Virajpet Division Working Plan report from 2014-15 to 2023-24

Plan Period : 2014-2015 to 2023-2024

Year of Publication : December, 2015

By

Dilip Kumar Das I.F.S

Chief Conservator of Forests

Project Elephant MYSURU

PREFACE

The revision of Virajpet Working Plan was due from 01-04-2011. Due to various

reasons like lack of man-power support, and vacancy in the level of executive field

staff, the revision process was delayed. The inventory work of the growing stock of

forests and plantations of Virajpet division was done during 2010-2011. The inventory

was designed with 0.1% sampling intensity for natural forests and 1.0% sampling

intensity for fuel wood and teak plantations. Attempts were made to make the

prescriptions and suggestions as practicable as possible. The prescriptions have been

made strictly based on the condition of the forest as assessed from the field data

collected during the inventory work and as per the observations made during the

various field visits and discussions held with the local officers. While preparing the

plan more priority has been given for improvement operation due to present

precarious conditions of the forests. However, wherever possible approximate yield has

been prescribed for generating revenue to the state.

The draft plan(PWPR-II) of Virajpet division was discussed in the working plan

approval committee meeting chaired by Sri. G.S.Prabhu, I.F.S Additional Principal Chief

Conservator of Forests, (EWPT) (Retd) on 17-01-2013. The suggestions made during

the presentation and discussion have been incorporated and the draft plan was

modified accordingly. In this connection, I express my sincere gratitude to Sri. Dipak

Sarmah, I.F.S, Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, HoFF (Retd) for his constant

guidance during his tenure as APCCF in Working Plan Wing. I express sincere thanks

to Sri. G.S.Prabhu, I.F.S (Retd) and Dr.Ravi Ralph I.F.S. for their valuable guidance

offered during their tenure as APCCF (Working Plan). I also specially thank Sri. Kolla

Sri Saibaba, I.F.S, CCF , Working Plan, Sri. K.S. Sugara I.F.S, APCCF,

Sri. H.G. Shivananda Murthy, I.F.S, APCCF, Dr.D.S. Ravindran, APCCF and

Sri.Ajay Misra, I.F.S. APCCF for their inspiration and guidance. I thank

Sri B.K. Dikshit, IFS, APCCF for his contribution in preparation of the draft working

plan. I also thank Sri. M.S. Puttaswamy , SFS, Dr P.Shankar I.F.S. Dr Malathipriya,

I.F.S. for their co-operation during their tenure as DCF, Virajpet. I also thank A.C.Fs,

RFOs and other staff of Virajpet division. I thank Smt.Saswathi Mishra,I.F.S, and staff

of ICT wing for providing GIS maps. I also thank Sri.Gaonkar D.S. IFS, CF, Working

Plan, Mysuru for his help. I convey my special thanks to Mr.Amarnath Shetty IFS,

Additional Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (Central), Regional Office, Bengaluru

and Sri Vijay Kumar Gogi, IFS, Secretary (Forest), Bengaluru for timely approval of

this working plan.

I am also thankful to Sri K.Nagaraju, D.C.F, Sri T.Venkatesh, A.C.F, and

Sri V.Ramalinge Gowda, A.C.F who worked in the working plan wing, Mysore and

contributed in field inventory and in collection of data. I also thank Sri. K.M. Srinivas

Murthy, DCF and T.A. to CF, Working Plan, Mysore, Sri.N.E.Kranthi, ACF , all the RFOs

and staff of Working Plan wing Mysore for their assistance in the preparation of this

plan.

Mysuru

03.12.2015

(Sd/-)

(DILIP KUMAR DAS IFS)

Chief Conservator of Forests, (Project Elephant), Mysuru

CONTENTS

Section No. Page No.

Executive Summary of the Working Plan I - XXIV

PART - 1

CHAPTER -1

SUMMARY OF FACTS ON WHICH PROPOSALS ARE BASED

1 Name and Situation 1

2 Physical geography and configuration of the ground 2

3 Geology, Rock and Soil 2 – 3

4 Climate Parameters 3 – 5

5 Water supply 5 – 6

6 Distribution and area 6 – 8

7 Survey position 8

8 Working plan position 8 – 9

9 State of boundaries 9

10 Legal position 10 – 11

11 Rights and concessions 11

12 Commitments 12

13 List of past Deputy Conservator of Forests 12

14 Land use pattern 12

CHAPTER-II

THE FOREST

1 Composition and condition of the crop 13 – 19

2 Injuries to which the crop is liable 19 – 21

CHAPTER-III

UTILIZATION OF THE PRODUCE

1 Agricultural customs and wants of the population 22 – 23

2 Other sources of demand 23

3 Marketable produce 23 – 25

4 Markets and lines of export 25

5 Method of exploitation and cost 25 – 26

6 Past and current prices 26

CHAPTER-IV

ACTIVITIES OF KARNATAKA FOREST DEVELOPMENT

CORPORATION (KFDC) IN HARVESTING AND MARKETING OF

FOREST PRODUCE, RESULT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY

1 General 27 – 28

2 Socio- economic situation 28 – 29

3 JFPM Programme and Forest Resource Management 29

CHAPTER-V

1 FIVE YEAR PLANS 30 – 32

CHAPTER-VI

STAFF AND LABOUR SUPPLY

1 Staff position 33 – 34

2 Labour force 34

3 Wage rates 34

CHAPTER-VII

PAST MANAGEMENT

1 Past System of Management 35 – 54

CHAPTER-VIII

STATISTICS OF STOCKING, GROWTH AND VOLUME

1 Inventory results of naturally growing trees in state forests 55 – 57

2 Inventory results in Devarakadus (protected forests) 58

3 Inventory results of Bamboo 59

4 Inventory results of Teak plantations 59

5 Overall summary of inventory results 59-60

6 Chippinahole linear tree increment plot 61

7 Bannadapare linear tree increment plot 62

PART -II

FUTURE MANAGEMENT DISCUSSED AND PRESCRIBED

CHAPTER-1

BASIS OF PROPOSALS

1 Objects of Management 63

2 Method of Treatment to be adopted 64

3 Constitution of working circles 64

4 Allotment of areas to working circles 65 – 66

5 Period of the plan 66

CHAPTER-II

PROTECTION WORKING CIRCLE

1 General Constitution of the Working circle 67 – 68

2 Specific objects of Management 68

3 Allotment of the area to the working circle 68

4 Proposed treatment 69

5 Statistics of Growth 69

CHAPTER-III

IMPROVEMENT WORKING CIRCLE

1 General Constitution of the Working circle 70


3 Allotment of the area to the working circle 71

4 Cycle of salvage logging 71

5 Rules for marking and extraction 71-72

6 Improvement operations 72-73

7 Watershed Management & Soil and Moisture Conservation 74

8 Calculation of yield 74

CHAPTER-IV

TEAK PLANTATION WORKING CIRCLE

1 General constitution of the working circle 75


3 Exploitable girth and rotation 75 – 76

4 Thinning 76 – 77

5 Area allotted to the working circle 77

6 Thinning marking 78

7 Management of partially failed teak plantations 79

8 Tending 80

9 Identification of plantation area 80

10 Statistics of yield 80

CHAPTER-V

BAMBOO OVERLAPPING WORKING CIRCLE


2 Objects of Management 82

3 Method of treatment 82-83

4 Felling Cycle 83

5 Allotment of Area to the working circle 83-84

6 Regeneration 84

7 Statistics of growth and yield 84-85

CHAPTER-VI

WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT OVERLAPPING

WORKING CIRCLE 86 – 89

CHAPTER-VII

NON TIMBER FOREST PRODUCES OVERLAPPING WORKING

CIRCLE


2 Specific Objects of Management 90-91

3 Allotment of Area 91-93

4 Method of Sale 93-94

5 General Measures 94-95

CHAPTER-VIII

MISCELLANEOUS REGULATIONS

1 Forest land and consolidated management 96-99

2 Sandal wood management 100-103

3 Joint Forest planning and management 103-105

4 Grazing 106

5 Fire protection 106

6 Petty fallings 107

7 Research plots 107

8 Buildings 107

9 Farm Forestry 107

10 Application of Forest Management information system 107

11 Biodiversity Conservation 108

12 Afforastation and management of grassy blanks 108

13 Petty removal of dead & fallen trees 108

CHAPTER-IX

1 GENERAL FINANCIAL FORECAST AND FINANCIAL PLAN OF

OPERATION

109-114

CHAPTER-X

ESTABLISHMENT AND LABOUR 115-118

CHAPTER-XI

CONTROL AND RECORDS 119-120

1 Deviation 120

CHAPTER-XII

SUMMARY OF PRESCRIPTIONS

1 General objects of management 120

2 Constitution of working circles 120

3 Protection working circle 121

4 Improvement working circle 122

5 Teak plantation working circle 123

6 Bamboo overlapping working circle 124

7 Wildlife Management overlapping working circle 125

8 NTFP overlapping working circle 126

9 Miscellaneous regulations 127

ANNEXURE LIST

Annexure No. Page No.

I (a) Land Classification details (Village wise) Range wise as per updated

revenue records

128 – 133

I (b) Reserved Forests 134

I (c) Protected Forests 135 – 148

I (d) List of Jamma Malai Holders – Padinalknad Reserve Forest 149 – 154

I (e) Details of paisari lands (C and D lands) surveyed and proposed for

section 4 notification

155

I (f) List of Section-IV notified area 156 – 157

II Details of total geographical areas of Division and Ranges 158

III (a) Statement showing the rainfall data in Virajpet Division 159

III (b) Statement showing the Temperature of Kodagu district for the last 10

years

160

III (c) Statement showing the Relative humidity of Kodagu district for the last

10 years

161

IV Sanctioned working scheme of Virajpet division for the year 2012-13 162 – 190

V Notification of the Commissioner of Coorg, Bangalore dated :

23.4.1906

191 – 203

VI Forest leases since inception of the division and leases which are in

force pertaining to Virajpet Division.

204

VII List of deputy conservator of forest worked in the Virajpet division 205 – 206

VIII (a) Growing stock of Natural forests in Virajpet Division (CPT Wise) 207 – 216

VIII (b) Growing stock of Devarakadus in Virajpet Division 217 – 235

VIII (c) Obverse J Curves 236 – 243

VIII (d) Statement showing the natural regeneration, forestry density and forest

types in Virajpet Division

244 – 266

VIII (e) Statement showing the growing stock of Bamboo in natural forests of

Virajpet Division

267 – 271

IX List of Non Timber Forest Produce available in the division 272

X Collection of NTFP by LAMP Society since 1999-2000 to 2013-14 in

the Virajpet Division.

273 – 274

XI Forest depot-wise sales of timber and firewood in the Virajpet Division

since 2000-01 to 2013-14.

275 – 277

XII Average rate fetched per m3 for the timber and non-timber materials

sold at government timber depot,

278 – 287

XIII Socio Economic Profile of the Village Forest Committees of Virajpet

Division

288

XIV Plan progress statement from 2000-01 to 2013-14 in Virajpet Division 289 – 296

XV List of Category wise Daily Wage Mazdoors and wage rates 297

XVI Statement showing the distribution of sample plots in various reserved

forests of Virajpet Division

298 – 300

XVII List of Teak Plantations & their Growing stocks in Thithimathi Range

of Virajpet Division

301 – 307

XVIII (a) The details of species occurring in various stories 308

XVIII (b) Rate of annual diameter increment for species from Tropical Forests of

India

309

XIX (a) Statement Showing the List of Mixed kind of Plantation for the period

1992-93 to 2013-2014.

310 – 320

XIX (b) List of compensatory plantation raised in the Virajpet Division. 321

XX Guesstimates of hydrological contribution of forests of Virajpet

Division

322

XXI Statement showing the Dead and Fallen trees available in Natural forest

including Devarakadus of Virajpet Division

323 – 327

XXII Thinning Schedule for Teak Plantations during the Year 2014- 2015 to

2022-2023.

328

XXIII Statement showing the estimated number and weight of green damaged,

dry damaged bamboos

329

XXIV Growing stock of Non-Timber Forest Produce tree species in Natural

forests in Virajpet Division (CPT Wise)

330 – 347

XXV (a) Details of encroachment in forest land prior 27-4-1978 in Virajpet

Division

348

XXV (b) Details of Encroachment after 25-10-1980 and progress of eviction in

Virajpet Division

349

XXV (c) Details of Irregular Encroachment before 27-4-1978 (Includes cases

rejected by Deputy Commissioner) and Progress of Eviction.

350

XXVI Compensation given for the crop damages, injury and human death due

to wild animals since 1999-2000 to 2013-14 pertains to Virajpet

Division.

351

XXVII (a) The details of natural death of wild elephant (2001-02 to 2013-14) 352 – 353

XXVII (b) The details of un natural death of wild elephant by poaching / electricity

/ gunshot etc., (2001-02 to 2013-14)

354

XXVIII Elephant proof trenches and Solar fencing from 2000-01 to 2013-14 in

Virajpet Forest Division.

355 – 359

XXIX (a) Year wise proposed program for preventing man animal conflict in

Virajpet division from 2014-15 to 2015-16

360

XXIX (b) Statement showing the proposed year wise program/ special activities to

be taken up along the forest boundary to strengthen elephant barrier.

361 – 365

XXIX (c) Establishment and maintenance of Anti Poaching Camps / Anti

Smuggling Camps in Makut, Mundrote and Thithimathi Range

366

XXIX (d) Programme for formation and maintenance of Anti Depredation Camps

for effective mitigation of man animal conflict in the division from

2014-15 to 2023-24.

367

XXIX (e) Programme for year wise creation of new water holes for effective

wildlife habitat management in Thithimathi Range.

368

XXIX (f) Year wise programme for de-siltation of existing water holes for

effective wildlife habitat management (only in Thithimathi Range).

369 – 370

XXX List of research plots / orchards established in Virajpet Division. 371

XXXI Statement showing the residential quarters, office buildings and forest

rest house.

372 – 381

XXXII Estimated expenditure for sandalwood regeneration under

miscellaneous regulations

382

XXXIII List of checking nakas (deleted / added since inception of division also

to be given with reasons.)

383

XXXIV Particulars of Ghat Forests of Virajpet Forest Division 384 – 385

XXXV (a) Additional number of Permanent Cairns/ concrete boundary pillars to

be fixed along the Reserved Forest boundary bordering to private land

and Kerala State boundary

386 – 388

XXXV (b) Year wise programme for consolidation of forest land and estimated

cost

389

XXXVI Nursery wise seedlings raised since 1999-2000 to 2013-14 in the

Virajpet Division.

390 – 392

XXXVII Seedlings raised and distributed to public since 2000-01 to 2013-14 in

Virajpet Division

393

XXXVIII Details of thinning done in teak plantations in the Virajpet Division

since 1996-97 to 2010-11.

394 – 396

XXXIX Extraction of Bamboo done in the Virajpet Division since 1999-2000 to

2010-11.

397

XL Forest Offence Cases since 1999-2000 to 2013-14 pertains to Virajpet

Division.

398 – 401

XLI Statement showing the establishment of saw mill since inception of the

division.

402

XLII (a) Extraction of dead and fallen trees in the Virajpet Division since 1999-

2000 to 2010-11.

403

XLII (b) Extraction of Wild elephant damaged trees in the Virajpet Division

since 1999-2000 to 2010-11.

404

XLIII Statement showing the department vehicles in the Virajpet Division. 405 – 408

XLIV Statement showing the information regarding roads since the inception

of the Division.

409 – 411

XLV Statement showing the information regarding wells and bridges since

the inception.

412 – 415

XLVI Anti-poaching camps from 2000-01 to 2013-14 in the Virajpet Division. 416 – 417

XLVII Cattle proof trenches from 2000-01 to 2010-11 in Virajpet Forest

Division.

418

XLVIII Fire protection measures under taken in the Virajpet Forest Division

from 2000-01 to 2013-14.

419 – 421

XLIX (a) Statement showing the record of individual rights under ST and Other

Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 in

Makut Range.

422 – 423

XLIX (b) Statement showing the record of individual rights under ST and Other

Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 in

Thithimathi Range.

424 – 455

XLX (a) Details of Encroachment of forest lands in Virajpet division 456 – 473

XLX (b) Encroachment Eviction Details as on 25-01- 2015 in Virajpet division 474

XLX (c) Details of Encroachment of Paisari lands in Virajpet division 475 – 476

MAPS

1 Administrative map of Virajpet Division

2 Vegetation map of Virajpet Division

3 Champion and Seth classification map of Virajpet division

4 Compartment boundary map of Virajpet division.

5 Map of protection working circle in Kerti Reserved Forests, Virajpet

division

6 Map of protection working circle in Padinalknad Reserved Forests,

Virajpet division

7 Map of improvement working circle in Devamachi and Mavukal, Virajpet

division

8 Map of Teak plantation management working circle in Devamachi and

Mavukal, Reserved Forests, Virajpet division.

9 Map of EPT, CPT & Solar Fence in Devamachi and Mavukal Reserved

Forests, Virajpet division.

APPENDICES

Appendix

no.

Page No.

IMPROVEMENT WORKING CIRCLE

I Record of yield 477

I a Control book 477

I b Record of improvement works carried out 477

TEAK PLANTATION WORKING CIRCLE

II Record of yield 478

II a Control book 478

II b Record of tending operations carried out 478

BAMBOO OVERLAPPING WORKING CIRCLE

III Control of felling 479

IV NTFP OVERLAPPING WORKING CIRCLE 479

V REGISTER OF DEVIATION FROM THE WORKING PLAN 479

PHOTOGRAPHS

SpeciesNo of trees

salvaged

No of logs,poles

etc.

Volume of

timber

Out turn of

firewood

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Name of

the forestCompt no

No of the

block

Name of the

forestCompt no. No of the block

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Name of

the forestCompt no

No of the

blockYear Cost

Discription of

work

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Appendix I(b)

Improvement Working Circle

Record of improvement works carried out

Range…………………Division……………….Circle……………….for the year…………….

Locality Year of

improvement

operations as

Operations actually carried out

Remarks

Range………………….Division………………..Circle…………………for the year………….

Year

Provision of the plan Operations actually carried outComparisio

n of Results

whether

area

salvaged is

the same as

given in the

plan

Remarks

Locality to be exploited

Kind, no. of

dead/fallen

trees & Qty to

be salvaged

Locality exploited

Kind, no. and

Qty. of

salvaged

material

Compt noBlock to be

exploited

Timber/Firewood

Appendix I(a)


Control Book

Appendix I


Record of Yield

Range………………….Division……………………Circle…………..for the year……………..

Year

Locality to be exploited Results of operation

Value RemarksName of

the forest

477

Year areaNo. of poles

extractedSpecifications

No. of stumps

extracted

Volume of

timber(cmt)

Out-turn of

Firewood(c

mt)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Name of

the forestCompt no.

Year of

plantation

Plantation

area

Name of the

forestCompt no.

Year of

plantation

No of trees

actually

thinned

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Name of

ForestCompt no.

Year of

plantationPlantation area Year Cost

Discription

of work

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Range………………………………...……. Division…………………..………….……. Circle…………………….....………….for the

year……………….……….

Locality Year of tending

operations as

prescribed in


Remarks

Locality exploited

LocalityTrees

thinned

Appendix II(b)

Teak Working Circle

Record of Tending Operations Carried - out

Control Book

Range………………………………...……. Division…………………..………….……. Circle…………………….....………….for the year……………….……….

Provision of the Plan

No of trees to be

thinned


No of trees

to be

thinned

Comparision of Results

RemarksYear

Locality to be exploited

Plantation Poles Timber/Firewood

Value

Appendix II(a)

Teak Working Circle

Appendix II

Teak Working Circle

Record of Thinning Yield

Range……………...……. Division…………………….……. Circle…………………….....………….for the year……………….……….

Year

Thinnings carried out Results of Operation

RemarksName of

forestCompt no.

478

Variety Quantity

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Yield Revenue Yield Revenue Yield Revenue Yield Revenue

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Section

Paragraph

Nature of

prescription

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Appendix V

REGISTER OF DEVIATION FROM THE WORKING PLAN

Name of

the

deviation

Control book

name form

and page

Reference to working plan Nature of

deviations

requiring

Sanction order

and dateRemarks

Appendix IV

Non Timber Forest Produce Overlapping Working circle

Record of yield and revenue realised

Division………………..Circle…………………..for the year……………..

YearThithimathi Range Makut Range Mundrote Range Total

Remarks

Coupe no AreaRevenue

realised

Out turn

Bamboo Working Circle

Control of Fellings

Felling series………………………Range………………….Division…………………….Circle…………..

Year

Prescription of working plan Work actually done

RemarksCoupe no Area

Qty of bamboo

to be extracted

Appendix III

479

- 162 -

ANNEXURE - IV

WORKING SCHEME OF VIRAJPET FOREST DIVISION

FOR THE YEAR 2012-2013

CONTENTS

PART – 1

CHAPTER – I

1.0 : THE TRACT DEALT WITH

1.01 : Introduction

Virajpet Forest Division was formed during 1992 vide Government Order No.:

AHFF/83/FNG /92/ Bangalore dated 8/5/92 by carving out certain areas from the old

Madikeri division and old Hunsur division as they existed before 1992. Forest areas of

Thithimathi range especially Mavukal and Devamachi reserved forest have come from old

Hunsur division and areas of Kerti and Padinalaknad Reserved Forest of Makut and

Mundrote Ranges have come from old Madikeri division

1.02 : Distribution of Area

The total geographical area of the division is 1410.48 sq Kms and Reserved forest

area of the Division is 29499.31 Ha, Protected Forest (Devarakadu, Ambala, Mandus) is

1607.00 Ha and Section (4) notified area is 426.79 Ha. Total Forest area of the Division is:

31533.1 Ha.

1.03 : Administrations of the Division

Virajpet is one of the Taluk Place of Kodagu District. Virajpet Forest Division

comprises 2 Sub-Divisions namely, Virajpet and Thithimathi Sub Divisions. 5 Teritorial ranges

namely, Virajpet, Ponnampet, Thithimathi, Makut and Mundrote Ranges. Also includes 1

Survey Unit Range, 2 Tree Unit Ranges and 1 Government Timber Depot at Thithimathi.

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1.04 : Location

Virajpet Division is situated in Kodagu District. The boundary of the division lies

between latitudes 11°55’ to 12° 20’ north and between longitudes 75° 25’ to 76° 05’ east

of Greenwich. As per the Government order of re organization of the divisions as referred

to above, the southern boundary of the compartment number 16 is the boundary

between Virajpet division and Hunsur wildlife division Therefore the part of the Arkeri

reserved forest which is in compartment number 16 should fall in Virajpet division. But

as per the notification of Nagaahole National park vide G.O NO.FFD 195 FWL 82, Bangalore

dated 16-3-1983 the western boundary of the park runs from Kaimara along the D line of

Karnataka and Kerala states and along the western boundary of Nalkeri Hatghat and

Arkeri reserved forests till it touches the starting point of Thithimathi- Anechowkur road .

According to the notification of the National Park, the Thithimathi – Anechowkur road is

the boundary between Virajpet division and Hunsur wildlife division. For administrative

convenience the same may be continued. The total length of the forest boundary is 350

Kms of which 72 Kms constitute inter-state boundary between Karnataka and Kerala along

the southern and western sides of Virajpet division.

1.05 : Topography

The tract has mountainous configuration with rivers , valleys, ravines , spurs ect. The

tract becomes undulating and plains towards the east , while towards the west , it attains

great heights with precipitous slopes. In northwest and southwest directions it is

intersected by a chain of hills, which further project out into innumerable ridges on

either sides, losing their heights gradually as they recede further but have almost every

where sharp peaks . The general elevation of the tract varies from 100 m to 1745 m. The

highest peak of Kodagu district, Tadiandmol, with an elevation of 1745 m. is situated in this

tract . The area is drained primarily towards the east by a number of streams forming

tributaries of important rivers like Cauvery and Lakshmanthirtha

1.06 : Drainage

Major portion of the division drains eastwards into the Cauvery and Laxmanthirtha

rivers which ultimately join the Bay of Bengal. As the area is situated in the western Ghats

that receive heavy to very heavy rainfall, there are several rivulets and streams of seasonal

- 164 -

or perennial nature transecting the area and later joining the tributaries of the main rivers

Bara pole is the only important river that flows towards the west and joins the Arabian Sea.

The following rivers drain the evergreen tract of the division

1) Matre Hole

2) Kerti Hole

3) Udumbe Hole

4) Pulike Hole

5) Padaimalai Hole and

6) Nadumalai Hole

The following rivers drain the eastern plains and deciduous tracts of this division

1) Cauvery river and its tributaries

2) Laxmanathirtha river and its tributaries.

Most of these rivers originate in the high mountains covered with lush green

vegetation and have water form major of the year. But as they flow through highly rugged

terrain, they are not suitable for navigation or for assured irrigation round theyear. In

Virajpet taluk, there are a few natural reservoirs which contain water throughout the year .

These are locally called Kolly. Presence of several streams, rivers Kollies and tanks in the

region besides the open wells and bore wells mitigates the water problem in the summer

season.

1.07 : Geology

There is wide variability of soil in depth and composition in different parts of the

division. In the eastern part, especially in the Devamachi and Mavukal reserved forests,

where the rainfall is relatively less and ground is gently undulating , leaching out effect is

not there , and soils are clayey loam and deep. But in the western and southwest parts

where rainfall is high soil is literate, latrritic bright red or yellow in colour. In some patches.

they are loamy but having a sandy top layer. Areas covered with thick vegetation and

multistoried forests have deep and fertile soil. In areas receiving heavy rainfall, there exists

a delicate balance between the vegetation cover and quality of soil. In the absence of thick

vegetal cover, soils are either washed away exposing the underlying rock or have become

laterite.

- 165 -

1.08 : Climate.

The climate of the region may be broadly termed as tropical except at the higher

reaches of the hills where it is montane sub-tropical. Heavy to very heavy rainfall, high

humidity and cold nights characterize it. It may be divided into four seasons The period of

June to September is the monsoon period: October and November constitute a post

monsoon period; the period between December to February is characterized by clear

bright weather with cold night followed by summer season between March and May.

There is wide variation of rainfall in the western and eastern parts. It decreases from

west to east In the western Part, Makut and Mundrote receive rainfall of about 5290 mm

while in the eastern part, Thithimathi receives about 1000 mm rainfall. Eighty percent of

the rainfall is received during the period of southwest monsoon. However in the post

monsoon period of October –November, it also gets rainfall by northeast monsoon or due

to depression/cyclones formed in the Arabian Sea which moves towards east and crosses

over region. Some showers are common during April-May, which are locally called blossom

showers .

Temperature also varies considerably from top of the hills to the foothills. During the

cold season the temperature drops up to 10.3’C at the upper portion of hill. During the

summer season, the temperature at the foothills and especially in the eastern part rises

up to 35.0’C. But the Mean maximum and mean minimum temperature is 28.6’C and 12.0’C

respectively. In general air remains quite humid all through the year, particularly in rainy

season. Fog is also quite common in the region except during the period from March to

May.

The winds are generally light to moderate and sometimes become severe during the

southwest monsoon. Winds mainly blow between the southwest and northwest direction

during the Southwest monsoon season .In the post monsoon season. winds are mainly

northeasterly or easterly. But on some days, northwesterly winds blow in the afternoons.

During the rest of the years, winds are from the directions between north and east in the

mornings and between southwest and northwest in the afternoons.

- 166 -

1.09 : Demography of the Division

Kodavas are the major population of this area. Gowdas, Muslims, Christians, Jains,

Jenukurubas, Kurubas and Yeravas are living together.

Virajpet Division Consists of 120 Villages of Virajpet Taluk and 13 Villages of Madikeri

Taluk.

Major Crop is Coffee and Paddy. Inter Crops like Pepper, Areca Nut, Coconut, Palm

are also grown.

1.10 : JFPM :

This scheme was introduced in this division from 2004-2005. Total area recognized in

this scheme is 8720 Ha. Total area treated till date is 1830 Ha. Balance area 6523 Ha. During

2012-2013 maintenance of 275 Ha plantations has been carried out.

- 167 -

CHAPTER – II

2.00 : THE FORESTS

2.01 : The Forests of the Division in General.

The Forests of this division are tropical moist and dry types.

2.02 : Different Types

1. Moist Tropical Wet Evergreen Forest :

It is confined to the Ghats and the Vegetation forms several strata with very tall

trees. These forest in most of the areas appear to be climatic climax and are found mainly

in the

Kerti and padinalknad reserved forest Predominant species are Dysoxylum malabariicum

Dipterocarups indius, Hopea, parviflora, Mesua, ferrea, Sterculia ,alata, Canarium strictum,

Calophyllum tomentosum, Vateria indica etc.

2. Moist Tropical Semi Evergreen Forest :

It is an intermediate type between the Tropical evergreen and Tropical moist

deciduous forest types. It rather difficult to distinguish this type of forests in the field on

account of its presence in patches or along with group of species characteristic of other

types. This type is confined mostly in the foothills or flat land on soils formed from the

crystalline rocks in the Kerti and padinalkand reserved forests. The common tree species in

the upper storey are xylia xylocarpa, Terminalia, paniculata Langerstroemia lanceolata

Hopea parviflora etc.

3. Moist Deciduous Forest :

It comprises of Species that remain leafless during March and April and is seen

around the fringes , opening of lower slops and in plains mainly in the Devamachi and

Mavukal reserved forest. Important species found are Big Bamboo (Bambusa bamboos)

Dalbergia latifolia Terminalia Paniculata, Terminalia tomentosa, Tectona grandis

- 168 -

Lagerstroemia lanceolata, Adina cordifolia, Grewia tilaefolia Bombax ceiba Anogeissus

latifolia xylia xylocarpa etc.

4. Dry Deciduous Forest (5A/C3)

This type of Forest is formed by species which remain deciduous for greater part

of the year. The canopy is uneven and is not particularly dense. The growth under consists

of a few shrubs and grassy growth, which become more prominent where burning is

resorted to. Canes and palms are absent and bamboo, whenever present, is dry and

stunted .These types of Forests are found in the degraded portions of Devamachi and

Mavkal reserved forests Main species found under this category are anogeissus latifolia

terminalia chebula, terminalia Paniculata grewia tiliaefolia Albiza odoratissima Pterocarpus

Marsupium, Lagerstroemia, Parviflora , Dalbergia paniculata Zizyphus xylopyrous Randia

Dumatorum Bauhinias racemosa Diospyrous melanoxylon etc.

5. Grass lands.

The grass lands which are found in these areas, intermixed with the forests are the

result of the degradation to which these forests have been subjected to in the past. The

degradation might have been caused because of faulty management practices resulting

in loss of tree cover causing erosion or because of repeated fire and other biotic factors.

In Mundrote and Makut ranges, these grasslands are seen on top of the ridges and these

continue to exist because of annual fires. These can be classified as high rainfall

grasslands, normally at an altitude above 750 m. and low rainfall grasslands , usually at an

altitude below 750 m these grasslands perpetuate themselves because of adverse

edaphic and biotic factors

6. Swamps

These are commonly called Hadlus in the local language .These are swampy flat

lands which exist at different places in varying extents outside the reserved forests these

have been converted as paddy fields but inside reserved forests these are cultivated

unauthorizely. The current information regarding their actual number and extent in

various forests is not available In Alva’s working plan of old Hunsur Division the extent of

- 169 -

Hadlus in Devamachi and Mavkal reserved forests was assessed to be 2560 acres and

2000 acres respectively.

The forest in the padinalknad reserved forests and Kerti reserved forests can be

broadly classified under the category of evergreen and semi evergreen type. The total

area under this category is 22212.70 ha. The forests in the Mavukal reserved forests and

Devamachi reserved forests can be broadly classified under the category of moist and

dry deciduous types. The total area under this category is 7004.40 ha. In the deciduous

type an extent of 1846.15 ha is under swamps or hadlus

7. Fauna:

Variety of fauna is found in Virajpet division Rugged terrain, dense forests,

lushgreen valleys and perennial water streams flowing across the area offer ideal for wide

range of mammals, reptiles fishes, amphibians, birds and insects. But increasing human

population and consequent shrinkage and degradation of the habitat have had adverse

impact on wildlife Because of rich wildlife of the region, the Nagarhole wildlife sanctuary

(Now the Rajiv Gandhi national Park with the inclusion of some area of the Mysore district)

was established way back in July 1955 The Brahmagiri wildlife sanctuary comprising

Brahmagiri and Urti reserved forests were notified in 1974 subsequently other sanctuaries

in Coorg district viz Pushpagiri and Talcauvery were notified Although these wildlife areas

are outside Virajpet division, as these

are located very close by, wide variety of fauna is found in the division. During the

preparation of the previous Working plans of old Madikeri division and old Hunsur division

these wildlife areas were included in these division. After the reorganization of divisions,

these are independent administrative units under the control of wildlife divisions/ sub-

divisions. In spite of the fact the human habitations and cultivated areas are surrounded by

forests rich in wildlife damage caused to life and property is not so high.

The important animals are Tiger, Panther, Elephant , Sambar, Spotted deer, Barking

deer wild dog, Grey languor etc.. Other typical rain forest fauna are Nilgiri languor, Brown

Palm civet and Lion tailed macaque. In addition to these, carnivores like Jackal , Jungle cat

- 170 -

Rusty spotted Leopard cat, Small Indian civet, Common palm civet, Common mongoose,

Brown mongoose, Stripe necked mongoose are also present in the area. Birds commonly

found in these forest are Black eagle , Great horn bill, Soaring vulture , Malabar trogon,

Nilgiri black bird, Parrot, Wood peckers, Barn owls, Cuckoo, Red Winged Crested cuckoo,

Peafowl and Jungle fowl. The Honeybee is an asset in the area as it gives honey and

thereby supports the local apiculture industry . Important reptiles are King Cobra, Cobra,

Python and Russell viper .Tortoises are also occasionally seen in paddy fields and small

tanks and also in the evergreen patches of Mundrote and Makut ranges.

2.03 : Distribution of Forests:

Evergreen and Semi-Evergreen forests present in Kerti and Padinalaknad Reserved

Forest were managed by Protection Working Circle. Moist Dediduos and Dry-Deciduos

forests of the division present in Mavukal and Devamachi Reserved Forests of Thithimathi

Range, were managed by Improvement Working Circle, Teak Working Circle and Bamboo

Working Circle.

2.04 : Condition of the Forests:

COMPOSITION AND CONDITION OF CROP

Because of Marked variation in rainfall altitude , aspect, slope and intensity of

biotic interference wide range of Forest can be seen in the division past management

practices coupled with other biotic factors have changed the status of vegetation at any

places . The detrimental effects of the past have set in retrogression and brought the climax

vegetation to either pre climax or sub climax stages. Here grasslands, scrubs, savannas

swamps or inferior deciduous forests have replaced the original forests. Mostly good forests

are confined to the eastern and western slopes of the Ghats.

Sl No Local Name Botanical Name

1 Hebbalsu Artocarups hirsute

2 Vella Paini Veterias indica

3 Panda Paini Canarium strictum

4 Chora Paini Hardwickia Pinnata

- 171 -

5 Kal Paini Dipterocarpus indicus

6 Aranji Antiaris toxicaria

7 Neeli Bischofia javanica

8 Poon Callophyllum tomentosum

9 Bollurupa Eugeina gardeneri

10 Perumara Trewia nudiflora

11 Noga Cedrella toona

12 Devadaru Dysoxylum Malabaricum

13 Atha Mesua ferrea

14 Jack Artocarpus integrifolia

15 Balanji Acrcarpus Fraxinifolius

16 Pali Palaquium ellipticum

17 Irupa Hopea Parviflora

18 Kotte Sterculia alata

19 Biti Dalbergia latifolia

20 Karimara Diospyrous ebenum

21 Buruga Bombax ceiba

The middle storey generally consists of the following species


1 Pale pannu Chrysophyllum roxburghii

2 Naviladi Vitex altissima

3 Nerolthakai Hydnocarpus wightiana

4 Kartha choote Diospyros nilagirica

5 Veltha Chotte Hemicyclia alata

6 Kunge Pannu Elacocarpus serratus

7 Analthari Elacocarpus lakoocha

8 Pullichekke Artocarpus lakoocha

- 172 -

9 Amme pannu Artocarpus lakoocha

10 Kakcha paya Polyalthhia fragrans

11 Malekakkada Scolopia erenuata

12 Chooli Lansium anemaleyanum

13 Karpamara Cinnamomum zeylanicum

14 Punali Elaeodendron Paniculatum

15 Chunde Diospyrous microphylla

16 Kulurmavu Machilus macarntha

The under storey consists of the following species


1 Kadchorange Limonia acidissima

2 Bhatha Macaranga Peltata

3 Udthale Memecylan edule

4 Lavate Pannu Allophyllus cobbe

5 Nakki Vitex negundo

Canes


1 Kirubetha Calamus Psedotenuis

2 Halubetha Calamus laxmanae

3 Handibetha Calamus thwaitessi

4 Ontibetha Calamus travancoricus

5 Nagabetha Calamus flagellum

6 Sukku Betha Calamus Karnatakanses

7 Meese Betha Calamus lassiferous

- 173 -

Reeds

Sl No Local Name

1 Ochlandra Rheedii

2 Ochlandra travancorica

Other Species of under growth which dominate these forests are:


1 Kurunji Strobilanthus Spcies

2 Webera Webera corymbosa

3 Mundachekke Pandanus Tectorius

4 Uppila Macaranga roxburghii

5 Taggi or Gowri Clerodendron infortunatum

6 Parivallam Callicarpa lanata

7 Maleangare Leportra crenulata

8 Kowri Helictres isora

The mixed deciduous forests, which are found in Thithimathi range comprise of

species that remain leafless during December to June and are seen around the fringe

openings of lower slopes and in plains. The species composition of this area is as follows.


1 Thega Tectona grandis

2 Beete Dalbergia latifolia

3 Honne Pterocarpus marsupoum

4 Nandi Lagerstroemia lanceolate

5 Noga mara Cedrella toona

6 Karadi Chuckrassia tabularis

- 174 -

7 Thadasalu Grewia tilaefolia

8 Mathi Terminalia Tomentosa

9 Uluve Terminalia Paniculata

10 Thari Terminalia bellerica

2.05 : Ecological Fragile Areas and Wildlife

In Thithimathi Range of Virajpet Division as per the Scheduled Tribes and other

traditional forest dwellers Act 2006 (Recognition of Forest Rights) and Rule 2008

“Hakkupathras” were issued to Tribals in 9 Haadis within the Mavukal and Devamachi

Reserved Forest. Hence the Wild Elephants are disturbed and living outside the forest areas.

With this, lot of crop damage and human deaths and Elephants death also takes place.

2.06 : Degraded Areas

Due to Cattle grazing, Bamboo Flowering and Forest Fires some areas of Mavukal

and Devamachi Reserved Forests are degraded. Action has been taken for afforestation in

these areas.

2.07 : Plantation Details:

Sl No

Range Year Scheme Area No of Species

Planted

No of Plants

Survived Remarks

1 Makut 2011-2012

TFC 25 Ha 10000 Mixed Species

80 %

Makut 2011-2012

DDF 23 Ha 25000 Mixed Species

80 %

2 Mundrote 2011-2012


80 %



80 %

4 Thithimathi 2011-2012


70 %



70 %

- 175 -

Thithimathi 2011-2012

FDF 84 Ha 62000 Mixed Species

70 %

Thithimathi 2011-2012

GUA 2 Ha 400 Mixed Species

70 %

Total 194 Ha

153950 Mixed Species

Sl No

Range Year Scheme Area No of Species

Planted

No of Plants

Survived Remarks

1 Makut 2012-2013

FDF 100 Ha

62500 Mixed Species

80 %

2 Makut 2012-2013

Bamboo Mission

25 Ha 10000 Bamboo Plants

80 %


FDF 90 Ha 56250 Mixed Species

80 %


Bamboo Mission

25 Ha 10000 Bamboo Plants

80 %



75 %


Roadside TSP

3 Ha 660 Mixed Species

75 %

Total 263 Ha

161410 Plants

2.08 : Dependency of Peoples

In Thithimathi Range of Virajpet Division as per the Scheduled Tribes and other

traditional forest dwellers Act 2006 (Recognition of Forest Rights) and Rule 2008

“Hakkupathras” were issued to Tribal in 9 Haadis within the Mavukal and Devamachi

Reserved Forest. The total number of “Hakkupathras” issued is 262 families to an extent of

154.643 Ha. The population of these HADIS is about 2000 Peoples who depend on forest for

Firewood, Small Timber, Bamboos. They allow their Cattle for grazing in the forest. Other

- 176 -

than these peoples in around the border of the Forests depends for Firewood, Bamboos,

Small Timber and grazing of their Cattle’s in these Forests.

2.09 : Utilization of Produces:

In Devamachi and Mavukal Reserved Forests, The Tribal collects Minor Forest

Produce like Seegekai, Honey, Dalchinni Leaves and Tree Moss. The LAMPS, Thithimathi

collects those MFPs from the Tribals and pay reasonable price to them and make them

involve in forestry activities. The quantity extracted during last working plan period is given

below:

Year No. of MFPs

Collected*

Revenue to the LAMPS

(Rs)

Revenue to the

Govt. (Rs.)

Regeneration fund by

LAMPS (Rs.)

2000-01 --- --- ---

2001-02 3 4133042.00 100/- ---

2002-03 3 3878282.00 100/- ---

2003-04 5 2222400.00 100/- 26370.00

2004-05 4 2132724.00 100/- 2835.00

2005-06 3 1981241.00 100/- ---

2006-07 3 1305000.00 100/- ---

2007-08 4 845960.00 100/- ---

2008-09 4 1312650.00 100/- ---

2009-10 4 1429500.00 100/- ---

2010-11 3 291494.00 100/- ---

- 177 -

PART – II

CHAPTER – 1

3.0: Past Management

3.01: Working Circles of Previous Working Plans

1. Protection Working Circles.

This working circle consists of evergreen and semi evergreen areas falling in the

Makut and Mundrote ranges. Besides the reserved forests areas it also includes the paisari

lands transferred to forest department and which have the similar vegetation. The total area

under this working circle is 25248.11 ha. No Logging including removal of dead and fallen

trees will be carried out. This restriction will however not apply to dead and fallen trees of

Rosewood, White Sedar and Ainy which will be salvaged as and when found during the dry

season.

2. Improvement Working Circle.

This working circle consists of moist and dry deciduous forests of Thithimathi

range, which are not under the teak plantations. It also includes small portion of

paisari lands, which are adjoining to these forests and have similar vegetation. The

total area under this working circle is 4777.59 ha.

The felling cycle is 10 years. The block area that is taken as a coup after the

removal of dead and fallen materials will be taken off for improvement operations.

The extent of the area will be treated by the Gap planting / Under planting ,Tending

Operations, Protection or by their Combination in a block should not exceed 100 Ha.

3. Teak Plantation Working Circles

This working circle consists of teak plantation area in the Devamachi and

Mavukal reserved forests. Total extent of this working circle is 2309.04 ha.

In the past, thinnings were prescribed in the teak plantations by taking into

account the average site quality class of the area. In Somaiah’s plan six thinnings

were prescribed at the age of 6th, 12th, 20th, 28th, 38th and 50th year. All the thinnings

were selective in nature and by the end of final thinnings at the age of 50th year total

number of stems to be retained were between 175 to 190 per ha. But in Alva’s plan

(1978-79 to 2002-03) only five thinnings were prescribed. The first two thinnings

- 178 -

were mechanical cum silvicultural and other three were silvicultural thinning.

