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¿Agencias de Cooperación o Redes de Cooperación?, por Vikas Nath para el II Encuentro Internacional TIC en la Cooperación al Desarrollo.
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DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION AGENCIES
or COOPERATION NETWORKS?
Vikas NATHHead – Media and Communications
South Centre, Geneva www.SouthCentre.org
Inter-Governmental Organisation of
over 50 Developing Countries
Algeria, Angola, Barbados, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Burundi, Cambodia, Cape Verde, China, Cote de Ivoire, Cuba, Egypt, Gabon, Ghana, Guyana, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, Korea DPR, Liberia, Libya, Malawi, Malayasia, Mali, Mauritius, Micronesia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nambia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Philippines, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Uganda, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zimbabwe
« You mean, that your view of the world, your ideology about an unregulated financial market, was not right, it was NOT working? »
« Absolutely, precisely. You know that’s the precisely the reason I was shocked, because I have been going
for 40 years or more with the very considerable evidence that it was
working exceptionally well. »
Alan GREENSPANformer Chairman of US Federal
Reserve
• Honest acknowledgment of things not working in the financial markets.
• Yet institutions and agencies do not « LEARN » and INNOVATE» fast enough, and dangerously become part of the problem instead of part of the solution.
Development Agencies
who undertake
Development Cooperation
to achieve certain
Development Goals
using
Certain Tools and Methods
Development AgenciesTraditional Bilateral AgenciesSwiss, Swedes, Canadians, Dutch, Norwegians, Spanish,
British, US…
Multilateral Agencies and Banks UN Agencies, Bretton Woods (WB/IMF), Regional Banks….
Funds and FoundationsGlobal Fund (on AIDS, TB, Malaria), Climate Adaptation Fund
New / Non-Traditional Development Agencies– EU+ Countries (Lithuania, Slovenia, Estonia, Slovakia.
……..)Emerging Economies (Brazil, India, China, South Africa,
China, Gulf…..)
Development Cooperation Rainbow
Color Type Who Gets It?
RED Ideological Aid Foreign and Trade Ministries
ORANGE Commercial Aid Trade Ministry
YELLOW Pilot Projects NGOs and GOs
GREEN Environmental Aid Inter-Ministerial
BLUE Solidarity Aid Head of State
PURPLE Humanitarian Aid NGOs and Affected Parties
Development Goals
Based on priorities of development agencies
• Africa Development
• Trade
• Climate Change
• Good Governance
• Private Sector Development
• Human Rights
Tools and Methods
• Research
• Policy Advice
• Pilot Projects
• Training and Capacity Building
• Networking
• Assistance in Negotiations between North and South (UN, UNFCCC, WTO, WHO…)
Existing and Emerging Global Challenges
We are at a Crucial Juncture: one global crisis after other….
Food Crisis, Financial Crisis, Climate Crisis, Unemployment Crisis…
• The Old World Order is weakening• The New World Order has not fully formed
« There is a danger of the old world resurrecting and interfering with the
transformational processes of the present »
Finding Solutions?
• Best-Shot Method (one country provides the solution)
Global Positioning System, Cure of HIV/AIDS
• Weakest-Link (one country decides not to create global problem)
Eradication of Polio, Drugs Trade
• Aggregation Method (Several Countries Network to provide solution)
Internet, Climate Stability, Food Security, Financial Stability
NETWORKED COOPERATION IS A MUST
• No one country or agency can provide all the solutions.
• More and more solutions require participation of more and more countries.
Cost of Inaction > Cost of Networked Cooperation
Development Agencies
• OECD / DAC Framework (Paris Declaration)(Bringing together traditional + EU+ Agencies)• South – South Cooperation Framework (China-Africa Forum (FOCAC), IBSA Network)• Development Cooperation Forum(UN/ECOSOC, 2007 Initiative) to bring
together traditional and non-traditional agencies.
Development Cooperation Rainbow
RED Ideological Aid HAPPENING BUT NOT GOOD
ORANGE Commercial Aid HAPPENING BUT NOT GOOD
YELLOW Pilot Development Projects
NOT HAPPENING
GREEN Environmental Aid HAPPENING BUT NOT ENOUGH
BLUE Solidarity Aid HAPPENING BUT NOT ENOUGH
PURPLE Humanitarian Aid HAPPENING AND IS GOOD
Development Goals
Gradual Alignment is happening in development goals but little action is being taken up:
• Millennium Development Goals
•Climate Change
•Extreme Poverty Eradication
•Digital Divide
•……..
• Research
• Policy Advice
• Pilot Projects
• Training and Capacity Building
• Networking
• Assistance in Negotiations between North and South (UN, UNFCCC, WTO, WHO…)
Tools and Methods ?
Networking (Institutions)www.globalknowledgepartnership.org
Research and Policy Advicewww.insouth.org
INNOVATIVE NETWORKS
North – South
South – South or North-South-South
New Diplomacy or Diplomacy 2.0
Eg: CLIMATE CHANGE
• Climate Change is an Economic and Environmental issue.
• Country Delegations on Climate Change are drawn from trade specialists, lawyers, development experts, environmentalists….
……..in form of inter-agency groups. This
cannot happen without Cooperation Networks.
ADVANTAGES
• Everyone can contribute. You do not have to be rich to provide cooperation to others.
(Julius Nyerere: if you cannot share your wealth, share your poverty)
• Everyone can understand how they are creating the problem and be a part of the solution.
• Allows « ALTERNATIVE » Views
LIMITATIONS
• Unwilling to Network
• Network within Agencies or like-minded Agencies only
• Agencies not ready for shift from traditional North - South Power Dynamics
• …………..
Where does that lead to?
Thomas KUHN: Structure of Scientific Revolution (1962)
Science evolves through alternating « normal » and « revolutionary » phases.
Normal Phase: Puzzle Solving- within familiar science or existing paradigm
Revolutionary Phase: Thinking outside of familiar science or out of box thinking ……
…. PARADIGM SHIFT IN DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION
• Can NOT look for solutions to existing problems within existing paradigms that created it.
• Development Cooperation no longer remains a Foreign Affair but an Inter-Agency Affair.
• Transformation Thinkers in Development Cooperation.
