to reopen Jerusalem to _____________ pilgrims.

22. Christians were never able to gain control of the Holy Land, but the Crusades brought important and long lasting changes to ________________.

23. European ships that had sent crusaders and their supplies to the Holy Land returned with rugs, _________________, ______________, and _____________________.

24. Thus, the Crusades helped revive ________, which in turn led to the growth of ______ and cities.

25. When the crusaders were far from home, they needed ___________ to buy supplies because they could not barter.

26. Returning crusaders also brought new ___________ and _____________ back to Europe.

27. Arabs (Muslims) were advanced in medicine, technology, and _________________________.

(1) 28. Europeans learned how to make better _________________ and ___________ skills that would help Europe become worldwide ______________.

Section 4, “The Power of the Kings,” Pages 416 – 420:

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Name ____________________________________________________Hour ______ Date ________

1. Choose one picture in this section that you found to be the most interesting. Recreate the picture and write a heading under your pictures that helps explain your picture or write at least two sentences saying what you learned from the picture. Put the page number next to your picture


_____________________________________________________________________________________

3. Which Reading Skill is going to be targeted in this chapter? _______________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


a. ___________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

b. ___________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

c. ___________________________________________________________________________________

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A. Nation Building a. The Power of the Noblesb. The Decline of Feudalismc. The Birth of Nations

B. ______________________________________________________________________________a. ___________________________________________________________________________b. ___________________________________________________________________________

C. ______________________________________________________________________________a. ___________________________________________________________________________b. ___________________________________________________________________________c. ___________________________________________________________________________

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Name ____________________________________________________Hour ______ Date ________



1. In 1077, Pope Gregory VII excommunicated __________________. This was a big mistake because this person attacked ___________, got a new pope, and exiled Pope Gregory.

2. The success in overthrowing a pope was a hint of things to come. As later ________ gained power, they often dared to put their own wishes before those of the _______________.

3. In the 1200s, many wealthy lords saw themselves as nearly the____________ equal.

4. One reason for the decline of the feudal system was the growth of __________ and ________________.

5. Kings began to support the towns and made laws to help towns grow _________.

6. The Crusades also weakened the _______________.

7. Other nobles were killed in the _________________, and the kings claimed their lands.

8. The kings became strong enough to challenge the ____________.

9. Gradually, the large areas of Europe united under a single king began to turn into _____________ (a community of people that shares territory and a government).

10. The process of combining smaller communities into a single nation with a national identity and a national government is called ______________________________.

11. A royal _____________ united the two largest kingdoms in Spain.


12. By the 1200s, _________________ was already well on its way to becoming a nation.

13. In 1199, when _____________ became king, he quickly moved to increase his wealth and power.

14. King John ___________ people heavily.

15. On June 15, 1215, about __________ English nobleman met and gave King John a list of their demands for his cruelty and unjust behaviors.

16. A new document, the _________ _______ was signed by King John (he was forced to sign it) which limited the king’s powers!

17. As it gained power ___________ evolved into a powerful legislature and helped to unify ______.

18. Peace was not to come to Western Europe. Now, instead of nobles fighting each other, different nations went to war. A war that lasted from 1337 – 1453 was called, The ______________ ___________ _________. Hmmm… What’s wrong with the name of that war?

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Name ____________________________________________________Hour ______ Date ________

19. The 1152 marriage of King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine brought more ___________ land under ____________ control.

20. ________________________invaded France and began the Hundred Years’ War.

21. As the Hundred Years’ War dragged on, England won most of the battles, but the _______________ continued to fight.

22. Things changed for the French when a peasant girl, ____________________ took charge of the French soldiers in 1429 at the battle of Orleans.

23. The English captured Joan of Arc, tried her for _________________, convicted her, and __________________ her at the stake.

24. The French saw her as a martyr (a person who is killed for their beliefs), and her death inspired many _____________________.

25. By 1453, the ___________________ were driven from most of France.

26. On the battlefields of the Hundred Years’ War, new weapons such as the __________ and the ____________ increased the importance of the foot soldiers.

27. The Hundred Years’ War set the boundaries between England and France. The English later looked to distant ______________ for trade and conquests.

Now: Below, write a summary of what you found to be the most interesting part of chapter 14. Remember, you need a topic sentence, 3-4 supporting details, and a concluding sentence. See me if you need help with this.

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Name ____________________________________________________Hour ______ Date ________

_____________________________________________________________________________________Also, be sure you have a very neat paper! (worth 5 points)

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Documents

· Web viewUsing your pre-reading skills, look through the chapter, look at the pictures, and read the captions under the pictures. Notice the points that are next to the problem