Though the number of stems to be retained after the final thinning as prescribed in

Alva’s plan is more, the same is being adopted in the present plan as the excess

number of stems will compensate towards damages caused by wild elephants, which

is quite common in this area. The details of the thinnings regime recommended are

given below: -

1. First mechanical cum silvicultural thinning at the 6th year by retaining about

1700 – 1800 trees by marking the stems silviculturally in the alternative

diagonals. Second mechanical cum silvicultural thinning at the12th year by

retaining about 1000 – 1100 trees by marking the stems silviculturally in the

alternate lines. First silviculture thinning at the 18th year (leaving about 700 to

800 stems/ha).

2. Second silviculture thinning at the 30th year (leaving about 500 to 550

stems/ha).

3. Third silvicultural thinning at the 38th year (leaving about 300 to 350

stems/ha).

4. An elite thinning at the age of 80th year (leaving about 150 trees/ha)

Elephant damaged teak trees may be extracted every year.

4. Bamboo Overlapping Working Circle

This working circle consists of moist and dry deciduous areas of Thithimathi

range. It also includes a small portion of Paisari lands that are surrounding to these

forests and have similar vegetation. The total area of this working circle is 4777.59

ha.The Government of Karnataka, vide Letter No: APAJI 223 FDP 2010, Dated:

06/01/2011 ordered The Karnataka State Forest Industries, to extract about 500 tons

of the Flowered and dried Bamboos available in Thithimathi Range. The Corporation

not yet extracted the dried Bamboos. Now Most of the Bamboos are deteriorated.

Action may be taken to extract Bamboo by inviting tenders.

- 179 -

5. Minor Forest Produce Overlapping Working Circle

This working circle consists of all the forest and non-forest government lands.

It also includes all other lands where the forest department exercises the control

over the tree growth. The total area under this working circle 80815.95 ha.

Earlier the division was disposing MFPs through a lease agreement with

LAMPS on upset rate basis. In pursuance of the GO No. FEE 10 FDP 2001, dated 20th

July, 2001, the rights for collection of the MFP in the division have been given to the

LAMPS Thithimathi, on an annual lease rent of Rs.100. Consequently the LAMPS has

been collecting and disposing the MFPs.

The Species of MFPs Collected are

1. Seegekayi, 2. Honey, 3. Tree Moss, 4. Antuwala, 5. Honey Wax, 6. Soap Nut,

7. Cashew, 8. Booruga Flower.

The GO also mandates that 25 % of the net profits realized by the LAMPS shall be

earmarked for regeneration/improvement of the MFP. The regeneration works are to be

carried out by the LAMPS in consultation with the Forest Department. LAMPS has deposited

during 2003-04 and 04-05 (pertaining to period upto 04-05) a sum of Rs. 29205/-.

Regeneration works are to be taken up utilizing this amount.

3.02 : Treatment of Area

1. Protection Working Circle

Makut and Mundrote Ranges of this Division comes under this working circle

and the area is 25248.11 Ha. Due to Non Availability of Timber and Road Facilities

extraction was not carried out.

Progress of Treatment: Regeneration works like gap planting, Seed

siaing, Plantings of canes and bamboos has been taken up. The details of

planting works here under.

- 180 -

Sl No Name of

the Range Year Extent

Expenditure

(Lakhs) Remarks

1 Makut 2000-01 - -

2 2001-02 - -

2002-03 - -

2003-04 - -

2004-05 75-00 3-000

2005-06 - -

2006-07 40-00 1-943

2007-08 245-00 6-983

2008-09 120-00 4-733

2009-10 157-50 7-663

2010-11 125-00 14-47

Mundrote 2000-01 20-00 1-196

2001-02 - -

2002-03 34-00 1-737

2003-04 - -

2004-05 50-00 2-332

2005-06 130-00 2-251

2006-07 86-47 7-143

2007-08 175-00 6-085

2008-09 225-00 8-851

2009-10 155-00 8-112

2010-11 35-00 2-117

2. Improvement Working Circle

1.1.1. Implementation of the prescriptions: Being done as per the allotted

aforestation works or treatment of the area from 2000-2001 to 2003-2004 no

- 181 -

salvage could be taken up. Salvaging observations started from 2004-2005

onwards as per availability of funds.

Salvaging operations: Salvaging of dead and fallen has been carried

out during 2001-02, 2002-03, 2003-04, 2004-05, 2005-06 and 2006-07, 2007-

08, 2008-09, 2009-2012, 2011-2012. The details of extraction are as follows.

Improvement and regeneration operations: In the area salvaged

during 2004-05, regeneration operations in the form of gap planting was

carried out over 52 ha under DDF scheme during 2004-05. The delay was due

to late release of funds. Subsequently, improvement operations have been

taken up in the areas allotted to the Working Circle as given below:

Year Area salvaged Quantity extracted

Revenue realized (Rs.)

Area Worked

(ha)

2001-02 CPT 16, Coup No 1 809.052 M3 9708624.00 507.50

2002-03 CPT 16, Coup No 2 338.099 4395287.00 435.00

2003-04 Nil Nil Nil

2004-05 CPT 19, Coup No 4 Nil Nil

2005-06 Nil Nil Nil

2006-07 CPT 18, Coup No 6 748.550 6267375.00 487.50

2007-08 CPT 19, Coup No 8 673.598 19788182.00 1283.00

2008-09 CPT 19 & 18 Coup

No 8,9 410.708 11599406.00 1065.00

2009-10 CPT-19, Coup No 7 677.50 21944670.00 500.00

2010-11 CPT-19, Coup No

10 Not Carried

Out

- 182 -

Year Place CPT No Area Scheme Species

2005-06 Singanur 16 52 DDF Bamboo & Misc

2005-06 Singanur 16 100 KSFMBC Seed dibbling, soil working to natural plants, Tending

SMC.

2006-07 Devamachi Coup

no 1, 2 70

M-1, 3 & 4.

KSFMBC

Seed dibbling, planting, soil working to natural plants, Tending SMC.

2006-07 Chennangi Coup no 10,

4 95

M-1, 3 & 4.

KSFMBC


2006-07 Maldhare Coup no 7

95 M-1, 3 &

4. KSFMBC


2007-08

Bhadragola, Chennangi, Maldare,

Chennanakote

Coup no 7 &

8

50 75 75 50

250

M-1, 3, 4 &5

KSFMBC


2008-09

Devamachi Chennanakote

Bhadragola Maldare

Chennangi

CPT 16 CPT 18 CPT 16 CPT 19 CPT 18

12.50 100.0

120.00 95.0

90.00 417.50

DD7 M 2 & 3

of KSFMBC

M Q 3,4,5

M 2,3,4,5

M 2,3,45

Mixed & Misc Mixed & Misc Mixed & Misc Mixed & Misc Mixed & Misc

2009-2010

Devamachi CPT-16 25-00 KSFMBC Mixed

2010-2011

Akkimala CPT-16 30-00 KSFMBC Mixed

Devamchi CPT-18 35-00 KSFMBC Mixed

- 183 -

3. Teak Plantation Working Circle

Sl no

Year

As per WP (from thinning) Actual Removals (Elephant

damaged stems) Revenue (in Rs.)

Yield Revenue (in

Rs.) Yield

Poles (nos)

Timber (m)3*

Timber Poles Poles**

(nos) Timber

(m)3 FW Timber Poles

1 2000-

01 12640 766.39 --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

2 2001-

02 15682 930.60 --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

3 2002-

03 26863 805.95 --- --- 6060 --- --- ---

1272600.00

4 2003-

04 25996 1182.43 --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

5 2004-

05 22005 1563.20 --- --- 4056 36.686 ---

1100580.00

554034.00

6 2005-

06 29002 1397.53 --- --- 10009 127.131 ---

3813930.00

1576100.00

7 2006-

07 13686 1439.82 --- --- --- Nil --- ---

---

8 2007-

08 6780 368.75 --- --- --- Nil --- ---

9 2008-

09 9034 371.00 --- --- 12392 168.042 -

8738000

836482.00

10 2009-2010

10218 323.168 405000

0.00 2021000.0

0

11 2010-2011

2210 33.911 2310100.00

1122200.00

(Notes: *: Timber is from the bottom portion of the poles)

The removal of elephant damaged trees is done by going over the entire area of

teak plantations in each compartment. The figures have been aggregated for the

entire compartment with details of extractions from individual plantations being

not maintained. Consequently it is difficult to ascertain the actual removals from

each plantation, to relate to the existing plant population. Hence it is advisable to

make enumeration lists of elephant damaged trees plantation wise at least

hereafter, to enable recording of yield from each plantation.

- 184 -

4. Bamboo Overlapping Working Circle

Progress of implementation: Contrary to the expectations, there has been no

greagarious flowering of bamboo so far. During the plan period so far, bamboo

areas have not been worked at all, except removals of bamboo for meeting the

demand for retail supply to medars, as ordered by the Conservator of Forests. The

prescribed and actual working is given below:

Year Area to be worked (ha) in FS Total (ha) Actual worked ext (ha)

Devamachi Mavukal

2000-01 Comp I --- 1565.12

2001-02 --- Comp II 1565.12

2002-03 Comp III --- 1565.12

2003-04 --- Comp I 1565.12

2004-05 Comp II --- 1565.12

2005-06 --- Comp III 1565.12

2006-07 Comp I --- 1565.12

2007-08 --- Comp II 1565.12

2008-09 Comp III --- 1565.12

2009-10 Comp I 1565.12

2010-11 CompII 1565.12

Extraction of Bamboos: Extraction Green big bamboo has been done on a

very small scale mainly from coupe 2 and 3 of Anechowkur FS (CPT 16, 17, 18 and

19) to meet the demands of medars & locals, as sanctioned by the CF, Kodagu circle.

The details of the extraction are as under:

Year Green bamboo (Big) extracted,

(nos) Revenue (Rs.)

2001-02 320 16551.00

- 185 -

2002-03 860 18690.00

2003-04 980 47695.00

2004-05 1705 57787.00

2005-06 2207 53972.00

2006-07 3985 87779.00

2007-08 3480 64707.00

2008-09 4606 72537.00

2009-10 3321 66463.00

2010-11 7385 168690.00

The non-working of the areas has been attributed to the following reasons:

The extraction scheduled for 2000-01 and 2001-02 could not be done due to

non-existence of approved working plan and late receipt of the approval of the

working plan, respectively.

3.03 Working Series Maps

Working Series Maps of previous working plans is provided

- 186 -

CHAPTER III

PROPOSALS

4.0 PROPOSALS

4.01 Justification for Proposals:

1. Improvement Working Circle: In Devamachi & Mavukal Reserved Forest the

dead and fallen timber has to be extracted otherwise during Dry Season Fire

occurance cause lot of damage to forest.

2. Protection Working Circle: The Makut & Mundrote ranges areborder area of

Kerala State. Dead&Fallen Rosewood, White Cedar and Aini trees has to be

extracted to prevent smuggling. In Makut range in CPT 30 Teak & Andaman

Padak Trees planted were found dead & fallen. These trees has to be extracted

to prevent Smuggling.

4.02 Dead and Fallen Extraction:

Salvaging operations: Salvaging of dead and fallen has been carried out during

2001-02, 2002-03, 2003-04, 2004-05, 2005-06 and 2006-07, 2007-08, 2008-09,

2009-10 and 2010-11. The details of extraction are as follows.

Year Area salvaged Quantity extracted

Revenue realized (Rs.)

Area Worked

(ha)

2001-02 CPT 16, Coup No 1 809.052 M3

9708624.00 507.50

2002-03 CPT 16, Coup No 2 338.099 4395287.00 435.00

2003-04 Nil Nil Nil

2004-05 CPT 19, Coup No 4 Nil Nil

2005-06 Nil Nil Nil

2006-07 CPT 18, Coup No 6 748.550 6267375.00 487.50

2007-08 CPT 19, Coup No 8 673.598 19788182.00 1283.00

2008-09 CPT 19 & 18 Coup

No 8,9 410.708 11599406.00 1065.00

2009-10 CPT 19 Coup No 7 677.50 21944670.00 500.00

2010-11 Not Carried Out

- 187 -

During 2012-2013 extraction of dead and fallen trees to be taken in left over coups

No5 & 10 of the previous sanctioned working plan and coup No 1 of present working plan

tobe sanctioned.

Sl No Range CPT No Coup No Extent (in Ha) Yield (Appr in m3) Remarks

1 Thithimathi 16 5 275.00 200 m3

2 Thithimathi 17 10 585.00 400 m3

3 Thithimathi 16 1 507.50 350 m3

4.03 : Bamboo Extraction: The Government of Karnataka, vide Letter No: APAJI/223/FDP/

2010, Dated: 06/01/2011 ordered The Karnataka State Forest Industries, to extract

about 500 tons of the Flowered and dried Bamboos available in Thithimathi Range.

The Corporation not yet extracted the dried Bamboos. Now Most of the Bamboos

are deteriorated. Action may be taken to extract the Bamboos by inviting Tenders.

4.04 : In Virajpet Division Plantations are not available for extraction.

4.05 : Teak Thinning: During 2012-2013 the thinning of 1981 and 1982 teak plantation of

Thithimathi Range are identified. Details given below

Year of Plantation Area CPT Total No of Trees per Ha II nd Silvicultural Thinning

1981 20 Ha 17 922

1982 20 Ha 17 922

About 2000 numbers of Elephant damaged trees from various Teak Plantations to be

extracted.

4.06 : NTFP Collections: Earlier the division was disposing MFPs through a lease agreement

with LAMPS on upset rate basis. In pursuance of the GO No. FEE 10 FDP 2001, dated

20th July, 2001, the rights for collection of the MFP in the division have been given to

the LAMPS Thithimathi, on an annual lease rent of Rs.100. Consequently the LAMPS

has been collecting and disposing the MFPs. Extraction of NTFP are excluded in

Wildlife areas.

- 188 -

4.07 : JFPM Plantation Extractions:

In Virajpet Division JFPM Plantations are not available for extraction.

4.08 : Plantation Works:

As per the 5th objective of Management of the protection working circle, namely

To rehabilitate the degraded forests by providing effective protection and

supplementing the regeneration by artificial means wherever necessary and also as

per the third proposed treatment in regeneration work like Gap Planting, Plantng of

Canes are to be taken up in suitable areas in the Makut and Mundrote Range. The

below mentioned planting activities are proposed for the year 2012-2013 along with

the regular maintenance of previous year plantations already raised in these two

ranges. Also the areas are marked in the maps enclosed.

Sl No

Range Details of Advance Works Proposed

CPT No

Area in Ha

Scheme

1 Mundrote Gap Planting 55 75 Ha TFC

2 Mundrote Gap Planting 56 75 Ha TFC

3 Makut Gap Planting 39 100 Ha TFC

4 Makut Gap Planting 40 150 Ha TFC

5 Makut Gap Planting 44 100 Ha FDF

6 Thithimathi Gap Planting 18 50 Ha KFDF

7 Thithimathi Gap Planting 18 143 Ha TFC

4.09 : Logging Works in the protection working circle.

In page no 53 of the working plan of Virajpet Division, the proposals for the

treatment of Protection working circle is spelled off. In that the first condition it has

been said that no logging operations including renewal of dead and fallen is

permitted but the restriction is released for in section mentioned 3 trees like

Rosewood, White Cedar, Aini (Artocarpus Hirsuta) with specified coordination or

how to extract them. Mainly because of their economic importance and also to avoid

smuggling of these valuable species.

- 189 -

In the same para it is said that there is an extent of 8.24 Ha of Teak

Plantations which has almost covered with natural vegetation. But some of these

teak trees are dead standing or wind fallen and are located very close to the main

road. There by ??? for smuggling. Hence it has been proposed these valuable teak

trees which are with windfallen or dead standing can be salvaged for protection from

smugglers and also to use this valuable species. A detailed enumeration list of these

deadstanding and windfallen trees are enclosed herewith.

Also we have plantation of Andaman Padak (Pterocarpus dalbergides) in

Makut Range. These plantations are of the year 1913, 1914, 1931, 1935 & 1983-84.

Most of these trees are also either dead standing or partially dead with no

more effective Growth production. We do not have a rotation fixed for species.

Hence it is also been proposed to extract these dead standing or partially dead trees

by not degrading the surroundings vegetation at the time of extraction. A detailed

enumeration list of this is also enclosed along with for further needful. The map of

the plantation area is also enclosed along with for further needful.

Extraction of Dead and Fallen Teak Trees in Makut Range:

Sl No Range CPTNo Year of Plantation Extent Species

1 Makut 30 1951 4.24Ha Teak

2 Makut 30 1913-14 15 Ha Andaman Padak

3 Makut 30 1931 2.5 Ha Andaman Padak

4 Makut 30 1935 5 Ha Andaman Padak

5 Makut 30 1983-84 5 Ha Andaman Padak

Further the extraction of Rosewood, White Cedar, Aini and Irpu Trees in

Makut and Mundrote approximate quantity 100 m3.

- 190 -

4.10 : Fire Protection:

During 2011-2012 Rs. 4.187 Lakhs spent for 2886 Man Days for fire watchers

to prevent forest fire in this Division. Further 120 Kms of New Fireline are created.

For the year 2012-2013 the following works are prescribed.

Fire watchers = 810 Man Days

Maintenance of old firelines = 105 Kms

4.11 : SMC Works

In this division formation of 1500 gullychecks and excavation of 1000

perculation tanks proposed for the year 2012-2013.

4.12 : Any Other Miscellaneous Issues:

Nil

191

Annexure V

The Commissioner of Coorg Notification

Bangalore, the 23rd, April 1906

No. 35. The Chief commissioner of coorg is pleased to declare under the provision of section 19

of the Indian Forest Act (VII of 1878) that from the 15th June 1906, the area the boundaries of

which are set forth in the schedule appended to this notification, will be constituted a Reserved

Forest.

SCHEDULE

Province Taluk Name of Forest Description of Boundaries

Coorg Padinalknad Padinalknad Ghat

North:- The reserve boundary starts on the Madathamalai hill slope about two and a half furlongs

to the hill peak known as Kuthangipillu motte; thence east along the top of a ran of hill- peaks

known as perumangala betta, Mudaikal betta beakal motte or Karagegotu parambu, Kurikolli

motte or thungapare hill and Erolappadee motte hill to the summit of the Brahmagiri or Tala

Cauvery hill. (This boundary forms part of the southern boundary of Pattighat reserve already

notified in the Coorg Gazette parts I and II dt. Ist June 1904).

East:- Thence following the watershed between the plateau and the ghats it proceeds south for

330 yards to a hill summit, then south-east for 130 yards to hill called Agnigiri on the boundary

between survey nos: 2-2 and 2-3 of Cherangala village, thence south for one and a half miles to

the Kanangundi betta T.S. being on the boundary of the Cherangala and Mundroute village

thence continuing along the same watershed east south-east for about 2 miles and 6 furlongs to a

peak from which the Cherangala village boundary turns north; thence south-east following the

same watershed for about 1 mile and 1 furlong to the summit of a hill known as a Ahnamunda

T.S on the boundary between Pulikote and lyengeri village; thence along the same ridge in a

generally south-eastern direction for about a half mile to the well known hill called Higgsthappa

Devara bane; then in the same direction for about 3 miles to the hill known as the Perur point;

thence along the same hill range southern south-west for two and a half furlong to a hill peak and

then south-east for furlongs to the boundary between lyengeri and Naladi villages; thence

crossing that boundary it continues along the same watershed for about 23/4 miles excluding a

Genimalai called Pulatakandi survey no:28 of the Naladi village on the north and a coffee

Saguvalimalai survey no:76 of Naladi village called Oomalai madu motte thundu to the

southwest corner of the latter. Upto this points the eastern boundary of the reserve coincides

with the watershed between the streams draining the plateau and the ghats of the Province.

Thence eastwards along the southern boundary of survey no: 76 and crossing the Kakkabe river

for 6 furlongs to a hill top thence south and east along the top of a small ridge for one mile to the

village boundary of Naladi and Yavakapadi were the line again strikes the watershed above

mentioned. Thence following the watershed east for about 13/4 miles and then east south-east

192

for about 2 miles and 5 furlongs to the well known Kabbe motte T.S. thence along the watershed

for one and a half miles to the Katotipadantu malai, and for 6 furlongs to the Swami betta T.S.

thence south-east and east along the same watershed for 6 furlongs to a prominent hill top on the

Taluk boundary of yadennalknad then leaving the watershed the line follows the latter boundary

first south-east then south-west to where it joins the Malabar district boundary. '

South and West: Thence the Coorg - Malabar district boundary for 42 Miles and 4 Furlongs to

the starting point.

Remarks

A. The following area enclosed within the Reserve have been admitted as either free from

reservation or subject to various rights.

1. Kodange malai estate enclosure survey no:4-13 of Mundrotu village area 301-40

acres. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W.No.2 of Mundrotu village.

II. Kodange malai estate enclosure survey no: 4-15 of Mundrotu village area 26.40

acres. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 2 of Mundrotu village.

Ill. Puthaither malai enclosure are 491.31 acres consisting of survey no : known as the

Kaveriamrnana Pudiyarti Devarakadu no:6 Puthaithere coffee saguvalimalai;

Saguvali malai estate and no : 7 known as the Kaveriammana pudiyarti Devarakadu

of Cherengala village; Right of ingress and egree is by P.R.W. Nos : 2 and 4 of

Mundrotu village.

IV Bhagavati Devastana enclosure are 3.50 acres consisting of survey no : 7 of

Mundrotu village area 4.18 acres. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W Nos. of

Mundrotu village.

v Cultivation enclosure area 3.50 acres consisting of survey no: 4-9 and 4-12 survey

no: 4-9 acre 1.00 being government waste of Mundrotu village. Right of ingress and

egress is by P.R.W. No: 2 of Mundrotu village.

VI A group of cultivation of Mundrotu village area 54.00 acres consisting of survey nos:

I2,4-6,4-1, 1-1,3,2,1,-3,4-4,4-19,4-5,4-20,4-10 and 4-21 also survey no: 4-1 acres

8.48, 4-3 A acres 1.72 and 4-19 A acres 6.72 being Government waste respectively.

Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 2 Of Mundrotu village.

vii. Jamma Padiamalai enclosure area 188.30 consisting of survey nos : 2 and 3 lyengeri

village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No : 2 and of lyengeri village.

ix. Keedimundere coffee saguvalimalai enclosure area 494.58 acres consisting of survey

nos 14 and 19 of lyengeri village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W.No.2 and

13 lyengeri village.

193

x. Jamma Bellerimalai enclosure area 161.76 acres survey no: 21 of lyengeri village.

Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No : 2 of Iyengeri village.

xi. Jamma Balluvapulli malai enclosure area 3.52 acres survey no : 21 of lyengeri

village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No : 2 of lyengeri village.

xii. JammaTittumalai tunduenclosurearea3.52acres survey no:29-17of lyengeri village.

Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 2 of lyengeri village 4.

xiii. Jamma tittumalai enclosure area 52.58 acres consisting of survey nos : 29-15 and 29-

16 of lyengeri village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W.'No : 2 of lyengeri

village.

xiv Jamma malai enclosure area 106.72 acres consisting of survey nos : 29-15 and 29-11

and 29-12 called Mangundi tandu no: 29-7 Byritota tundu, 29-8, Mangolli tundu, 29-

18 Pilladi tundu and 29-13 and 29-14 Tittumalai tundu of lyengeri right ingress and

egress is by P.R.W

No: 7 of Iyengeri village.

xv. Paretota Jamma malai enclosure area 1.44 acres. survey no: 21 - 1 0 of lyengeri

village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 2 of lyengeri village.

xvi. Jamma Kundupaya malai and Kangalli tundu enclosure area 3.04 acres consisting of

survey nos : 29-1 and 29-2 of Iyengeri village. Right of ingress and egress is by

P.R.W. No : I of lyengeri village.

xvii. Karangidere coffee saguvali malai enclosure area 16.55 acres survey no: 29-24 of

Iyengeri village . Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 1 of lyengeri village.

xix. Keechampare coffee saguvali malai enclosure area 16.5 5 acres survey no: 29 - 24 of

lyengeri village. Right of ingress and egress is P.R.W. No : I of lyengeri village.

xx. Coffee Saguvali malai enclosure area 430.24 acres consisting of survey nos : 29.20

Mekyamundere , 29-21 Idiangoli and 9.22 Karachangoli of Iyengeri village. Right of

ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 1 of lye ngeri village.

xxi. Jamma malai enclosure area 516.68 acres consisting of survey nos : 2 and 3

Balluvapuli malai and 7 Tolathumalai of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress

is by P.R.W. No: 6 of Naladi village.

xxii. Pilladi tundu Jammamalai enclosure area 21.44 acres survey nos : 13-2 of Naladi

village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No : 7 of Naladi village.

194

XXIII. Jamma malai enclosure area 22.88 acres consisting survey nos: 14-1,16,15,16-16 and

16-18 called Katitota and 16-22 called Kangolli tundu of Naladi village. Right of

ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 7 of Naladi village.

XXIV. Jamma and coffee saguvali malai enclosure area 127.3 1 acres consisting of survey

nos: 161 Kangoli tundu 16-2,16-5 and 16-1,16-10 tundu poyemalai, 16-4

Ballyatotundu, 16-6 tittumalai, 16-7 Koovetota, 16-9 Panduvamalai, 16-18

Aangarekoli, 16-24 Maletota, 16-25, 16-26 and 16-28 Bapli tundus and 16-29

Kochetota of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No. 7 of

Naladi village.

xxv. Pilladi tundu j amma malai enclosure area 6.72 acres survey no: 16-17 of Naladi

village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 7 of Naladi village.

XXVI. Keechampare tundu Jamma malai enclosure area 7.60 acres survey no : 21 of Naladi

village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 7 of Naladi village.

XXVII. Kangoli tundu Jamma malai enclosure area 2.00 acres survey no : 19-1 of Naladi

village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 7 Naladi village.

XVIII. Keechimpare tundu Jamma malai enclosure area 7.68 acres survey no : 20-1 of

Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No. 7 of Naladi village.

XXIX. Keechampare tundu Jamma malai enclosure area 1.28 acres survey no : 10-1 of

Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No Naladi village.

xxx. Kutumbli and Yedopole tundu Jamma malai enclosure area 1.92 acres consisting of

survey nos:21-2 and 21-3 of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by

P.R.W. No : 8 of Naladi village.

XXXI. Baikabbe coffee saguvali malai estate enclosure area 922.66 acres. Survey no: 27

of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No : 5 of Naladi village.

XXXII. Angarekolli coffee saguvali malai estate enclosure area 121-69 acres survey no: 31

of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 3 of naladi village.

XXXIII. Jamma Malai enclosure area 198.54 acres consisting of survey nos: 22 of

Tembaremalai pattathere tundu, 23 Temberemalai Tembumaali tundu, 25 Kurobatte

tundu, 66 Tembare malai Kuttupoye tunde (deducting there from such unculturable

area as may be hereafter excluded by survey) and 67 Malengadu of Naladi village.

Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No. 2,3 and 4 of Naladi village.

XXXIV Jamma tolatha malai chooti malai thundi enclosure area 236.31 acres consisting of

survey no. 74,75,76 and 73 of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by

P.R.W. No: 4 of Naladi village.

195

XXXV Jamma malai cheekatu thundu enclosure area 33.08 acres survey no : 4 of Naladi

village. Right of ingress and egress by P.R.W. No: I of Naladi village.

XXXVI. Jamma malai enclosure area 61.14 acres consisting of survey no 61 of Kurihatte

tundu, and 62 Kana malai tundu of Naladi. Right of ingress and egress is by

P.R.W. Nos : 2 and 3 of Naladi village.

XXXVII. Mamma malai enclosure area 397.36 acres consisting of survey nos : 91

tolatliumalai Nadumali tundu, 52 and 58 Ponfaremalai tundu and 50 Pillubelli.

tundu of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: I of Naladi

village.

XXXVII. Chootimalai coffee area saguvali estate enclosure area 178.83 acres survey no: 58

of Naldi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 4 of Naladi village.

XXXIX Jamma malai enclosure area 118.15 acres consisting of survey No .88 and 89 Tolath

malai Karimali tundu and 43 Toomatikolli tundu of Naladi village. Right of ingress

and egress is by P.R.W. No: I of Naladi village.

XL Jamma Tolathumali enclosure area 11.51 acres survey no : 83 of Naladi village.

Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 1 of Naladi village.

XLI Keechampare coffee saguvali mali enclosure area 3.75 acres survey no: 16 (1350) of

Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W No : 7 of naladi village.

XLII Ballyatho thundu coffee saguvali mali enclosure are 36.04 acres survey no. 30.2

(4053) of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 7 of Naladi

village.

XLIII. Chimmikilli coffee saguvali malai enclosure area 1.65 acres survey no : 16-30 (1354)

of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 6 of Naladi village.

XLIV Coffee saguvali malai enclosure area 24.48 acres consisting of survey nos : 16-31

(1355) Kundupoye tundu and 16-3 (1358) Mavutota of Naladi village. Right of

ingress and egres is by P.R.W. No: 7 of Naladi village.

XLV. Coffee's saguvali mali enclosure area 2 1. I 1 acres consisting of survey nos : 15

(1357) katotota, 30-2(4054) chimmikoli and 1352 Kunjeritundu of Naladi village.

Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 7 of Naladi village.

XLVI. Keechampare coffee saguvali malai enclosure area 7.20 acres survey no. 4247 of

Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 7 of Naladi village.

196

XLIX Chimmikolli coffee saguvalimalai enclosure area 1. 1 0 acre survey no : 16 - 3 3

(4052) of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 7 of Naladi

villa-e.

in

L. Chimmikolli coffee saguvali malai enclosure area 126.27 acres consisting of survey

nos. 30-2 (4058) and 30-1 (4248) of Naladi village. Right of ingress and egress is by

P.R.W.

No: 7 of Naladi village.

LI. Ponegaretundu Jamma malai enclosure area 344.04 acres survey no : 20-1 of

Yavakapadi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 4 of Yavakapadi

village.

LII. Jamma malai enclosure area 2846.31 acres consisting of survey no. 2,3,15 and 33

called Kollianda malai 4,6,11-2 and 39 called Pattiamalai, I I - 1 Kadampare tunde, 1

1-5 Baretotadere, 1 1-83, Mavut tadere tundu, 1 1-20 Kekadere tundu, 12-1 and 1 1 -

7 called Cheriabidu tundu and Banjotha tundu, 13-1 panetotadere tundu, '41 Bee

makaretota tundu, 16 and 32 called Ponnanagalatha malai, 35 Ittikandi tundu, 31-1

Koliand malai Kabbetundu, 51 Adupuraetundu and 50 Mallumalai tundu of

Yavakapadi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. Nos. 1,2,3,5,6,7 and 8

of Yavakapadi village.

LIII. Koliandamali enclosure area 6,14 acres survey no : 37 of Yavakapadi village. Right

of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. Nos: 4 and 2 of Yavakapadi village.

LIV Jamma malai enclosure area 3 8.1 1 acres consisting of survey no: 27 and 28 called

Katikundu and Moriapole of Yavakapadi village. Right of ingress and egress is by

P.R.W.No.2 of Yavakapadi village.

LV. Jamma malai enclosure area 163.58 acres consisting of survey no: 79 Katikundu

Moriapole,

76 Anepare Katadi tundu, 77 and 52 Katikunda coffee saguvali malai of Yavakapadi

village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W No : 3 of Yavakapadi village.

LVI. Jamma Banjothamali Katitota tundu enclosure area 6.40 acres survey no : 54 of

Yavakapadi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 2 of Yavakapadi

village.

LVII. Jamma malai enclosure area 48.82 acres consisting of survey No: 61 of Yavakapadi

village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W.No.2 of Yavakapadi village.

197

LVIII. Jamma malai enclosure area 48.88 acres consisting of survey no: 64 Banjotha malai

and 7 1 -1 Kuribatte tundu of Yavakapadi village. Right of ingress and egress is by

P.R.W.No.2 of Yavakapadi village.

LIX Jamma malai enclosure area 124.01 acres consisting village of survey no. 66,65-2

Banjotha malai Kaknakare tundu, 69 Mangloi tundu 70 Banjoth malai and 68-2

Kuribatte tundu of Yavakapadi village. Right of ingress and egress is buy

P.R.W.No.2 and 3 of Y@ivakapadi village.

LX. Jamma malai enclosure area 329.18 acres consisting of survey nos. 73,72-1 land 72-2

Kuribatte tundu of Yavakapdi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No :

3 of Yavakapdi village.

LXI. Jamma Bheem and are malai enclosure area 38.08 acres survey no : 7-2 of

Yavakapadi village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 3 of Yavakapdi

village.

LXII. Jamma malai enclosure area 8.98 acres consisting of survey no: 43-A Ballyatotadere

tundu and 7-4 Kuvelepare tundu of Yavakapdi village. Right of ingress and egress is

by P.R.W.

No: I of Yavakapdi village.

LXIII. Jamma Bheemangere malai enclosure area 41.26 acres survey No : 46 of Yavakapadi

village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No. I of Yavakapadi village.

LXIV. Kabbe malai paisari estate enclosure area 1.79 acres survey No: IO Chelavara village.

Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No : 2 of chelevara village.

LXV Jamma Kabbe and lyri malai enclosure area 1999.60 acres consisting of survey No :

4 and 5 of Chelevara village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No. 1, of

Chelevara village.

LXVI. Jamma malai enclosure area 480.08 acres consisting of survey nos : 8 Kodimilai

tundu, 6,9,1 1 and 14 Yedakattera, 4 Telathu malai 1 0 Naripare, 12 Karipare and 13

Makkitota of Karada village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No : I of

Karada village.

LXVII. Jamma mali enclosure area 515.7 acres and consisting of survey nos. 16 pundapare,

17 Mundere and 8 Arkomal4i of Karada village. Right of ingress and egress is by

P.R.W.

No: 1 of Karada village.

LXVIII. Jamma malai enclosure area 322.29 acres consisting of survey no: 1 1 and 15

Panapuliare thundu, 16 Pdlemalai Manjemadu tundu 16 and 17 Mundaka mali of

198

Palangala village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No: 1 and 3 of

Palangala village.

LXIX. Jamma Kurumau tundu malai enclosure area 121.64 Survey No: 18 of Palangala

village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W. No : 1 of palangala village.

LXX. Jamma Kondamalai enclosure area 506.20 acres consisting of survey nos : 4,5,6,7,8

and 9 of Palangala village. Right of ingress and egress is by P.R.W.No.2 and 3 of

Palangala village.

Remarks B.

The following right of ways are admitted within the reserve-Mundrotu Village

P.R.W. No : I Madathamalai Bhagamandala path to a width of three feet, enters the reserve on

the

Kurikolli motte hill and proceeds along the boundary of the reserve to P -

anathur south Canara District.

P.R.W. No.:2 Bhagamandala Kodangemaley path to width of three feet enters the reserve 1/2

mile

south of the Brahmagiri hill and proceeds through enclosure No. III to the

Kodange Maley Estate enclosure Nos : I and 11

RR.W. No: 3 Cherangala Malabar path to a width to three feet enters the reserve some 2

furlongs

North of Kanngudi betta motte ridge. Serves enclosure No:V and proceeds

crossing the Bettamalai Hole or Kodange malai Hole to enclosure no. Vi, thence

leaving it at its southern end, follows the river to a point where that river crossed

the Canara frontier.

P.R.W. No: 4 Puthithere malai enclosure path to a width of four feet, branches from P.R.W.

No : 3

above just after its entry into the reserve and leads to enclosure no. III

lyengeri Village

P.R.W. No: I path to a width of six feet proceeding from P.R.W. No : 7 of Naladi village

northwards

serves enclosures nos. XVI, XVII, XV, XIV, XVIII, XIX, XX and westwards to

enclosures nos. XIII, XII, XI and X.

P.R.W. No: 3 lyengeri-Padimalai enclosure path to a width of three feet enters the reserve north

of

T.A. Ahnamunda and passes south wards to enclosure no. VII, VIII and IX.

199

P.R.W. No: 4 Padimalai enclosure path to a width of three feet, branched from

P.R.W. No : 3 to and serves enclosure nos. VII & VIII.

Naladi Village.

P.R.W. No: 1 Naladi path to a width of three feet enters the reserve on the left

bank of the Kakkabe

river, passes south-west wards and serves enclosures nos. XXXVIII, XXXIX,

XL and xxxv.

P.R.W. No: 4 Tolathamali Chootimalai path to a width of three feet branches from P.R.W.

No:

I above, passes westwards to enclosure no. XXXIII serving Angarekolli coffee

Saguvali malai enclosure no. XXXII and XXXVI.

P.R.W. No: 4 Tolathmalai Chootimalai path to a width of three feet branches from P.R.W. No.

I above passes westwards to enclosure no XXXVII XXXIV &XXXIII.

P.R.W. No: 5 Kunlala-Malabar path to a width of three feet, enters the reserve about 3 furlongs

south of the boundary between Naladi and lyengeri villages, passes westwards

across the Baikabbe motte spur, to estate enclosure no. XXXI and from thence

to the Malabar frontier, serving enclosure no. XXXIX.

P.R.W. No: 6 Balluvupali malai path to a width of three feet branches off the P.R.W. No 5

and passes to enclosure No. XXI.

P.R.W. No: 7 Path to a width of three feet branches off the P.R.W. No : 5 above and passes

north wards to enclosures nos. XXIII, XXII, XXVI, XXV, XXVIII, XXVI, XLI,

XLII, XLII, XLII, XLIV, XLV, XLVI, XLVII, XLVII, XLIX and L.

P.R.W. No: 8 Path to a width of three feet - branches from P.R.N. No. 7 above passes

eastwards to enclosure no. XXX.

Yavakapadi Village.

P.R.W. No : I Pattadamalai path to width of three feet enters the reserve on the saddle of the hill

range

about I mile north of Kabbe hill and passes westwards and serves enclosures

nos. LII, IXII, IXI and LXII.

P.R.W.No.2. Kalliandamalai path to width of three feet enters the reserve about 5 furlon-s

east of the Yavakapadi village boundary and passes southwards serving

enclosures no.LII,Llll,LKV and then westwards serving enclosures nos. LVI,

LVII, LVIII and LIX.

200

P.R.W. No: 3 Katiakundu malai path to a width of three feet branching from P.R.W.No.2

above at enclosure no. LIV and passes south and westwards serving enclosures

nos. LV and L and meets P.R.W. I No: 2 at enclosure no. LIX. P.R.W. No: 4

Pongaremalai path to width of three feet branches off the P.R.W.No.2 near

enclosure no. Lll and proceeds to the Pongare nalai enclosure no: LI

P.R.W. No: 5 Path to a width of three feet branches off the Koliandamalai path

P.R.W. No: 6 Near enclosure no. Llll and proceeds to enclosure no.Llll

P.R.W. No: 7 Path to a width of three feet branches from P.R.W. No : 5 and proceeds

northwards to

P.R.W. No: 5 Above.

P.R.W. No 8 Path to a width of three feet branches of P.R.W.No.2 and proceeds to the Tadi

pole G.T.S. where it ceases.

Chelavara Village.

P.R.W. No I Chelavara Malabar path to a width of 12 feet enters the reserve near the Kabbe

motte hill and proceeds along the hill range through enclosure no: LXV to the

Udumbe hore to the Malabar district.

P.R.W.No 2 Kabbe hill path to a width of three feet enters the reserve on the

Kabbe motte hill and

joins P.R.W. No : I of Yavakapadi village serving enclosure No : LXIV

Karada Village.

P.R.W. No : 1 Karada Jamma malai path to a width of three feet enters the

reserve near the Katotipadantu

malai and proceeds along the village boundary of the Chelvara and Karada

village to enclosures nos. LXVI and LXVII and to Malabar frontier.

Palangala Village.

P.R.W. No. I Jamma malai path to a width of three feet branches of P.R.W. No : I of Ktrada

village and proceeds to enclosures nos. LXVII and LXIX.

P.R.W.No.2 Kondamalai enclosure path to a width of three feet serves enclosure no LXX.

P.R.W. No: 3 Enclosure no. LXVIII to LXX path to a width of three feet branches from P.R.W.

No: I

201

and proceeds eastwards to enclosure no. LXX where it joins P.R.W. No : 2

above.

P.R.W. No: 4 Kedamullur Malabar path to a width of three feet, enters the reserve about 1/2

mile

south of enclosure no: LXX and proceeds along the Taluk boundary to Mtlabar.

The reservation is free of all rights other than those stated above.

R.C.H.M.King

Secretary to the Chief Commissioner.

The Chief Commissioner of Coorg Notiflcation

Bangalore, the 24th June 1908.

No.58. the Chief commissioner of Coorg is pleased to declare under the provisions of

section 19 of the Indian forest Act. (VII of 1878) that from the 15th August 1908, the area , the

boundaries of which are set forth in the schedule appended to this notification, will constituted

a Reserved Forest.

SCHEDULE

Province Taluk Name of Forest Description of Boundaries

Coorg Padinalknad Kerti

North: Starting from a point on the tri junction of the yedenalknad, Padinalknad Taluk

boundary and of the serve forest boundary, the line follows the boundary between

survey no : 533 and 43 I., south eastwards and then proceeds along the southern

boundary of survey no. 526,528,510 and 396 of the Kedamallur village, to the Heggala

village boundary; thence south, eastwards along the boundaries of survey nos. 123-1,

for 2 miles and 1 1/2 furlongs; eastwards excluding survey no. 21 I-A, 209, 205, 194,

191 and 123-1 all of the Heggala village, to the Arji village boundary; thence it

proceeds for 41/2 furlongs along three hill tops south eastwards to the southern edge of

the Perambadi tank joining the Virajpet - Cannanore High road.

East: The Government road as far as the Malabar District boundary which this road crosses at

the KUII hole bridge.

South : the Malabar District boundary westwards as far as its tri junction with the Padinalknad

and Yedenalknad taluk boundaries.

West: the Padinalnkad taluk boundary north wards to the starting point.

Remarks A

The following area enclosed within the reserve have been admitted as, either free from

reservation, or subject to various right.

202

Enclosure: 1. Mondolli- Porakadu coffee saguvali malle. Area 75-9 acres consisting of

survey no 536,537 and 538 of kedamullur Village. The rights for the these malles are as

follows:-

i) Survey nos: 536 and 537, the Mondoli malle having

a) Right of ingress and egress by P.R.W. Nos : 2 and 3

b) Right to shoot within the malle subject to the provisions of the Indian Arms

Act.

c) Right to take minor produce from the malle for wet cultivation.

ii) Survey No. 538 the Porakadu malle, having

a) right of ingress and egress by P.R.W. Nos : 2 and 3.

b) right to take minor produce from the malle for wet cultivation.

Enclosure II. Babbiradu coffee saguvalli malle, area are 243.87 acres, consisting of survey nos.

529-1 and 529-2 of kedamullur village with under mentioned rights:-

a) right of ingress and egress by P.R.W. No : 4

b) right to shoot within the malle subject to the provisions of the Indian Arms act.

c) right to take minor produce for wet cultivation.

Enclosure 111. Karriara Banna Devarakadu, area 668.80 acres survey no: 531 of the

Kedamulur village with the undermentioned rights.

a) right of ingress and egress by P.R.W. No : 3

b) right of halt in the reserve on the way to the banna.

c) right to build temporary sheds taking materials such as waters, creepers and

leaves for

the time being:-

d) right to cook and to present offerings during the months of January to May both

months included.

Remarks - B

The following rights of way are admitted within the reserve

P.R.W. No: I Kedamullur-Palangala path 3 feet wide for men only: enters the reserve at the

southern and of survey no: 526 of Kedamullur village passes westwards to

Palangala village Padinalknad taluk.

P.R.W.No.2 Kedamullur - Malabar path, 6 feet wide for men and cattle: enters the reserve at

Survey no: 526 and passes along the western boundary of the Kariara banna

survey no : 531 ( (Enclosure No. 111) to survey no: 531 (Enclosure no : I and

from thence to Malabar to the Byathur temple.

203

P.R.W. No. 5 Heggala - Malabar path, 4 feet wide for men and cattle: enters the reserve tolt the

southern boundary of survey no : 123-1 passes through it first westwards then

southwards along the left bank of the kull hole river which it crosses proceeding

on the right bank to Malabar.

Remarks C

Free grazing to the extent of head of cattle by virtue of order published in notification no : 55

dated the 3rd November 198 1, is permitted to Bilimaggada Barda and Dasi of the Arji village

for their wet cultivation survey no: 196 of the Heggala village called Kalimanda warg.

The reservation is free of all rights, save those described above.

F.P.Rennie.

422

Annexure - XLIX (a)

Statement showing the record of individual rights under ST and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act,

2006 in Makut Range.

Name of RF Sl.

No

Name & Address of

Right Holders (Postal

Address)

Name of Spouse

(If Right Holder

is Married) or

Name of Father if

Right Holder

Unmarried

Hakkupatra

No

Date on

which DCF

signed

Hakkupatra

Taluk,

Hobli

Village

Survey no

Given to

right

holder’s

land

Area of the

land in acres

or as

recorded in

Hakkupatra

Caste of

Right holder

as per

Hukkupatra

& Category

Remarks

if Any

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Kerti RF 1 Sukumar. Heggala

Viillage, Makutta Post,

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-

Ragavan.

Not

available

Not

available

Virajpet,

Heggala, 211/1 0.30 Yerava ST No

2 Raghava,

Heggala Viillage,

Makutta Post,

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-

Karimatha

Not

available

Not

available

Virajpet,


3 Mara,

Heggala Viillage,

Makutta Post,

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Bolka Not

available

Not

available

Virajpet,


4 Rajee

Heggala Viillage,

Makutta Post,

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Meda Not

available

Not

available

Virajpet,


5 Baba

Heggala Viillage,

Makutta Post,

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Mara Not

available

Not

available

Virajpet,


6 Sundara

Heggala Viillage,

Makutta Post,

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Meda Not

available

Not

available

Virajpet,


7 Karunan

Heggala Viillage,

Makutta Post,

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Belly Not

available

Not

available

Virajpet,

Heggala,

211/1

0.16

Yerava ST

No

423

Name of RF Sl.

No

Name & Address of


Address)

Name of Spouse

(If Right Holder

is Married) or

Name of Father if

Right Holder

Unmarried

Hakkupatra

No

Date on

which DCF

signed

Hakkupatra

Taluk,

Hobli

Village

Survey no

Given to

right

holder’s

land

Area of the

land in acres

or as

recorded in

Hakkupatra

Caste of

Right holder

as per

Hukkupatra

& Category

Remarks

if Any

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

8 Vinod

Heggala Viillage,

Makutta Post,

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Gopala

Not

available

Not

available

Virajpet,

Heggala,

211/1

0.10

Yerava ST

No

9 Gopal

Heggala Viillage,

Makutta Post,

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-

Jollymoofa

Not

available

Not

available

Virajpet,

Heggala,

211/1

0.12

Yerava ST

No

10 Jolly

Heggala Viillage,

Makutta Post,

Virajpet Taluk.

-

Not

available

Not

available

Virajpet,

Heggala,

211/1

0.12

Yerava ST

No

11 Rajan

Heggala Viillage,

Makutta Post,

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Kenga

Not

available

Not

available

Virajpet,

Heggala,

211/1

0.10

Yerava ST

No

12 Manoj

Heggala Viillage,

Makutta Post,

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Bola

Not

available

Not

available

Virajpet,

Heggala,

211/1

0.10

Yerava ST

No

13 Shantha

Heggala Viillage,

Makutta Post,

Virajpet Taluk.

Husband-

Sathish

Not

available

Not

available

Virajpet,

Heggala,

211/1

0.12

Yerava ST

No

14 Chemban

Heggala Viillage,

Makutta Post,

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Mara

Not

available

Not

available

Virajpet,

Heggala

211/1

0.15

Yerava ST

No

2.04 Acres

424

Annexure – XLIX (b)

Statement showing the record of individual rights under ST and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act,

2006 in Thithimathi Range.

Name of RF Sl.

No

Name & Address of


Address)

Name of Spouse

(If Right Holder

is Married) or

Name of Father if

Right Holder

Unmarried

Hakkupatra

No

Date on

which DCF

signed

Hakkupatra

Taluk, Hobli

Village

Survey no

Given to

right

holder’s

land

Area of the

land in acres

or as

recorded in

Hakkupatra

Caste of

Right holder

as per

Hukkupatra

& Category

Remarks

if Any

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Devamachi

RF

1 J.K. Kumara

Bommanally Colony,

Bhadragola,

Thithimathi Post

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-

Late Kariya .

Wife. Lalitha.

0650

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Bhadragola

303

0.40

Jenukurba

ST

No

2 Honna Bommanally,

Colony. Bhadragola,

Thithimathi Post

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-

Late Gejje

Wife. Parvathi

0651

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Bhadragola

303 0.60

Jenukurba

ST

No

3 Parvathi,

Bommanally, Colony,

Bhadragola,

Thithimathi Post

Virajpet Taluk.

Husband.

Late Kariya

Father Late

Kempa

0652

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Bhadragola

303 0.25

Jenukurba

ST

No

4 G.K. Lingappa

Bommanally, Colony,

Bhadragola,

Thithimathi Post

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-

Late Kempa

Wife. Vasanthi.

0653

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Bhadragola

303 0.33

Jenukurba

ST

FOC.NO

45/

2002-03

5 P.K. Javana.

Bommanally, Colony,

Bhadragola,

Thithimathi Post

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-

Late Kala

Wife. Chomi

0654

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Bhadragola

303 0.90

Jenukurba

ST

FOC.NO

47/

2002-03

425

6 G.K. Kenchi

Bommanally, Colony,

Bhadragola,

Thithimathi Post

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Late

G.K. Kariya

Husband.Late

G.K. Kencha

0655

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Bhadragola

303 0.08

Jenukurba

ST

No

7 J.M. Seetha.

Bommanally, Colony,

Bhadragola,

Thithimathi Post

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Late

Putta

Husband.Late

Rama

0656

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Bhadragola

303 0.09

Jenukurba

ST

No

8 J.K. Mani.

Bommanally, Colony,

Bhadragola,

Thithimathi Post

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Late

Thimma

Wife Late

Kamala

0657

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Bhadragola

303 0.60

Jenukurba

ST

No

9 J.K. Raju.

Bommanally, Colony,

Bhadragola,

Thithimathi Post

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Late

Kempa

Wife J.R.

Lakshmi

0658

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Bhadragola

303 0.80

Jenukurba

ST

No

10 J.K. Ramesh .

Bommanally, Colony,

Bhadragola,

Thithimathi Post

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Late

Putta

Wife Savitha

0659

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Bhadragola

303 0.60

Jenukurba

ST

No

11 Vasanthi J.

Reshme Hadlu,

(Bogana Hadi)

Thithimathi, Virajpet

Taluk.

Husband.

Vijaya

0719

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6 0.14

Jenukurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303 of

Bhadra

gola

Village

12 Raju J.S.

Reshme Hadlu,

(Bogana Hadi),


Taluk.

Father. Sidda

Wife. Ammani

0720

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6 0.20

Jenukurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303 of

Bhadra

gola

Village

426

13 Ramesh J.

Reshme Hadlu,

(Bogana Hadi),


Taluk.

Father. Annaiah

Wife. Shanthi

0721

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6 0.20

Jenukurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303 of

Bhadra

gola

Village

14 Basava J.K.

Reshme Hadlu

(Bogana Hadi)

Thithimathi Virajpet

Taluk.

Father.Kempa

Wife. Parvathy

0722

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6 0.70

Jenukurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303 of

Bhadra

gola

Village

15 Thimma J.G.

Reshme Hadlu

(Bogana Hadi)


Taluk.

Father.Gopala

Wife. Geetha

0723

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6 0.40

Jenukurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303 of

Bhadra

gola

Village

16 Ranga J.R.

Reshme Hadlu

(Bogana Hadi)


Taluk.

Father. Rama.

Wife. Dasi.

0724

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6 0.26

Jenukurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303 of

Bhadra

gola

Village

17 Lakshmana J.

Reshme Hadlu

(Bogana Hadi)


Taluk.

Father. Putta

Wife. Seethe

0725

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6 0.45

Jenukurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303 of

Bhadra

gola

Village

18 Muthu J.R.

Reshme Hadlu

(Bogana Hadi)


Taluk.

Father. Raju

Wife. Geetha

0726

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6 0.40

Jenukurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303 of

Bhadra

gola

Village

427

19 B.S. Kala Akkimala

Hadi Thithimathi

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Soma

Wife. Shanthi.

0509

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6 1.80

Kadu

Kurba ST

Actual

Sy No

303 of

Bhadra

gola

Village

20 B.S. Chanda.

Akkimala Hadi


Taluk.

Father- Soma

0510

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6 1.80

Kadu

Kurba ST

Actual

Sy No

303 of

Bhadra

gola

Village

21 J.M. Kali.

Akkimala Hadi


Taluk.

Father- Soma

Husband - Mari

0511

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6 0.955

Jenu

Kuruba ST

Actual

Sy No

303 of

Bhadra

gola

Village

22 J.K. Rajappa

Akkimala Hadi


Taluk.

Father-Mani

Wife. Boji

0512

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6 0.25

Jenu

Kuruba ST

Actual

Sy No

303 of

Bhadra

gola

Village

23 B. SannaKala.

Akkimala Hadi


Taluk.

Father-Chanda

Wife. Somi

0513

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6 3.95

Kuruba ST

Actual

Sy No

303 of

Bhadra

gola

Village

24 Sanna Kala.

Akkimala Hadi


Taluk.

Father-Chanda

0514

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6 2.30

Kadu

Kuruba ST

Actual

Sy No

303 of

Bhadra

gola

Village

428

25 M.C. Kala.

Akkimala Hadi


Taluk.

Father- Chanda

Wife. Chelly

0515

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6 1.15

Kadu

Kurba ST

Actual

Sy No

303 of

Bhadra

gola

Village

26 Chanda Kala.

Akkimala Hadi


Taluk.

Father-Chanda

0516

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6 1.00

Kuruba ST

Actual

Sy No

303 of

Bhadra

gola

Village

27 Kumara B.

Akkimala Hadi


Taluk.

Mather -Bolli

Wife. Gowri

0517

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6 0.55

Jenu Kurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303 of

Bhadra

gola

Village

28 Raju.

Akkimala Hadi


Taluk.

Mather -Linga

Wife. Basavi

(Sharada)

0519

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6 0.80 Jenu Kurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303 of

Bhadra

gola

Village

29 Kumar K.

Akkimala Hadi


Taluk.

Father -Kariya

Wife. Jaya

0520

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya


ST

Actual

Sy No

303 of

Bhadra

gola

Village

30 Raejesh J.K.

Akkimala Hadi


Taluk.

Father-J.K.

Kenchappa

Wife. Shanthi

0521

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya


ST

Actual

Sy No

303 of

Bhadra

gola

Village

429

31 Raju C.

Akkimala Hadi


Taluk.

Father-

ChikkaRama

Wife. Susheela

0522

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya


ST

Actual

Sy No

303 of

Bhadrago

la Village

32 Mohan J.K.

Akkimala Hadi


Taluk.

Father-Kariya

Wife. Geetha

0523

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya


ST

Actual

Sy No

303 of

Bhadrag

ola

Village

33 Mani B.M. Akkimala

Hadi Thithimathi

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Soma

0739

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6 1.40

Kuruba ST

Actual

Sy No

303 of

Bhadrag

ola

Village

34 Mada B.S

Akkimala Hadi


Taluk.

Father-Kala

Wife. Rathna

0740

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6 0.30 Jenu

Kuruba ST

Actual

Sy No

303 of

Bhadrag

ola

Village

35 Kala Mara Akkimala

Hadi Thithimathi

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Kala

Wife. Chelly

0742

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6 0.30

Jenu

Kuruba ST

Actual

Sy No

303 of

Badraag

ola

Village

Foc No

58/

2002-03

36 Raju B.R

Akkimala Hadi


Taluk.

Father-Ramu

Wife. Baby B.S

0743

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6 2.70

Jenu

Kuruba ST

Actual

Sy No

303 of

Badraag

ola

Village

Foc No

58/

2002-03

430

37 J.K. Raju

Kare Hadlu Bhadragola

Village Thithimathi

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Late-

Kariya

Wife. Kalpana

0660

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Bhadragola

303 0.60

Jenu Kurba

ST

No

38 P.M. Manju.


Village Thithimathi

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Late-

Mada

Wife. P.M.

Seethu

0661

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Bhadragola

303 0.45 Yerava ST

No

39 J.B. Annaiah. Kare

Hadlu Bhadragola

Village Thithimathi

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Late-

Bollya

Wife. Late

Parvathy

0662

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Bhadragola

303 0.06

Jenukurba

ST

No

40 Kamakshi.


Village Thithimathi

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Late-

Mara

Husband –Late

Seena

0663

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Bhadragola

303 1.30

Jenukurba

ST

No

41 J.P. Ravi


Village Thithimathi

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Late-

Putta

Wife. Shanthi

0664

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Bhadragola

303 0.23

Jenukurba

ST

No

42 P.B. Bala


Village Thithimathi

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Late-

Putta

Wife. P.B. Nanji

0665

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Bhadragola

303 1.20

Yearva ST

No

43 P.M. Malla.


Village Thithimathi

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Late-

P.M Mada

Wife. P.M.

Parvathy

0666

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Bhadragola

303 0.45

Yearva ST

No

44 Shankara.


Village Thithimathi

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Late-

Hanumanthaiah

Wife. Mallige

0667

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Bhadragola

303 0.23

Yearva ST

No

431

45 J.K. Kulla. Kare Hadlu

Bhadragola Village


Taluk.

Father-Late-

Putta

Wife.

Sannamma

0668

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Bhadragola

303 0.60

Jenu Kurba

ST

No

46 J.K. Sanna.


Village Thithimathi

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Late-

Putta

Wife. Gowri

0669

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Bhadragola

303 0.20

Jenu Kurba

ST

No

47 Shankara.


Village Thithimathi

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Late-

Somaiah

Wife. Susheela

J.K

0670

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Bhadragola

303 1.20

Jenu Kurba

ST

No

48 Raju J.K.


Village Thithimathi

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Late-

Kariya

Wife. Kaveri

0671

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Bhadragola

303 1.35 Jenu Kurba

ST

No

49 Ashoka J.K.


Village Thithimathi

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Mani J.T.

Wife. J.H.

Lakshmi

0672

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Bhadragola

303 0.60

Jenu Kurba

ST

No

50 Sannamma J.K.


Village Thithimathi

Devarapura

Virajpet Taluk.

Husband Late

Annaiah

0673

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Bhadragola

303 0.15 Jenu Kurba

ST

No

51 B.M. Soma. Kare

Hadlu Bhadragola

Village Thithimathi

Devarapura

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Late-

Mara

Wife. Kamala

0674

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Bhadragola

303 0.50 Jenu Kurba

ST

No

52 J.S. Chandru


Village Thithimathi

Devarapura

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Late-

Gopala

Wife. Bhagya

0675

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Bhadragola

303 3.20 Jenu Kurba

ST

No

432

53 B.S. Shanthi. Kare

Hadlu Bhadragola

Village Thithimathi

Devarapura

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Late-

Kala

Husband Mara

0676

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Bhadragola

303 0.16

Jenu Kurba

ST

Foc-63/

2002-03

54 Parnda P.C. Kare Hadlu

Bhadragola Village

Thithimathi Devarapura

Virajpet Taluk.

Wife. P Thangi

0677

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Bhadragola

303 0.40 Yerava ST

No

55 Smt Chelly


Village Thithimathi

Devarapura

Virajpet Taluk.

Husband.Mara

678

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Bhadragola

303 0.16

Yerava ST

Foc No

66/

2002-03

56 Seetha


Village Thithimathi

Devarapura

Virajpet Taluk.

Husband. Late

Kala

0679

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Bhadragola

303 0.16 Jenukurba

ST

Foc No

65/

2002-03

57 J.K. Appaiah,

BasavanallyHadi,

Chennayana Kote

Virajpet Taluk

Father- Kala

Wife. Parvathy.

0176

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A 1.50

Jenu Kurba

ST

No

58 J.B Kencha .

BasavanallyHadi,

Chennayana Kote

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Basava

Wife. J.K.

Shanthi

0177

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

1.00

Jenu Kurba

ST

Foc No

72/

2002-03

59 J.M. Suresh.

BasavanallyHadi,

Chennayana Kote

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Mutha

Wife. Prema

0178

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

1.00

Jenu Kurba

ST No

60 J.M. Somanna.

BasavanallyHadi,

Chennayana Kote

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Mutha

0179

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

3.00

Jenu Kurba

ST No

61 J.B. Ganesh.

BasavanallyHadi,

Chennayana Kote

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Byra

Wife. Shanthi

0180

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

1.20

Jenu Kurba

ST

No

433

62 J.B. Shankara.

BasavanallyHadi,

Chennayana Kote

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Byra

0181

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

1.25

Jenu Kurba

ST No

63 J.H. Manu.

BasavanallyHadi,

Chennayana Kote

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Honna

Wife. Geetha

0182

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

1.30

Jenu Kurba

ST

No

64 J.H. Chandra.

BasavanallyHadi,

Chennayana Kote

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Honna

Wife. Rajamma

0183

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

1.75

Jenu Kurba

ST

No

65 J.H. Thammana.

BasavanallyHadi,

Chennayana Kote

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Honna

Wife- Gangu

0184

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

2.20

Jenu Kurba

ST

No

66 Muthamma.

BasavanallyHadi,

Chennayana Kote

Virajpet Taluk.

Husband.

Choma

0185

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

4.00

Yerava ST

No

67 J.M. Sivaji.

BasavanallyHadi,

Chennayana Kote

Virajpet Taluk.

Father Mutha

0763

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

4.30

Jenukurba

ST

No

68 Y.N. Kali Deyyada Hadlu

Hadi. Chennangi Village.

Chennan Kote. Virajpet

Taluk.

Father- Basuva

0150

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

1.40

Yerava

ST

No

69 Y.K. Ramu.

Deyyada Hadlu Hadi.

Chennangi Village.


Taluk.

Father- Kencha

Wife- Chinnama

0151

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

1.50

Yerava

ST

No

70 P.K. Kala

Deyyada Hadlu Hadi.

Chennangi Village.

Chennan Kote.

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Kencha

Wife- Chomi

P.K

0152

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A 0.90

Yerava

ST

No

434

71 P.K. Papu.

Deyyada Hadlu Hadi.

Chennangi Village.

Chennan Kote.

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Kala

Wife. P.K.

Seethe

0153

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

1.60

Yerava

ST

No

72 P.P. Kaveri.

Deyyada Hadlu Hadi.

Chennangi Village.

Chennan Kote.

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Balle

Husband .Pujari

0154

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

1.90

Yerava

ST

No

73 P.K. Basava.

Deyyada Hadlu Hadi.

Chennangi Village.


Taluk.

Father- Jogi

Wife. Malli

0155

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

1.20

Yerava

ST

No

74 P.S. Suresh.

Deyyada Hadlu Hadi.

Chennangi Village.


Taluk.

Father- Soma

Wife- Y.R.

Gowramma

0156

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

0.45

Yerava

ST

Foc No

37/

2002-03

75 Y.S. Raju.

Deyyada Hadlu Hadi.

Chennangi Village.


Taluk.

Father- Sundara

Wife. Baby

0157

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

0.50

Yerava

ST

No

76 P.M. Sidda.

Deyyada Hadlu Hadi.

Chennangi Village.


Taluk.

Father- Mudda

Wife- Subbi P.S.

0158

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

0.75

Yerava

ST

No

77 P.S. Gopi.

Deyyada Hadlu Hadi.

Chennangi Village.


Taluk.

Husband.

P.K. Subba

0159

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

1.25

Yerava

ST

No

78 P.S. Madi.

Deyyada Hadlu Hadi.

Chennangi Village.


Taluk.

Husband. Late

Nanja

0160

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

0.90

Panjari

Yerava ST

No

435

79 P.N. Thammu.

Deyyada Hadlu Hadi.

Chennangi Village.

Chennan Kote.

Virajpet Taluk.

Father. –Nelli

Wife- Y.T. Rani

0161

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

1.70

Yerava ST

No

80 P.K. Chomi.

Deyyada Hadlu Hadi.

Chennangi Village.

Chennan Kote.

Virajpet Taluk.

Father –Nelli

Husband- Kala

0162

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

0.70

Yerava ST

No

81 Y.K. Kaveri.

Deyyada Hadlu Hadi.

Chennangi Village.


Taluk.

Father –Nelli

Husband Kala

0163

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

0.10

Yerava ST

No

82 P.K. Kaveri.

Deyyada Hadlu Hadi.

Chennangi Village.


Taluk.

Father –

Sannaiah

Husband Kala

0164

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

1.00

Yearva St

No

83 Y.P. Chomi

Deyyada Hadlu Hadi.

Chennangi Village.


Taluk.

Father –Pithiya

Husband

Choma

0165

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

0.10

Yearva ST

No

84 P.S. Gowri.

Deyyada Hadlu Hadi.

Chennangi Village.


Taluk.

Father –P.

Chama

Husband Subba

0166

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

1.30

Yearva ST

No

85 P.M. Nanji.

Deyyada Hadlu Hadi.

Chennangi Village.


Taluk.

Husband. Mara.

0167

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

0.30

Yearva ST

No

86 P.S. Annappa.

Deyyada Hadlu Hadi.

Chennangi Village.


Taluk.

Father. –Subba

Wife. J.K. Neela

0168

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

1.60

Yearva ST

No

436

87 Y.C. Mutha.

Deyyada Hadlu Hadi.

Chennangi Village.

Chennan Kote.

Virajpet Taluk.

Father. –

Chama/ Kala

WifeY.K. Ponni

0169

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

1.70

Yearva ST

Foc No

78/

2002-03

88 Y.R. Basava.

Deyyada Hadlu Hadi.

Chennangi Village.

Chennan Kote.

Virajpet Taluk

Father.–

Late Ranga

Wife. Y.R. Joshi

0170

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

1.10

Yearva ST

Foc No

79/

2002-03

89 J.K. Baby. Deyyada

Hadlu Hadi. Chennangi

Village.

Chennan Kote.

Virajpet Taluk

Father- J. Putta.

Husband-

Thammu

0171

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

1.60

Jenukurba

ST

No

90 P.K. Subba.

Deyyada Hadlu Adivasi

Hadi. Chennangi

Village.

Chennan Kote.

Virajpet Taluk

Father- Kariya

Wife- P.S. Gopi

0758

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

1.25

Yerava

ST

No

91 Y.P. Raju.




Taluk

Father- Papu

Wife-

P.M. Manjula

0759

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

1.00

Yerava

ST

No

92 Y.K. Lakshmana.




Taluk

Father-

P.K. Kencha

Wife-

Y.L. Kalamma

0760

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

0.92

Yerava

ST

No

93 Y.P. Appanna.


Hadi. Chennangi

Village.

Chennan Kote.

Virajpet Taluk

Father. P.P.

Papu

Wife. P.S. Baby

0761

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

1.60

Jenukurba

ST

No

437

94 Y.R Siddappaji.


Hadi. Chennangi

Village.

Chennan Kote.

Virajpet Taluk

Father.

Y.K.Ramu

Wife. Y.R.

Kaveri

0762

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

1.30

Jenukurba

ST

No

95 Kencha J.B.

Chottepare Hadi,

Chennangi Village.

Chennayankote

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Basuva

0097

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

2.25

Jenukurba

ST

No

96 Muthumani. J.L

Chottepare Hadi,

Chennangi Village.

Chennayankote

Virajpet Taluk.

Father. Linga.

Wife. Komala

0098

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

2.60

Jenukurba

ST

No

97 Papanna J.B.

Chottepare Hadi,

Chennangi Village.

Chennayankote

Virajpet Taluk.

Father. Basava.

Wife.

Chandravathi

0099

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

2.25

Jenukurba

ST

No

98 J.S. Thammaiah.

Chottepare Hadi,

Chennangi Village.

Chennayankote

Virajpet Taluk.

Father. Sidda.

Wife. Jaya

0100

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

4.00

Jenukurba

ST

No

99 Basappa J.K..

Chottepare Hadi,

Chennangi Village.

Chennayankote

Virajpet Taluk.

Father. Kencha

Wife. Savithri

0101

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

3.70

Jenukurba

ST

No

100 Kencha J.K..

Chottepare Hadi,

Chennangi Village.

Chennayankote

Virajpet Taluk.

Father. Kariya

Wife. Gowru

0102

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

2.60

Jenukurba

ST

Foc No

24/

2002

438

101 Ramu J.K. Chottepare

Hadi,

Chennangi Village.

Chennayankote

Virajpet Taluk.

Father. Kencha

Wife.Lakshmi

0103

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

3.70

Jenukurba

ST

No

102 Ramu J.K. Chottepare

Hadi,

Chennangi Village.

Chennayankote

Virajpet Taluk.

Father. Kencha

Wife.Lakshmi

0104

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

0.15

Jenukurba

ST

No

103 Manju J.K.

Chottepare Hadi,

Chennangi Village.

Chennayankote Virajpet

Taluk.

Father. Kencha

Wife.Rani

0105

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

2.10

Jenukurba

ST

No

104 Raju J.K. Chottepare

Hadi,

Chennangi Village.


Taluk.

Father- Kala

Wife- Radha

0106

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

3.10

Jenukurba

ST

No

105 Janu J.S.

Chottepare Hadi,

Chennangi Village.


Taluk.

Husband-

Subba.

0107

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

3.50

Jenukurba

ST

No

106 J.S. Rajanna.

Chottepare Hadi,

Chennangi Village.


Taluk.

Father- Subba

Wife- Seethe

0108

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

0.80

Jenukurba

ST

No

107 J.S. Byra. Chottepare

Hadi,

Chennangi Village.


Taluk.

Father- Sidda

Wife- Kali

0109

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

0.60

Jenukurba

ST

No

108 Gange J.R.

Chottepare Hadi,

Chennangi Village.


Taluk.

Husband-

Rama

0110

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

0.80

Jenukurba

ST

No

439

109 Raghu J.R.

Chottepare Hadi,

Chennangi Village.

Chennayankote

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Rama

( Rangaiah)

Wife- Gowri

0111

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

0.60

Jenukurba

ST

No

110 Muthappa J.M.

Chottepare Hadi,

Chennangi Village.

Chennayankote

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Mutta

Wife- Prema

0112

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

1.60

Jenukurba

ST

No

111 J.R. Rami.

Chottepare Hadi,

Chennangi Village.


Taluk.

Husband-

Rama

0113

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

2.00

Jenukurba

ST

No

112 PuttaRaju.J.K

Chottepare Hadi,

Chennangi Village.


Taluk.

Father-

Kalinga

Wife- Saroja

0114

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

5.00

Jenukurba

ST

No

113 Mutha J.B.

Chottepare Hadi,

Chennangi Village.


Taluk.

Father- Byra

Wife- Shanthi

0115

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

3.80

Jenukurba

ST

No

114 Kulla J.K.

Chottepare Hadi,

Chennangi Village.


Taluk.

Father- Kariya

0116

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

0.50

Jenukurba

ST

No

115 Gange J.P.

Chottepare Hadi,

Chennangi Village.


Taluk.

Husband- Putta

0117

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

2.40

Jenukurba

ST

No

116 J.M. Gowri.

Chottepare Hadi,

Chennangi Village.


Taluk.

Husband-

Mutta

0118

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

3.30

Jenukurba

ST

No

440

117 Rajappa J.M.

Chottepare Hadi,

Chennangi Village.

Chennayankote

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-

Mutta Ganesh

Wife- Latha

0119

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

3.20

Jenukurba

ST

No

118 Raju J.K.

Chottepare Hadi,

Chennangi Village.

Chennayankote

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-

Kalinga

Wife- Ammuni

0120

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

1.40

Jenukurba

ST Foc No

27/2002

119 Rajamani J.P. Chottepare

Hadi,

Chennangi Village.


Taluk.

Father- Agala

Wife-

Neelamma

0121

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

0.80

Jenukurba

ST

Foc No

31/2002

120 Sannappa .

Chottepare Hadi,

Chennangi Village.


Taluk.

Father- Putta

(Govinda)

Wife- Susheela

0122

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

0.40

Jenukurba

ST

Foc No

29/2002

121 Susheela J.B Chottepare

Hadi,

Chennangi Village.


Taluk.

Husband- Babu

0123

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

0.80

Jenukurba

ST

No

122 Raju J.B. Chottepare

Hadi,

Chennangi Village.


Taluk

Father- Boja

Wife- Shanthi

0124

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

0.80

Jenukurba

ST

No

123 Kalamma J.H.

Chottepare Hadi,

Chennangi Village.


Taluk

Husband-

Honna

0125

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

1.50

Jenukurba

ST

No

124 Boja J.K. Chottepare

Hadi,

Chennangi Village.


Taluk.

Father- Kencha

Wife- Gowri

0126

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

1.30

Jenukurba

ST

Foc No

25/2002

441

125 Raghu J.P.

Chottepare Hadi,

Chennangi Village.

Chennayankote

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Putta

Wife- Janaki

0127

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

1.50

Jenukurba

ST

No

126 Annappa J.K.

Chottepare Hadi,

Chennangi Village.

Chennayankote

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Kencha

Wife- Latha

J.A

0128

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

0.80

Jenukurba

ST

No

127 Boja J.B. Chottepare

Hadi,

Chennangi Village.


Taluk.

Father- Basava

Wife-

Parvathy

0129

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

0.90

Jenukurba

ST

Foc No

26/2002

128 J.M. Mani. Chottepare

Hadi,

Chennangi Village.

Chennayankote

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Mutha

Wife- Meena

0764

No

Virajpet,

Ammathi

Chennangi

106/7A

2.60

Jenukurba

ST

No

129 P.C. Chatha

Reshme Hadlu, Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-

Late Sidda

Wife- Thimmi

0524

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

0.90

Yerava

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

130 J.B. Ganesh,

Reshme Hadlu, Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Bolla

Wife-Kaveri

0525

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

1.60

Junu kurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

131 J.R. Muthu.

Reshme Hadlu, Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Ramu

Wife-Kamali

J.M.

0526

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

1.40

Junu kurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola Foc

No

116/

2002-03

442

132 J.L. Muthu.

Reshme Hadlu, Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-

Late Linga

Wife- J.B. Rami

0527

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

1.00

Yerava

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

133 J.B. Rama.

Reshme Hadlu, Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-

Late Bolla

Wife- Gowri

0528

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

2.85

Yerava

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola Foc No

112/

2002-03

134 J.B. Annu.

Reshme Hadlu, Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Linga

Wife- Meena

0529

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

0.55

Yerava

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

135 J.K. Thimma.

Reshme Hadlu, Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Kodangi

Basava

Wife- Parvathy

0530

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

0.30

Yerava

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

136 P.M. Raju.

Reshme Hadlu, Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Late

Mara

Wife- Devakki

0531

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

0.20

Yerava. ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

137 J.M. Rama.

Reshme Hadlu, Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-

Late J.T. Mutta

Wife-

Gangamma

0532

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

2.00

Jenukurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

138 P.S. Seethe.

Reshme Hadlu, Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-

Late. Sidda

0533

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

1.10

Yerava

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

443

139 P.C. Gange.

Reshme Hadlu, Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Sidda.P

Husband – Kala

0534

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

1.10

Yerava

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

140 P.S. Subba.

Reshme Hadlu, Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Sidda.

Wife-

Neelamma

0535

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

1.50

Jenukuruba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola Foc No

120/

2002-03

141 B.M. Kala.

Reshme Hadlu, Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-

Sannamara

Wife- Manjula

0536

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

7.25

Kuruba ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

142 P.C. Raju.

Reshme Hadlu, Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Chanda

Wife- Gowri

0537

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

4.05

Kurba ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

143 P.C. Papu.

Reshme Hadlu, Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Late

Chikanna

Wife- Pushpa

0538

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

0.30

Yerava ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

144 P.P. Sidda.

Reshme Hadlu, Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Late

Paka

Wife- Gowri

0539

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

1.50

Yerava ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

145 P.M. Mutha.

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Mara

Wife- Gange

0540

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

1.90

Yerava ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

444

146 P.P. Gowri.

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Late

Paka

Husband. Late

Rama

0541

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

1.00

Jenukurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

147 P.P. Gowri.

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Late

Paka

Husband –Late

Rama

0542

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

0.35

Jenukurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

148 Chikki

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Husband – Kala

0543

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

1.00

Yerava ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

149 Chikki

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Husband –Late

Kala

0544

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

1.10

Yerava ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

150 Y.S. Nanji

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Wife- Late Nelly

0545

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

0.75

Yerava ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

151 Mallige B.K.

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father – Chanda

Husband – Papu

0546

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

8.00

JenuKuruba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

152 P.S Shanthi

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father – Nanja

Husband –

Subba

0547

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

0.80

Yerava ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

153 P.M. Raju.

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father –Late

Mara

0548

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

0.85

Yerava ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

445

154 Sanna J.B.

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father –

Govinda

Wife - Sarasu

0549

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

1.50

Jenu Kurba

ST

Actual Sy

No 303 Bhadragol

a

Foc No 114/

2002-03

155 P.K. Ashoka.

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father –

P.B.Kala

Wife – Savitha

0550

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

0.40

Yerava ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrago

la

156 J.K. Kencha.

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father –Putta

Wife – Gowri

0551

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

2.00

Jenukurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrago

la

157 J.H. Hejjaiah. Reshme

Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father –Honna

Wife –

Sannamma

0552

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

0.70

Jenukurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrago

la

Foc No

94/

2002-03

158 J.P. Rama.

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father –Putta

Wife –

Sannajayamma

0553

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

0.80

Jenukurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

159 Kencha J.P.

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father –Putta

Wife – Kali

0554

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

0.95

Jenukurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

160 J.R. Ravi.

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father –Ranga

Wife –J.R.

Gowri

0555

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

0.55

Jenukurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrago

la

Foc No-

93/

2002-03

446

161 J.D. Kariya.

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father –Dasa

Wife –J.

Jayanthy

0556

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

1.00

Jenukurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

162 J.S. Kencha.

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father –Subba

Wife –Parvathi

0557

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

0.95

Jenukurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

163 J.G. Thimma.

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father –Gopala

Wife –Geetha

0558

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

0.85

Jenukurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

164 J.S. Gopala.

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father –Late

Basava

Wife –Kenchi

0559

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

2.55

Jenukurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

165 J.P. Ramu.

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

-

0560

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

0.30

Jenukurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

166 Shanthi C.S.

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Husband- Mara

0561

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

1.00

Jenukurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

167 P.M. Raju.

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-

Late Mara

0562

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

0.80

Yerava ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

168 P.C. Appi.

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father –

P.S. Chikka

Wife –Rathi

0563

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

0.50

Yerava ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

447

169 Subash P.R.

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Mother- Kaveri

Wife –Jayanthi

0564

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

0.70

Yerava ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

170 Boji P.C.

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-

Late Basava

Husband- Late

Chatha

0565

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

0.50

Yerava ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

171 J.K. Suresh.

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Kencha

Wife – Gowri

0566

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

0.28

Jenukurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

172 J.K. Ramu.

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Honna

Wife – J. Kulli

0567

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

0.40

Jenukurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

173 J.K. Rajanna.

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-J. Kencha

Wife –

J.R. Neelamma

0568

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

0.50

Jenukurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola Foc No

104/

2002-03

174 J.K. Rajanna.

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Mutha

Wife – Shanthi

0569

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

0.60

Jenukurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

448

175 Rajappa J.L.

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Linga

Wife – Lalitha

0570

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

0.60

Jenukurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

176 J.L. Chandra.

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Linga

Wife – Leela

0571

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

0.20

Jenukurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

177 J.P. Raju.

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Late

Putta

Wife – Janu

0572

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

0.12

Jenukurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

178 J.R.Chandru .

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Ramu

J.H.

0573

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

0.12

Jenukurba

ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

179 Kavery. P.C.

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Chama

Husband- Late

Rama

0574

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

0.25

Yerava ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

180 Chinni.

Reshme Hadlu,Hadi,

Dodda Reshme Hadlu

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Late

Kala.

Husband-

Choma

0575

31-8-2010

Virajpet,

Ponnampet

Nookya

104/6

2.10

Yerava ST

Actual

Sy No

303

Bhadrag

ola

449

181 Ravi P.M.

Chikka Reshme,

Adivasi Hadi,

Chennangi,

Chennankote,

Virajpet Taluk

Father-

Late.Mara

0053

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-1

2.40

Panjari

Yerava ST

No

182 Ramu P.S.

Chikka Reshme,

Adivasi Hadi,

Chennangi,

Chennankote,

Virajpet Taluk

Father- Subba

Wife- Boji

0054 13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-2 2.00 Yerava ST No

183 Ashoka P.N.

Chikka Reshme,

Adivasi Hadi,

Chennangi,

Chennankote,

Virajpet Taluk

Father-Nanja

Wife-Kaveri

P.A. 0055

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A


184 Kashi P.S. Chikka

Reshme, Adivasi Hadi,

Chennangi,

Chennankote,

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Subba

Wife-Madi

0056

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A


185 Boji P.

Chikka Reshme,

Adivasi Hadi,

Chennangi,

Chennankote,

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Ranga

Husband-

Late Rajappa

P.S 0057

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A


186 Kala P.M.

Chikka Reshme,

Adivasi Hadi,

Chennangi,

Chennankote,

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Malla

Wife-Monni

0058 13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A


450

187 Rahgu Y. S.

Chikka Reshme,

Adivasi Hadi,

Chennangi,

Chennankote,

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Sidda

Wife-

Gowramma

0059 13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-7 0.50

Panjari

Yearav ST No

188 Putti P.K. Chikka


Chennangi,

Chennankote,

Virajpet Taluk.

Husband- Late

Belli

0060

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-8

2.50

Yearav ST

No

189 Soma Y.K.

Chikka Reshme,

Adivasi Hadi,

Chennangi,

Chennankote,

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Late.

Kala

Wife-Late

Lakshmi

0061

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-9

1.50

Yearav ST

No

190 Gange P.C.

Chikka Reshme,

Adivasi Hadi,

Chennangi,

Chennankote,

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Chatha

Husband- Late

Chatha

0062

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-10

0.40

Yearav ST

No

191 Soma Y.S.

Chikka Reshme,

Adivasi Hadi,

Chennangi,

Chennankote,

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-

Late Subba

Wife- Jyothi P.K

0063

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-11

1.50

Yearav ST

No

192 Devi P.J.

Chikka Reshme,

Adivasi Hadi,

Chennangi,

Chennankote,

Virajpet Taluk.

Husband -

Late Mara

0064

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-12

0.30

Yearav ST

No

451

193 Kala P.J.

Chikka Reshme,

Adivasi Hadi,

Chennangi,

Chennankote,

Virajpet Taluk

Father-

Jogi

Wife- Devi

0065

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-13

1.10

Yearav ST

No

194 Chikki. P.P.

Chikka Reshme,

Adivasi Hadi,

Chennangi,

Chennankote,

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Kunte

Husband- Late

P.K. Kunte

0066

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-14

6.00

Yearav ST

No

195 Pembi P.M.

Chikka Reshme,

Adivasi Hadi,

Chennangi,

Chennankote,

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Chatha

Husband- Late

Macha

0067

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-15

0.70

Yearav ST

No

196 Boji P.M.

Chikka Reshme,

Adivasi Hadi,

Chennangi,

Chennankote,

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Late

Kala

Husband- Mutha

0068

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-16

3.30

Yearav ST

No

197 Mada P.P. Chikka


Chennangi,

Chennankote,

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Putta

Wife-Gange

P.M.

0069

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-17

2.20

Yearav ST

No

198 Chatha P.S. Chikka


Chennangi,

Chennankote,

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Subba

Wife-Boji.

0070

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-18

1.50

Yearav ST

No

452

199 Mutha P.M.

Chikka Reshme,

Adivasi Hadi,

Chennangi,

Chennankote,

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Macha

Wife-Neela

0071

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-19

3.30

Yearav ST

Foc No

88/

2002-03

200 Boja P.K.

Chikka Reshme,

Adivasi Hadi,

Chennangi,

Chennankote,

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Kala

Wife-Subbi Y.R

0073

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-21

2.00

Yearav ST

No

201 Kaveri Y.M. Chikka


Chennangi,

Chennankote,

Virajpet Taluk.

Husband- Late

Jogi

0074

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-22

3.00

Yearav ST

No

202 Karpi P.J

Chikka Reshme,

Adivasi Hadi,

Chennangi,

Chennankote,

Virajpet Taluk.

Husband- Late

Rama

0075

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-23

2.30

Yearav ST

No

203 Chikki P.M.

Chikka Reshme,

Adivasi Hadi,

Chennangi,

Chennankote,

Virajpet Taluk.

Husband- Late

Mani

0076

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-24

0.50

Yearav ST

No

204 Mare P.C.

Chikka Reshme,

Adivasi Hadi,

Chennangi,

Chennankote,

Virajpet Taluk.

Husband- Late

Chatha

0077

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-26

0.60

Yearav ST

No

453

205 J.T. Seena

Kesuvena Kere

Adivasi Hadi

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Thimma

Wife- Neela

0078

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-1

2.20

Jenukurba

ST

No

206 J.K. Krishna.

Kesuvena Kere

Adivasi Hadi

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Thimma

Wife- Kamala

0079

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-2

1.90

Jenukurba

ST

No

207 J.S. Rama.

Kesuvena Kere

Adivasi Hadi

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Late

Subba

Wife- J.R

Janakki

0080

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-3

0.45

Jenukurba

ST

No

208 J.R. Thimma.

Kesuvena Kere

Adivasi Hadi

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Late

Ranga

Wife- Honni

0081

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-4

2.20

Jenukurba

ST

No

209 P.K. Malla.

Kesuvena Kere

Adivasi Hadi

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Late P.

Kariya

Wife- P.M.

Lakshmi

0082

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-5

2.80

Yerava ST

No

210 Y.M. Suresha

Kesuvena Kere

Adivasi Hadi

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-

P.K. Malla

Wife- Y.S. Mare

0083

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-6

0.40

Yerava ST

Foc No

82/

2002-03

211 P.J. Nelli.

Kesuvena Kere

Adivasi Hadi

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Jogi

Wife- Kaveri

0084

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-7

0.42

Yerava ST

Foc No

81/

2002-03

454

212 P.M. Soma.

Kesuvena Kere

Adivasi Hadi

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Mara

Wife- Kaveri

0085

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-8

1.55

Yerava ST

No

213 P.K. Racha. Kesuvena

Kere

Adivasi Hadi

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Kariya

Wife- Devi

0086

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-9

0.32

Yerava ST

No

214 P.K. Nanja. Kesuvena

Kere

Adivasi Hadi

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Kariya

Wife- Kali

0087

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-10

0.25

Yerava ST

Foc No

50/

2002-03

215 P.M. Sidda.

Kesuvena Kere

Adivasi Hadi

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- P. Mada

Wife- Gowri

0088

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-11

0.25

Yerava ST

No

216 P.M. Annu.

Kesuvena Kere

Adivasi Hadi

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- P. Mara

Wife- P.A.

Savithri

0089

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-12

0.25

Yerava ST

No

217 P.B. Mutha.

Kesuvena Kere

Adivasi Hadi

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-

Late Bachi

Wife-

P.M.Gowri

0090

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-13

1.30

Yerava ST

No

218 P.S. Mani.

Kesuvena Kere

Adivasi Hadi

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father- Sidda

Wife- Manju

0091

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-14

0.25

Yerava ST

No

455

219 P.R. Mota.

Kesuvena Kere

Adivasi Hadi

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-Ranga

Wife- P.M. Nagi

0092

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-15

1.20

Yerava ST

No

220 P.B. Raju.

Kesuvena Kere

Adivasi Hadi

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-P. Boja

Wife- P.R.

Muthi

0093

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-16

0.80

Yerava ST

No

221 P.B. Rama

Kesuvena Kere

Adivasi Hadi

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk.

Father-P. Boja

Wife- P.R. Devi

0094

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-17

1.00

Yerava ST

Foc No

83/

2002-03

222 P.R. Mutha. Kesuvena

Kere

Adivasi Hadi

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk

Father-Ranga

Wife- Setthe

0095

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-18

1.80

Yerava ST

No

223 P.K. Boja Kesuvena

Kere

Adivasi Hadi

Chennangi Village

Virajpet Taluk

Father-Kariya

Wife- Chomi

0096

13-1-2010

Virajpet,

Ammathy

Chennangi

106/7A

Block-19

1.50

Yerava ST

No

290.645

Abstract

Range No. of Right

Holders

Extent of area for which

Hakkupatra distributed in acres

Makut 14 2.04

Thithimathi 223 290.645

Grand Total 237 292.685

Name &

RF/VF/DF

Notificatio

n No. &

Date.

Gazette

details.

District Taluk. Hobli. Village. Sy.No. Area

encroach

ed (in

Ha).

Area

encroached

(in Acre).

Name of the

encroachers.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

1

Land

Transferred

from Revenue

Forest

Department.

(Paisari)

- - Kodagu Virajpet Hudikeri Hysodlur 1/1 0.202 0.50 Kurubara Linga 1

2 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Hysodlur 1/1 0.202 0.50 Kurubara Boja 1

3 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Hysodlur 1/1 0.202 0.50 Kurubara Rama 1

4 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Hysodlur 1/1 0.809 2.00 Nurera Ramesh 1

5 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Hysodlur 1/1 0.809 2.00 Madira Pemmaiah 1

6 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Hysodlur 1/1 0.809 2.00 Bojjangada Nachappa 1

7 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Hysodlur 1/1 1.214 3.00 Mandangada M.Raghu 1

8 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Kongana 161,162 0.810 2.00 Kademada Sannu 1

9 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- Ponnampet Kongana 161,162 0.810 2.00 Kademada K Appaiah 1

10 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Kongana 161,162 1.215 3.00 Kademada N

Bheemaiah

1

11 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Kongana 161,162 1.215 3.00 Kademada N Biddappa 1

Sl.

No

Forest Block Details. Detals of Encroached/unauthorisedly occupied land. Remar

ks.

DETAILS OF ENCROACHMENT IN PAISARY LAND

Annexure - XLX (c )

Details of Encroachment of Paisari lands in Virajpet division

475

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

12 Kongana 161,162 1.215 3.00 Kademada Sari 1

13 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Kongana 161,162 1.215 3.00 Namera lathesh 1

14 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Kongana 161,162 0.810 2.00 Namera N.Chinnappa 1

15 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Kongana 161,162 0.810 2.00 Namera B.Naveen 1

16 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Kongana 161,162 1.215 3.00 Namera N.Nanjappa 1

17 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Begoor 175/1 1.215 3.00 C.A.Aiyanna 5

18 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- Hudikeri Kongana 161, 162 1.215 3.00 Namera N.Kariappa 1

19 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- Hudikeri Kongana 161, 162 0.810 2.00 Namera S Bheemaiah 1

20 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- Balele Kongana 161, 162 0.810 2.00 Namera G Dada 1

21 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Kongana 161, 162 0.810 2.00 Kademada M Ramesh 1

22 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Hysodlur 1/1 0.810 2.00 Changulanda Poovaiah 1

23 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Begoor 175/1 1.21 3.00 Matranda Nachappa 1

24 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Begoor 175/1 1.21 3.00 Matranda Uthappa 1

25 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- .-"- Begoor 175/1 1.21 3.00 M.B.Aiyappa 1

26 .-"- - - .-"- .-"- Ponnampet Kongana 161, 162 1.21 3.00 Thithimada N.Biddappa 1

TOTAL: 24.067 59.50

306 Cases 1706.72 Acres

26 Cases 59.50 Acres.

332 Cases 1766.22 Acres.TOTAL:

Abstract

Total No.of Cases in

Notified forest

Total No.of Cases in

Paisary Land

476

Working Plan for Virajpet Forest Division

Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore I

Working Plan of Virajpet Forest Division

Executive summery

1.1.1 Name - This working plan deals with the areas falling under the territorial jurisdiction

of Virajpet forest division consisting of Virajpet, Thithimathi, Ponnampet, Makut and

Mundrote ranges in Kodagu district. Besides reserved forest areas, the plan also deals with

the areas falling under the categories of Paisari, Devarakadus, Jammamalais etc.

1.1.2 Area - Virajpet forest division was formed by shifting the post of wildlife division,

Mysore vide Government Order No: AHFF/83/FNG/92 Bangalore dated: 8/5/92 by carving

out certain areas from the old Madikeri division and old Hunsur division as they existed

before 1992.The division is bounded on the north by Madikeri forest division and

Talacauvery wildlife sanctuary, on the south by Kerala State, on the east by Hunsur wildlife

division and on the west by Kerala State and Madikeri forest division. The total length of the

forest boundary is 350 kms of which 72 kms constitute inter-state boundary between

Karnataka and Kerala along the southern and western sides of Virajpet division.The total

geographical area of the division is 1410.48 sq. kms. Out of this, the notified forest is about

23%.

1.1.3 Situation -The boundary of the division lies between latitudes 11o

55' to 12o

20' north

and between longitudes 75o 25' to 76

o 05' east of Greenwich.

1.1.4 Topography and altitude - The tract has mountainous configuration with rivers,

valleys, ravines, spurs etc. The tract becomes undulating and plains towards the east, while

towards the west, it attains great heights with precipitous slopes. The general elevation of the

tract varies from 100 m to 1745 m. The highest peak of Kodagu district, Tadiandmol, with an

elevation of 1745 m. is situated in this tract.

1.1.5 Rock & Soil - The underlying rock is the peninsular gneiss in the various stages of

disintegration. The peninsular gneiss consists of granite gneiss and banded gneiss. At many

places granites are exposed as massive and rounded boulders or can be seen as outcrop. The

availability of economically important minerals in the region is poor. In the eastern part,

especially in the Devamachi and Mavukal reserved forests, soils are clayey loam and deep.


Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore II

But in the western and southwest parts soil is laterite, lateritic bright red or yellow in colour.

In some patches, they are loamy but having a sandy top layer.

1.2 CLIMATIC PARAMETERS

1.2.1 Climate - The climate of the region may be broadly termed as tropical except at the

higher reaches of the hills where it is montane sub-tropical.

1.2.2 Rainfall - There is wide variation of rainfall in the western and eastern parts. It

decreases from west to east. In the western part, Makut and Mundrote receive rainfall of

about 5290 mm while in the eastern part, Thithimathi receives about 1000 mm rainfall.

Eighty percent of the rainfall is received during the period of southwest monsoon. Average

rainfall from 11 years data analysis is found to be 2273 mm in the division.

1.2.3 Temperature - Temperature also varies considerably from top of the hills to the

foothills. The mean maximum and mean minimum temperature is 28.6oC and 12.0

oC

respectively.

1.2.4 Humidity- In general air remains quite humid all through the year, particularly in rainy

season. Fog is also quite common in the region except during the period from March to May.

1.2.5 Winds - The winds are generally light to moderate and sometimes become severe

during the southwest monsoon.

1.3 WATER SUPPLY.


rivers, which ultimately join the Bay of Bengal. As the area is situated in the Western Ghats

that receive heavy to very heavy rainfall, there are several rivulets and streams of seasonal or

perennial nature transecting the area and later joining the tributaries of the main rivers.

Barapole is the only important river that flows towards the west and joins the Arabian Sea.

1.4 DISTRIBUTION AND AREA.

1.4.1 - In the old Coorg district, various areas had been reserved from time to time in the past

under the provisions of Indian Forest Act, 1878 as per the orders of the Chief Commissioner

of Coorg. The reserved forests were under the absolute control of Forest department for all

purposes. The areas outside the reserved forests were burdened with numerous rights and

concessions for the local people for their day-to-day needs. This unrestricted access had made


Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore III

the areas badly degraded. The Government by its order dated 8/5/78 had transferred Paisari

and C and D class lands to the Forest department from the Revenue department for their

management. Besides, certain other categories of Government lands like Devarakadu also

have been transferred to Forest department. There are four reserved forests in the division

namely Padinalknad RF, Kerti RF, Mavukal RF and Devamachi RF with a total extent of

30348.237 ha.

1.4.2 In addition to the reserved forests, 491.889 ha of land has been notified under section-4.

Virajpet division consists of 120 villages of Virajpet taluk and 13 villages of

Madikeri taluk. Most of the forest and non-forest government lands, which are with the

Forest department, have already been updated in the revenue records. Parts of Paisari and C

and D lands have already been notified as reserved forests or under section 4 of Karnataka

Forest Act 1963. Some of these Devarakadus, Paisari lands and C and D lands were already

encroached at the time of transfer of these lands. The remaining available area of these non-

forest government lands is under different stages of survey, demarcation and settlement.

There is no cases of diversion of forests in the division. So far 292.685 acres of forest

land rights have been given to 237 families in the division covering Thithimathi and Makut

ranges under Forest Right Act.

1.5 SURVEY POSITION.

1.5.1 - All the Reserved forests in the division have been surveyed in the past. In order to

check the present boundary status, survey and demarcation of all the reserved forests of the

division have to be done during this working plan period. There is a necessity to survey and

demarcate devarakadus and Sec – 4 notified areas of the division. The compartment

boundaries of the reserved forests have to be surveyed and demarcated again on the ground

during the plan period.

1.6 WORKING PLAN POSITION.

1.6.1 - Mr. Ajay Misra wrote the working of newly created Virajpet division for the period

from 2001-02 to 2010-2011. After the expiry of Ajay Misra‟s plan on 31st March-2011, a

working scheme was submitted for the year 2012-13 and it was approved by the Central

Government. There was no sanctioned plan for the period from 2011-12 to 2013-14. During

this period no logging operations were carried out in the division and only limited extent of


Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore IV

afforestation activities were taken up depending on the available fund. The present plan has

been prepared for the period 2014-15 to 2023-24.

1.7 - LEGAL POSITION.

Lands have been classified in the division as per the land tenure system prevalent in

the erstwhile Coorg State. The reserve forests as notified under Section 19 of Indian Forest

Act, 1878 fall under the absolute administrative control of Forest department. The other land

tenures include Jammamalais, Coffeemalais, Devarakadus, Paisari, Uruduve, Sagu,

Genimalai etc.

In the past it has been observed that Genimalais have been mismanaged and badly

damaged by the lessees. These leases expired in 1975. Subsequently, the leases were not

renewed and the areas were resumed back.

1.8 RIGHTS - The rights and concessions in the reserved forests are those as settled during

the time of notification of the areas under Section 19 of Indian Forest Act, 1878. Right of

way is the common right as admitted at different places in the reserved forests. The people

living in the enclosures enjoy their rights without any problem.

1.9 - COMMITMENTS.

An extent of 521.76 ha and 2.83 ha.of forest lands in Kerti and Urti reserved forest

were leased to M/s Portland Rubber Co. Ltd., on 6/10/1913 for 999 years starting from 1911-

12 for Rubber cultivation by then Chief Commissioner of Coorg. Subsequently in the year

1940 the period of the lease was reduced from 999 years to 99 years vide gazette notification

no. 28(1) 38 dt. 15/6/40 by the Chief Commissioner of Coorg. The state government vide

order No: FEE-192/FLL-2008, Bangalore dated: 19.12.2012 ordered to restrict the lease

period as 99 years in respect of the private rubber companies in Kodagu district.

2.1 - COMPOSITION AND CONDITION OF CROP.

2.1.1 - Because of marked variation in rainfall, altitude, aspect, slope and intensity of biotic

interference, wide range of forests can be seen in the division. Past management practices

coupled with other biotic factors have changed the status of vegetation at many places.

Mostly good forests are confined to the eastern and western slopes of the Ghats.


Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore V

The tropical evergreen forests confined to the Ghats have luxuriant vegetation

forming several strata with very tall trees often with buttressed stems. In top story important

species like Artocarpushirsute, Veteriaindica, Canariumstrictum, Hardwickiapinnata,

Dipterocarpusindicusetc., are found. The middle story consists of Chrysophyllumroxburghii,

Vitexaltissima, Hydnocarpuswightiana, Diospyrosnilagiricaetc., the under storey consists of

Limoniaacidissima, Macarangapeltata, Memecylanedule, Allophylluscobbeetc.,

Besides the above species of Canes and Reeds are found.

The mixed deciduous forests, which are found in Thithimathi range, comprise of

species that remain leafless during December to June and are seen around the fringe openings

of lower slopes and in plains.

Bambusa bamboos and Dendrocalamusstrictus occur as an under storey and the

former is more common.

2.1.2 - Condition of the Crop.

As these forests have been worked in the past, the reasons like faulty management

practices, fire, grazing, erosion etc. have caused changes in different degrees at various

places. In Thithimathi, in addition to the problems of fire, grazing and other biotic factors, the

invasion of weeds like Lantana and Eupatorium in forests, has made it difficult for

regeneration to come up.

2.1.3 - Forest types:

The forests of the division are tropical moist and dry types. Following are the main

types of forests found in the division:

1. Moist Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests (IA/C3) :–

It is confined to the Ghats and the vegetation forms several strata with very tall

trees. These forests in most of the areas appear to be climatic climax and are found

mainly in the Kerti and Padinalknad reserved forests.

2. Moist Tropical Semi-evergreen Forests (I/2A): –


deciduous forest types.


Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore VI

3. Moist Deciduous Forests (3B/C2): –

This type of forest is seen around the fringes, opening of lower slopes and in

plains, mainly in the Devamachi and Mavukal reserved forests.

4. Dry Deciduous Forests (5A/C3): –

These types of forests are found in the degraded portions of Devamachi and

Mavkal reserved forests.

2.1.4 - Grass lands.

In Mundrote and Makut ranges, these grasslands are seen on top of the ridges and

these continue to exist because of annual fires. These can be classified as high rainfall

grasslands, normally at an altitude above 750 m, and low rainfall grasslands, usually at an

altitude below 750 m.

2.1.5 - Swamps:

These are commonly called ‘Hadlus’ in the local language. These are swampy flat

lands, which exist at different places in varying extents.

The forests in the Padinalknad Reserved forest and Kerti Reserved forest can be

broadly classified under the category of evergreen and semi evergreen type.

2.1.6 - Fauna:

Variety of fauna is found in Virajpet division. Rugged terrain, dense forests,

lushgreen valleys and perennial water streams flowing across the area offer ideal habitat for

wide range of mammals, reptiles, fishes, amphibians, birds and insects. But increasing human

population and consequent shrinkage and degradation of the habitat have had adverse impact

on wildlife.

3.1 - INJURIES TO WHICH THE CROP IS LIABLE.

The most common forms of injuries to the crop in these forests are due to smuggling,

fire, wild animals, insects, climbers, grazing, parasites and epiphytes.


Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore VII

UTLISATION OF THE PRODUCE.

3.1.1 - Demand for various forest produce from forest areas for local consumption is less

except in and around Devamachi and Mavkal reserved forests where some tribal people live.

The tribals meet their bonafide needs locally from the surrounding forests. In the private

areas under plantation crops, sufficient firewood and timber is produced to meet the local

needs.

Grazing is one of the essential needs of the local agriculturist population for their

cattle. Stall feeding is not practiced much in the locality.

3.2 - MARKETABLE PRODUCE.

3.2.1 - Some of the marketable forest products in the division are Timber, Firewood,

Bamboos, Canes and Reeds and Non-timber Forest Produce.

3.3 - MARKETS AND LINES OF EXPORT.

The major depots of the division are Thithimathi and Vatekolli. The salvaged material

from dead and fallen trees or teak poles (if plantation thinnings are carried out), are brought

to these depots and auction sold. The main markets are Calicut in Kerala, and Hunsur,

Mysore and even Bangalore in Karnataka.

3.4 - METHODS OF EXPLOITATION.

Extraction is done by departmentally or KSFIC. Only dead and fallen trees are

extracted. For extraction combination of axe and saws is used. For conversion, only saws are

used. Even billets and firewood are sized by saws. All the logs are taken in the round form by

cutting at either end by crosscut saws.

4.1- ACTIVITIES OF KARNATAKA FOREST DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION

In Virajpet division, the services of Karnataka State Forest Industry Corporation

(KSFIC) are taken in thinning of teak plantations and in logging activity in natural forest for

extraction of deed and fallen trees.


Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore VIII

4.1.1 - Socio - Economic Situation:-

The other important requirements of the local people are bamboo, timber for house

construction, small timber for agricultural implements and NTFP like honey, tree moss,

cashew, Gulmavu bark, Nellikai, Dhupa seeds etc. The bamboo is used for construction of

dwelling houses by the poor and also used for making baskets, furniture and other bamboo

crafts. NTFPs collection is normally being done by LAMPS (Large Area Multi Purpose

Society) through its members who are tribals. Virajpet is well known for timber trade

specially teak. Tithimati teak is noted for its quality and durability. There are 10 sawmills in

Virajpet division.

4.1.2 - JFPM Programme And Forest Resource Management:-

Under F.D.A., 19 EDCs (Devarkadu Thakka MukyastharaVedike) were formed.

These were formed primarily to protect and manage Devarakadus. As per the guidelines, 6

Village Forest Committees (VFCs) have been formed under KSFMBC in order to rehabilitate

degraded forests having less than 0.25 density with the active involvement and participation

of local community. Total 1830 hectares of forest areas having plantations are being

managed under JFPM programme in Virajpet division. Under this programme, both

afforestation and entry point activities have been taken up. In some VFCs, Income

Generating Activities (IGA) are taken up through Self Help Groups (SHGs).

5.1 - FIVE YEAR PLANS.

During Tenth & Eleventh FYPs, the division raised about 3962.00ha plantations in

forest land and other public land. During the same period, 6.23 lakhs seedlings were

distributed for planting on private land.

5.1.1 - Suggestion for future forestry activities: For fulfilling the objectives of the FYPs

and keeping in mind the conditions of the natural forests, the following measures are

suggested to be taken up during the plan period :

1. Consolidation of forest areas;

2. Strengthening of infrastructure and capacity building of man power for protection of

forests;

3. Strengthening of JFPM programme;

4. Adequate protection and management of flowered bamboo areas to revive expected

regeneration;

5. Improvement of wildlife habitat;


Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore IX

6. Strategy for reducing man-animal conflict specially in elephant movement areas;

7. Farm forestry to increase tree cover with special measures to suggest alternative crops

in human-elephant conflict zone;

8. Regeneration of natural species including sandalwood, bamboo and medicinal plants;

9. Control of invasive weeds like Lantana and Eupatorium and

10. Suitable SMC works as per site specific plan in watershed concept.

6.1 - STAFF AND LABOUR SUPPLY

The optimum strength and quality of staff have direct bearing on the effective and

efficient working of a forest division.

6.1.1 Staff position:

Virajpet forest division is having sanctioned posts 171 out of which presently 85 posts

have been filled up.

6.1.2- LabourForce & Wage rates.

Though the local people including the tribals are available for certain works and in

some of the seasons, to overcome labour shortage, especially in respect of skilled labour,

workers are brought from adjoining areas of Kerala State or Mysore district. At present,

there are 23 muster rolls daily wage workers in the division. As per the recent revised

SSRs, the per day wage rates for skilled labour, semi-skilled labour and unskilled labour are

Rs.289.04, Rs.269.04 and Rs.259.04respectively.

7.1 - PAST SYSTEM OF MANAGEMENT

History of scientific management of the forests of Coorg province dates back to 1865

when the Forest conservancy department was organized in the province, which was a part of

British India. Soon after the constitution of reserved forests, plans were prepared for their

scientific and systematic management. The first working plan of the deciduous forests of

Devamachi and Mavkal was prepared in 1894. During 1916 Tireman prepared the first

working plan for the Ghat forests in and around Makut.

7.1.1 - Virajpet division was created in 1992 by carving out portions of old Madikeri and old

Hunsur divisions. There is no working plan prepared exclusively for Virajpet division. The


Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore X

working plan of old Madikeri division was written by Mr. A. Akbar Shah IFS and that of old

Hunsur division was written by Mr. U.T. Alva IFS. Akbar Shah‟s plan (1987-96) expired in

1996. Although Alva‟s plan was still in currency (1978-79 – 2002-03), in view of the re-

organization of areas and changed circumstances its revision has been necessitated. In view

of the reorganization of areas and also because of the fact that the situation prevailing prior to

1978 when Alva‟s plan was written had considerably changed, it was decided to write a plan

covering the newly created Virajpet forest division and the first Working Plan of the division

was written by Shri AjaiMisra for the period 2001-02 to 2010-11. AjaiMisra‟s working plan

prescribed the following working circles: to achieve the objects in view and to exploit the

forests without endangering their character, and also to improve their present condition.

1. Protection working circle,

2. Improvement working circle,

3. Teak plantation working circle,

4. Bamboo overlapping working circle,

5. Sandal wood overlapping working circle,

6. Minor Forest Produce working circle, and

7. Miscellaneous regulations (JFPM working circle)

7.1.2 - Review of implementation of Working Plan of Virajpet Division written by shri

Ajay Misra

7.2 – Protection Working Circle :

Makut and Mundrote Ranges of this Division comes under this working circle comprising of

25248.11 Ha area.

Progress of Treatment: Regeneration works like gap planting, Seed sowing,

Plantings of canes and bamboos has been taken up. Total 2557.50 Ha gap plantations were

taken up. No logging including removal of dead and fallen trees was carried out during the

plan period. No enclosures within the Reserved Forest were surveyed and demarcated.

7.3 - Improvement working circle: This working circle consists of forest areas of

Devamachi and Mavukal reserve forests and surrounding paisary lands. The total area under

this working circle is 4777.59 ha.


Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore XI

7.3.1 - Implementation of the prescriptions: Salvaging of dead and fallen trees was carried

out during 2001-02, 2002-03 and from 2006-07 to 2009-10 depending on the availability of

funds.

Improvement and regeneration operations: In the area salvaged during 2001-02,

regeneration operations in the form of gap planting was carried out over 47.35 ha under DDF

scheme during 2005-06. The delay was due to late release of funds. Subsequently,

improvement operations have been taken up in the areas allotted to the Working Circle. Total

extent of 924.85 ha plantations was done during the plan period.

7.4 - Teak Plantation Management Working Circle: This working circle consists

of the forest areas in the Devamachi & Mavukal SF which are under teak plantations. The

total area of this working circle is 2309.04 ha. Under this working circle 68 teak plantations

covering 1611.83 Ha were scheduled for thinning during the entire plan period.

Thinning/extractions: While thinning schedules have been prescribed by the plan, no

thinnings have been carried out in the division during the currency of the plan period. The

reasons attributed for not carrying out of thinnings include:

Late approval received for the working plan: The plan period is 2001-2002 with the

approval given on 16/10/2001. However, thinning schedule is given from 2000-01.

Suspension of the Working plan by the GOI during 2002-03: The working plans of

Karnataka were suspended by GOI on 11/10/2002 and revoked on 4th

March, 2003, vide

Letter No. F.No.9-16-20002(ROHQ)

Actual number. of trees in few the plantations were less than the no of stems to be

retained after thinning. Damage due to elephant movement is also common in the area.

Consequently, only elephant damaged trees were removed.

7.5 - Bamboo Overlapping Working Circle: This over lapping working circle

consists of forest areas of the Devamachi & Mavukal forests. The total area under this

category in these forests is 4777.59 ha.

Progress of implementation: During the plan period so far, bamboo areas have not been

worked at all, except removals of bamboo for meeting the demand for retail supply to

medars, as ordered by the Conservator of Forests.


Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore XII

7.6 - Sandalwood overlapping working circle: This working circle consists of the

entire geographical area of the division. The total area under this working circle is 1410.48 sq

km.

Implementation of prescriptions:

7.6.1 - Extraction: No specific extraction operations have been carried out in case of sandal

wood. However, extraction of illicitly cut stumps etc along with Forest Offence cases has

been done. Total 377.30 Kg sandalwood from 10 FOC cases were transported and handed

over to the Sandal Kote, Mysore

7.7 - Minor forest produce overlapping working circle: This working circle

consists of all the forests and non-forest government lands coming under territorial

jurisdiction of Virajpet forest division. The total area under this working circle is 80815.95

ha. During the plan period the LAMPS received 224.08 lakhs revenue from the collection of

NTFP from the division.


7.8 JFPM activities :

Under Forest Development Agency, 19 EDC‟s are formed in this Division. An extent of

398.68 Ha plantations have been raised in JFPM area. Substantial Entry Point Activities were

also done in the VFC villages.

A brief account of work done from 2011-12 to 2013-14 after the expiry of the

Working Plan on 31.03.2011 is given in tabular form below. During this period no salvaging

works were carried out.

Year

Elephant barrier Plantations

raised (in ha)

Seedlings distributed (in lakhs)

EPT (in Kms) Solar Fence (in Kms)

Excavation Maintenance New

installation Maintenance

2011-12 1.2 13.45 7.5 3.924 194 0.503

2012-13 1.5 22.76 - 34.24 263 1.989

2013-14 2.16 29 3.55 8 816 2.57


Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore XIII

8.1 INVENTORY RESULT OF NATURAL FOREST

To assess the growing stock and condition of forests, inventory with the sampling

intensity of 0.01 % and 0.1% was designed for natural forests grouped under protection

working circle and improvement working circle respectively. The distribution of important

trees in various diameter classes and corresponding figures of per ha. number of trees, basal

area and volume for different forests have been calculated. The obverse J curve drawn from

this data does not show the normal distribution of trees in the various diameter classes. Most

of the trees found are in the lower diameter classes are of thorny jungle species.

The present regeneration status of the forest clearly shows that the regeneration in

most of the areas for important species is inadequate. This shows that there is an immediate

need to take up necessary improvement measures to bring back the regeneration status to

normalcy. As per the inventory results, the density classes found were 0.4 to 0.6 and 0.68 to

0.8 in Maukal and Devamachi Reserved Forests respectively and 0.8 to 1.0in Kerti and

Padinalkadnad Reserved Forests. However, natural regeneration is scanty to nil and rarely

adequate.

8.1.1 Inventory results in Devarakadus (Protected Forests) :

Growing stock inventory was also done in Devarakadus also situated in 42 villages in

48 locations with total extent of 575.54 ha (37% area) covering Virajpet, Ponnampet and

Thithimathi ranges. The distribution of important trees in various diameter classes and

corresponding figures of per ha number of trees, basal area and volume for different forests

have been calculated. The main reason for low basal area in all the forests is due to heavy

biotic pressure in these forests. Density varies from 0.26-0.40 to 0.6-0.8. Natural regeneration

is inadequate.

8.1.2 - Inventory results of bamboo:-

During the inventory assessment was also made about the availability of Bamboo in

the division. Most of the bamboos found in the division are in Maukal RF and in Devamachi

RF. The dominant species is Bambusa bamboos. Availability of small bamboo in the division

is limited. Assessment of bamboo was done in respect of various categories like green, green

damaged, dry and dry damaged bamboos. The quantity of big bamboo equivalent to green

sound bamboo per hectare available in Maukal RF was approximately 2565 (tonnes) In case

of DevamachiRF, the approximate quantities of big bamboo equivalent to green sound


Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore XIV

bamboo in tonnes were found to be about 9550 (tonnes). Due to recent gregarious flowering

in all the bamboo areas, the availability of green bamboo is rare and even the extraction of

dry bamboo is found to be not economical.

8.1.3 - Inventory results of teak plantations

In case of Teak plantations inventory was done and parameters like basal area, mean

height, volume/ha, number of trees/ha and mean annual increment in volume were assessed.

FUTURE MANAGEMENT DISCUSSED AND PRESCRIBED.

9.1 - Objects of Management.

The present plan has been prepared with the following main objectives of forest

management.

1. To maintain environmental stability and ecological balance and to enhance ecosystem

services by protecting, preserving and enriching the existing natural forests;

2. To ensure maximum protection of soil and moisture to maintain the forest cover in

good condition;

3. To maintain and improve the plantations to ensure long term sustainability of forest

production;

4. To rehabilitate and increase the economic value and utility of the degraded forests;

5. Consistent with the above objectives, to ensure sustainable use of forests to meet the

needs of the people, especially the rural and tribal people, living in the vicinity of

forests;

6. To ensure people‟s participation and involvement in all round protection and

development of forests;

7. To manage the forest land through watershed approach for enhancing ground water

recharge and for improvement and regulation of hydrological regime;

8. To improve wildlife habitat and to reduce man-animal conflict and

9. To increase green cover in the division so as to mitigate the problems of global

warming and climate change by progressively increasing the growing stock and

carbon sequestration potential.


Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore XV

9.2 - Constitution of Working Circles.

In order to prescribe appropriate treatment to different forest areas of the division in

conformity with silvicultural principles and the management objectives, seven working

circles are formed:

1. PROTECTION WORKING CIRCLE: This working circle consists of evergreen and

semi evergreen areas falling in the Makut and Mundrote ranges. The total area under this

working circle is 26291.342 ha.

PROPOSED TREATMENT.

1. No logging including removal of dead and fallen trees will be carried out in the forest

areas under this working circle.

2. No regeneration activities & SMC works will be carried out.

3. No tending, climber-cutting operations will be carried out.

4. No NTFP will be collected from the forest of this working circle with the exception of

provisions under Forest Right Act.

5. Strict fire prevention measures will be taken so as to avoid burning of forests.

6. Other protection measures like anti-smuggling camp/ anti-poaching camps, wireless

network etc. in the area is to be strengthened to ensure effective control over

smuggling/poaching activities.

7. The Reserved Forests boundaries will be fully demarcated on the ground with permanent

cairns or concrete pillars to prevent encroachment.

2. IMPROVEMENT WORKING CIRCLE: This working circle consists of moist and

dry deciduous forests of Devamachi and Mavukal reserved forests of Thithimathi range

excluding the teak plantations. It also includes small portion of paisari lands, which are

adjoining to these forests. The total area under this working circle is 4864.792 ha.

Analysis of the inventory data pertaining to these forests has indicated poor growing

stock, lower basal area and unsatisfactory regeneration status.

9.3 – Division of area and cycle salvage logging

For the purpose of salvage logging, Devamachi and Mavukal reserved forests of

Thithimathi range have been included in the proposed Thithimathi felling series. This

improvement series is divided into ten blocks as marked in the 1: 50,000 topo sheet map.


Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore XVI

Each of these blocks is taken as annual coupe. Rotation cycle in the improvement series is

ten years.

9.4 – Improvement Operation

The block area (excluding Teak plantation), that is taken as a coupe, after the removal

of dead and fallen material, will be taken up for improvement operations.

As the forest is more degraded, the improvement operations will also include raising

of plantations wherever required. On an average 100 ha gap planting under Supplemental

planting model will be done every year in the improvement block. About ten SMC trenches

of size 5m x 1m x 1m should be dug per ha. Under this model, gap planting upto 400

plants/ha including about 50 plants with local suitable species on mounds of SMC trenches

will be planted. Selection of species should be done to suit the local requirement. More

emphasis also should be given for planting rare, endangered and threatened species (RET

species) depending upon the locality. Rigid protection of the treatment area from fire is a

must. All the re-clearing and fire tracing work should be completed by the end of December.

9.5 – Calculation of Yield.

The dead and fallen material will be identified only on the basis of its actual

availability and it will be classified as timber or firewood as per the existing norms and it will

be salvaged strictly as per the rules for marking and salvaging given in this circle. The yield

has not been fixed as such but only will be incidental to the improvement operations.

Approximately 6612 cum timber may be available due to salvaging operations. The estimated

revenue will be approximately Rs. 1193 lakhs while estimated cost of extraction and

regeneration works will be about Rs.1055.65 lakhs during the plan period.

10.1 - Teak plantation management working circle: This working circle consists of older

teak plantations area in the Devamachi and Mavukal reserved forests. Total extent of this

working circle is 2309.04 ha. These forests fall under the category of teak forests (C1B) and

site quality is mostly III and IV. In order to fix the exploitable girth limit for other species

M.R.S Pearson‟s record for Kalinadhi high forests has been taken as the guide. In general it is

observed that the growth rate reduces with the age of the crop.

If we take into account the concept of silvicultural rotation for the scientific

management of forests, the rotation of 120 years appears to be correct. This rotation is also


Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore XVII

nearer to the silvicultural rotation of teak in natural forests. Hence it is proposed to fix the

rotation of Teak at 120 years.

10.2 -Thinning.

In the past, thinnings were prescribed in the teak plantations by taking into account

the average site quality class of the area. The following thinning resime as recommended in

earlier plans has been recommended in this plan also.

1. First mechanical cum silvicultural thinning at the 6th

year by retaining about

1300 – 1400 trees by marking the stems silviculturally in the alternative diagonals.

2. Second mechanical cum silvicultural thinning at the12th


700 – 800 trees by marking the stems silviculturally in the alternate lines.

3. First silviculture thinning at the 18th

year (leaving about 500 to 600 trees/ha).

4. Second silviculture thinning at the 30th

year (leaving about 400 trees/ha).

5. Third silvicultural thinning at the 50th

year (leaving about 250 to 300 trees/ha).

6. An elite thinning at the age of 80th

year (leaving about 150 trees/ha)

7. Elephant damaged teak trees will be extracted every year.

Importance is given to retain a definite number of stems after the thinnings. While

marking, care should be taken so that the prescribed number of sound and well growing stems

that are to be retained are distributed evenly over the plantation area.

During the entire plan period thinning of 18 Teak plantations (399.52 ha.) has been

prescribed. The estimated revenue and estimated expenditure will be Rs. 172.23 Lakhs and

Rs. 72.68 Lakhs respectively.

To avoid any confusion over the plantation boundary and its extent it is necessary to

affix/erect boards at the prominent places around these plantations. This work has to be

completed during the year 2016-17.

3. BAMBOO OVERLAPPING WORKING CIRCLE: This working circle consists of

moist and dry deciduous areas of Thithimathi range. It also includes a small portion of

Paisari lands that are surrounding to these forests and have similar vegetation. The total

area of this working circle is 4864.792 ha. The main species is Bambusa bamboos and is

mostly found as an associate species in the moist deciduous forests of the region.

Dendrocalamusstrictusis also found as undergrowth here and there.


Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore XVIII

The main objective of management of the working circle is establishment of good

natural regeneration of bamboo and consolidation of the bamboo forests of the division. This

will lead to habitat improvement for wildlife mainly wild elephants and also will ensure

sustained supply of bamboo to various users like local artisans and medars consistent with the

principles of sustained use of forests. The strategy to achieve the above objectives is by strict

protection of the area for 10 years till the new crop attains harvestable stage.

10.3 – Method of Treatment

In view of the peculiar situation of gregarious flowering of big bamboos that has

taken place in the forests of the division, the prescriptions given for the management of a

normal bamboo growing forest will not apply till a new crop regenerates, establishes. Even

after establishment of regeneration, the bamboo forests will need to be protected from fire and grazing

on a continuous basis. If adequate protection is provided to the bamboo growing areas of the division,

it is expected that regular harvest of bamboo can start from 2025-2026.

10.4 - Regeneration

Since gregarious flowering has taken place recently in all the bamboo areas the

following activities have been prescribed for regeneration during the plan period.

1) The area will be strictly protected from fire and grazing by engaging adequate

numbers of watchers and by involving local community.

2) In areas where natural bamboo regeneration is insufficient, limited extent of planting

(20 ha. to 25 ha.) may be done preferably mixing with other potential bamboo species

like Burma bamboo, Bamboosa tulda etc. This will aid in species diversity in the

forest.

3) Soil working around the clumps in about 100 ha. per year will be done covering at

least 50 clumps per ha. This activity is suggested to be done from the year 2018-19 on

onwards.

Approximate yield of green sound culm over two seasons is estimated to be 1696 tonnes

and approximate yield of dry bamboo is estimated to be 5928 tonnes. The estimated cost for

regeneration and for protection is 224.19 lakhs during the plan period.


Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore XIX

4. WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT OVERLAPPING WORKING CIRCLE

The total area of the working circle is 33465.184 ha comprising of Reserved Forests

and government land transferred to forest department.

In view of the proximity with the wildlife protected areas, it is necessary to ensure

that all forestry operations are carried out in these forest areas in such a manner as to

contribute to the improvement of the natural habitat conducive to wildlife preservation. The

invasive weeds like Lantana, Eupatorium etc which do not form part of elephant food

should be eradicated. Indigenous species that are preferred by the elephants should be

planted. Steps should be taken to augment and conserve the water resource. De-silting and

deepening of tanks should be undertaken.

The measures like permanent elephant anti depredation camps, regular maintenance

of elephant proof trenches/solar fence in the vulnerable areas are necessary to reduce man-

animal conflict. Prompt and timely payment of ex-gratia will help in earning goodwill

amongst the local people who in turn would participate in conservation and preservation of

wildlife.

Master plan for mitigating human elephant conflict has to be prepared in the division

to cover the entire wildlife conflict boundary with suitable barriers and special structures. The

digging of EPT may be continued till the entire stretch human elephant conflict zone is

covered. This EPT has to be maintained periodically at least every 3rd

year to make it

effective.

5. NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCE OVERLAPPING WORKING CIRCLE: This

working circle consists of all the reserved forests. The total area under this working

circle 6466.429 ha.

Though several NTFP are available in these forests all of them cannot be permitted

for exploitation. The species which are either ecologically endangered or have endemic

distribution also need to be protected from any exploitation. The important NTFP available in

the division are honey, seegekai, tree moss, nellikai etc.

With the coming of the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers

(Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 and the distribution of “Community rights”

generally covering the right to collect NTFP in forest areas. It is important that items of


Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore XX

NTFP that are being collected are listed and appropriate prescriptions are made in this regard

for sustainability of the forest. As such regulatory prescriptions have been made in the

removal of certain important NTFP species. To avoid overexploitation and to use, NTFP has

to be removed in such a manner at such rate that does not lead to the long time decline of

biological diversity.

There will be no NTFP collection in the areas under protection working circle with

the exception of provisions under FRA.

10.5 Method of Sale

Tribals living in and around the forests will be allowed to collect, store and sale of

NTFP under individual and community rights as provisions made in the Scheduled Tribes

and other forest dwellers (recognition of forest rights) Act, 2006 and rules 2008 and 2012. As

per the prevailing Government order, collection and disposal of NTFPs is also to be through

the Large Area Multipurpose Society (LAMPS), Thithimathi. There is need for the Society to

improve the storage and transport facility and to diversify its activities by taking processing

and value addition of various raw materials. The LAMP Society has to comply all the

conditions cited in the prevailing government order.


Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore XXI


11.1 - Forest lands consolidation and Management

11.2 - Suggested Management Approach

Following strategies are suggested for effective consolidation and management of these forest

lands.

Survey and demarcation immediately on a war footing. This should be done on the

basis of revenue land record system;

Survey and maintenance of every 10 years is suggested. Permanent cairns or concrete

pillars should be fixed along the boundaries of forest.

Immediate action to get the tenure status appropriately depicted in the revenue

records. It is necessary to integrate the forest tenurial status in Bhoomi database. The

Revenue Department should be moved to issue separate „Khatas‟ in case of forest

lands. Such a move will enable locking the tenure status of forest lands in the

„Bhoomi‟ Master databases, preventing any malpractice of granting of forest lands by

the Revenue Department.

In several forests, some survey numbers are partly included in the forest area. In such

areas „phodi‟ of the forest lands should be done to clearly reflect the boundaries of the

forest land on the revenue maps. Since this work of survey of Government lands has

been taken up by the Commissioner, Survey Settlement and Land Records,

opportunity should be taken to discuss with Commissioner, to get the „phodi‟ of the

forest land survey numbers done immediately.

Maps clearly showing the boundary of the forest lands on the revenue map should be

provided to the frontline staff to enable understanding of the boundaries.

Considering the „real estate‟ value of these lands and consequent possibilities of

encroachment, it is important to provide physical barriers (such as walls etc) to

demarcate the forest boundaries at least in respect of forests located in the peri-urban

areas in other areas also erection of permanent boundary pillars should be fixed. It is

necessary to consolidate devarakadus by digging CPT.

Lack of appropriate signage is a distinct feature along the boundaries of most of the

forest areas. The provisions of the Forest Manual and Forest Code in this regard have

been given complete go by, swept away by the juggernaut of implementation of

externally aided forestry projects. Provision of appropriate signage at every entrance

to the forest is the first step towards providing awareness and consequently deterrence


Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore XXII

of intrusion into forest lands. The sign boards should show the details of notification,

extent, rough boundary sketch and other important features.

Proper maintenance of records in respect of notified forest lands needs priority. The

existing mechanisms of office inspection by the superior officers, which are expected

to provide appropriate checks and balances should be emphasized to keep the records

updated.

While most of the above suggestions hold true in case of Section 4 notified areas too,

certain specific suggestions are considered in order:

o Need for resurvey of some of the areas, as the maps drawn up during the initial

survey and preparation of draft notification, do not correspond to the village

maps and do not help in correctly locating the boundaries of the lands. The

quality of the draft boundary notifications in terms of their ability to be

translated into closing polygons on village maps is poor in most of the cases.

This is essentially due to lack of proper referencing of boundary description

vis-à-vis permanent land marks such as geographical features, village survey

numbers. Etc. There is need for a serious relook on this.

o Need for recorrection or reissue of the draft notification correcting anomalies

in some of the areas, regarding the village survey numbers and/or extents of

the area notified.

o Hastening the process of settlement through constant interaction with the

Revenue Officials. Unless this is monitored on a continuous basis by all the

implementing and supervising officers, progress in settlement is likely to be

nil.

Section 4 proposed areas: There is also a category of lands which have been

proposed for notification under section 4. In respect of such lands, the following

approach is suggested:

o Resurvey of the areas and preparation of fresh maps on revenue village basis

indicating the actual status;

o Notification of the same;

o Pursuance of the settlement process;

o Physical consolidation of the boundary and;

Other lands under the custody of Forest Department

o Preparation of inventory

o Physical verification of the inventory and the present status, including tenurial

status

o Consolidation in terms of tenure status and on the ground


Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore XXIII

Maintenance of records

o Maintenance of RF registers

o Maintenance of registers of plantations and

o Creation and maintenance of register of lands under the control of the Forest

Department

After the survey and demarcation of the forest, the encroachments have to be removed

immediately and the areas should be consolidated with digging CPT, EPT, barbed wire

fencing etc., depending upon the situation.

11.3 – Sandalwood Management

The main objective of management will be i) to encourage sandal regeneration in the

forest areas and ii) to encourage the farmers and other private individuals and organizations.

11.3.1 - Prescriptions:

1. Gap planting of sandalwood seedlings along with other miscellaneous species

should be done in the improvement blocks every year.

2. Sandalwood seedlings should be raised for public distribution every year.

3. Only dead and fallen trees and illicitly cut stumps will be allowed to extract from

the forest and other government lands which are under the custody of forest

department every year.

4. A block of 50 ha in compartment No: 18 in Devamachi forest of Thithimathi

Range will be developed as sandal estate.

11.4 Joint forest planning and management: This consists of 1830 ha plantation areas

raised in forest areas coming under VFCs and 1601.63 ha protected forests like Devarakadu,

Ambala and Mandu. The total area under this working circle is 3923.52 ha.

Devarakadus have to be demarcated properly as per the order under which they have

been constituted in the past and encroachments if any have to be evicted. Survey and

demarcation and consolidation of these sacred groves preferably through digging CPT should

be completed during the plan period.

The Village Forest Committees in a more scientific and systematic way may manage

these areas as per the existing Government Orders so that the unique bio-diversity of these

areas may be preserved.


Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore XXIV

11.5 - Fire Protection.

Appropriate fire management plan should be prepared well in advance of dry season

in the division. Fire vulnerability maps should be prepared in division level. Re-clearing and

fire tracing works along the demarcation lines and other fire lines should be completed by the

end of December. Fire sensitive areas should be identified and marked on the range and

division maps. Watch towers should be constructed at vantage points and fire patrol parties

should be stationed there to take prompt action in the event of occurrence of fire in the area.

Special care should be taken for protecting the regeneration areas from fire.

11.6 - Farm Forestry

The farm forestry program should be expeditiously implemented under various

schemes like a NREGS, „Krishi Protsaha Yojana‟ etc.

12.1 - Summary of financial forecast

Summary of budgeting for estimated expenditure and expected revenue during the plan

period (2014-15 to 2023-24) under different working circle is given in table below. The

estimated total expenditure for the entire plan period is calculated as Rs. 10808.436 Lakhs and

expected revenue is calculated as Rs.1525.257 lakhs.


Conservator of Forests, Working Plan, Mysore 1

Working Plan of Virajpet Forest Division

PART - I

CHAPTER 1.

SUMMARY OF FACTS ON WHICH PROPOSALS ARE BASED.

DESCRIPTION OF THE TRACT DEALT WITH.

1.1 NAME AND SITUATION.

1.1.1 Name - This working plan deals with the areas falling under the territorial jurisdiction

of Virajpet forest division consisting of Virajpet, Thithimathi, Ponnampet, Makut and

Mundrote ranges. Entire area of the division falls in the Kodagu district. The tract dealt with

is locally called ‗Malenadu‘ and 'Kanivenadu' that mean hill forests and valley forests

respectively. Besides the reserved forest areas, the plan also deals with the areas falling

under the categories of Paisari, Devarakadus, Jammamalais, Uruduves, C and D lands etc.

Details of forest and other areas are given in Annexures I (a) to I(f).

1.1.2 Area - Virajpet forest division was formed shifting the post of existing wildlife

division, Mysore during 1992 vide Government order No.AHFF/83/FNG/92/ Bangalore

dated 8/5/92 by carving out certain areas from the old Madikeri division and old Hunsur

division as they existed before 1992. This reorganization was necessitated in view of the

policy of bifurcating the areas predominant in wildlife from the areas of territorial divisions

so that greater emphasis may be accorded to wildlife management in such areas. Forest areas

of Thithimathi range, especially Mavukal and Devamachi reserved forests have come from

old Hunsur division and areas of other ranges have come from old Madikeri division. The

wildlife predominant areas of old Madikeri division have been notified separately as

Pushpagiri wildlife sanctuary, Brahmagiri wildlife sanctuary and Talacauvery wildlife

sanctuary. The details regarding geographical area of the division and its ranges are given in

Annexure II. It is bounded on the north by Madikeri forest division and Talacauvery wildlife

sanctuary, on the south by Kerala State, on the east by Hunsur wildlife division and on the

west by Kerala State and Madikeri forest division. As per the Government order of

reorganisation of the divisions as referred to above, the southern boundary of the

compartment number 16 is the boundary between Virajpet division and Hunsur wildlife

division. Which is later named as Nagarhole Tiger Reserve.Therefore the part of the Arkeri

reserved forest which is in compartment number 16 should fall in Virajpet division. But as



per the notification of Nagarahole National Park vide G.O No.FFD 195 FWL 82, Bangalore

dated 16-3-1983, the western boundary of the park runs from Kaimara along the D line of

Karnataka and Kerala States and along the western boundary of Nalkeri, Hatghat and Arkeri

reserved forests till it touches the starting point of Thithimathi – Anechowkur road.

According to the above notification of the National Park, the Thithimathi – Anechowkur road

is the boundary between Virajpet division and Nagarhole Tiger Reserve. For administrative

convenience the same may be continued. The total length of the forest boundary is 350 kms

of which 72 kms constitute inter-State boundary between Karnataka and Kerala along the

southern and western sides of Virajpet division.The total geographical area of the division is

1410.48 sq. kms. Out of this, the notified forests is about 23%.

1.1.3Situation -The boundary of the division lies between latitudes 11o

55' to 12o

20' north

and between longitudes 75o 25' to 76

o 05' east of Greenwich.

1.2 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY AND CONFIGURATION OF THE GROUND.

1.2.1 Topography and altitude - The tract has mountainous configuration with rivers,

valleys, ravines, spurs etc. The tract becomes undulating and plains towards the east, while

towards the west, it attains great heights with precipitous slopes. In northwest and southwest

directions it is intersected by a chain of hills, which further project out into innumerable

ridges on either sides, losing their heights gradually as they recede further but have almost

every where sharp peaks. The general elevation of the tract varies from 100 m to 1745 m. The

highest peak of Kodagu district, Tadiandmol, with an elevation of 1745 m. is situated in this

tract. The area is drained primarily towards the east by a number of streams forming

tributaries of important rivers like Cauvery and Lakshmanthirtha.

1.3 GEOLOGY-ROCK AND SOIL.

1.3.1 Rock & Soil - The underlying rock is the peninsular gneiss in the various stages of

disintegration. The rock formations belong to most ancient Archaean system. The peninsular

gneiss consists of granite gneiss and banded gneiss. At many places granites are exposed as

massive and rounded boulders or can be seen as outcrop. As far as economic/commercial

status or availability of mineral deposits in the region is concerned, it is poor.There is wide

variability of soil in depth and composition in different parts of the division. In the eastern

part, especially in the Devamachi and Mavukal reserved forests, where the rainfall is

relatively less and ground is gently undulating, leaching out effect is not there, and soils are



clayey loam and deep. But in the western and southwest parts where rainfall is high, soil is

laterite, lateritic bright red or yellow in colour. In some patches, they are loamy but having a

sandy top layer. Areas covered with thick vegetation and multistoried forests have deep and

fertile soil. In areas receiving heavy rainfall, there exists a delicate balance between the

vegetation cover and quality of soil. In the absence of thick vegetal cover, soils are either

washed away exposing the underlying rock or have become laterite. The availability of

humus is better in the western and southwestern parts of the division where multistoried thick

vegetal cover exists. But in the eastern part, humus cover on the floor of the forest is very

depleted because of repeated ground fires. Moreover, a good proportion of leaf litter which

crumbles into powder during the dry season gets washed away in the rains.

1.4 CLIMATIC PARAMETERS

1.4.1 Climate - The climate of the region may be broadly termed as tropical except at the

higher reaches of the hills where it is montane sub-tropical. Heavy to very heavy rainfall,

high humidity and cold nights characterize it. It may be divided into four seasons. The period

of June to September is the monsoon period; October and November constitute a post

monsoon period; the period between December to February is characterized by clear bright

weather with cold nights followed by summer season between March and May.

1.4.2 Rainfall - There is wide variation of rainfall in the western and eastern parts. It

decreases from west to east. In the western part, Makut and Mundrote receive rainfall of

about 5290 mm while in the eastern part, Thithimathi receives about 1000 mm rainfall.

Eighty percent of the rainfall is received during the period of southwest monsoon. However

in the post monsoon period of October-November, it also gets rainfall by northeast monsoon

or due to depression/cyclones formed in the Arabian Sea which moves towards east and

crosses over this region. Some showers are common during April-May, which are locally

called blossom showers. Average rainfall data of a few typical locations is given in

Annexure III (a). Average rainfall from 11 years data analysis is found to be 2273 mm in the

division.

1.4.3 Temperature - Temperature also varies considerably from top of the hills to the

foothills. During the cold season, the temperature drops up to 10.3oC at the upper portion of

hill. During the summer season, the temperature at the foothills and especially in the eastern

part rises up to 35.0oC. But the mean maximum and mean minimum temperature is 28.6

oC



and 12.0oC respectively. Maximum and minimum temperatures of last eleven years are given

in Annexure III (b).

1.4.4 Humidity- In general air remains quite humid all through the year, particularly in rainy

season. Fog is also quite common in the region except during the period from March to May.

Mean relative humidity of last 11 years is given in Annexure III (c).Sky is heavily cloudy or

overcast in the monsoon. During the rest of year, the sky is lightly to moderately cloudy.

1.4.5 Winds - The winds are generally light to moderate and sometimes become severe

during the southwest monsoon. Winds mainly blow between the southwest and northwest

directions during the southwest monsoon season. In the post monsoon season, winds are

mainly northeasterly or easterly. But on some days, northwesterly winds blow in the

afternoons. During the rest of the years, winds are from the directions between north and east

in the mornings and between southwest and northwest in the afternoons.

During the post monsoon months of October and November, some of the storms and

cyclones, which originate in the Bay of Bengal, cross the East Coast and move westwards

emerging later in the Arabian Sea. These affect the division and its neighborhood causing

wide spread heavy rains and high winds. Thunder storms occur on about six or seven days

during April, May and October and on about two to three days in March and November.

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Ave

rage

Rai

nfa

ll in

mm

Graph depicting average rainfall in Virajpet Division

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011



1.5 WATER SUPPLY.


rivers, which ultimately join the Bay of Bengal. As the area is situated in the Western Ghats

that receive heavy to very heavy rainfall, there are several rivulets and streams of seasonal or

perennial nature transecting the area and later joining the tributaries of the main rivers.

Barapole is the only important river that flows towards the west and joins the Arabian Sea.

The following rivers drain the evergreen tract of the division:

1. Matre hole,

2. Kerti hole,

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0


Rel

ativ

e h

um

idit

y in

per

cen

tage

Graph showing the relative humidity in Kodagu district

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0


Tem

pe

ratu

re in

de

gre

e c

elc

ius

Graph showing the average temperature in Kodagu district

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010



3. Udumbe hole,

4. Pulike hole,

5. Padaimalai hole and

6. Nadumalai hole.

The following rivers drain the eastern plains and deciduous tracts of this division:

1. Cauvery river and its tributaries,

2. Laxmanthirtha river and its tributaries.

Most of these rivers originate in the high mountains covered with lush green

vegetation and have water for major part of the year. But as they flow through highly rugged

terrain, they are not suitable for navigation or for assured irrigation round the year. In

Virajpet taluk, there are a few natural reservoirs, which contain water throughout the year.

These are locally called kolly. Presence of several streams, rivers, kollies and tanks in the

region besides the open wells and bore wells mitigates the water problem in the summer

season.

1.6 DISTRIBUTION AND AREA.

1.6.1 - In the old Coorg district, various areas had been reserved from time to time in the past

under the provisions of Indian Forest Act, 1878 as per the orders of the Chief Commissioner

of Coorg. The areas, which had economically important timber species, were the first to be

brought under the category of reserved forests and most of the time forest management was

limited to these areas only. The reserved forests were under the absolute control of Forest

department for all purposes. Only in case of Sandalwood, working plans were prepared for

the Paisari lands also as the occurrence and growth of sandalwood was found to be

appreciable in these lands. The areas outside the reserved forests were burdened with

numerous rights and concessions for the local people for their day-to-day needs. This

unrestricted access had made the areas badly degraded. Therefore Government by its order

No. RD.32.LAD.62 dated 1/7/64 and by its order No. RD.54.LGP.78 dated 8/5/78 had

transferred Paisari and C and D class lands respectively to the Forest department from the

Revenue department for their management. Besides, certain other categories of Government

lands like Devarakadu also have been transferred to Forest department. The total area of

reserved forests in the division is 30348.234 ha. The details of their notification and extent

are given in the table below:



Table – 1:

Sl

no. Names

Chief commissioner of

Coorg provience notification

No. and date

Extent in ha Remarks

1 Padinalknad RF No. 30 dt 23.4.1906 16776.53 Part of the area is

in Madikeri

division and

Talacauvery

wildlife sanctuary.

2 Kerti RF No. 58 dt 24.6.1908 6480.102 ---

3 Mavukal RF No. 55 dt 2.11.1891 3351.537 ---

4 Devamachi RF No. 65 dt 2.11.1891 3740.068 ---

Total 30348.237 ha

As per the village and survey number details of the reserved forests, the total extent of

reserved forests is found to be 30348.237 ha insetad of 29217.10 ha shown in the previous

sanctioned working plan.

1.6.2 - In addition to the reserved forests, 491.889 ha of land has been notified under section-

4 and the details are given in Annexure I(f).

In Padinalknad reserved forest only 20 compartments i.e., compartment Nos. 36 to 52

and 55,56,62 fall in Virajpet division. The extent of Devarakadu (including Ambala and

Mandu)lands transferred to Virajpet division is 1601.637 ha. The extent of Devarakadu

including Ambala and Mandu lands transfered to Virajpet division is 1173.57 ha.

As regards Paisari lands, the Revenue department has so far transferred 3116.94 ha.

andthe remaining extent is still with the Revenue department. Virajpet division consists of

120 villages of Virajpet taluk and 13 villages of Madikeri taluk. The forest areas of five

villages falling in the Madikeri taluk also come in the Virajpet division but these villages are

in the Madikeri taluk. Village wise details of Reserve Forests, Protected Forests, Jamamalai,

Paisari etc are given in Annexure I(a).

Most of the forest and non-forest government lands, which are with the Forest

department, have already been updated in the revenue records. Parts of Paisari and C and D

lands have already been notified as reserved forests or under section 4 of Karnataka Forest

Act 1963. Some of these Devarakadus, Paisari lands and C and D lands were already

encroached at the time of transfer of these lands. The remaining available area of these non-

forest government lands is under different stages of survey, demarcation and settlement. As



per the judgment of Supreme Court in the case of T.N.Godaverman Thirumalkpad V/s Union

of India and others, the Honourable Court has held that word ‗Forest‘ has to be understood in

the dictionary sense irrespective of its ownership and classification thereof. Therefore all

these wooded lands fall under the category of forests and all such forestlands come under the

purview of Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980. As per therecent Government Order No:

FEE 185 FAF 2011, Bangalore, dated: 15.05.2014the deemed forest lands are under

review and the district level committee has to finalize the same for submitting to the

government. Even the tree growth in other types of private lands has to be managed as per

the provisions of Karnataka Preservation of Trees Act, 1976 and Karnataka Forest Act, 1963

and Rules, 1969. There is no cases of diversion of forests in the division.

1.7 SURVEY POSITION.

1.7.1 - All the Reserved forests in the division have been surveyed in the past. In order to

check the present boundary status, survey and demarcation of all the reserved forests of the

division have to be done during this working plan period. There is a necessity to survey and

demarcate devarakadus and Sec – 4 notified areas of the division. The compartment

boundaries of the reserved forests have to be surveyed and demarcated again on the ground

during the plan period.The Padinalknad (Part) and Kerti reserved forests have come from the

old Madikeri division. As per the available records of Madikeri division, the notified forest

areas and recorded areas are almost the same. In case of Mavukal and Devamachi reserved

forests also, the notified forest area tally with recorded area.

1.8 WORKING PLAN POSITION.




Hunsur division was written by Mr. U.T. Alva IFS. Akbar Shah‘s plan (1987-96) expired in

1996. Although Alva‘s plan was still in currency (1978-79 – 2002-03), in view of the re-

organization of areas and changed circumstances its revision was required. Hence Mr. Ajay

Misra wrote the working of newly created Virajpet division for the period from 2001-02 to

2010-2011. After theexpiry of Ajay Misra‘s plan on 31st March-2011, a working scheme was

submitted for the year 2012-13 and it was approved by the Central Government (Annexure

IV). There was no sanctioned plan for the period 2011-12 to 2013-14. During this period no



logging operations were carried out in the division and only limited extent of afforestation

activities were taken up depending on the available fund. A brief account of different

important activities carried out during this period has been given in chapter VII i.e. past

system of management. The present plan has been prepared for the period 2014-15 to

2023-24.

1.9 STATE OF BOUNDARIES.

1.9.1 - The boundaries of all the four reserved forests falling in the division are maintained.

The details of the boundaries are given in the table below –

Table – 2: Details of boundary length of reserved forest

Sl

no

Name of the reserved

forest

Total

length of

the

boundary

Length of the

common

boundary

between two

forests

Length of the

boundary

between

revenue lands

and forest

lands

Length of

the inter

State

boundary

1 Devamachi and Mavkal

reserved forests 68.00 kms --- 42.00 kms ---

2 Kerti reserved forest 54.00 kms

16.00 kms

(between Kerti

and Kerti

reserved forests)

19.00 kms 10.00 kms

3

Padinalknad reserved

forest (only 20

compartments i.e.

compartments 36 to 52

and 55,56 and 62 come

under Virajpet division.

128.00 kms

9.00 kms (Kerti

and Padinalknad

reserved forests)

26.00 kms 62.00 kms

The existing compartment boundaries and their numbers in the division are the same

as those formed and maintained in the old Madikeri and old Hunsur divisions. There is

immediate need to renumber these continuously in serial order to avoid confusion. Further the

boundaries of compartments may also be reviewed to make changes if necessary in view of

the reorganization of forest areas and present requirements. It is also needed to internally

demarcate the boundary between the Virajpet and Madikeri divisions in the Padinalknad

reserved forest.



1.10 - LEGAL POSITION.

Lands have been classified in the division as per the land tenure system prevalent in

the erstwhile Coorg State. The reserve forests as notified under Section 19 of Indian Forest

Act, 1878 fall under the absolute administrative control of Forest department. The extent of

total reserved forests in the Division is 30348.234 ha. The other land tenures include

Jammamalais, Coffeemalais, Devarakadus, Paisari, Uruduve, Bane, Sagu, Genimalai etc.

Jammamalais are portions of the reserved forest on the Western Ghats in which the

hereditary rights of growing cardamom on the indigenous system is admitted, as stated in

paragraph 97 of the Revenue Settlement of Coorg, 1910 written by Mr. Gustav Haller,

Settlement Officer, Coorg. The occupant is permitted to cultivate cardamom and for that

purpose, he can create openings in the vegetation strata and can use the firewood/timber etc.,

locally. They can‘t move any timber to any place outside the area nor dispose off the same.

Method of cultivation is also prescribed; that is plot method and they can‘t deviate from this

method.The assessment is subject to revision. His rights are hereditary but he does not have

any proprietary rights either over the soil or timber. The extent of Jammamalais in the

division is 3175.86 ha vide Annexure I(d).To avoid destruction of the vegetation and large

scale conversion of the same into commercial plantations, tree preservation act has to be very

strictly enforced. Coffeemalais are the assessed land but assigned permanently for the

cultivation of Coffee. The occupants in this type of land have the right over the tree growth.

Total extent of Coffeemalais in the division is 1333.48 ha. Devarakadus are protected forests

under Section 28 of Indian Forest Act, which are assigned to the temple deities. These are

scattered all over the division. On special permission, the temple management can use timber

and firewood from these lands for the purpose of temple functions. The extent of

Devarakadus in the division is 1554.67 ha. Mandu and Ambala are also the protected forests

notified under Section 28 of the Indian Forest Act. Their extents in the division are 19.62 ha

and 27.33 ha respectively. The details of protected forests (like Devarakadu, Ambala and

Mandu) are enclosed in the Annexure I(c). Other types of land tenure under this category are

Jody and Sarvamanya.

Sagus are the assessed lands which can be of two types viz., redeemed and un-

redeemed. In the redeemed land assignee has the right over both land and tree growth. On the

other hand, in the unredeemed land assignee does not have right over the tree growth. In the

case of unredeemed land, as the tree growth belongs to the government, there is immediate

need to have inventory of such areas so as to prevent any possible misuse of tree growth by



the occupants. Paisari land is defined as all waste and forest lands which are declared by

Section 42 of the Coorg land and revenue regulation to be the property of the government and

which have not been notified in the Coorg district gazette as protected forest under Section 28

of Act VII of 1878 or as forests under Section 3 of the same Act. An extent of 3116.94 ha of

these Paisari lands are transferred to forest department. Uruduves are the protected forests

notified under Section 28 of Indian Forest Act. Lands like Paisaris, Uruduvesare government

lands burdened with various rights and privileges. Genimalais are the leased lands in the

evergreen reserved forests for the purpose of cardamom cultivation. In the past it has been

observed that Genimalais have been mismanaged and badly damaged by the lessees. At the

time of leasing out such areas for cardamom cultivation, the economical value of the forest

produce was the least and also the ecological imbalance that this practice would bring out

was never thought of. These leases expired in 1975. Subsequently, the leases were not

renewed and the areas were resumed back. The present status of such land has to be verified

on the ground and there is a need to pass formal orders for terminating the leases.

1.11 - RIGHTS AND CONCESSIONS.

1.11.1 RIGHTS - The rights and concessions in the reserved forests are those as settled during

the time of notification of the areas under Section 19 of Indian Forest Act, 1878. Right of

way is the common right as admitted at different places in the reserved forests. The people

living in the enclosures enjoy their rights without any problem. The rights admitted during

the time of settlement are given in Annexure V. Under Forest Right Act,So far 292.685 acres

of forest land rights have been given to 237 families in the division covering Thithimathi and

Makut ranges under Forest Right Act. The details are given in Annexure XLIX (a & b).

The extraction and sale of Rosewood in the private land is controlled/regulated under the

provisions of Rule 127 of Karnataka Forest Rules, 1969. Further, as per the Karnataka Forest

Act, 1963. Prior to 2001, all sandalwood trees, including those growing on private lands,

were considered as Government property. In order to encourage private individuals to grow

sandalwood trees in their lands, the Karnataka Forest Act, 1963 and Karnataka Forest Rules,

1969 were amended during 2001 and 2002 conferring ownership rights of sandalwood trees

growing on private lands to the land owners.



1.12 - COMMITMENTS.

An extent of 521.76 ha and 2.83 ha.of forest lands in Kerti and Urti reserved forest

were leased to M/s Portland Rubber Co. Ltd., on 6/10/1913 for 999 years starting from

1911-12 for Rubber cultivation by then Chief Commissioner of Coorg. Subsequently in the

year 1940 the period of the lease was reduced from 999 years to 99 years vide gazette

notification no. 28(1) 38 dt. 15/6/40 by the Chief Commissioner of Coorg.The state

government vide order No: FEE-192/FLL-2008, Bangalore dated: 19.12.2012 ordered to

restrict the lease period as 99 years in respect of the private rubber companies in Kodagu

district. The assessment is collected by the Revenue authorities. The details of forest leases

from the inception of the division are given in Annexure – VI.

1.13 - LIST OF PAST DEPUTY CONSERVATORS OF FORESTS.

List is appended vide Annexure VII.

1.14 - LAND USE PATTERN.

The following table shows the land use pattern in the Virajpet taluk –

Table – 3:

Sl no Land use Net area shown Area in Sq.kms %age

1 Geographical area(according to

village records) 1657.31

---

2 Forest area (land not available for

cultivation) 662.34 39.96

3 Land put to non agricultural use

(C&D) 32.01 1.93

4 Barren and uncultivable land other

uncultivated land excluding fallow

land

85.37 5.15

5 Permanent pasture and other

grazing lands 68.35 4.12

6 Land under miscellaneous tree

crops and groves 57.2 3.45

7 Fallow land 31.61 1.91

8 Cultivable waste 7.08 0.43

9 Land under cultivation 713.35 43.04

* N B: The forest area shown in serial number 2 also includes the other areas not covered

under the plan.

(Source : Kodagu District statistics at a glance 2008-09)



CHAPTER II.

THE FOREST.

2.1 - COMPOSITION AND CONDITION OF CROP.

2.1.1 - Because of marked variation in rainfall, altitude, aspect, slope and intensity of biotic

interference, wide range of forests can be seen in the division. Past management practices

coupled with other biotic factors have changed the status of vegetation at many places. The

detrimental effects of the past have set in retrogression and brought the climax vegetation to

either pre climax or sub climax stages. Here grasslands, scrubs, savannas, swamps or inferior

deciduous forests have replaced the original forests. Mostly good forests are confined to the

eastern and western slopes of the Ghats. The stocking in the various reserved forest areas

varies considerably and details of the stocking pattern with extent are given in the Annexure

VIII (a).The details of stocking pattern in different Devarakadus are given in Annexure

VII(b)

2.1.2 - Composition of Crop.

The tropical evergreen forests confined to the Ghats have luxuriant vegetation

forming several strata with very tall trees often with buttressed stems. These can be seen in

Makut, Mundrote and part of Virajpet ranges. Commonly seen and economically important

species among them in the top storey are: -

Table – 4: Species composition in different storey

Sl no. Botanical name

1 Hebbalsu Artocarpus hirsuta

2 Vella paini Veteria indica

3 Panda paini Canarium strictum

4 Chora paini Hardwickia pinnata

5 Kal paini Dipterocarpus indicus

6 Aranji Antiaris toxicaria

7 Neeli Bischofia javanica

8 Poon Callophyllum tomentosum

9 Bollurupa Eugenia gardeneri

10 Perumara Trewia nudiflora

11 Noga Cedrella toona

12 Devadaru Dysoxylum malabaricum

13 Atha Mesua ferrea

14 Jack Artocarpus integrifolia

15 Balanji Acrocarpus fraxinifolius

16 Pali Palaquium ellipticum

17 Irupa Hopea parviflora

18 Kotte Sterculia alata



19 Biti Dalbergia latifolia

20 Karimara Diospyrous ebenum

21 Buruga Bombax ceiba

The middle storey generally consists of the following species: –


1 Pale pannu Chrysophyllum roxburghii

2 Naviladi Vitex altissima

3 Nerolthakai Hydnocarpus wightiana

4 Kartha choote Diospyros nilagirica

5 Veltha choote Hemicyclia alata

6 Kunge pannu Elacocarpus serratus

7 Analthari Elacocarpus tuberculatus

8 Pullichekke Artocarpus lakoocha

9 Amme pannu Canthium diococum

10 Kakcha paya Polyalthia fragrans

11 Malekakkada Scolopia erenulata

12 Chooli Lansium anemaleyanum

13 Karpamara Cinnamomum zeylanicum

14 Punali Elaeodendron paniculatum

15 Chunde Diospyrous microphylla

16 Kulurmavu Machilus macarantha

The under storey consists of the following species: –


1 Kadchorange Limonia acidissima

2 Bhatha Macaranga peltata

3 Uduthale Memecylan edule

4 Lavate pannu Allophyllus cobbe

5 Nakki Vitex negundo

Following species of Canes and Reeds are found: –

Canes


1 Kirubetha Calamus psedotenuis

2 Halubetha Calamus laxmanae

3 Handibetha Calamus thwaitessi

4 Ontibetha Calamus travancoricus

5 Nagabetha Calamus flagellum

6 Sukku betha Calamus karnatakanses

7 Meese betha Calamus lassiferous

Reeds

Sl no

1 Ochlandra rheedii

2 Ochlandra travancorica



Other species of under growth which dominate these forests are: –

Sl no Botanical name

1 Kurunji Strobilanthus species

2 Webera Webera corymbosa

3 Mundachekke Pandanus tectorius

4 Uppila Macaranga roxburghii

5 Taggi or Gowri Clerodendron infortunatum

6 Parivallam Callicarpa lanata

7 Maleangare Leportra crenulata

8 Kowri Helictres isora

The mixed deciduous forests, which are found in Thithimathi range, comprise of

species that remain leafless during December to June and are seen around the fringe openings

of lower slopes and in plains. The species composition of this area is as follows:


1 Thega Tectona grandis

2 Beete Dalbergia latifolia

3 Honne Pterocarpus marsupium

4 Nandi Lagerstroemia lanceolata

5 Noga mara Cedrella toona

6 Karadi Chuckrassia tabularis

7 Thadasalu Grewia tilaefolia

8 Mathi Terminalia tomentosa

9 Uluve Terminalia paniculata

10 Thari Terminalia bellerica

Bambusa bamboos and Dendrocalamus strictus occur as an under storey and the

former is more common.

The under growth consists of the following species: –


1 Glycosmus pentaphylla

2 Curcuma species

3 Helictris isora

4 Lantana camara

5 Eupatorium odoratum

Among the climbers, following species are more common –


1 Spatholobus roxburghii

2 Acacia Concina



2.1.3 - Condition of the Crop.

The condition of the crop in a locality is the result of the interaction of various

climatic, edaphic and biotic factors. As these forests have been worked in the past, the

reasons like faulty management practices, fire, grazing, erosion etc. have caused changes in

different degrees at various places. The observation of Akbar Shah, made regarding the

condition of crop around Makut and Mundrote is still valid. It is stated in the Working Plan

that in Makut, soil conditions have changed considerably tending towards dryness, resulting

in retarded tree growth. In most of the areas, especially in Mundrote belt, regeneration has

become very sparse. In Thithimathi, in addition to the problems of fire, grazing and other

biotic factors, the invasion of weeds like Lantana and Eupatorium in forests, has made it

difficult for any regeneration to come up. The condition of the forests in general has

deteriorated so much that some of the size classes of important tree species are totally

missing.

2.1.4 - Forest types:

The forests of the division are tropical moist and dry types. Following are the main

types of forests found in the division:

1. Moist Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests (IA/C3) :–

It is confined to the Ghats and the vegetation forms several strata with very tall

trees. These forests in most of the areas appear to be climatic climax and are found

mainly in the Kerti and Padinalknad reserved forests. Predominant species are

Dysoxylum malabaricum, Dipterocarpus indicus, Hopea parviflora, Mesua ferrea,

Sterculia alata, Canarium strictum, Calophyllum tomentosum, Vateria indica etc.

2. Moist Tropical Semi-evergreen Forests (I/2A): –


deciduous forest types. It is rather difficult to distinguish this type of forests in the

field on account of its presence in patches or along with group of species characterstic

of other types. This type is confined mostly in the foothills or flat land on soils formed

from the crystalline rocks in the Kerti and Padinalknad reserved forests. The common

tree species in the upper storey are Xylia Xylocarpa, Terminalia paniculata,

Langerstroemia lanceolata, Hopea parviflora etc.



3. Moist Deciduous Forests (3B/C2): –

It comprises of species that remain leafless during March and April and is seen

around the fringes, opening of lower slopes and in plains, mainly in the Devamachi

and Mavukal reserved forests. Important species found are Big Bamboo (Bambusa

bamboos) Dalbergia latifolia, Terminalia paniculata, Terminalia tomentosa, Tectona

grandis, Lagerstroemia lanceolata, Adina cordifolia, Grewia tilaefolia, Bombax

ceiba, Anogeissus latifolia, Xylia xylocarpa etc.

4. Dry Deciduous Forests (5A/C3): –

This type of forest is formed by species, which remain deciduous for greater part

of the year. The canopy is uneven and is not particularly dense. The growth under

consists of a few shrubs and grassy growth, which become more prominent where

burning is resorted to. Canes and palms are absent and bamboo, whenever present, is

dry and stunted. These types of forests are found in the degraded portions of

Devamachi and Mavkal reserved forests. Main species found under this category are

Anogeissus latifolia, Terminalia chebula, Terminalia tomentosa, Terminalia

paniculata, Grewia tiliaefolia, Albizia odoratissima, Pterocarpus marsupium,

Lagerstroemia parviflora, Dalbergia paniculata, Zizyphus xylopyrous, Randia

dumatorum, Bauhinia racemosa, Diospyrous melanoxylon etc.

2.1.5 - Grass lands.

The grasslands which are found in these areas, intermixed with the forests are the

result of the degradation to which these forests have been subjected to in the past. The

degradation might have been caused because of faulty management practices resulting in loss

of tree cover causing erosion or because of repeated fire and other biotic factors. In Mundrote

and Makut ranges, these grasslands are seen on top of the ridges and these continue to exist

because of annual fires. These can be classified as high rainfall grasslands, normally at an

altitude above 750 m, and low rainfall grasslands, usually at an altitude below 750 m. These

grasslands perpetuate themselves because of adverse edaphic and biotic factors.

2.1.6 - Swamps:

These are commonly called ‘Hadlus’ in the local language. These are swampy flat

lands, which exist at different places in varying extents. Outside the reserved forests these

have been converted as paddy fields but inside the reserved forests these are cultivated



unauthorizedly. The current information regarding their actual number and extent in various

forests is not available. In Alva‘s working plan of old Hunsur Division the extent of Hadlus

in Devamachi and Mavkal reserved forests was assessed to be 2560 acres and 2000 acres

respectively.

The forests in the Padinalknad Reserved forest and Kerti Reserved forest can be

broadly classified under the category of evergreen and semi evergreen type. The total area

under this category is 22212.70 ha. The forests in the Mavukal Reserved forest and

Devamachi Reserved forest can be broadly classified under the category of moist and dry

deciduous types. The total area under this category is 7004.40 ha. In the deciduous type an

extent of 1846.15 ha. is under swamps or hadlus.

2.1.7 - Fauna:

Variety of fauna is found in Virajpet division. Rugged terrain, dense forests,

lushgreen valleys and perennial water streams flowing across the area offer ideal habitat for

wide range of mammals, reptiles, fishes, amphibians, birds and insects. But increasing human

population and consequent shrinkage and degradation of the habitat have had adverse impact

on wildlife.

Because of rich wildlife of the region, the Nagarhole wildlife sanctuary (Now the

Rajiv Gandhi national park with the inclusion of some area of the Mysore district) was

established way back in July 1955. The Brahmagiri wildlife sanctuary comprising of

Brahmagiri and Urti reserved forests were notified in 1974, subsequently other sanctuaries in

Coorg district viz., Pushpagiri and Talcauvery were notified. Although these wildlife areas

are outside Virajpet division, as these are located very close by, wide variety of fauna is

found in the division. During the preparation of the previous Working Plans of old Madikeri

division and old Hunsur division, these wildlife areas were included in these divisions. After

the reorganization of divisions, these are independent administrative units under the control

of wildlife divisions / sub-divisions. In spite of the fact the human habitations and cultivated

areas are surrounded by forests rich in wildlife, damage caused to life and property is not so

high.

The important animals are Tiger, Panther, Elephant, Sambar, Spotted deer, Barking

deer, Wild dog, Grey langoor etc.. Other typical rain forest fauna are Nilgiri langoor, Brown



palm civet and Lion tailed macaque. In addition to these, carnivores like Jackal, Jungle cat,

Rusty spotted Leopard cat, Small Indian civet, Common palm civet, Common mongoose,

Brown mangoose, Stripe necked mangoose are also present in the area. Birds commonly

found in these forests are Black eagle, Great horn bill, Soaring vulture, Malabar trogon,

Nilgiri black bird, Parrot, Wood peckers, Barn owls, Cuckoo, Red winged crested cuckoo,

Peafowl and Jungle fowl. The Honeybee is an asset in the area as it gives honey and thereby

supports the local apiculture industry. Important reptiles are King Cobra, Cobra, Python and

Russell viper. Tortoises are also occasionally seen in paddy fields and small tanks and also in

the evergreen patches of Mundrote and Makut ranges.

2.2 - INJURIES TO WHICH THE CROP IS LIABLE.

The most common forms of injuries to the crop in these forests are due to smuggling,

fire, wild animals, insects, climbers, grazing, parasites and epiphytes.

2.2.1 - Smuggling and Protection Problems.

From the viewpoint of forest protection, the division is quite sensitive. Organized

smuggling, especially along the inter-State border, and illicit removals by the local villagers

living in and around forests are serious problems. Various legislative and administrative steps

have been taken to check these activities. Police force has been stationed along the border at

sensitive points. Forest camps also have been located along the border in smuggling prone

areas. Routine patrolling and perambulation need to be intensified further in the division. The

eastern part of the division where large numbers of Teak plantations are located and where

many economically valuable species are found requires more protection. Encroachment is

another problem that needs immediate attention. If the demarcation of forest boundary around

the rubber and coffee estates is not proper, planters have a tendency to extend their

boundaries in the surrounding forests. Similarly, the encroachment in the Hadlus in the

reserved forests is to be tackled effectively. Amendment (1998) to the Karnataka Forest Act

1963 and Rules 1969 and the Judgment of the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India in the case of

T.N.Godavarman Vs Union of India and others have further strengthened the various legal

aspects concerning forest protection.

2.2.2 - Fire.

Fire is a serious problem in these forests. In the evergreen/semi evergreen zone, fire

on the hillocks covered with grasses seriously damages the surrounding vegetation/Sholas; its



repeated occurrence sets retrogression in the climatic and edaphic climax stages of the area

causing irreversible changes in the micro climate. This tends to make the area drier and

consequently it affects the process of succession. At the higher reaches, on one hand fire

causes shrinkage of Sholas and on the other, it leads to expansion of grassland. Fire due to

natural causes like lightening is very rare. Fire problem is more acute in the eastern part of

deciduous belt. Fire occurs mainly because of intentional/accidental reasons, as biotic

interference is more in these areas. The problem gets further aggravated because of thick mat

of fallen leaves on the forest floor. It creates gaps in the forest, which gradually get covered

by the invasion of weeds like Eupatorium or Lantana. The period between February and

April is the driest and the intensity of fire during this period is very severe. In view of this

there is urgent need for effective fire control measures including burning of fire lines. But

unless timely and complete action is taken there is all possibility that such measures become

totally futile.

2.2.3 - Wildlife damage.

Appreciable damage is caused, especially in the deciduous forests by the elephants to

the young poles, saplings and bamboo clumps. Elephants peel off the bark of younger Teak

and Kydia poles, which they relish very much. Young plants and regeneration also get

damaged due to trampling. Herbivores like Sambhar, Spotted deer, Bison etc. cause damage

to young plants by browsing. Bisons also cause damage by trampling young growth and by

rubbing their bodies against the saplings resulting in stripping off the bark. Wild boar and

Porcupines have a tendency to uproot seedlings and young saplings and to consume the juicy

tubers. Problems from insects and other microorganisms, even though seasonal and

occasional, also cause some concern, especially in the deciduous forests.

2.2.4 - Weeds and grasses.

Deciduous forests of the division are affected by the invasion of weeds like

Eupatorium and Lantana. The problem is more serious in the failed plantation areas or

wherever there are openings in forests. Eupatorium is more widespread and it suppresses

natural regeneration causing extensive damage to forests. During the dry season these weeds

dry up and act like readymade inflammable material and aid in the spread of fire very fast.

Lantana causes serious hindrance to the movement of wild animals. Its removal through

uprooting is not practically feasible, as it spreads by dispersal of seeds, coppice and root

sucker. Once uprooted, it will invade again by left over root stock and fresh dispersal of seeds



from other areas. Besides, such operations will be prohibitively costly. In the regeneration

areas, however, weeding has to be carried out till the plants are established.

Grasses also cause spread of fire and suppression of natural regeneration in the forests

of the division.

2.2.5 - Grazing.

In the past, strict restrictions were imposed on unauthorized grazing and it was

regulated strictly. But now a days, cattle can be seen in most parts of forests causing damage

to regeneration.

2.2.6 - Parasites and Epiphytes.

Loranthus is a serious problem in Teak plantations. Infestation by Loranthus retards

tree growth. Occasionally, trees die. The menace can be brought under control by mechanical

removal of the parasite. .



CHAPTER III.

UTLISATION OF THE PRODUCE.

3.1 - AGRICULTURAL CUSTOMS AND WANTS OF THE POPULATION.

3.1.1 - Virajpet division consists of 142 revenue villages of which 124 are in Virajpet taluk

and 18 are in Madikeri taluk. As per 2001 census the number of inhabited village of Virajpet

taluka is only 94. Out of a total geographical area of 1657.31 Sq kms, forest area of the

division is 292.171 km2. The principal agriculture crop is paddy, which is grown in an extent

of 135 km2. Area under the plantation crops like Coffee, Tea and Cardamom is 516.64 km

2,

3.44 km2 and 2.68 km

2 respectively. Area under Pepper, Arecanut is 34.92 km

2and 9.62 km

2

respectively. The population and population density of Virajpet Taluk as per the 2001 census

is 200628 and 124 per km2 respectively. As per the 2008 census total cattle population of

Virajpet taluk is 33277and total livestock population is 129125. This socio economic

statistics indicate that substantial area is either under plantation crops or under forests. The

population density is also relatively low.

Demand for various forest produce from forest areas for local consumption is less

except in and around Devamachi and Mavkal reserved forests where some tribal people live.

The tribals meet their bonafide needs locally from the surrounding forests. In the private

areas under plantation crops, sufficient firewood and timber is produced to meet the local

needs. Besides the reserved forests, there are appreciable extents of Paisari and Bane lands in

the division. Most of the demands of small timber for agricultural implements and for

construction or repair of sheds etc., are either met from these Paisari/Bane lands or from

private lands. Substantial quantity of timber and firewood is also obtained from the redeemed

lands and a part of this is consumed locally. In the past there was demand for charcoal which

was prepared and supplied by the department locally. No such demand for charcoal from

government forests exists now as the same can be met from private sources. Bamboo,

required for fencing is taken from the surrounding Bane or Paisari lands. Demand of leaf

manure is also met from these lands.

Grazing is one of the essential needs of the local agriculturist population for their

cattle. In the past strict regulations/restrictions were imposed on grazing in forest areas. Free

grazing was permitted in the Bane and Paisari lands only, which was enough for the local

grazing needs. With the increase of livestock and the conversion of grazing lands for farming



and other purposes, forest lands are under a lot of pressure and are facing serious grazing

problems. Stall feeding is not practiced much in the locality. Hundreds of cattle, which find

unrestricted entry into the forest, cause serious problem to regeneration. Therefore there is

immediate need to divert this pressure to unreserved areas and to promote stall feeding

locally.

3.2 - OTHER SOURCES OF DEMAND.

In the past, forests of the division used to cater to the demands of several industries

located outside Kodagu district which obtained raw material required for match wood, ply

wood, railways sleepers, factory fuel etc. In view of the urgency to conserve the bio-diversity

in tropical forests, the present day management of these forests has become conservation

oriented and no such supplies are being made.

3.3 - MARKETABLE PRODUCE.

3.3.1 - In the fast changing world of today the demand for traditional wooden products has

come down considerably because of various reasons. In the late nineteenth century and early

twentieth century, besides a few selected timber species, sandalwood and firewood, there was

not much demand for other forest products. But by the middle of the twentieth century, due to

rapid population growth and consequent increase in the demand, several tree species and

other forest products became marketable. This caused tremendous pressure on the forests and,

at many places, resulted in their depletion and degradation. But in the latter part of this

century, because of increased awareness of the role of forests in maintaining the ecological

equilibrium, discovery of a wide range of synthetic products, use of various metallic products

in the construction industry and increased use of alternative energy sources, the demand for

forest products has come down to some extent. Some of the marketable forest products are as

detailed below:-

3.3.2 - Sandalwood:

Sandalwood is the most precious marketable forest produce of these forests.

Sandalwood oil, which is obtained by its destructive distillation, is quite valuable and is

extensively used in the manufacture of soaps, incense sticks, perfumes, drugs etc. Good

quality wood is also used in several religious rituals. The present supply of Sandalwood from

the division is very meager as only dead/dying/diseased trees or the stumps of illicitly cut

trees from the government or private lands are extracted. In case of Sandalwood extracted



from private lands value based on current market price is paid to the owner as per the existing

government rules.

3.3.3 - Timber:

In the past, this area was an important source of timber supply to the market. For

different uses, varieties of tree species were harvested. The hardwood trees were sold after

extraction, conversion, transportation and classification in the depots. However softwood

trees were sold standing by allotment to various industries. The practice of standing tree sale

or coupe sale has already been discontinued. As felling of green trees in forests has been

stopped, only dead and fallen material, salvaged from forests is being sold in depots. But

these supplies are supplemented considerably from the material, which is received from the

redeemed or the other private lands.

3.3.4 - Firewood:

As stated earlier, because of increased uses of alternative energy sources, the demand

of firewood, though marketable has come down considerably. Even the traditional users like

tile factories, brick kilns etc. are also switching over to alternate means. But whatever

quantity is received at the depot from the extraction of dead and fallen material is sold

locally. This is also supplemented to a very big extent from the firewood supplies received

from the coffee plantations and other private areas including the redeemed lands.

3.3.5 - Bamboos, Canes and Reeds:

Bamboo, which was not considered economically very important in the early days of

the twentieth century, has subsequently gained a lot of importance because of its multifarious

uses. The demand of bamboo as raw material of pulp industry increased considerably during

the century. However, this demand has gradually decreased because of the increased

availability of other pulpwood species/material to the industries. But it is extensively used in

the cottage industry, for making thattis, baskets etc. Besides, bamboo is used extensively in

the rural areas for construction of houses and manufacture of household articles and

agricultural implements. Bamboo is available in sufficient quantity in the forests of the

division. It is used locally as well as in the adjoining parts of Mysore district. The main

species of bamboo found in the division are Bambusa bamboos and Bambusa arundinacea. In

small patches Dendrocalamus strictus is also found. Canes and Reeds are found in the high

rainfall areas. These are used mainly for furniture making. Their local demand is not much.

However, there is considerable demand for Canes and Reeds in other districts. As these were



overexploited in the past, it is necessary to provide complete protection and rest to facilitate

their regeneration. The important species of canes found in the area are Calamus rotang,

Calamus thwaitessi, Calamus pseudotenuis and Calamus travencoricus and among the

important species of reeds is Ochlendra reedii.

3.3.6 - Non-Timber Forest Produce:

There are several Non-Timber forest produce found in these forests which are

marketable. Important among these are Rubber, Seegekai (Acacia concinna), Watehuli

(Artocarpus lakucha fruits), Mardapachi (Moss and lichens), Cashew, Gulmavu bark

(Machilus macrantha bark), Honey, Bee wax, Nellikai (Emblica officinalis), Dhupa seeds

(Vateria indica fruits) etc. MFPs collection is normally being done by LAMP (Large area

multi purpose) Society through its members, who are tribals. If the Society does not come

forward, rights of collection are sold through tender cum auction sale. Earlier the lease period

was biannual but now it is annual.The list of NTFP available in the division is given in

Annexure-IXThe details of the quantity collected and revenue earned by LAMPS for last 10

years are enclosed in Annexure X.

3.4 - MARKETS AND LINES OF EXPORT.

In view of the formation of separate wildlife areas after the reorganization and ban on

the green fellings in the forest, the supply of timber to the depots has reduced substantially.

The major depots of the division are Thithimathi and Vatekolli. The salvaged material from

dead and fallen trees or teak poles (if plantation thinnings are carried out), are brought to

these depots and classified as per the existing classification standard. In view of the network

of better roads, most of markets of adjoining districts of Karnataka as well as Kerala are

easily accessible. The main markets are Calicut in Kerala, and Hunsur, Mysore and even

Bangalore in Karnataka.

3.5 - METHODS OF EXPLOITATION AND COST.

Extraction is done only from dead and fallen trees. For felling of dead trees

combination of axe and saws is used. For conversion, only saws are used. Even billets and

firewood are sized by saws. All the logs are taken in the round form by cutting at either end

by crosscut saws. At the middle point bark is removed for taking girth measurements.

Dragging is done by Elephants from the stump site to the lorry track and timber is further

transported by lorries. The old methods for transportation of timber either by floating or



through skyline cranes etc. are now totally abandoned. Saws are used for thinning of poles in

teak plantations. Bamboo is cut with axe. Collection of minor forest produce is done by

traditional methods.The cost of extraction has increased over the years. In areas where the

terrain is difficult and where skilled labourers are not locally available and have to be brought

from outside, cost works out more. The details of depot-wise sales of timber are given in

Annexure XI.

3.6 - PAST AND CURRENT PRICES.

The species-wise and class-wise average prices of timber received in various depot

sales in Virajpet division are given in Annexures XII. The increase in the prices is because

of limited availability of material and inflationary trend in the economy.



CHAPTER IV

ACTIVITIES OF KARNATAKA FOREST DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION

(KFDC) IN HARVESTING AND MARKETING OF FOREST PRODUCE, RESULT

OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY

4.1 - General

Karnataka Forest Development Corporation Ltd., Bangalore is a government

undertaking and it was incorporated as a company under the Company Act, 1956 on

25/01/1971. The corporations main activities are to develop plantations of rubber, pulpwood,

teak and bamboo which are commercially viable. It also develops the forest land and support

forest department and reclaims the waste lands converting them into productive assets.

KFDC Ltd., Bangalore is not having any area or activities in Hunsur Forest Division.

Another Corporation called Karnataka Cashew Development Corporation Ltd., (KCDC),

Mangalore was incorporated in 1978 for scientifically managing the cashew plantations

raised hitherto by Karnataka Forest Department promoting the development of cashew

plantation in the state. However, there are no activities of KFDC Ltd., in Virajpet division.

The other Corporation called Karntaka State Forest Corporation Ltd (KSFIC), Banglore was

incorporated in the year 1973 with the objectives of undertaking exploitation of forest

produce, processing of forest produce and their marketing as finished products. In Virajpet

division, the services of Karnataka State Forest Industry Corporation (KSFIC) are taken in

thinning of teak plantations and in logging activity in natural forest for extraction of deed and

fallen trees. After extraction, the KSFIC transports the harvested timber and poles to the

forest depots. In case of firewood, they pay royalty to the forest department and transport the

firewood to their sale depots. The KSFIC works almost 300 days in a year engaging on an

average 70-80 laborers (30% from local villages) everyday to carryout their harvesting

operations. The quantity of timber extracted by KSFIC for last 10 years in Virajpet division

is given in the table below.

Table – 5: Details of Timber & Poles extracted by the KSFIC Mangalore during the

Year 2001-02 in Virajpet Division

Sl

No Name of the Range

Name of the

Locality

No of Trees

extracted

Quantity in

M3 (Logs=M3)

1 Virajpet Kedamollor 196 200= 100.028

2 Virajpet Palangala 13 76= 38.441

3 Ponnampet Hysodlor 26 60= 60.945

4 Ponnampet Karthikadu 62 80= 40.097



5 Ponnampet Begur 11 25= 5.699

6 Ponnampet Hysodlor 1 10= 14.009

Table – 6: Details of Timber & Poles extracted by the KSFIC, Mangalore during the

Year 2002-03 in Virajpet Division

Sl

No

Name of the

Range

Name of

the Locality Coupe No

No of Trees

extracted Quantity in M

3

1 Thithimathi Devamachi 2 408 920= 338.099

2 Thithimthi Devamachi Year of plantation Poles

3 --―-- --―-- 1973 1230

4 --―-- --―-- 1975 130

5 --―-- --―-- 1976 255

6 --―-- --―-- 1944 650

7 --―-- --―-- 1949 300

8 --―-- --―-- 1950 1260

9 --―-- --―-- 1950 1960

10 --―-- --―-- 1944 22

11 --―-- --―-- 1935 171

12 --―-- --―-- 1977 82

Total 6060

4.2 - Socio - Economic Situation:-

In earlier days, both rural and urban people mostly depended on firewood for

household cooking. However, dependence on firewood for household cooking has not

decreased significantly in Virajpet division especially in rural areas. But whatever quantity is

received at the depot from the extraction of dead and fallen material is sold locally. This is

also supplemented to a very big extent from the firewood supplies received from the coffee

plantations and other private areas including the redeemed lands.

The other important requirements of the local people are bamboo, timber for house

construction, small timber for agricultural implements and NTFP like honey, tree moss,

cashew, Gulmavu bark, Nellikai, Dhupa seeds etc. The bamboo is used for construction of

dwelling houses by the poor and also used for making baskets, furniture and other bamboo

crafts. MFPs collection is normally being done by LAMP (Large Area Multi Purpose)

Society through its members, who are tribals. Virajpet is well known for timber trade

specially teak. Tithimati teak is noted for its quality and durability. There are 10 sawmills in



Virajpet division. The demand for timber for construction and for making furniture is steadily

increasing due to change in life style and improvement of socio-economic status of all classes

of people. Due to ban in green felling in the state, the availability of all kinds of timber in

forest department depots is very limited. To meet the increasing demands, the timber

merchants in the private sector have been importing timber mainly teak from abroad which is

a positive trend from the conservation point of view.

4.3 - JFPM Programme And Forest Resource Management:-

One of the fundamental objectives of 1998 Forest Policy is to involve communities in

protecting and restoring forests. The Government of Karnataka had vide order No.

AHFF.232.FAP.86 dated 12-04-1993 and subsequently vide order No. AFEE.50.FAP.2000,

dated 19-06-2002 issued guidelines for JFPM programme in the state. Under F.D.A., 19

EDCs(Devarkadu Thakka Mukyasthara Vedike) were formed. These were formed primarily

to protect and manage Devarakadus. As per the guidelines, 6 Village Forest Committees

(VFCs) have been formed under KSFMBC in order to rehabilitate degraded forests having

less than 0.25 density with the active involvement and participation of local community.

Total 1830 hectares of forest areas having plantations are being managed under JFPM

programme in Virajpet division. Under this programme, both afforestation and entry point

activities have been taken up. In some VFCs, Income Generating Activities (IGA) are taken

up through Self Help Groups (SHGs).The main purpose of formation of VFCs is to address a

variety of problems in protection, regeneration, development and management of forest and

at the same time to improve the livelihood conditions of the people living in the forest fringe

villages by sharing benefits. The detailed socio-economic profile of the VFCs of Virajpet

division based on the micro-plan records is given in Annexure XIII. It is evident from the

socio-economic data that many families from the VFC villages still depend on forest for the

requirement of fodder, fuel wood, small timber, bamboo and other NTFP and medicinal

plants. The weaker section of the society mainly SC, ST, land less people, small farmers and

daily wagers also depend on various forest activities for their livelihood. The effective

implementation of different forestry schemes in the JFPM area is going to fulfill the needs of

the local people considerably in the long run to improve their livelihood condition which will

help in forest conservation and development to retain the forest healthy and protected.

Another user group of forest produce in Virajpet division is the Large Area Multi-

Purpose Society (LAMPS) consisting of members from schedule tribes families. The society

collects NTFP from the forest areas and share the profit among the members.



CHAPTER V.

5.1 - FIVE YEAR PLANS.

Many poor people including tribals live in and around forest areas and are dependent

on forest resources for their development. Forests meet about 40 percent of the energy needs

of the country of which 80 percent is utilised in rural areas. Forest products play a very

important role in rural and tribal economy as many of these non-timber forest produces

provide sustenance to the rural poor. For landless families, small and marginal farmers, forest

related activities often provide primary source of income. Forest conservation and

development plays role not only in poverty alieviation but also in addressing global concerns

of climate change and in conservation of floral and faunal bio-diversity. The planners and

policy makers all over the world now have realised the economic, ecological and

hydrological values of forests and their contribution for the welfare of the nation.

As per the report of the Working Group for Forestry Sector setup by the Planning

Commission of India to formulate proposals for the 11th

Five Year Plan, it is estimated that

about 270 million tonnes of fuelwood, 280 million tonnes of fodder, over 12 million cubic

meter of timber and countless non-timber forest produces are removed from forests annually.

At a conservative level of pricing, the value of these commodities will approximately

aggregate to over Rs. 27,500 crore per annum. The contribution of forests to India‘s GDP has

varied from 1.0 to 2.5 percent.

The forest cover of India as per 2011 assessment is 692,027 km2 which is 21.05

percent of the total geographical area of the country (India State forest report, 2011). The

over all change in forest cover in the country as compared to the previous assessment of 2009

after making adjustment for interpretational changes is a loss of 367 km2. In case of

Karnataka state, the forest and tree cover is 21.86 percent (tree cover – 2.99 per cent and

forest cover – 18.87 per cent). There has been an increase of 6 km2 in the open forest and a

decrease of 2 km2 in the moderately dense forests and thus an overall 4% increase in forest

cover has been reported as compared to the previous assessment. However, no change of

forest cover has been noticed in Kadagu district. In the past, there has not been a

comprehensive and constant programme structure for forestry. Although plans had specified

objectives and programmes, the main activity under most of them was tree planting. Until

1976, the forest resource was seen as a source of earning revenue for the state and therefore

little was spent for its protection and development. The percentage share of Forestry Sector



outlay changed from 0.32 percent of the total outlay in the First FYP to 0.94 percent in Eight

FYP. However, the allocation was raised to 1.09 percent in Seventy FYP. In 1976, the

governance of forest came under the concurrent list. ‗Development without destruction‘ and

‗forests for survival‘ were the themes of the next two Five Year Plans aiming at increasing

wildlife reserves and at linking forest development with the tribal economy.

The emphasis of the different Five Year Plans (FYPs) regarding forestry sector was as

follows:

First FYP (1951-1956) and Second FYP (1956-1961) – rehabilitation of degraded

forests, introduction of economic species, survey and demarcation;

Third FYP (1961-1966) and Fourth FYP (1969-1974) – increasing productivity of

forests through fast growing species plantation, scientific assessments and logging;

Fifth FYP (1974-1979) – large scale plantation, social forestry and forest

conservation;

Sixth FYP (1980-1985) – social forestry and fuelwood reserves to save natural forest;

Seventh FYP (1985-1990) – forest conservation, massive afforestation and waste land

development;

Eighth FYP (1992-1997) and Nineth FYP (1997-2002) – Preservation of biological

and genetic diversity (both flora and fauna), protection of forests against biotic

interference, utilisation of wastelands, and promotion of people‘s participation

through Joint Forest Management;

Tenth FYP (2002-2007) – strengthening of infrastructure for forest protection and

preparation of working plans – survey and demarcation of forest areas, regeneration

and eco-development of degraded forests and adjoining areas on watershed basis,

involvement of local people in protection of forests;

Eleventh FYP (2007-2012) – consolidation and strengthening of JFM, regeneration of

bamboo in gregariously flowered area of North Eastern states, identification and

special protection to vegetation areas / habitats having en-dangered, rare, vulnerable

and endemic species; conservation of bio-diversity and capacity building in forestry

sector.

5.1.1 - Virajpet division was created in 1992. Since inception of the division, afforestation

and other forestry activities have been taken up under various schemes. The details of

allotment and expenditures incurred under various plan schemes for the period from 2000-01



to 2010-11 covering from Nineth Five Year Plan to Eleventh Five Year Plan are enclosed in

Annexure XIV.

During Tenth & Eleventh FYPs, the division raised about3962.00ha plantations in forest land

and other public land. During the same period, 6.23 lakhs seedlings were distributed for

planting on private land.

There are Six Village Forest Committees (VFCs) under JFM programme starting from 1995-

96 to 2007-08 were formed in the division and 1830.00 ha plantations have been raised in the

VFCs area under different schemes involving local people. The major plan schemes

implemented under JFM programme were :

1. CSS-NAP (National Afforestation Programme)

2. KSFMBC (Karnataka sustainable forest management and bio-diversity conservation)

3. CSS-AOFF (Afforestation of Fuel and Fodder)

4. CSS-NTFP (Non Timber Forest Produce)

5. NBM (National Bamboo Mission)

Many afforestation activities were taken up in the non forest area which in turn helped

in protection of many public lands from encroachment and deforestation.

5.1.2 - Suggestion for future forestry activities: For fulfilling the objectives of the FYPs

and keeping in mind the conditions of the natural forests, the following measures are

suggested to be taken up during the plan period :

1. Consolidation of forest areas;

2. Strengthening of infrastructure and capacity building of man power for protection of

forests;

3. Strengthening of JFPM programme;

4. Adequate protection and management of flowered bamboo areas to revive expected

regeneration;

5. Improvement of wildlife habitat;

6. Strategy for reducing man-animal conflict specially in elephant movement areas;

7. Farm forestry to increase tree cover with special measures to suggest alternative crops

in human-elephant conflict zone and in tobacco growing areas;

8. Regeneration of natural species including sandalwood, bamboo and medicinal plants;

9. Control of invasive weeds like Lantana and Eupatorium;

10. Suitable SMC works as per site specific plan in watershed concept.



CHAPTER VI

6.1 - STAFF AND LABOUR SUPPLY

6.1.1 - General.

The optimum strength and quality of staff have direct bearing on the effective and

efficient working of a forest division. With the increasing population the pressure on the

forest has increased manifold. Today, the number of Acts and Rules regulating the

management of forest and tree growth both in government and private lands are far more than

these were in the past. Untrained staff or shortage of trained staff can have adverse effect on

the forest protection and quality of works. The establishment may be categorized as

supervisory, executive and ministerial.

6.1.2 - Staff position:

Virajpet forest division has two sub-divisions with its headquarters in Virajpet and

Thithimathi and has five ranges, namely, Virajpet, Thithimathi, Ponnampet, Makut and

Mundrote ranges. At the supervisory level, i.e. at and above the level of RFO, the staff

strength is adequate. But at the executive level, i.e. at and above the level of Forester, Forest

Guard and Forest Watcher, the staff strength is not adequate. This is due to irregular or no

recruitment at these levels for many years because of economy orders. However, during the

recent years, recruitment at these levels has been regular and there is need to continue this

process to ensure that all the vacant posts are filled. For effective protection and scientific

management of the forests, more posts of beat guards and permanent forest watchers are

required. The beat guards and section foresters should also have respective offices in their

beats and sections. There is also need to strengthen the protection staff with improved

communication equipments. The details of present staff position are given in table below :

Table- 7: The present staff strength in Virajpet Division

Sl.

No. Designation

No. of posts sanctioned and filled as on 30.08.2014

Sanctioned Filled Vacant

1 DCF 1 1 -

2 ACF 2 2 -

3 Manager 1 - 1

4 Superintendent 1 1 -

5 RFO 7 4 3

6 Deputy RFO 39 25 14

7 FDA 8 6 2

8 II Division Surveyor 1 1 -

9 SDA 10 3 7

10 Driver 3 - 3

11 Forest Guard 68 34 34



12 Forest Watcher 17 1 16

13 I.B.Care taker 2 2 -

14 Police constable 2 - 2

15 Peon (Group D) 9 5 4

Total: 171 85 86

Supernumerary NIL

6.1.3 - Labour Force.

Assured and skilled labour force is extremely essential for successful implementation

of various forestry works. In the past there was not much difficulty in getting labour. The

tribals like Kurubas, Yeravas and Kudiyars who stay in and around the forests were available

for works as unskilled or sometimes as skilled labourers.The skilled labourers were mostly,

malyalis and paniyars who came from the coastal areas and used to work on piece contract

system rather than on daily wages. But now the availability of labour has become scarce as

the local people prefer to work in the private plantations where they earn higher wages than

what is payable as per the departmental SSRs. and get assured work for most part of year.

Besides they need not have to move from place to place as it happens in the forestry works.

Though the local people including the tribals are available for certain works and in some of

the seasons, to overcome labour shortage, especially in respect of skilled labour, workers are

brought from adjoining areas of Kerala State or Mysore district. At present, there are 23

muster rolls daily wage workers in the division.

6.1.4 - Wage Rates

The laborers engaged in forestry operations are paid as per the rates of Common

Sanctioned Schedule of Rates (SSRs) of forest department for various items of works. There

are different wage rates for different category of daily wage mazdoors. The common SSRs

are revised time to time at state level by the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (HOF)

based on the guidelines of Labor Department on minimum wage. The wage rates in the forest

department have been revised again by the PCCF(HOFF), Bangalore vide O.M No:

D1/BUD/R-61/2014-15, dated: 05.05.2014. As per the recent revised SSRs, the per day wage

rates for skilled labour, semi-skilled labour and unskilled labour are Rs.289.04, Rs.269.04

and Rs.259.04respectively. The category wise daily wage mazdoors and wage rates

sanctioned for the year 2014-15 is given in the Annexure XV. As per the Government Order

dated: 11-06-2009 and as per the PCCF Office O.M. No: D-1/BUD/CR-97/2009-10, dated:

10-07-2009, there is a provision to pay additional amount of Rs.1000/- per month to the daily

wage workers who have been taken for different forestry activities within the period from 01-

07-1984 to 29-01-1990 and who have been continuously working in the department.



CHAPTER VII.

7.1 - PAST SYSTEM OF MANAGEMENT

7.1.1 - GENERAL HISTORY OF MANAGEMENT

History of scientific management of the forests of Coorg province dates back to 1865

when the Forest conservancy department was organized in the province, which was a part of

British India. The rules for management of these forests were first introduced in 1865 and

subsequently modified in 1871. Later on, in 1887, the Indian Forest Act of 1878 was

extended to Coorg. In the latter half of the nineteenth century, several plantation crops like

coffee, cardamom, orange etc. were introduced and large patches of forests were cleared

either for raising these plantation crops or for agriculture. Gradually one third of the area of

the province was set aside as reserved forests and remaining areas were to be used for other

purposes. Some wooded areas were kept out of reservation to meet the local demands of

various forest produce. Devamachi and Mavkal reserved forests were constituted in 1891 and

other two reserved forests of the division viz. Padinalknad and Kerti were constituted in 1906

and 1908 respectively.

Soon after the constitution of reserved forests, plans were prepared for their scientific

and systematic management. The first working plan of the deciduous forests of Devamachi

and Mavkal was prepared in 1894. Again during 1899, a fresh working plan was prepared for

Devamachi and Mavukal covering the entire reserved forests. Dissatisfied with exploitation

system and injurious results of the above plans, Tireman prepared a new working plan in

1912. During 1916 Tireman prepared the first working plan for the Ghat forests in and around

Makut. Brand's plan introduced during 1933 was mostly for the deciduous forests. During

1933, Van Haeften prepared a plan for Makut Range, which was in operation for 10 years.

Rangaswamy‘s plan was for 15 years from 1940 onwards. Then came the three plans of

Somaiah for Ghat forests, moist deciduous forests and sandal forests for 1954-1974, 1957-

1972 and 1959-1974 respectively. The working plan by Akbar Shah for 1987- 1996 was for

the old Madikeri division that included Padinalknad and Kerti reserved forests of the present

Virajpet division. Alva‘s plan (1978-79 to 2002-03) for old Hunsur division includes

Devamachi and Mavkal reserved forests of the present Virajpet division.

The plans prepared towards the end of nineteenth century or in the first half of

twentieth century were mostly for specific area or locality with specific objects of

management and therefore did not cover the forests of entire Coorg province. From 1867 up



to 1916, permits were issued to the West Coast merchants allowing them to remove timber

from any part of forests. But after the introduction of working plans, selection system was

adopted to remove only mature and over mature trees followed by suitable tending operations

for improving the growing stock. Between 1918 and 1925, extraction of Poon timber was

done around Sollekolly on a scheme sanctioned by the then government to meet the growing

demand of the species which was found suitable for the manufacture of Aircraft propellers. In

1919, on the advice of George Hart, the then Inspector General of Forests, regeneration

fellings were carried out in Barpole valley with successful results. In 1926 certain regulations

were introduced in the selection fellings and GBH was restricted to 1.22 m. The Kumri

system in the evergreen forests, which was introduced in 1902, was abolished in 1922. The

tapping of Hardwickia trees for wood tar that was introduced in 1946 was discontinued in

1948 in view of its adverse effects on the forests. By this time, under the selection system,

felling of mature trees limiting to only certain number per hectare was introduced.

Since the early days of forest management, lots of efforts were made to extend the

area under Teak. Teak plantations were raised from 1868 to 1989 regularly at various

intervals. In 1898 about 307.567 ha of teak plantations were raised in Makut range. During

the year 1890, Taungya cultivation was introduced in teak plantation. However the result was

mixed in nature. During 1925 the system of clear felling forests followed by concentrated

artificial regeneration of teak was introduced as per Brand‘s working plan and continued up

to 1932. Bamboo plantations of species like Dendrocalamus strictus, Dendrocalamus

gigantia, Bambusa bomboos, Bamboosa arundinaceae etc. were also raised between 1913 to

1927 to provide material required for floating of heavier logs. Subsequently, with the

improvement in facilities for transportation of timber, raising of bamboo plantation was

discontinued. From 1945 to 1951, attempts were made to raise miscellaneous species like

Rosewood, Nandi, Honne, Mathi along with Teak in some of the regeneration areas.

In Somaiah‘s working plan conservation oriented management approach was adopted

by prescribing the removal of only mature and over mature trees under the selection system.

The sensitive, inaccessible degraded/over exploited areas were grouped in the protection-

working circle so that regular exploitation of trees in such areas may be prevented.

Grasslands were proposed to be brought under plantations. He had left a large extent of areas

unallotted in his plan leaving these for future working. Because of adverse effect of

Cardamom cultivation on the surrounding evergreen forest he recommended for the ban on

such cultivation in forests.



For the deciduous forests, Somaiah constituted the conversion-working circle by

combining the conversion-working circle I and conversion working circle II of Mr

Rangaswamy‘s plan as the objectives of these two working circles were the same. In this

conversion-working circle he divided the area into periodic blocks. In the periodic block ‗C‘

he included all plantations formed till 1957 and had given prescriptions of thinning and

tending operations. In periodic block (I) he proposed clear felling and planting during the

plan period. In the periodic block (Unallotted) he included all the remaining areas. Part of the

area from the unallotted periodic block was to be brought under conversion during the next

working plan period; however for the balance area he suggested working under selection

method (subsidiary coupes) adopting a felling cycle of 30 years and a minimum exploitable

girth of 7 feet at breast height.

The same approach of conservation oriented management continued in the last

working plan of Akbar Shah. Besides, keeping the inaccessible and sensitive areas under

protection working circle he also constituted the wildlife working circle with emphasis on

habitat improvement in such areas and providing various protective measures for the safety of

wildlife. However subsequently these wildlife areas have been brought under the independent

administrative control of wildlife subdivision for exclusive wildlife management. Under the

selection working circle he adopted a felling cycle of 20 years and prescribed for limits on

number and size of trees to be felled. Degraded forest areas in the reserved forests as well as

in the Paisari lands were brought under the Improvement working circle. As the main

objective of this working circle was to improve the growing stock, tending operations, under

planting, gap planting etc. were prescribed. In addition, to maintain hygienic conditions and

protect the forests from fire and pilferage, removal of dead and fallen trees was prescribed as

a general treatment in one twentieth of the area coming under this category every year. For

raising plantations in the forest lands and other non-forest government lands Regeneration

working circle was constituted. In the Teak working circle various works like thinning of

existing teak plantations, improvement works in the teak dominant areas, clear felling of

unwanted growth in degraded areas to raise teak plantations and, after the rotation age,

extraction and regeneration of older teak plantations areas etc., were prescribed. Bamboo was

to be managed under culm selection system. For Sandalwood, removal of only dead trees

followed by natural as well as artificial regeneration was recommended. Other working

circles constituted under this plan were Minor Forest Produce overlapping working circle,

Plantation working circle, Canes working circle and Reeds working circle.



Akbar Shah's Working Plan did not cover the deciduous areas of Devamachi and

Mavkal reserved forests. These areas were covered in the working plan of old Hunsur

division written by Alva for the period of 1978-79 to 2002-03. In his working plan he

constituted the Teak plantation working circle in which all the older plantations which were

to be felled were grouped, keeping in view the rotation age of 80 years. These areas were

proposed to be replanted. In the Selection cum Improvement working circle, the degraded

areas with poor regeneration were brought in. The exploitable GBH prescribed was 1.23 m

subject to the condition that 100 to 150 trees should be retained after marking and gaps of

more than 25 feet should not be created. Along with this, dead, dying and diseased trees

should also be removed. After extraction such areas were recommended for planting with

miscellaneous species. In bamboo overlapping working circle, extraction of bamboos was

prescribed under culm selection system with 5 years of felling cycle. It is stated in the

working plan that bamboo had flowered gregariously in these forests in 1964 and it normally

flowers once in 35 to 40 years. In the Sandalwood overlapping working circle, extraction of

only dead, dying and diseased trees was recommended. Some other working circles like

Wildlife management working circle, Minor Forest Produce working circle etc. were also

constituted.

Though Akbar Shah‘s Working Plan expired in 1996, Alva‘s plan was still in

currency. However, due to the ban on felling of green trees in forests, the prescriptions of

these plans were not given effect to. But a closer look at the forests worked earlier reveals

that the practice of allocating all available areas for working under selection system on a

general principle of limiting the number of trees per unit area without considering the

stocking and distribution pattern has resulted in either depletion of the stock or overcrowding

of mature trees in patches. Unfortunately the prescriptions of Somaiah's plans were also not

implemented properly. The areas kept aside for protection were worked without considering

the extent of operations and period of felling cycle. Records were not maintained in a manner

as prescribed either in the working plan or in the code. This defective implementation of

working plan caused wide spread degradation of forests and in some areas it is responsible

for retrogression of the climax vegetation where changes have become irreversible.

The policy decision regarding ban on felling of green trees was primarily concerned

with the Conversion working circle and the Selection working circle and not with the other

working circles prescribed in the working plans. If all other prescriptions of the working



plans were followed strictly along with the ban on felling of green trees, the forests would

have improved much better in the last fifteen years. Unfortunately the ban on green felling

was used to justify all the unsystematic working in the forests. All the accessible areas, which

were already burdened with a variety of adverse biotic factors, were repeatedly worked for

the removal of dead and fallen trees. The selection of area for working, determining the

extent to be worked or quantity to be removed was left to subordinate staff. Such adhocism

and arbitrariness caused irreparable damage to regeneration in the natural forests. The present

condition of forests especially in the deciduous belt is degraded. Uncontrolled grazing and

repeated ground fires have caused further deterioration. No care was taken to maintain the

records about the details of extraction or deviations made in a particular area as prescribed in

the working plan. Thinning and other tending operations in the older teak plantations were

left to the discretion of local staff.

In the failed plantations or wherever big gaps were created weeds like Lantana and

Eupatorium have invaded with the result that regeneration has become almost negligible.

Similar effects can be seen in case of management of other forest produce like Bamboo,

Canes, Reeds, MFPs etc. As the prescriptions of the current working plan of Alva for

Mavukal and Devamachai areas have not at all been followed for various reasons, it is

appropriate to revise the plan as per the present government policies/guidelines so as to have

a complete working plan of this newly created Virajpet division.

In the past, evergreen forests, areas were leased out for Cardamom cultivation to

various people. Up to 1941, roughly 5475.56 hectares of forests were leased out for this

purpose for a period of 21 years. This cultivation was earlier practiced by the method known

as Plot Method, which was subsequently changed to plantation method. But in view of its

adverse effect on the evergreen forests, it was recommended in the last working plan to

terminate the left over leases, if any, and resume back such leased areas for restocking and

with this view Cardamom cultivation in forest was to be completely eliminated. Subsequently

in 1975 after the expiry of leases all these areas have been resumed back by the department.

In view of this there is no need to consider this issue any more in the plan.

History of management of Sandalwood forests is very old in Coorg. As in the past,

areas were reserved based on their potential for growing good timber species and occurrence

of sandalwood was not a criterion in this regard. It was found that better Sandal growing

areas were in Paisari lands than in reserved forests. Before 1899, Sandalwood was collected



through private agencies and contractors were given the target of average yield per annum,

which was fixed at 110 tonnes and subsequently revised to 200 tonnes. The payment was

made on the basis of rates fixed for the exploitation of per tonne of Sandalwood. Efforts were

also made to raise Sandalwood plantations, the technique of which was changed to sowing of

seeds during the time of Tireman with good results. From 1925 to 1930, the extraction of

fixed and predetermined yield was stopped and preference was given only for the removal of

dead and dying trees. Till 1930 Sandal-bearing areas were not worked under any plan or

scheme. In 1930, after carrying out preliminary enumeration, a scheme was introduced. Later

on, in Rangaswamy‘s working plan for the period 1940 to 1955, detailed prescriptions for the

management of Sandalwood growing in various types of land and under various conditions

were given. Thereafter, in view of its increased prices and consequently increased smuggling

problems, the growing stock started depleting fast. This necessiated removal of only dead,

dying and diseased Sandalwood in the subsequent plans.

In the recent past the working was done on the above line on the basis of the annual

schemes prepared in the division. In Makut and Mudrote ranges, while salvaging dead and

fallen material, mainly hardwood was extracted. The quantity of rosewood and teak salvaged

was very less. There is considerable variation in the quantity of material salvaged from year

to year. Some of the compartments were worked repeatedly in Thithimathi range. Besides

salvaging of hardwood timber, damaged poles from plantations and firewood were also

extracted. Here also, some areas were worked repeatedly without having any regard to past

working. In case of teak plantations also, thinnings were not done systematically. This

resulted in overcrowding of stems in many plantations. Bamboo was extracted mainly from

Thithimathi and Mundrote ranges. Extraction was done departmentally and bamboos were

sold to Medars and public. The working was based on the requirement and did not have any

bearing with the potential of the bamboo resources in the area. As Canes were over-exploited

in the past, there is no need to resume its extraction during this plan period. Though 43 kinds

of minor forest produce are listed in the division, the collection of only some of them is being

done presently. Except Cashew the lease for the collection of other minor forest produce is

being given to Large Area Multipurpose (LAMP) Society, Thithimathi. The collection of

Gulmavu chakke (bark of Machilus macarantha) and exudation of Vateria indica and

Canarium strictum (black and white dammer) has caused severe damage to the trees.

Similarly collection of oil from the Hardwickia pinnata trees also caused damage to them.



Therefore these items have been deleted from the list of minor forest produces to be collected

in the division.

7.1.2 - The reasons for the deviation from the approved plans were:

1. Government order banning the felling of green trees in the forest.

2. Reorganisation of divisions and consequently changes in the areas of prescribed

felling series.

3. Due to the change in the priorities of management in the National park and

Sanctuary areas.

4. Paucity of funds and their untimely releases.

5. Number of posts remaining vacant in the division.

6. Change in the demand pattern over a period of time.




Hunsur division was written by Mr. U.T. Alva IFS. Akbar Shah‘s plan (1987-96) expired in

1996. Although Alva‘s plan was still in currency (1978-79 – 2002-03), in view of the re-

organization of areas and changed circumstances its revision has been necessitated. In view

of the reorganization of areas and also because of the fact that the situation prevailing prior to

1978 when Alva‘s plan was written had considerably changed, it was decided to write a plan

covering the newly created Hunsur forest division and the first Working Plan of the division

was written by Shri Ajai Misra for the period 2001-02 to 2010-11. Ajai Misra‘s working plan

prescribed the following working circles: to achieve the objects in view and to exploit the

forests without endangering their character, and also to improve their present condition.

1. Protection working circle,

2. Improvement working circle,

3. Teak plantation working circle,

4. Bamboo overlapping working circle,

5. Sandal wood overlapping working circle,

6. Minor Forest Produce working circle, and

7. Miscellaneous regulations (JFPM working circle)



7.2 - Review of implementation of Working Plan of Virajpet Division written by shri

Ajay Misra

The area allotted to different working circles is as under:

Table – 8: Details of area allotted under different working circles

Sl

No

Name of the

working circle

Reserved

forest area

in ha.

Non forest

area in ha.

Other areas

(including private

lands) in ha.

Total

1 Protection working

circle 25248.11 --- --- 25248.11

2 Improvement

working circle 4777.50 --- --- 4777.50

3 Teak Plantation

working circle 2309.00 --- --- 2309.00

4 Bamboo overlapping

working circle 4695.36 82.21 --- 4779.59

5

Sandal wood

overlapping working

circle

29217.10 102589.02 69366.52 142447.64

6

Minor forest

produce overlapping

working circle

29217.10 10641.52 40957.33 80815.95

7

Miscellaneous

regulations (JFPM

working circle)

--- 4348.02 --- 4348.02

Total : 36682.76

7.2.1 - Progress of implementation of the prescriptions of the working plans:

7.2.2 – Protection Working Circle : Makut and Mundrote Ranges of this Division comes

under this working circle comprising of 25248.11 Ha area. No logging including removal of

dead and fallen trees was permitted except salvaging of dead and fallen trees of Rosewood,

White cedar and Aini found in the dry season as and when found. Gap planting/ under

planting in suitable area of an extent of 10-20 ha every year both in Makut and Mundrote

ranges was prescribed.

Progress of implementation : No logging including removal of dead and fallen trees

was carried out during the plan period. Regeneration works like gap planting, Seed sowing,

planting of mixed species, canes and bamboos were taken up. The details of regeneration

works are given below.



Table – 9: Details of regeneration works taken up

Sl.

No.

Name of the

Range Year Extent Name of scheme

1 Makut 2001-02 - -

2 --―-- 2002-03 - -

3 --―-- 2003-04 - -

4 --―-- 2004-05 75.00 KFDF

5 --―-- 2005-06 - -

6 --―-- 2006-07 40.00 KSFMBC, TFC

7 --―-- 2007-08 - -

8 --―-- 2008-09 90.00 KSFMBC, TFC, KFDF

9 --―-- 2009-10 157.50 KFDF, KSFMBC

10 --―-- 2010-11 125.00 FPR&CO, DDF

11 Mundrote 2001-02 - -

12 --―-- 2002-03 34.00 Fuel & fodder

13 --―-- 2003-04 - -

14 --―-- 2004-05 50.00 KFDF

15 --―-- 2005-06 130.00 KSFMBC (Model-1)

16 --―-- 2006-07 86.47 DDF, KSFMBC (Model-1)

17 --―-- 2007-08 175.00 12th

Finance & KSFMBC

18 --―-- 2008-09 225.00 TFC, KFDF, KSFMBC

19 --―-- 2009-10 180.00 KFDF, FPR&CO & KSFMBC

20 --―-- 2010-11 35.00 KSFMBC (Model-2 & 4)

7.2.3 - Improvement working circle: This working circle consistsed of forest areas of

Devamachi and Mavukal reserve forests and surrounding paisary lands of Thithimathi ange.

The total area under this working circle was 4777.59 ha.

Details of activities proposed and carried out:

Activities proposed:

Salvage logging followed by improvement operations was proposed in Tithimathi

Series comprised of 10 blocks for 10 year felling cycle. For improvement operations gap

planting/under planting, tending operations, protection or by their combination in a block of

area not exceeding 100 ha. per annum were proposed. Rigid protection of the treated area

from fire was prescribed.



Implementation of the prescriptions:

Salvaging operations:

Salvaging of dead and fallen trees has been carried out during 2001-02, 2002-03, 2006-07,

2007-08, 2008-09 and 2009-10 depending upon the availability of funds. The details of

blockwise quantity of dead and fallen timber removed are given below.

Table – 10: Details of blockwise quantity of dead and fallen timber removed

Year State Forest Coup No.

/Block

Area

included in

the working

circle in ha.

Quantity of

timber

extracted in

cum.

Revenue

realized (Rs.)

Area

Worked

(ha)

2001-02 Mavukal No. 1 507.50 809.052

9708624.00 507.50

2002-03 Mavukal No. 2 435.00 338.099 4395287.00 435.00

2003-04 Mavukal No. 3 400.36 Nil - Nil

2004-05 Devamachi No. 4 262.50 Nil - Nil


2006-07 Mavukal No. 6 487.50 417.825 6267375.00 487.50

2007-08 Devamachi No. 7 677.50 673.598 19788182.00 677.50

2008-09 Devamachi No. 8 605.00 410.708 11599406.00 605.00

2009-10 Devamachi No. 9 460.00 537.742 21944670.00 460.00


Improvement and regeneration operations: In the area salvaged during the year 2001-02

regeneration operations in the form of gap planting was carried out over 47.35 ha under DDF

scheme during 2005-06. The delay was due to unavailability of funds following the year of

salvaging.

As the forest is more degraded, the plan also prescribed raising of plantations with

suitable local miscellaneous species wherever required up to 100 ha per block. The yearwise

details of regeneration works taken up are given below.



Table 11: Regeneration/Improvement works carried out under the Improvement Working

Circle in Thithimathi Range.

Year Village/

Location

Compart

ment No.

Extent

(in ha)

Total Extent

(in ha) Scheme Species planted

2005-06

Singanur

(Bhadragola) 16 47.35

147.35

DDF Miscellaneous

Singanur

(Bhadragola) 16 100.00

KSFMBC

Model-1

Seed dibbling of mixed

species and SMC works

2006-07

Bhadragola

(Mathigodu,

Singanur)

16 20.00 20.00 KSFMBC Mixed

2007-08

Bhadragola,

Chennangi,

Maldare,

Chennanakote

16

18

19

18

50.00

75.00

75.00

50.00

250.00 KSFMBC Mixed

2008-09

Devamachi

Chennanakote

Bhadragola

Maldare

Chennangi

16

18

16

19

18

12.50

100.00

120.00

95.00

90.00

417.50

DDF

KSFMBC

--‗—

--―—

--―—

Mixed

2009-10 Devamachi 16 25.00 25.00 KSFMBC Mixed

2010-11 Akkimala

Devamachi

16

18

30.00

35.00 65.00

KFDF-03

KSFMBC Mixed

2011-12

Chennangi

Devamachi

Chennangi

Bhadragola

16 & 17

16

17 & 19

18

25.00

5.00

64.00

20.00

114.00

TFC

DDF

KFDF-03

KFDF

Mixed

2012-13 Chennangi 19 20.00 20.00 DDF Mixed

2013-14

Devamachi

Bhadragola

Chennangi

18

18

18

143.00

50.00

50.00

243.00

TFC

KFDF

Bamboo

mission

Mixed

Details of year wise plantations are given in Annexure – XIX(a).

7.2.4 - Teak Plantation Management Working Circle: This working circle consistsed of

the forest areas in the Devamachi & Mavukal SF which are under teak plantations. The total

area of this working circle was 2309.04 ha.



Method of treatment: As per the approved Working Plan, the thinning schedule of

plantations and the realizable yield/revenue are as under.

Table 12: Realisable yield and revenue from thinning of teak plantations in Virajpet

Division From 2001-02 To 2008-09.

Sl

no Year Ext (ha)

No. of

stems

as per

WP

(per

ha)

No. of

trees to

be

retained

(per ha)

As per WP

Yield Revenue

(Rs. in lakhs)

Poles

(nos)

Timber

(m)3 Poles Timber

1 2000-01 176.83 6151 5214 12640 766.39 6.51 15.33

2 2001-02 169.87 4743 3750 15682 930.60 7.91 18.61

3 2002-03 184.56 6432 5321 26863 805.95 6.85 161.19

4 2003-04 253.21 5699 4733 25996 1182.43 10.05 236.48

5 2004-05 157.50 5965 4928 22005 1563.20 13.28 312.64

6 2005-06 229.90 4752 3956 29902 1397.53 11.87 279.50

7 2006-07 117.77 2929 2415 13686 1439.82 12.24 287.96

8 2007-08 64.80 1770 1450 6780 368.75 3.13 73.75

9 2008-09 78.0 2380 2060 9034 371.00 3.15 74.20

10 2009-10 - - - - - - -

11 2010-11 - - - - - - -

Thinning/extractions: While thinning schedules have been prescribed by the plan, no

thinnings have been carried out in the division during the currency of the plan period so far.

The reasons attributed for not carrying out of thinnings include:

Late approval received for the working plan: The plan period was 2001-2002 with the

approval given on 16/10/2001. However, thinning schedule was given from 2000-01.

Suspension of the Working plan by the GOI during 2002-03: The working plans of

Karnataka were suspended by GOI on 11/10/2002 and revoked on 4th

March, 2003, vide

Letter No. F.No.9-16-20002(ROHQ)

Actual no. of trees in some of the plantations were less than the number of stems to be

retained after thinning.

Problem faced in identification of some of the individual plantations.

Consequently, only elephant damaged trees were removed. The details of the trees

removed is as under.



Table 13: Yield realization from removal of elephant damaged poles/trees from Teak

plantations, Virajpet division

Sl

no Year

Actual Removals (Elephant damaged stems)

Yield Revenue

(Rs.in lakhs) from

timber and poles Poles**

(nos)

Timber

(m)3

1 2000-01 --- --- ---

2 2001-02 --- --- ---

3 2002-03 6060 --- 12.73

4 2003-04 --- --- ---

5 2004-05 4056 36.686 16.54

6 2005-06 10009 127.131 53.90

7 2006-07 --- Nil ---

8 2007-08 --- Nil

-- 9 2008-09 12392 168.042 95.74

10 2009-10 10218 313.168 160.71

11 2010-011 2210 33.911 34.32

12 2011-12 - -

13 2012-13 - -

The removal of elephant damaged trees was done by going over the entire area of teak

plantations in each compartment. The figures have been aggregated for the entire

compartment as details of extractions from individual plantations being not maintained.

Consequently it is difficult to ascertain the actual removals from each plantation, to relate to

the existing plant population. Hence it is advisable to make enumeration lists of elephant

damaged trees individual plantation wise to enable recording of yield from each plantation.

The approved plan prescribed the thinning regime based on certain number of trees in

each plantation. However, the DCF pointed out that the number of stems in plantations were

less than the actual number mentioned in the Working Plan. Consequently the thinnings was

not done. This may not be true in all the plantations. The problem also has been compounded

due to heavy elephant damage in the forests of Devamachi and Mavukal. Consequently the



prescription for thinning has not been implemented leading to a set back to the objective of

improving the quality of remaining stand.

Tending operations: The plan prescribed tending of plantations at least once in ten years.

However, it was reported that tending operations were not carried out during the plan

period so far, and also at least 10 years preceding the sanction of the plan. While no

reasons were forthcoming for the non-implementation of the prescriptions, the local

officials were in agreement with the need for carrying out of the tending operations to

improve the quality of the remaining stands. It was suggested that a plan be prepared for

taking up the tending works over the plantation areas.

Identification of plantation area: The plan prescribed to affix plantations boards for

individual plantation to avoid confusion of area and its boundary. It was intimated that 50

% of the plantations had boards. The work of providing suitable boards/plates for

identification of remaining teak plantations, which is yet to be done, should be taken up.

Regeneration: The plan proposed to raise fresh teak plantations in the place of failed teak

plantations that are totally covered with weeds. However no such plantations were raised

in the fear that the plantation wouldn‘t come due to elephant movement.

7.2.5 - Bamboo Overlapping Working Circle: This over lapping working circle consisted

of forest areas of the Devamachi & Mavukal forests. The proportion of the big bamboo was

more than the small bamboo. The total area under this category in these forests is 4777.59 ha

Method of treatment prescribed: It was expected that bamboo would gregariously flower

during 2004-05 i.e., the plan period. Hence in view of the expected gregarious flowering of

bamboo in these forests in the coming years a shorter felling cycle of three years was

prescribed. This was done to facilitate in going over each of the area twice before the

occurrence of flowering so that about 2/3 of the material could be removed over this period in

a phased manner instead of doing the same at a time. The left over culms, required for

seeding purpose, were proposed to be removed without much difficulty after the shedding of

seeds. The entire area was divided into 9 felling series, with 3 coupes in each felling series, to

be worked on a felling cycle of 3 years.



In view of the expected gregarious flowering and the consequent profuse seeding, no artificial

regeneration was prescribed. On the same grounds, no separate cultural operations were

prescribed except for cultural operations for small bamboo on need basis.

Implementation of prescriptions: During the plan period so far, bamboo areas have not

been worked at all, except removals of bamboo for meeting the demand for retail supply to

medars, as ordered by the Conservator of Forests. The prescribed area and actual area worked

are given below:

Table – 14: Details of green bamboo extracted from different coups

Year

Area to be worked (in ha)

in Felling Series

Total (ha)

No. of

Green

bamboo

(Big)

extracted,

Revenue

(Rs.) Devamachi Mavukal

2000-01 Coup I --- 1565.12 - -

2001-02 --- Coup II 1565.12 320 16551.00

2002-03 Coup III --- 1565.12 860 18690.00

2003-04 --- Coup I 1565.12 980 47695.00

2004-05 Coup II --- 1565.12 1705 57787.00

2005-06 --- Coup III 1565.12 2207 53972.00

2006-07 Coup I --- 1565.12 3955 87779.00

2007-08 --- Coup II 1565.12 3985 64707.00

2008-09 Coup III --- 1565.12 3480 72537.00

2009-10 --- Coup I 1565.12 4606 -

2010-11 Coup II --- 1565.12 3321 -

Extraction of Green big bamboo has been done on a very small scale mainly from

coupe I, II and III of Thithimathi Felling Series (CPT 16, 17, 18 and 19) to meet the demands

of medars & locals, as sanctioned by the CF, Kodagu circle. The details of the extraction are

as under:

The non-working of the areas has been attributed to the following reasons:

The extraction scheduled for 2000-01 and 2001-02 could not be done due to non-

existence of approved working plan and late receipt of the approval of the working plan,

respectively. There was also demand from the local people to retain green bamboos for

elephant for mitigating human elephant conflict in the surrounding villages.



7.2.6 - Sandalwood overlapping working circle: This working circle consisted of the entire

geographical area of the division. The total area under this working circle is 1410.48 sq km.

Method of treatment prescribed: The WC covered both forest and non-forest areas with

each Range designated as a felling series, to be worked on a felling cycle of one year. Dead

trees, stumps and roots of illicitly felled trees and trees with spike disease (with permission of

CF) were permitted to be extracted. The plan also prescribed to raise 10 ha plantation in each

of four compartments (16, 17, 18 & 19) of Thithimathi Range starting from the year 2003-04.

The plan prescribed regeneration through dibbling in Improvement Working Circle areas.

Implementation of prescriptions:

Extraction: No specific extraction operations have been carried out in case of sandal wood.

However, extraction of illicitly cut roots and stumps etc along with Forest Offence cases has

been done. The quantity of sandalwood collected from such sources and was transported to

Sandal Kote, Mysore has been given below.

Table 15 : Quantity of sandalwood transported to the Sandal Kote, Mysore

Sl. No. Year Quantity in K.G

1 2001-02 22

2 2002-03 -

3 2003-04 110

4 2004-05 -

5 2005-06 7.30

6 2006-07 21.50

7 2007-08 -

8 2008-09 -

9 2009-10 19.50

10 2010-11 65

11 2011-12 132

The available materials were removed as and when were noticed on regular basis.



7.2.7 - Minor forest produce overlapping working circle: This working circle consistsed of

all the forests and non-forest government lands coming under territorial jurisdiction of

Virajpet forest division. The total area under this working circle is 80815.95 ha.

Method of treatment prescribed: The plan prescribed the continuation of the lease system

of sale to the LAMPS. It prescribed diversification of activities of LAMPS through value

addition activities. The Plan also prescribed a baseline survey for the assessment of various

NTFPs during the plan period, to assess the sustained yield.

Implementation of prescriptions: Earlier the division was disposing NTFPs through a lease

agreement with LAMPS on upset rate basis. In pursuance of the GO No. FEE 10 FDP 2001,

dated 20th

July, 2001, the rights for collection of the NTFP in the division have been given to

the LAMPS Thithimathi, on an annual lease rent of Rs.100. Consequently the LAMPS has

been collecting and disposing the MFPs. The details of the NTFPs collected by the society

and the revenue are as under:

Table – 16: Details of the NTFPs collected by LAMPS

Year Kind of NTFPs

Collected

Revenue to the

LAMPS (Rs)

Revenue to

the Govt.

(Rs.)

Regeneration

fund by

LAMPS (Rs.)

2001-02

Seegekayi,Honey,

Tree Moss,

Antuwala, Honey

Wax, Soap Nut,

Cashew, Booruga

Flower and

Alalekayi

4133042.00 100/- ---

2002-03 3878282.00 100/- ---

2003-04 2222400.00 100/- 26370.00

2004-05 2132724.00 100/- 2835.00

2005-06 1981241.00 100/- ---

2006-07 1305000.00 100/- ---

2007-08 845960.00 100/- ---

2008-09 1312650.00 100/- ---

2009-10 1183380.00 100/- ---

2010-11 659500.00 100/- ---

2011-12 132462.00 100/- ---

2012-13 1366041.00 100/- ---

2013-14 1255485.00 100/- ---



The GO also mandates that 25 % of the net profits realized by the LAMPS shall be

earmarked for regeneration/improvement of the NTFP. The regeneration works are to be

carried out by the LAMPS in consultation with the Forest Department. LAMPS has deposited

during 2003-04 and 04-05 a sum of Rs.29205/-.


7.2.8 - JFPM activities :

Under Forest Development Agency, 19 EDC‘s are formed in this Division. The details are

here under.

Table – 17: Details of VFCs / EDCs

Sl No Name of the Range Name of the EDCs

1 Virajpet (9) Kadanur

2 Palangala

3 Devanageri

4 Arapattu Podavada

5 Heggala

6 Betoli

7 Halugunda

8 Bilugunda

9 Mythadi

10 Ponnampet (8) Aruvathoklu

11 Halligattu

12 Mugutageri

13 Badagarakeri

14 Kuttandi

15 Rudraguppe-1

16 Kongageri

17 V. Badaga

18 Thithimathi (2) Hebbale Bhadragola

19 Chennayyanakote Chennangi

Details of Physical and Financial Achievements of EDC‘s in afforestation programme are

given below:

Table – 18: Details of physical and financial targets of afforestation programme

achieved

Sl No Name of the EDC Physical Financial

1 Betoli 10.68 ha 133206.00

2 Devanageri 10.00 125745.00

3 Arapattu 21.00 266519.00

4 Palangala 48.00 545986.00



5 Heggala 43.00 518247.00

6 Kadanuru 13.00 162142.00

7 Mythadi 10.00 126164.00

8 Halugunda 11.00 137197.00

9 Bilugunda 8.00 99778.00

10 Rudraguppe I 11.00 115891.00

11 Aravathoklu 13.00 201980.00

12 Halligattu 9.00 121417.00

13 Kuttandi 8.00 103286.00

14 V Badaga 50.00 558540.00

15 Konangeri 18.00 222735.00

16 Badagara Keri 12.00 166108.00

17 Mugutageri 28.00 338741.00

18 Chennayyanakote 49.00 421608.00

19 Hebbale Bhadragola 26.00 320456.00

Total 398.68 4685746.00

Along with the plantation works List of Entry Point Activities done and the details are given

in table below:

Table – 19: List of Entry Point Activities done

Sl

No Name of the EDC Kind of Entry Point Activities

1 Kadanur Pond de-silting

2 Palangala Open Well, Jarubandi, Arch gate, Gully checks

3 Devanageri Temple Gate

4 Arapattu Podavada Pond de-silting, Bhagavathi Temple Repair, Ganapathi

Temple Repair

5 Heggala Toilet, Water Pump and Syntax Tank, Check dam

6 Betoli Temple Open Well

7 Halugunda Stone bench, Play ground, Pond de-silting

8 Bilungunda Leveling of existing school play ground, Pond de-silting

9 Mythadi Pond de-silting, Tar Road

10 Aruvathoklu Pond de-silting, Temple Arch & Cement bench

11 Halligattu Pond de silting, Arch gate

12 Mugutageri Arch Gate, Open ring well, Electricity to temple

13 Badagarakeri Open community hall

14 Kuttandi Temple Arch & Gate

15 Rudraguppe – I Temple repair

16 Konangeri Pond de silting, temple construction, Temple arch

17 V. Badaga Pond de silting, Temple compound, Community hall,

Arch gate

18 Hebbale Bhadragola Arch gate, Pond de silting

19 Chennayyanakote

Chennangi Gully checks, Check dam & Solar lamps



A brief account of work done from 2011-12 to 2013-14 is given in table - 20 form

below. During this period no salvaging works were carried out. A separate working scheme

for the year 2012-13 prepared and submitted by the division was sanctioned by the Central

Government vide letter No: F(C.)A/11.6/18/WP/KAR dated: 01.04.2013. The details of

sanctioned schemes are given in Annexure IV.

Table – 20: Details of activities carried out during 2011-12 to 2013-14

Year

Elephant barrier Plantations

raised (in ha)

Seedlings distributed (in lakhs)

EPT (in Kms) Solar Fence (in Kms)

Excavation Maintenance New

installation Maintenance

2011-12 1.2 13.45 7.5 3.924 194 0.503

2012-13 1.5 22.76 - 34.24 263 1.989

2013-14 2.16 29 3.55 8 816 2.57



CHAPTER - VIII

8.1 - STATISTICS OF STOCKING, GROWTH AND VOLUME.

8.1.1 - The statistics of the resources to be managed is the fundamental information required

in assessing the potential of resources. The forest resource potential is a dynamic entity,

which depends on the climatic, edaphic, physiographic, biotic and management factors. The

forests found in the division vary from one place to other.

8.1.2 - INVENTORY RESULT OF NATURAL FOREST

To assess the growing stock and condition of forests, inventory with the sampling

intensity of 0.01 % and 0.1% was designed for natural forests grouped under protection

working circle and improvement working circle respectively. The number of sample plots

and their GPS locations are given in the Annexure XVI. During the inventory various details

were collected as per the Form Nos. 1 to 7. The distribution of important trees in various

diameter classes and corresponding figures of per ha. number of trees, basal area and volume

for different forests have been given in the AnnexuresVIII(a&b). The obverse J curve drawn

from this data does not show the normal distribution of trees in the various diameter classes.

Most of the trees found are in the lower diameter classes are of thorny jungle species The

forest-wise per hectare number of trees, basal area, volume and per cent occurrence of species

are given in the following table.

Inventory results in reserved forests :

Table 21: Per ha Basal area and volume of naturally grown trees in different Reserved

forests in Virajpet Division

Name of the Reserved

Forest

Extent in

ha.

CPT

no.

Basal

area in

sqm/ha.

Vol in

cum/ha.

% of occurrence of

species (>10 cm dia)

Mavukal and

Devamachi

3351.537

and

3740.068

16 17.07 86.78

Mathi (16.6), Teak (9.27),

Nandi (10.42), Dindal

(8.8), Beete (3.86)

17 13.21 51.07

Mathi (17.74), Teak

(8.56), Nandi (10.09),

Dindal (6.73), Beete

(4.28)

18 14.22 60.67

Mathi (10.59), Teak

(26.79), Beete (6.23)

19 18.79 101.27

Mathi (14.8), Nandi

(22.37), Dindal (5.59),

Beete (5.92)

Kerti 6480.102 29 21.56 110.25 Hasige (33.78),



Ramapathre (4.05), Karpa

(2.7), Billichoote (4.05)

30 23.98 124.47

Hasige (24.44), Karpa

(6.67), Karimara (2.2),

Teak (4.44)

31 25.82 109.21

Thadale (35.92), Neeli

(9.71), Nandi (1.94),

Nerale (9.71)

32 29.64 148.29

Hasige (22.29), Bellipaini

(12.57), Vellipai (9.14)

35 19.31 107.03

Hasige (13.73), Nerale

(13.73), Ramapathre(9.8),

Vellipai (5.88)

Padinalknad 16776.53 36 26.07 164.04

Karichoote (10.94),

Kalpaini (4.69), Bilichoo

(3.13)

38 17.02 73.54

Karichoote(19.35),

Kalpaini (9.68), Pali

(3.23)

39 45.21 269.88

Irupa (19.77), Kartha

Choote (12.79), Pali

(6.98)

40 20.16 85.48

Irapu (17.14), Karichoote

(8.57), Karimara (10.00),

Choote (10.00), Palli

(11.43), Rampat (2.86),

Jambe (4.29).

43 19.38 100.59

Kalpaini (19.05), Choote

(11.9), Paali (4.76)

44 11.44 39.94

Paali (10.00), Karpa

(17.5), Bellipaini (7.5),

Kumathi (12.5)

45 47.12 360.09

Vellipain (23.68),

Karimara (2.63),

Chorapaini (7.89)

47 46.96 204.08

Bellipaini (10.00), Karpa

(8.57), Choote (4.29)

50 25.51 134.02

Chorapaini (2.17), Karpa

(2.17), Others (93.48),

Palli (2.17)

55 15.01 71.82

Jambe (17.31), Karimara

(3.85), Poovam (19.23)

56 18.57 84.72

Karpa (5.94), Karimara

(2.97), Others (77.23)



The main reason for low basal area in all the forests is due to heavy biotic pressure in

these forests. However, in some forests viz, Maukal and Devamachi the basal area of tree

species is low due to presence of bamboo. While calculating the basal area bamboo has not

been taken into consideration. Invasion of weeds like Lantana and Eupatorium are also

causing hindrance in the growth and natural regeneration of valuable species in these areas.

The present regeneration status of the forest that is given in Annexure VIII (d).

clearly shows that the regeneration in most of the areas for important species is inadequate.

This shows that there is an immediate need to take up necessary improvement measures to

bring back the regeneration status to normalcy.

Density-wise assessment of forest cover was also made. The density classes were 0.4

to 0.6 and 0.60 to 0.8 in Maukal RF and Devamachi RF and 0.8 to 1.0 in Kerti RF and

Padinalkadnadu RF As regards forest types, Maukal RF and Devamachi RF have primarily

natural forests in the moist deciduous category with small percentage of area of these forests

is under Teak plantations. The vegetation cover in Kerti RF and Padinalkunad RF is mainly

evergreen. The fuel wood plantations is almost absent or merged with natural forests. The

availability of dead and fallen material in the division is though limited but found in the

forests. As per inventory, the approximate quantity of timber available per hectare in different

forests including Devarakadus has been shown in AnnexureVIII (b).

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

16 17 18 17 18 19 29 30 31 32 35 36 37 39 40 43 44 45 47 50 55 56

Bas

al a

rea

CPT Numbers

Basal area in sqm/ha.



Inventory results in Devarakadus (Protected Forests) :

Growing stock inventory was also done in Devarakadus situated in 42 villages in 50

locations with total extent of 575.54 ha (37% area) covering Virajpet, Ponnampet and

Thithimathi ranges.The distribution of important trees in various diameter classes and

corresponding figures of per ha. number of trees, basal area and volume for different forests

have been given in the AnnexuresVIII (b). Density varies from 0.26-0.40 to 0.6-0.8. Natural

regeneration is inadequate.

1. Bhagavathi

Devarakadu

2. Badarkali

Devarakadu

3. Bhagavathi

Devarakadu

4. Kekolu Ayyapa

Devarakadu

5. Ayyapa

Devarakadu

6. Kegote Ayyapa

Devarakadu

7. Ayyapa

Devarakadu

8. Thomadu

Devarakadu

9. Ayyapa

Devarakadu

10. Ayyapa

Devarakadu

11. Pandaithu

Devarakadu

12. Booduayyappa

Devarakadu

13. Ayyapa

Devarakadu

14. Mahalaxmi

Devarakadu

15. Ayyapa

Devarakadu

16. Ayyapa

Devarakadu

17. Thamara

Devarakadu

18. Bettadappa

Devarakadu

19. Kimani Ayyappa

Devarakadu

20. Badarkali

Devarakadu

21. Bhagavathi

Devarakadu

22. Pettotu

Devarakadu

23. Devastana

BhagavathiD.Kadu

24. Balamuri Ayyappa

Devarakadu

25. Kelkula

Devarakadu

26. Ayyappa

Devarakadu

27. Punya Bhagavathi

D.Kadu

28. Ayyappa

Devarakadu

29. Bhagavathi

Devarakadu

30. Bhagavathi

Devarakadu

31. Bodanja

Devarakadu

32. Muthappa

Devarakadu

33. Ayyappa

Devarakadu

34. Badrakali

Devarakadu

35. Subraya

Devarakadu

36. Devarakadu

37. Ayyappa

Devarakadu

38. Ayyappa

Devarakadu

39. Ayyapa

Devarakadu

40. Gundayat Ayyappa

Devarakadu.

41. Ayyappa

Devarakadu

42. Vanabadrakali

Ayyappa D.Kadu

43. Kodla Ayyappa

D.Kadu

44. Thonageri

Bhagavathi

Ayyappa D.Kadu

45. Ayyappa

Devarakadu

46. Manila Ayyappa

Devarakadu

47. Kamate Maha

D.Kadu

48. Badarkali &

Betekurubara

Devarakadu.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47

Bas

al a

rea

Devarakadus



8.1.3 - Inventory results of bamboo:-

During the inventory assessment was also made about the availability of Bamboo in

the division. Most of the bamboos found in the division are in Maukal RF and in Devamachi

RF. The dominant species is Bambusa bamboos. Availability of small bamboo in the division

is limited. Assessment of bamboo was done in respect of various categories like green, green

damaged, dry and dry damaged bamboos. The statement on growing stock of bamboo in

different forests based on the assessment of inventory data is given in AnnexureVIII (e). The

quantity of big bamboo equivalent to green sound bamboo per hectare available in Maukal

RF was approximately 2565.00 tonnes. In case of DevamachiRF, the approximate quantities

of big bamboo equivalent to green sound bamboo in tonnes were found to be about 9550.00

tonnes. Due to recent gregarious flowering in all the bamboo areas, the availability of green

bamboo is rare. While arriving at the total yield figures, yield restriction of 50% has been

imposed.

8.1.4 - Inventory results of teak plantations

In case of Teak, inventory was done and parameters like basal area, mean height,

volume/ha, number of trees/ha and mean annual increment in volume were assessed. The

inventory results for the teak plantations are given in Annexure XVII. In case of Teak

plantation, it is found that the growth of plantation was not as per the expectation after the

end of the rotation period. The number of trees/ha shows that the thinning have not been

carried out regularly as per the prescriptions.

8.1.5 – Overall summary of inventory results

1. In the Compartments 16,17,18 and 19 of Thithimathi range and Compartments

29,30,31,32,35,36,38,39,40,43,44,45,47,50,50,55 and 56 of Makuta and Mundrote

ranges basal area and growing stock were calculated vide AnnexuresVIII

(a).Obverse ‗J‘ curves were also drawn for the growing stock of these

compartments vide Annexure VIII (c). The data indicate that the forests in these

compartments are under stocked, as the basal area is less than the critical limit.

Further distribution of number of stems in the various diameter classes is not

normal. Proportion of number of stems in the lower diameter classes is far less.

The number of higher diameter trees also falls rapidly as diameter increases. The

trees in the middle diameter classes are more in number because of the presence of

plantations and pole crop. All these shows that forests in the said compartments

are degraded.



2. On the basis of the inventory data regeneration status, density and forest type of

the compartments 16,17,18,19,29,30,31,32,35,36,38,39,40,43,44,45,47,50,50,55

and 56 was assessed. The regeneration status in the compartments 16,17,18,19 is

mostly inadequate. Similarly in other compartments also except compartment 45,

the natural regeneration is unsatisfactory varying scanty to nil. The compartment

45, which is under evergreen type of vegetation, has better regeneration. In case of

compartment 16,17,18 and 19 the canopy lies mostly between 0.26 to 0.8and the

forest type is mostly moist deciduous. in case compartments 29,30,31,32,35, 36,

38, 39,40,43,44,45,47,50,50,55 and 56, canopy density varies from 0.80 to 1.0 and

forest type is mostly evergreen and semi evergreen. In case of Devarakadus,

natural regeneration is slightly better and canopy density lies between 0.26 to 0.8.

The forest type is evergreen and moist deciduous. The results of the inventory are

appended in the Annexures VIII (d).

3. The determination of quantity of dead and fallen material was made for

compartments 16,17,18 and 19 where salvage logging is proposed. The dead and

fallen material mostly comprised of Honne, Nandi, Dindal and Mathi. The

contribution of rest of the species is assessed under the category of others. The

inventory results are given in Annexures XXI.

4. Assessment was made for the availability of various minor forest produce yielding

trees and their distribution in various diameter classes. Some of the MFP yielding

species found in the moist deciduous / dry deciduous areas were Nelli, Thare,

Muthuga, Buruga etc. It is seen that most of these trees were in the lower diameter

classes.

5. From the results of the bamboo inventory it is evident that clumps found in the

area have large proportion of green damaged, dry and dry damaged culms. This

shows lack of proper management in the bamboo areas. Assessment of green

bamboo culms on the basis of annual recruitment was also made. Most of the

bamboos found in the division are big bamboo. The yield due to dry and green

bamboo was calculated and its results are given in the Annexures VIII (e).

6. All the teak plantations in the division were inventoried and their condition was

assessed on the basis of parameters like number of stems per ha, basal area,



volume per ha, mean annual increment etc. From the number of stems per ha, it is

clear that plantations have not been thinned regularly in the past. Mean annual

increment generally comes down as the age of the plantation increases. Site

quality is found to be mostly III and IV.

8.1.6 - To study the composition and growth parameters of tropical rain forest several long-

term research stations are laid in different parts of the Western Ghats in the State. Out of

these, two linear tree increment (LTI) plots are in Virajpet division. Details of their location,

description and results of various studies carried out in these plots are given in books titled

―Long Term Research Sites in Tropical Forests‖ and ―Productivity of Tropical Rain Forests

of Karnataka‖ written by Dr. S.N.Rai. The description and other details of linear tree

increment plots as referred to in these books are given here below:

1. ―Chippinahole Linear Tree Increment Plot: This linear tree increment plot was

laid in block number 19 of Kerti State forest of Makut range of Coorg Forest

division in the year 1937. The plot is located at 12o5‘ N Latitude and 75

o42‘ E

Longitude at an elevation of 200 m above mean sea level. The average annual

rainfall is 5300 mm. The months November to April are practically dry. These

forests can be called Dipterocarpus–Vateria type. The top canopy has

Dipterocarpus indicus, Callophylum elatum, Vateria indica, Palaquium

ellipticum, etc. and the understorey has Drypetes alata, Lansium anamalauyanum,

Diospyros species, Garcinia indica and other species. The soil is sandy loam. The

first working plan for the area, prepared in 1920, prescribed mainly selection

system of felling and improvement felling. Diospyros ebenum (Ebony) was

mainly removed under selection system. The second working plan came into

being from 1938. The working plan prescribed mainly irregular shelter wood

system and selection system. Tapping of Hardwickia pinnata trees for resin was

introduced during 1946 and stopped in the year 1948. However illegal wood oil

tapping from trees of Hardwickia pinnata and Dipterocarpus indicus still goes on.

A rubber estate touches one end of the plot. The thickness of humus layer is less

compared to Bannadapare plot. The natural regeneration of evergreen species is

sparse. Cultural operations such as climber cutting have been carried out in this

block. The present basal area of the plot is 37.96 sq. mts/ha. The plot is in good

shape.‖



2. ―Bannadapare Linear Tree Increment Plot: This plot was laid in Kerti reserved

forest near Arabithittu in Makut range of Coorg forest division in the year 1937.

The general description of the plot is similar to the Chippenahole plot. The

working plan prescriptions and working of the forest have been similar to that of

Chippenahole plot except for the fact that this block was under, ―Evergreen

Tending Working Circle‖ during the period 1948 to 1957. Felling was heavier

than what they should have been in this working circle. Wood oil tapping from

Hardwickia pinnata trees and extraction of Reeds have also been done. Regular

felling was carried out from the years 1934 onwards in the block. Callopyllum

tomentosum was cut heavily during the two world wars. Removal of NTFP‘s has

continued. The natural regeneration of Dipterocarpus indicus and Canarium

strictum is adequate. The present basal area of the plot is 41.70 sq.mts/ha. The plot

is in reasonably good shape.‖

The details of the species occurring in this plot in the various stories are given in the

Annexure XVIII (a).

The rate of annual diameter increment for various species in the tropical forests was

also assessed in the book referred above. Among the species that were considered for study,

the least annual diameter increment was for Myristica dactyloides (0.12 cm) and maximum

was for Spondias acuminata (0.54 cm). For most of the other species it was around (0.30 cm).

The results of the study are enclosed in the Annexure XVIII (b).



PART II.

FUTURE MANAGEMENT DISCUSSED AND PRESCRIBED.

CHAPTER I.

1.1 - BASIS OF PROPOSALS.

1.2 - Objects of Management.

Forests of the division were managed in the past primarily for extraction of timber and

firewood. However, after the enactment of the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, promulgation

of the National Forest Policy, 1988 and Hon‘ble Supreme Court order in Writ Petition

202/96, the Forest department has re-oriented its strategy of forest management from revenue

oriented to conservation oriented. The forests are managed under the principles of

conservation and protection with emphasis on meeting the local needs. People‘s involvement

in forest management has been given more attention through Joint Forest Planning &

Management (JFPM).

The main objectives of forest management in the Plan are:

1. To maintain environmental stability and ecological balance and to enhance ecosystem

services by protecting, preserving and enriching the existing natural forests;

2. To ensure maximum protection of soil and moisture to maintain the forest cover in

good condition;

3. To maintain and improve the plantations to ensure long term sustainability of forest

production;

4. To rehabilitate and increase the economic value and utility of the degraded forests;


needs of the people, especially the rural and tribal people, living in the vicinity of

forests;

6. To ensure people‘s participation and involvement in all round protection and

development of forests;

7. To manage the forest land through watershed approach for enhancing ground water

recharge and for improvement and regulation of hydrological regime;

8. To improve wildlife habitat and to reduce man-animal conflict and

9. To increase green cover in the division so as to mitigate the problems of global

warming and climate change by progressively increasing the growing stock and

carbon sequestration potential.



1.3 -Method of treatment to be adopted.

For attaining the above objects, the following methods of treatment are prescribed:

1. Providing protection to the forest from fire, grazing and other biotic interferences;

2. Ensuring effective soil and moisture conservation in the forest areas;

3. Removal of available dead and fallen material from deciduous forests;

4. Supplementing the regeneration, where necessary, and closure of such areas from

grazing;

5. Managing the plantations and bamboo forests on the principles of silviculture;

6. Improving the availability and productivity of Sandalwood trees;

7. Managing the sustainable harvest of Non Timber Forest Produce (NTFP);

8. Ensuring people‘s participation in development, protection and management of forests

and

9. By increasing the vegetation cover in the catchment areas of rivers and streams

through plantation, soil conservation works and by strict protection.

1.4 - Constitution of Working Circles.

In order to prescribe appropriate treatment to different forest areas of the division in

conformity with silvicultural principles and the management objectives, six working circles

are formed:

1 Protection working circle

2 Improvement working circle,

3 Teak plantations management working circle,

4 Bamboo overlapping working circle,

5 Wildlife Management overlapping working circle,

6 Non Timber Forest Produce (NTFP) working circle and

7 Miscellaneous regulations: i) Consolidation of forest lands,

ii) Joint Forest Planning Management,

iii) Sandalwood Management,

iv) Farm Forestry etc.,



1.5 - ALLOTMENT OF AREAS TO WORKING CIRCLES.

1. Protection working circle: This working circle consists of evergreen and semi

evergreen areas falling in the Makut and Mundrote ranges. Besides the reserved

forests areas it also includes the paisari lands transferred to forest department and

which have the similar vegetation. It covers the Canes and Reeds areas.The total

area under this working circle is 26291.342 ha.

2. Improvement working circle: This working circle consists of moist and dry

deciduous forests of Thithimathi range, which are not under the teak plantations. It

also includes small portion of paisari lands, which are adjoining to these forests

and have similar vegetation. The total area under this working circle is 4864.792

ha.

3. Teak plantation management working circle: This working circle consists of

older teak plantations area in the Devamachi and Mavukal reserved forests. Total

extent of this working circle is 2309.04 ha.

4. Bamboo overlapping working circle: This working circle consists of moist and

dry deciduous areas of Thithimathi range. It also includes a small portion of

Paisari lands that are surrounding to these forests and have similar vegetation.

The total area of this working circle is 4864.792 ha.

5. Wildlife Management : This working circle consists of all the reserved forests

and surrounding Paisari lands transferred to forest department. Total extent under

this working circle is 33465.184 ha.

6. Non-timber forest produce overlapping working circle: This working circle

consists of reserved forests and surrounding paisary land of Thithimathi Range,

Devarakadus of Virajpet division. The total area under this working circle

6466.429 ha.

7. Miscellaneous regulations:

i) Consolidation of forest lands :

ii) Joint forest planning and management: This consists of 1830 ha

plantation areas raised in forest areas coming under VFCs, 491.889 ha

section-4 notified area and 1601.63 ha protected forests like Devarakadu,

Ambala and Mandu. The total area under this working circle is 3923.52 ha.

iii) Sandal wood Management: This working circle consists of all the forest

and non-forest government lands.



iv) Farm Forestry etc.,

The tabular statement showing the distribution of areas under various working circles

is given in the following table:

Table-22: Statement showing allotment of area under different working circles.

(Area in hectares)

Sl

No.

Name of the working

circle

Extent of

reserved

forest

Paisari

lands

(transfer

ed to

forest

dept.)

Area

notified

under

Section-

4

Protected

forest

like

Devara

kadu,

Ambala

and

Mandu

etc.

Total in ha.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1 Protection working

circle

23256.632 3034.71 --- 26291.342

2 Improvement working

circle

4782.562 82.23 --- 4864.792

3 Teak working

circle

2309.04 --- --- 2309.04

4 Bamboo overlapping

working circle

4782.562 82.23 --- 4864.792

5 Wildlife Management

overlapping working

circle

30348.24 3116.94 - --- 33465.184

6 Non timber forest

produce overlapping

working circle

4782.562 82.23 - 1601.637 6466.429

7 Joint forest planning

and management

working circle

(Miscellaneous

regulations)

--- 1830 491.889 1601.637 3923.52

Total 30348.234 3116.94 491.889 1601.637 35558.700

1.6 - Period of the Plan

The validity of the plan will be for a period of ten years from 2014-15 to 2023-24.



CHAPTER II.

PROTECTION WORKING CIRCLE.

GENERAL CONSTITUTION OF THE WORKING CIRCLE.

2.1 - Rationale for the Working Circle

This working circle comprises of the forest areas of Makut and Mundrote ranges. The

type of vegetation in these ranges is predominantly tropical wet evergreen interspersed with

semi-evergreen patches. At a few places, retrogression has set in resulting change of

vegetation towards moist deciduous species and big bamboo, canes and reeds are also found

in valleys and depression.

The total area under this working circle is 26291.342 ha. They are found in all 27

compartments of Makut and Mundrote ranges. In this area five main species of canes are

found and they are Calamus laxmanae (Halubetta), Calamus thwaitesii or Calamus

canavanus (Handi betta), Calamus pseudotenuis (Kir betta), Calamus travancoricus

(Ontibetta) and Calamus flagellum (Nagarabetta) Calamus karnatakanses (Sukku betha)

Calamus lassiferous (Meese betha).

Reeds are commonly found in the evergreen/semi evergreen areas along the river and

stream banks depending upon the moisture availability. There are 2 types of reeds. The

smaller size, which is usually of finger thickness, is called Ochlandra reedii (Neeru wate).

The other species, which is slightly bigger in size and looks almost like small bamboo, is

Ochlandra travancorica (Thumpu wate). In addition to these commonly found reeds (Wate)

one more variety called Kalluwate is occasionally found in Shola forest.

Two Linear Tree Increment Plots (LTI) have been laid out in Kerti Reserved Forest of

Makut Range in the year 1937 for the purpose of studying growth parameters of tropical rain

forest. Presently these plots are being maintained and monitored by the Conservator of

Forests, Research, Madikeri.

2.1.1 - As per the present government policy, evergreen and semi-evergreen forests should be

afforded full protection and even the extraction and removal of dead and fallen trees is not

recommended from such areas. Moreover, the forests of Makut and Mundrote ranges that

receive high to very high rainfall constitute the main watersheds of a number of important

rivers flowing across the area. Considering their ecological sensitiveness, it is proposed to



provide complete protection to these forests. The under planting/ gap planting areas in the

evergreen and semi evergreen zone are to be managed under this working circle as they have

become a part of the natural forest itself. The details of the plantations of miscellaneous

species are given range wise in the Annexure - XIX (a). The list of compensatory plantations

is given Annexure - XIX (b).

2.2 Specific Objects of Management

The main objects of management are: -

1. To protect these forests to maintain the environmental stability and restore the ecological

balance wherever it has been disturbed;

2. To conserve the biological diversity;

3. To check soil erosion and denudation in the catchment areas of rivers flowing across

these areas;

4. To improve the natural structure and growth to ensure long term sustainability of forest

production and

5. To rehabilitate the degraded forests by providing effective protection from fire, illicit

cutting etc.

2.3 Allotment of areas to the working circle

Areas coming under the Protection working circle are indicated in the following table:

Table – 23: Area allotted under protection working circle

Name of the forest Extent

1. Padinalknad reserved forest (Compartments 36 -

52,55, 56 and 62) and Kerti reserved forest

(Copartments 29 to 35)

2. Surrounding Paisari lands transferred to forest

department (in evergreen and semi evergreen zone)

23256.632 ha*

3034.71 ha.

Total : 26291.342ha.

* (The total extent of Padinalknad and Kerti reserved forests coming under the jurisdiction of

Virajpet division is 23256.632 ha. This includes an extent of 8.24 ha of Teak plantations,

which have failed and are now covered with natural growth.)



2.4 Proposed Treatment

1. No logging including removal of dead and fallen trees will be carried out in the forest

areas under protection working circle.

2. No new plantations activities including soil moisture conservation will be taken up.

However, plantations raised so far will be only maintained.

3. No tending, climber-cutting operations will be carried out.

4. Proper fire prevention measures will be taken so as to avoid burning of forests specially

grassy blanks.

5. Other protection measures like anti-smuggling camp/ anti-poaching camps, wireless

network etc. in the area is to be strengthened to ensure effective control over

smuggling/poaching activities. It is prescribed to maintain seven anti-poaching/ anti-

smuggling camps in Makut and Mundrote Ranges. The details of their locations are given

in Annexure XXIX (c).

6. The growth parameters of two Linear Tree Increment Plots (LTI) should be procured

from the research wing and records should be updated during the plan period.

7. The old concrete pillars / cairns will be maintained and new ones will be fixed along the

RF boundaries of private land and along the Kerala state boundary. The details are given

in Annexure XXXV (a).

8. No collection of NTFP will be allowed with the exception of cases as per provision under

Forest Right Act.

2.5 Statistics of Growth

In case of Makut and Mundrote ranges where the forests are mostly evergreen or semi

evergreen, condition of forests is relatively better. The growth parameter of basal area

(m2/ha) and volume (m

3/ha) were also determined. The results in Compartments 29,30,31,

32,35, 36, 38, 39,40,43,44,45,47,50,50,55 and 56 of Kerti and Padinalknad reserved forests

are given in the Annexures VIII.



CHAPTER III.

IMPROVEMENT WORKING CIRCLE.

GENERAL CONSTITUTION OF THE WORKING CIRCLE.

3.1 Rationale for the Working Circle

This working circle comprises of the Devamachi and Mavukal reserved forests of

Thithimathi range excluding the teak plantations raised therein. The forests are of moist

deciduous and dry deciduous types. Analysis of the inventory data pertaining to these forests

has indicated poor growing stock, lower basal area and unsatisfactory regeneration status.

Hence it is proposed not to take up felling of green trees. The under planting/gap planting

areas in these deciduous forests are to be managed under this working circle as they have

become the part of natural forest itself. The details of the plantations of the miscellaneous

species are given in Annexure- XIX (a). Removal of dead and fallen trees followed by

regeneration has been prescribed in the Improvement working circle.

3.2 Specific Objects of Management

The main objects of management are: --

1. To maintain environmental stability through preservation and restoration of ecological

balance;

2. To conserve natural flora and fauna;

3. To check soil erosion and denudation in the catchment areas of rivers flowing across

these forests;

4. To maintain or improve natural forest structure and growth in non-degraded areas to

ensure long term sustainability of forest production;

5. To increase the productivity of natural forests and to make degraded forest areas

productive and


needs of the people.



3.3 Allotment of area to the working circle

Areas under the Improvement working circle are indicated in the following table:

Table – 24: Area allotted under improvement working circle


1. Devamachi and Mavukal reserved forests

(Compartments – 16,17,18 & 19)

4782.562 ha*

2. Surrounding Paisari lands transferred to forest department

(in the moist and dry deciduous zone)

82.23 ha.

Total : 4864.792 ha.

* (The total extent of Devamachi and Mavukal reserved forests is 7091.605 ha. Out of this,

an extent of 2309.04 ha of area having Teak plantations has been included in the Teak

plantation working circle.)

3.4 Cycle of Salvage logging and Division of area:

For the purpose of salvage logging, Devamachi and Mavukal reserved forests of

Thithimathi range (excluding Teak plantation areas) have been included in the proposed

Thithimathi improvement series. This improvement series is divided into ten blocks as

marked in the 1: 50,000 topo sheet map. Each of these blocks is taken as annual coupe. The

word annual coupe as referred here is only annual improvement area which is the part of the

beat. Rotation cycle in the felling series is ten years. As the extent of paisari land is very

small, it is included in the adjoining blocks for the purpose of annual coupe and no separate

improvement series is proposed for it.

3.5 Rules for marking and extraction:

1. At the start of the operations the coupe boundary should be demarcated and fire traced.

Trees standing on the coupe boundary should be clearly demarcated and listed.

2. Only dead and fallen trees should be marked. The Deputy Conservator of Forests should

inspect the area and he should check marking.

3. Marking should be done well in advance and extraction should be completed before

March of the financial year.

4. Salvage logging will be done in 10 year cycle.



5. No new roads should be formed and the existing old extraction paths should be used for

carting the material.

3.6 Improvement Operations

As already indicated, the felling cycle is 10 years. The total extent of Teak plantations

in Thithimathi range is about 2309.04 Ha. The block area (excluding Teak plantation), that is

taken as a coupe, after the removal of dead and fallen material, will be taken up for

improvement operations. The annual coupes (improvement blocks) coming under this felling

series have been marked on 1:50000 topo sheet and a tabular statement showing the area of

each block is given in Table-below.

Table – 25(a): Division of improvement series into blocks for Salvage logging

Sl.

No.

Name of the

range

Name of the

improvement

series

Annual working for Salvaging

COUP

No.

Year CPT No. Extent in

ha.

1 Thithimathi Mavukal and

Devamachi

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

2014-15

2015-16

2016-17

2017-18

2018-19

2019-20

2020-21

2021-22

2022-23

2023-24

16

17/1

17/2

17/3

18/1

18/2

19/1

19/2

19/3

19/4

675.65

402.00

402.27

402.00

500.00

578.065

455.00

455.00

455.00

457.58

Total 4782.565

Table – 25(b): Division of improvement series into blocks for improvement operations

Sl.

No.

Name of the

range

Name of the

improvement

series

Annual working for improvement operations

COUP

No.

Year CPT No. Extent in

ha.

1 Thithimathi Mavukal and

Devamachi

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

2015-16

2016-17

2017-18

2018-19

2019-20

2020-21

2021-22

2022-23

2023-24

2024-25

16

17/1

17/2

17/3

18/1

18/2

19/1

19/2

19/3

19/4

675.65

402.00

402.27

402.00

500.00

578.065

455.00

455.00

455.00

457.58

Total 4782.565



As the forest is more degraded, the improvement operations will also include raising

of plantations wherever required. On an average 100 ha gap planting under Supplemental

planting model will be done every year in the improvement block. About ten SMC trenches

of size 5m x 1m x 1m should be dug. Under this model, gap planting upto 400 plants/ha

including about 50 plants with local suitable species on mounds of SMC trenches will be

planted.

For this purpose, areas requiring any treatment in the block should be identified and

marked on the block or coupe map. For carrying out the improvement operation, area should

be effectively fenced by using either brushwood or barbed wire fencing in such a way that

fencing may be extended if required in the subsequent years when improvement operations

progress in the various blocks in the beat. Grazing will not be permitted in such areas for a

minimum period of 10 years. All the advance work should be completed before the onset of

monsoon by aligning the area at the suitable espacement depending upon the gaps but in any

case plant to plant distance should not be less than 5 meters. In case the patches are covered

with weeds, the same may be cleared and burnt or where the gaps are bigger alignment at the

regular espacement of 5m x 5m may be done. Selection of species should be done to suit the

local requirement. For example in case of hadlus (swampy land) species, which can tolerate

water logging like bamboo, holematti, mango, neralu etc. should be chosen. Similarly in other

cases suitable local miscellaneous species like sandal, rosewood, mathi, kindal, honne, tare,

nelli, ippe, shivane, nandi, nerale etc. may be chosen. More emphasis also should be given for

planting rare, endangered and threatened species (RET species) depending upon the locality.

One to two years old tall and healthy seedlings of miscellaneous species raised in 8‖X12‖

poly bags should be used for planting. Unless the gaps are of clear patches of more than 10 ha

in extent, fast growing species should not be attempted. Bamboo found within the treatment

area may be managed as per the prescriptions given in the Bamboo overlapping working

circle. All planting works should be completed by the end of June. Protection measures need

to be strengthened effectively, as damages due to the wild animals are quite common in the

area. If necessary, thorn fencing for individual plants may be done. After 10 years condition

of the forest need to be reassessed and further operations/treatment as required may be

planned accordingly. Rigid protection of the treatment area from fire is a must. For this fire

lines around the area and even criss-cross fire lines within the area may be maintained. All

the re-clearing and fire tracing work should be completed by the end of December.



3.7 - Watershed Management & Soil and Moisture Conservation Out of total annual precipitation, only a portion of it percolates and reaches the

groundwater aquifers, while the major portion drains out as run-off and goes unused. Even-

though, forests have little effect on regional or global precipitation, but they strongly influence

the fate of precipitation on a watershed. Most forests soils are extremely pervious which

readily absorb rainfall and reduce surface run-off. Instead, water infiltrates stability to the

watershed, holding stream banks and soils in place yielding lower and is either stored or moves

through subsurface pathways in its journey to stream channels or groundwater. During

extended wet periods, significant groundwater recharge can occur from forest soils. Even

though, forests can not prevent major floods but they can mitigate flooding from moderate

rainfall in watershed. Thus forests provides greater hydrological stream flow per unit of rainfall

than other vegetative cover types. Forest also reduces the sedimentation in reservoir. The

healthy forests in watershed can provide clean and safe water. Forests watersheds generally

offer higher quality water than watersheds under alternative land uses.

To improve the rainwater infiltration capacity forests catchment area has to be treated

properly providing with different inputs including suitable soil and moisture conservation

measures. The Range Forest Officer and Assistant Conservator of Forests, will prepare the site

specific plan (SSP) with treatment map with other necessary details which will be carefully

scrutinized by the Deputy Conservator of Forests. If required the Deputy Conservator of

Forests will make field visit and will submit the SSP to Conservator of Forests for approval. A

guess estimate of hydrological contribution of forests in Virajpet division is given in

Annexure-XX.

3.8 – Calculation of Yield From the inventory results the availability of dead and fallen material was assessed in

the Compartments 16,17,18 and 19. In the Annexure XXI the information given about the

dead and fallen trees pertains to the trees actually found in the forests in the inventory area

and it is in no way an indication of prescribed girth for salvaging of these species. The dead

and fallen material will be identified only on the basis of its actual availability and it will be

classified as timber or firewood as per the existing norms and it will be salvaged strictly as

per the rules for marking and salvaging given in this circle. Though the assessment of

damaged and abnormal trees was also made but as their numbers are not much and the

removal of these green trees may lead to creation of big gaps, they were not recommended

for removal. The yield has not been fixed as such but only will be incidental to the

improvement operations as given above.



CHAPTER IV.

TEAK PLANTATION WORKING CIRCLE.

4.1 - GENERAL CONSTITUTION OF THE WORKING CIRCLE.

This working circle consists of mainly the teak plantation areas in compartments

16,17,18 and 19 of Mavukal and Devamachi reserved forests of Thithimathi range. Total area

under this working circle is 2309.04 ha. The oldest teak plantation existing in the division is

of 1909. As per the Champion and Seth classification of the forest type, these forests fall

under the category of teak forests (C1B) and site quality is mostly III and IV.

4.2 - SPECIFIC OBJECTS OF MANAGEMENT.

Main objects of the working circle are:

Intensive management of existing teak plantations.

Improving the quality of stand.

4.3 - EXPLOITABLE GIRTH AND ROTATION.

Before the reorganization of the States in 1956, the Mavukal and Devamachi reserved

forests of Thithimathi range were part of old Coorg province. Prior to Alva‘s plan (1978-79

to 2002-03) of old Hunsur division, these areas were being managed under Somaiah‘s

working plan (1957-72) where the rotation of 100 years as prescribed in the earlier plans was

continued. Somaiah also concluded by the data collected during the preparation of his plan

and during the earlier plan of Brand that, while the exploitable girth of 6 feet can be attained

between 100 to 105 years in case of plantations, to attain this girth in natural forests 130 years

are required. Krishanaswamy who wrote the working plan of the adjoining forests of old

Mysore State had fixed the rotation of 104 years and exploitable girth of 4 ½ feet, based on

the statistics collected by him. But Alva, on the basis of the data collected by him, prescribed

the exploitable girth at 1.65 m and rotation age of 80 years as he found that the girth

increment is appreciable upto this age and it stagnates thereafter. It is however to be noted

that though the girth increment stagnates after 80 years yet the tree continues to grow with the

same increment till mean annual increment culminates. In order to fix the exploitable girth

limit for other species M.R.S Pearson‘s record for Kalinadhi high forests has been taken as

the guide. In general it is observed that the growth rate reduces with the age of the crop.

Further it is also evident from the Pearson‘s table that after attaining the age of 120 years,

there is a reduction of annual increment in all species except rosewood which continues to



put on an appreciable growth up to the age of 120 years the fall in the annual growth is to

tune of 44% and this is the age at which the rotation is to be fixed and harvested for

maximum revenue. Besides this in view of increased biotic interference and general

degradation of the forest areas it is considered appropriate to fix a longer rotation period.

During the inventory work the growth pattern of older plantations was assessed. From the

statistics of age versus diameter and age versus height, it is found that the growth of Teak

trees was less than what was expected by Alva in his plan.

If we take into account the concept of silvicultural rotation for the scientific

management of forests, the rotation of 120 years appears to be correct. This rotation is also

nearer to the silvicultural rotation of teak in natural forests. Hence it is proposed to fix the

rotation of Teak at 120 years.

4.4 - THINNING.

In the past, thinnings were prescribed in the teak plantations by taking into account

the average site quality class of the area. In Somaiah‘s plan six thinnings were prescribed at

the age of 6th

, 12th

, 20th

, 28th

, 38th

and 50th

year. All the thinnings were selective in nature and

by the end of final thinnings at the age of 50th

year total number of stems to be retained were

between 175 to 190 per ha. But in Alva‘s plan (1978-79 to 2002-03) only five thinnings were

prescribed. The first two thinnings were mechanical cum silvicultural and other three were

silvicultural thinning. Though the number of trees to be retained after the final thinning as

prescribed in Alva‘s plan is more, the same is being adopted in the present plan as the excess

number of stems will compensate towards damages caused by wild elephants, which is quite

common in this area. The details of the thinnings regime recommended are given below: -

1. First mechanical cum silvicultural thinning at the 6th


1300 – 1400 trees by marking the stems silviculturally in the alternative diagonals.

2. Second mechanical cum silvicultural thinning at the12th


700 – 800 trees by marking the trees silviculturally in the alternate lines.

3. First silviculture thinning at the 18th

year (leaving about 500 to 600 trees /ha).

4. Second silviculture thinning at the 30th

year (leaving about 400 trees /ha).


year (leaving about 250 to 300 trees /ha).

6. An elite thinning at the age of 80th

year (leaving about 150 trees/ha)

7. Elephant damaged teak trees may be extracted every year.



Importance is given to retain a definite number of trees after the thinnings. This is to

ensure that any subsequent variation in the number of trees in the plantation at the time of

thinning should not result in excess thinning of plantation.

The prescriptions laid down above should be followed in all the teak plantations

where regular thinnings have been carried out in the past. But in case the thinning regime as

given in the previous plan has not been followed in the past it is not desirable to reduce the

number of stems as per these prescriptions at one stroke as such action may cause opening of

canopy and consequently invasion of weeds and also make the stand susceptible to wind

damage. In such cases, gradual reduction of excess number of stems during the next thinnings

or over a period of time will be desirable. Modified thinnings in such plantations are

proposed from this point of view. In case if more number of trees are found in certain pockets

of the same plantation where overall number of trees per ha. is less in that case desirable

number of trees may be felled to remove the congestion after verification and marked by the

Deputy Conservator of Forests and Chief Conservator of Forests. Care should be taken so

that sufficient number of trees per ha. is retained to fulfill the requirement of prescribed

thinning regime for the particular closely spaced trees. The thinning schedule worked out on

the above principles is given in the Annexure XXII (a to e).

The list of all the teak plantations raised in the division is given in the Annexure

XVII. Eighteen teak plantations with a total extent of 399.52 ha. have been prescribed for

thinning during the entire plan period.

4.5 - AREA ALLOTTED TO THE WORKING CIRCLE.

The compartment wise area under the Teak plantation is given in the following table.

Table – 26: Area allotted under teak plantation working circle

Sl.

No.

Compt.

No.

Area of

Compt. in

ha

Area under

teak plantation

in ha

Name of the RF Remarks

1 16 1004.40 328.75 Mavukal RF 334.13 ha area of

this CPT falling in

Arkeri RF is deleted.

2 17 2062.40 856.13 Part of Mavukal and

Devamachi RF

3 18 1732.005 653.94 Part of Mavukal and

Devamachi RF

4 19 2292.80 470.22 Devamachi RF

Total : 7091.605 2309.04



4.6 - THINNING MARKINGS.

Marking of trees for thinning is an important work and should be attended by a

trained RFO and should be inspected 100% by the ACF and at least 25% by DCF also. This

work becomes more important because thinning proposed are either mechanical cum

silvicultural or sulvicultural. Thinning marking should be completed after rains and before

the end of December when the crown is still green. Any tending operation required in the

plantations should be completed before marking is started to facilitate clear view and easy

accessibility in the plantations. While marking, care should be taken so that the prescribed

number of sound and well growing stems that are to be retained are distributed evenly over

the plantation area. As during the preparation of this plan individual plantations have not

been surveyed the total extent as given in the records has been taken to show the area under a

particular plantation. But in many cases it is observed that the existing plantation areas are

less than the area, what it is given in the record. Therefore it is essential to first survey the

plantation and identify its boundaries before taking up the thinning markings.

Grading of poles: Teak poles obtained from thinning should be cut at the ends with saw and

classified as per the following standard classification before putting up for auction sale-

Sl no Length Class

1. Ist class

Over 6 meters in length

2. IInd

Class

Over 4 meters in length

3. III rd class

Over 2 meters and upto 4 meters in Length

Sl no Girth Class (butt end)

1. Class (a)

over 40 Cms and upto 65 Cms.

2. Class (b)

Over 20 cms and Upto 40 Cms

The thinned material having girth less than 20 Cm may be treated as Ballis or may be

sold as such. Teak stems having girth more than 65 cms may be classified as timber.



4.7 -MANAGEMENT OF PARTIALLY FAILED TEAK PLANTATIONS.

Partially failed teak plantation areas having large number of naturally grown trees of

species like Mathi, Nandi, Beete, Kindal etc. are proposed to be managed as natural stand.

Some tending operations if required at subsequent stage may be considered as per the opinion

of Deputy Conservator of Forests after his inspection. The rotation age prescribed for the teak

plantations will not have any bearing for the management of these areas.

In case of failed Teak plantations that are totally covered with weeds, it is proposed to

raise fresh Teak plantation after clearing and burning the existing weed growth. As the extent

of such areas is not large, it proposed to tackle them in the first half of the plan period by

planting them with teak seedlings raised in polythene bags through pre sprouted stumps. For

raising the teak stumps good quality of teak seeds should be got collected from the plus trees.

The seeds so collected should be treated by the method of alternately soaking them in the

cowdung slurry and then drying up for three weeks. Teak beds of size 12m x 1.20m should

be prepared before the rainy season starts. The treated seeds should be sown in the

standard teak beds in rainy season. The stumps should be prepared by selecting the healthy

seedlings during the month of March and April. From these stumps, seedlings should be

raised in the polythene bags of 6” x 9” size over a period of one month in staggering manner.

The details of Nursery techniques are not elaborated as these practices are already been

standardised by the department. Pits of the size 30 Cms X 30 Cms X 30 Cms in

2mtr x 2mtr spacing should be got dug by the end of the November as a part of advance

work. After refilling of earth by the end of May, planting work should be commenced soon

after the on set of monsoon and should be completed by the end of June. All the post

planting and subsequent maintenance operations should be carried out as per the standards

practices. Plantations should be effectively fenced to protect it from grazing or damage due to

wild animals. The potential of diffused regenerations in the forest blanks in the form of

plantations as proposed in the past also did not show promising because of frequent damages

due to wild elephants. In view of this the concentrated artificial regeneration or assisted

natural regeneration as proposed elsewhere in this plan has to be carried out by taking these

limitation into account with suitable species and with more intensive management practices.

Sincere efforts may be made to raise 10 ha. teak plantations every year in Tithimathi range

after uprooting and removing of invasive species like Lantana and Eupatorium. In the

previous Working Plan, after the third silvicultural thinning of teak plantations, under

planting with bamboo was prescribed. But in view of the damage caused by the wild



elephants and cattle it is better not to take up such operations. Plantations of teak with

bamboo should also be avoided.

4.8 TENDING.

Some of the older Teak plantations require tending operations like climber cutting,

cleaning of unwanted under growth, trimming of copice growth, removal of Loranthus etc.

These operations are to be organized in such a way that each plantation is tended at least once

in ten years. While carrying out tending operations, the younger plantations are to be tended

first. The dead and fallen, elephant damaged trees may be removed. The strict marking and

other procedures must be carried out as mentioned in para 4.6.

4.9 IDENTIFICATION OF PLANTATION AREA.

Most of the teak plantations do not have any name boards about their identification or

for other details. To avoid any confusion over the plantation boundary and its extent it is

necessary to affix/erect boards at the prominent places around these plantations. Once such

boards are fixed the Beat Guard will have full responsibility to maintain the same. This work

has to be completed by the year 2016-17.

4.10 - STATISTICS OF YIELD

During the preparation of this plan, the Teak plantations in the Division were inventoried and

results of the inventory are given in the Annexure XVII. The figures of approximate yield

under this working circle are given in the following table (as per the quantity assessed from

the inventory results without applying the yield restriction of 50%; however the form factor

of 0.4 has been taken while calculating the timber yield from 1st part of the tree)

Table – 27: Approximate yield of timber and firewood

Sl no Year Approximate yield (in

cum) from timber portion

Approximate yield

of firewood

1 2014-15 - -

2 2015-16 234.96 352.44

3 2016-17 161.75 242.63

4 2017-18 245.10 367.66

5 2018-19 186.49 279.73

6 2019-20 292.45 438.58

7 2020-21 307.10 460.65

8 2021-22 158.94 238.41

9 2022-23 185.75 278.62

10 2023-24 165.93 248.91

Total 1938.47 2907.63



CHAPTER V.

BAMBOO OVERLAPPING WORKING CIRCLE.


This is an overlapping working circle comprising of compartment numbers 16,17,18

and 19 of Devamachi and Mavukal reserved forests in Thithimathi range. The main species is

Bambusa bamboos and is mostly found as an associate species in the moist deciduous forests

of the region. It is more prominient along the streams and valleys. Dendrocalamus strictus is

also found as undergrowth here and there. Bamboo is also found in the compartment numbers

55 and 56 of Padinalknad reserved forests of Mundrote range as an associate of semi-

evergreen forests tending to moist deciduous type on account of biotic factors. These two

compartments have already been included in the Protection working circle and no felling

including extraction and removal of bamboo is contemplated. Limited number of bamboo

also exists in some devarakadus in the division.

Ecologically bamboo is a pioneer species which can grow profusely wherever the

canopy of moist and dry deciduous forests is open up. It is also a good soil binder and soil

builder.

Bamboo plays an important role in the socio - economic life of the rural population

and in the cottage industries of the state. As the availability of bamboo is mostly restricted to

the Western Ghats and its transition areas, supplies from these areas are made to other parts

of the State also. Though Bamboo is an important raw material for the paper industry no

supply is being made from Virajpet division. In the past, gregarious flowering of bamboo in

Thithimathi range occurred in 1965 – 1966 and in Makut and Mundrote ranges, in 1974.

Recently gregarious flowering of Dowga bamboo has already taken place in the forest areas

of the division during the year 2010-11 and 2011-12. It resulted in large increase in standing

dead culms which exceeded leaf litter fall decomposed more slowly. Mostly all the clumps of

bamboo has died and dried up.As a result the forest has become extremely fire prone. In view

of this, the primary importance is to take up adequate fire prevention measures to ensure good

regeneration of the species from the seeds fallen on the forest floor. As the normal flowering

cycle of Bambusa bamboos is 40 – 45 years, the next gregarious flowering of the species is

expected around 2050 – 2055 in the division. As common practice 50% of the mature green

bamboo should be harvested just before the occurance of gregarious flowering to reduce

sudden accumulation of huge quantity of inflammable dry materials after flowering.



Small bamboos, which are found as growth under in some of the above areas are not

worth extraction as these are frequently damaged by cattle and wild elephants and have

stunted growth.

5.2 - OBJECTS OF MANAGEMENT.

The main objective of management of the working circle is establishment of good

natural regeneration of bamboo and consolidation of the bamboo forests of the division. This

will lead to habitat improvement for wildlife mainly wild elephants. In addition to that due to

its fast growing nature with strong and extensive root system it will prevent soil erosion, land

degradation and will contribute to major carbon emission reduction.

Another important objective is to ensure sustained supply of bamboo to various users

consistent with the principles of sustained use of forests giving priority to rural population,

local artisans and to the cottage industries.

Bamboo is a very important resource with respect to the revenue earning capacity

especially in JFPM villages. Therefore, added objective is to sustain the income level of

Village Forest Committees by revenue sharing. This will also help in increasing the

productivity of bamboo forests by taking up intensive cultural operations and protection with

the participation of the Village Forest Committees.

The strategy to achieve the above objectives is by strict protection of the area for 10

years till the new crop attains harvestable stage. Thereafter regular extraction of bamboos for

supplying to the medars may be done retaining sufficient numbers of clumps for the elephants

for fodder.

5.3 - METHOD OF TREATMENT

In view of the peculiar situation of gregarious flowering of big bamboos that has

taken place in the forests of the division, the prescriptions given for the management of a

normal bamboo growing forest will not apply till a new crop regenerates, establishes and is

available for harvest in accordance with the silvicultural principles.Bamboo regeneration

normally takes 10-15 years to establish itself. As complete flowering of big bamboos that has

already taken place in the division, the dead and dry bamboos are in different stages of

decomposition. Therefore it is not cost-effectiveto extract the dead material.It is also

silviculturally not proper to extract dry bamboo at present juncture. The areasneed to be given

maximum protection from fire and grazing by cattle for a minimum period of 10 years to

ensure establishment of good regeneration.Early fire tracing is a must and if required some



more internal fire lines may be made.Heavy climber growth hampering the bamboo

regeneration has to be cut back and removed. Care has to be taken open bamboo regenerating

area is not invaded by invasive weeds like Lantana and Eupatarium spp.

Even after establishment of regeneration, the bamboo forests will need to be protected

from fire and grazing on a continuous basis.No new path to be formed. These special

protection measures have to be followed till new clumps are established.If adequate

protection is provided to the bamboo growing areas of the division, it is expected that regular

harvest of bamboo can start from 2025-2026.

5.4 - FELLING CYCLE.

The minimum age at which culm is exploitable and age of full maturity of culm

determine the length of felling cycle. The minimum age of exploitation is two years and age

of full maturity of a culm is about 5 – 6 years. Smaller felling cycle may result in over

exploitation of clumps whereas longer felling cycles result in over crowding of clumps. But

in view of the prevailing biotic and edaphic conditions, this system has not been found

suitable in the area. In the culm selection system under the normal condition as prescribed in

the previous working plan (for Thithimathi range), a felling cycle of 5 years would have been

appropriate. In the normal course bamboo can be exploited within 10-15 years from the time

of germination under effective protection measures. Therefore the chances of availability of

exploitable size of bamboo during this plan period is remote. It is expected that bamboo may

be available for harvesting from 2025 onwards. The following felling cycle may be followed

in future.

Table- 28: Felling schedule for working in different years

Coupe

No. Years.

1 2025-26 2030-31

2 2026-27 2031-32

3 2027-28 2032-33

4 2028-29 2033-34

5 2029-30 2034-35

5.5 - ALLOTMENT OF AREA TO THE WORKING CIRCLE.

Compartments 16,17,18 and 19 of Thithimathi Range where bamboo is found as a

mix crop has been included in the Bamboo overlapping working circle. Details of area are



given in the table-33 below.The area details and extent are same as in the case of

Improvement Working Circle.

Table – 29: Area allotted under bamboo overlapping working circle

Name of the Reserved Forest Compartment Number Area where bamboo occurs

as mix crop

1. Mavukal and Devamachi

reserved forests

16,17,18 and 19 4782.565 ha

2. Surrounding Paisari lands

transferred to forest department.

82.230 ha.

Total : 4864.792 ha.

(The area of Arkeri Reserved forest falling in Compartment No. 16 has been excluded)

5.6 - REGENERATION.

Since gregarious flowering has taken place recently in all the bamboo areas the

following activities have been prescribed for regeneration during the plan period.

1) The area will be strictly protected from fire and grazing by engaging adequate

numbers of watchers and by involving local community.

2) In areas where natural bamboo regeneration is insufficient, limited extent of

planting (20 ha to 25 ha) may be done preferably mixing with other potential

bamboo species like Burma bamboo, Bamboosa tulda etc. This will aid in species

diversity and also help to have bamboo availability continuously irrespective of

occurance of gregarious flowering in otherareas.

3) Soil working around the clumps to an extent of 100 ha per year will be done

covering atleast 50 clumps per ha. Seeds of leguminous plants should be sown in the

loosen soil around the clumps. This activity is suggested to be done from the year

2018-19 on onwards.

4) Climber growth hampering in natural regeration of bamboo will be cut and

removed.

5.7 - STATISTICS OF GROWTH AND YIELD.

For collection of data of growth and yield, inventory was designed with the sampling

intensity of 0.1 % and data was processed. Total area under bamboo, clumps per ha, culms

per ha, and yield from green damaged, dry and dry damaged bamboo were calculated

(Annexure XXIII). It was observed that proportion of green damaged, dry and dry damaged

bamboos in the clumps was high. Yield from green sound bamboo (from annual recruitment)



was also calculated but it has flowered subsequently and dried up. Therefore, yield due to

green bamboo will be only incidental and not the main object of the working circle. The

following correlation factors of Forest Survey of India were used for various categories of

culms to find out equivalent green weight of the green damaged, dry and dry damaged

bamboo:

Dry sound culm - ½ green sound culm

Dry damaged culm - ¼ green sound culm

Green damaged culm - ½ green sound culm

Decayed culm - 0

Regarding the weight, 50 big bamboos or 250 small bamboos are taken to weigh one

ton. The approximate yield of different category of bamboo is given in table below.

Table – 30: Approximate yield of green and dry bamboo.

Sl

no. Name of the State forest

CPT

No. Kind

Approximate yield of

green sound culm over

two seasons old

* Approximate yield of

dry bamboo

Total nos. Tonnes Total nos. Tonnes

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 Mavukal and Devamachi 17 Big 43384 867.68 80570 1611.40

2 18 Big 18170 363.40 162803 3256.00

3 19 Big 108059 2161.18 349467 6989.00

Total : 169613 3392.26 592840 11856.40

50 % of yield 84806 1696 296420 5928

* The approximate yield of dry bamboo is based on the growing stock assessment on

availability of dry sound culm and dry damaged culms during the inventory done in the year

2010-11.

In no way, this yield should be treated as prescribed yield. There is no green bamboo

availablein the division nowfor extraction. Even the extraction of dry bamboo in the present

scenario is not economic.



CHAPTER VI

WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT OVERLAPPING WORKING CIRCLE

6.1 –This is an overlapping working circle comprising of reserved forest and surrounding

Paisari lands transferred to forest department. Total area under this working circle is

33465.184 ha.In Virajpet division, the types of forests vary from evergreen to dry deciduous

and wildlife can be seen in all these forest areas. Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests are

confined to Makut and Mundrote ranges whereas deciduous forests are found in Thithimathi

range. In Mundrote and Makut ranges, the forest is a continuous stretch of evergreen and

semi-evergreen vegetation with two wildlife sanctuaries adjoining to it. These are

Bhrahmagiri and Talakaveri wildlife sanctuaries. The animals have vast area for their

movement and usually do not come out of the forests. Hence in these areas man-animal

conflict is very rare.

6.2 - Thithimathi and Ponnampet ranges are surrounded by Nagarahole national park (Rajiv

gandhi national park) which covers and area of 643.39 sq.kms. The park comprises mixed

forests, teak plantations and scrub jungle. It is rich in bio diversity both in terms of flora and

fauna. The movement of animals from the national park to the adjoining areas of Virajpet

division is very common. Among the important mammals found in the National Park are

Asian or Indian elephant (Elephas maximus), Tiger (Panthera tigris), Leopard (Panthera

pardus), Wild dog (Cuonalpinus), Sambar (Cervus unicolor), Chital (Axis axis), Muntjac

(Muntiacus muntjac), Wild boar (Sus scotei). In view of this, it is necessary to ensure that all

forestry operations are carried out in these forest areas in such a manner as to contribute to

the improvement of the natural habitat conducive to wildlife preservation. The invasive

weeds like Lantana, Eupatorium etc which do not form part of elephant food should be

eradicated. Indigenous species that are preferred by the elephants should be planted. Steps

should be taken to augment and conserve the water resource. De-silting and deepening of

tanks should be undertaken. Intensive protection measures against smuggling and poaching

should be taken. Since gregarious flowering has taken place in this forest area, strict control

of fire and grazing is to be ensured for proper regeneration of bamboo for next 5 years.

Immunization of the domestic cattle should be done to halt the spread of any epidemic among

the wildlife. The villagers and tribal people living in and around forest areas should be

organized to form village forest committees (VFC)/ eco development committees (EDC) for

the protection and conservation of forest and wildlife. Collection of NTFPs should be through



the local Large Area Multipurpose society and any method of collection that has a

detrimental effect on the habitat of the forests should be strictly avoided. Efforts should be

made to change the cropping pattern in the adjoining private land through persuasive methods

preferably to adopt wildlife friendly crops like tubers, climbers and valuable tree species

instead of agricultural crops. The protective staff should be equipped with sufficient arms,

ammunition and wireless equipment for effective communication.

6.3 -In these areas the coffee estates and other agricultural lands are adjoining to the forest

area. During nighttime, the animals try to move out of the forests to enter into the coffee

estates and other agricultural lands in search of water and food. During the summer season,

because of water scarcity, movement of elephants out side the forests especially in the

western part of Thithimathi range is quite common. The intermittent coffee plantations and

narrow corridors have resulted in man-animal conflict. Though steps have been taken in

Hunsur wild life division to dig elephant proof trenches bordering Thithimathi range and

erecting solar fence around Brahmagiri wildlife sanctuary to an extent of 5 kilometers, the

problems of man-animal conflict have not been reduced. The measures like permanent

elephant scaring camps, regular maintenance of elephant proof trenches/solar fence in the

vulnerable areas are necessary to reduce man-animal conflict. In special cases, translocation

of rouge elephants may also be considered. The solar fence that has been erected between

Maldare to Devamachi villages needs to be maintained effectively. Prompt and timely

payment of ex-gratia will help in earning goodwill amongst the local people who in turn

would participate in conservation and preservation of wildlife. The details of the ex-gratia

payment made for loss of life/permanent disability and for crop damage/cattle kill are given

in the Annexure XXVI.

6.4 - The details of natural and unnatural death cases of wild elephants in Virajpet Division

from 2001-02 to 2011-12 is given in Annexure XXVII (a) and (b). Priority should therefore

be given to excavation of elephant proof trenches all along the outer boundary of forests to

check the entry of the wild animals, especially elephants, in the adjoining crop lands and

other areas of human habitation. Already a stretch of 35.50 Km Elephants Proof Trenches

(EPTs) and 78.135 Km solar fence have been made along the forest boundary touching

villages shown in Map. The details of EPT dug and solar fencing erected are given in

Annexure XXVIII. The digging of EPT may be continued till the entire stretch human

elephant conflict zone is covered. This EPT has to be maintained periodically at least every



3rd

year to make it effective. The damage points of EPT along the periphery of forests

through which elephants commonly gain entry into the private lands should be identified and

immediate steps should be taken to repair the EPT in those locations. Such points should also

be marked on the beat maps. The concerned local beat guard should ensure that trenches so

dug remain effective. The outer side of the mounds formed should be planted with Agave,

Euphorbia species etc. and the inner sides with bamboo at close spacing in two rows so as to

make it impenetrable. This will help in bringing down the incidence of crop damage, loss of

life etc. in the surrounding areas and thereby significantly reduce man-animal conflict. This

will also save substantial amount of money, which is presently being spent towards the

payment of compensation for loss of crop and other damages. Solar fencing should be erected

if necessary in the high human elephant conflict zone. Wherever EPT and solar fencing are

not effective, special structures like erection of spike pillars, construction of rubble stone

walls etc should be done. Deepening of EPT by blasting of rocks should be done on need

based basis.

6.5 - For the purpose of improvement of wildlife habitat and to mitigate the human elephant

conflict a comprehensive action plan program covering all the important required activities

has been proposed and the details are given in Annexure XXIX (a to f).

6.6 - A set of guidelines issued by the Chief Wildlife Warden, Karnataka for General

management of wildlife in forest areas outside the Protected Area Network are given

below:-

1. Eco –restoration of the habits by way of moderating the pressure of human demands and

allowing the nature to heal the scars of over exploitation of the habitats including

replacement of exotic species of plants which do not form part of wildlife food, with

indigenous forest species for enrichment of habitat;

2. Habitat manipulation and better preservation of bio-tope including plantations of trees

and fodder species fire protection, prevention of erosion and denudation, removal of

unwanted species of flora and protection from floods;

3. Augmentation of water supply, facilities for ponds, dams, wells and for transportation of

water and pumping of water;

4. Census of wildlife in reserves by aerial and / ground survey, enumeration / survey and

status of wild animals;



5. Construction works of roads and buildings for patrolling, supervision research and

accommodation of staff concerned with the development and management of wildlife

services to be located close to the wildlife rich areas;

6. Enrichment of the natural habitats through development of cover, water resources, salt

licks, soil and water conservation etc., wherever necessary;

7. Direct measures to mitigate man-beast conflict: May include creation of barriers

depredations control squads, early warning systems etc;

8. Indirect measures to mitigate man animal conflicts: Development of pasture lands and

woodlands on available community lands and Government lands outside the wildlife

habitats, establishment of alternate systems to meet sustenance need of forest-dependent

human populations, popularization of Non-Conventional Energy systems, changes in

Socio-economic practices which lead to intensification of conflict with wildlife;

9. Compensation for depredation by wild animals;

10. Assistance should be provided for constitution of awards, for exemplary work to the

subordinate staff. Awards would be confined to subordinate staff up to the level of Asst.

Conservator of Forests whereas certificate/citation/medals could be given to the officers

above the rank of Assistant Conservator of Forests;

11. Adoption of alternative schemes, such as crop insurance system;

12. Ecological restoration of critical elephant migration corridors and routes;

13. Capture and translocation of problem populations of elephants, translocation and /

elimination of established rouge elephants crop degrading wild boars;

14. Immunization of cattle in fringe of elephant reserves;

15. Setting up well equipped squads at strategic points to help the villagers in chasing away

wild elephants;

16. Erecting electric fences at strategic places;

17. Demarcation and Consolidation of corridors by procuring land (if approved by

Government of India);

18. Capturing of elephant (If approved by Government of India);

19. Publicity and awareness program in and around wildlife habitat;

20. Research/monitoring works and ;

21. Eco-tourism in these areas has an indirect effect of affording protection to Wildlife and

hence it could be encouraged;

Control and records: The records on seasonal movement of elephants and their migratory

behavior should be maintained.



CHAPTER VII.

NON TIMBER FOREST PRODUCES OVERLAPPING WORKING CIRCLE.


This overlapping working circle consists of Mavukal and Devamachi reserved forest,

and some extent of surrounding paisari land which has been transferred to forest department.

It also includes Deverakadus which are protected areas. Makut and Mundrote ranges have

evergreen and semi-evergreen types of forests. The local populations, mostly non-tribals, do

not depend on the minor forest produce found in the nearby forests. It is only in the moist and

dry deciduous forest zone of Thithimathi range where the tribals among the local

communities have a stake in the management of minor forest produce. There are thirteen

tribal colonies in and around Mavukal and Devamachi reserved forests. So far Hakku Patras

for 292.685 acres of forest land have been given to 237 such tribal families under the

Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act,

2006 and Rules 2008 as shown in Annexure-XLIX (a&b). These families depend for their

livelihood partly on cultivation and partly on collection of minor forest produce. They also

earn good wages by working in the surrounding coffee estates.There is also a Large Area

Multipurpose Society (LAMPS) in the area based at Thithimathi with a tribal person as its

President and RFO Thithimathi is one of the members. The LAMPS either through its

members or through the other tribals living in and around these forests in the division,

collects or markets various minor forest produces.

7.2 - SPECIFIC OBJECTS OF MANAGEMENT.

In view of the changes in the policies, unrestricted harvesting of minor forest produce

and realizing higher revenue are no longer the important objectives of management; instead,

the emphasis is on conservation and people‘s participation in the management of these

resources. Following are the special objectives in this working circle:

1. To ensure sustainable use of forests by streamlining the collection of non-timber

forest produce on scientific basis compatible with sound silvicultural principles to

maintain its potential to meet the needs and aspirations of the present and future

generation.

2. To involve the local people, especially the tribal communities living in and around

the forest areas and also in the VFC areasin the sustainable management of

resources.



3. To motivate and train the forest dependent communities in protection,

improvement, harvesting and disposal of non-timber forest produces including

non destructive collection, processing and marketing of value added products.

7.3 - ALLOTMENT OF AREA.

The total area under these working circle is 6466.429 ha as indicated in the table

below.

Table – 31(a): Area allotted under NTFP overlapping working circle


1. Devamachi and Mavukal reserved forests

(Compartments – 16,17,18 & 19)

4782.562 ha*

2. Surrounding Paisari lands transferred to forest department

(in the moist and dry deciduous zone)

82.23 ha.

3. Devarakadus, Ambala and Mandu (protected forests) 1601.637 ha.

Total : 6466.429 ha.

Though several minor forest produces are available in these forests all of them can not

be permitted for exploitation. The main reason for this is to prevent any injury or damage to

`the trees. The species which are either ecologically endangered or have endemic distribution

also need to be protected from any exploitation. The important naturally occurring Non

Timber Forest Produces available in the division are listed below:

Table 31 (b): Naturally occurring NTFPs

1. Seege kai (Fruits of Acacia concinna).

2. Vate huli (Fruits of Artocarpus lakucha).

3. Tree moss.

4. Honey.

5. Bee wax.

6. Nellikai (Fruits of Emblica officinalis).

7. Dhupa (Exudation of Vateria indica)

8. Pannerale (Fruits of Syzygium jamboos).

9. Kotte Hannuu (Fruits of Zizyphus

rugosa).

11. False Rampathre (Fruits and seeds of Myristica

beddomi).

12. Ramphatre (Fruits and seeds of Myristica fragrans).

13. Bhootha rudrakshi (Fruits and seeds of Elaeocarpus

tuberculatus).

14. Fruits of Garcina Morella and Garcina gummigutata.

15. Exudates of Kingiodendron pinnatum.

16. Exudates of Canarium strictum.

17. Bark of Gulmavu (Persia macarantha).

18. Bark of Nothapodytes foetida.



10. Rakthamara (Fruits and seeds of Knema

attenuata).

19. Pods of Sterculia alata.

20. The Cilmber Concnium fenstratum.

With the coming of the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers

(Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 and the distribution of ―Community rights‖

generally covering the right to collect NTFP in forest areas. It is important that items of

NTFP that are being collected are listed and prescribed for collection. Thus the following are

the details and prescriptions for NTFPs collection.

1) Fruits of Syzygium jamboos: Trees of S.jambos (Pannerale) occur quite frequency in

the evergreen forests of Virajpet division. This is actually a small tree nature to South

East Asis. It has yellow or reddish fruits, which are hollow and taste like apple.

Collection of this NTFP may be allowed subject to the conditions that branches are

not broken in harvest and that more than two third of the fruits on any tree are not

removed.

2) Fruits of Zizyphus rugosa (Kotte Hannu): This tree is quite locally abundant in the

grass lands abutting evergreen patches. It gives white or pinkish fruits which are not

very sweet, but are considered of more medicinal value than other Zizyphus.

Collection of the fruits may be allowed with the same condtion as that for S.Jambos.

3) Fruits and seeds of Knema attenuate (Rakthamara), Myristica beddomi (False

Rampathre) and Myristra fragrans (Rampathre): Collection of this NTFP is done,

more off record in a clandestine way, than overtly. The species if found in the

evergreen forests of Virajpet, but the species needs to be conserved. It shoud either be

not allowed for being, collected. If at all it is needed, some collection may be allowed

but not with a frequency of more than once in three years.

4) Fruits and seeds of Pseudo Rudraksh: Trees of Elaeocarpus tuberculatus (Bhootha

rudrakshi), E.serratus and E.pblongus give seeds which resemble the real rudraksh

(E.ganitrus). Whereas E.tuberculatus is found commonly in the evergreen forests of

Virajpet division, the other species are infrequent to rare. Hence it is prescribed that

collection of E.tuberculatus be allowed but that of all other species of the genus not

be done.

5) Fruits of Emblica officinalis (Nellikai): The species is seen manly in the drier parts of

the division. The fruits rich in vitamin C are in demand for its various uses, including

medicinal. Fruits may be allowed to be collected with the restriction as in case of

S.Jambos.



6) Fruits Artocarpus lakoocha (Vate huli): The trees of this species are frequently found

in the semi evergreen areas of the division. The species needs a bit of conservation. It

may be permitted to be collected with the same restriction as in case of S.Jambos, but

only in alternate years.

7) Fruits of Garcina Morella and Garcina gummigutata: The trees of thses species are

found in the evergreen areas, but are not very frequent. It may be conserved as in the

case of Knema and Myristica dealt with above.

The extraction of the following items is completely prohibited is any area-

1) Exudates (white damer and black damer) of Vateria indica and Canarium strictumand

oil fromKingiodendron pinnaturn.

2) The bark of Persia macarantha (Gulmavu) and that of Nothapodytes foetida (that

gives on anti cancer drug valued highly to the market).

3) Any item that would qualify to be called a ―wildlife article‖ in the Wildlife Protection

Act 1972.

4) The pods of Sterculia alata.

5) The Climber Coscnium fenstratum.

To avoid overexploitation,the use of NTFP should be in such a manner and at such

rate that does not lead to the long time decline of biological diversity.The concerned Range

Forest Officer and his staff will closely supervise all works of collection and ensure that there

is neither any violation of lease agreement nor damage to any trees.

7.4 - METHOD OF SALE.

As per the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition

of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 and Rules 2008 and Amendment Rules, 2012the forest

dwelling tribes living in and around the forests will be allowed to collect, use and dispose off

NTFP which has been traditionally collected within or outside village boundaries. The

committee constituted under Grama Sabha has to prepare conservation and management plan

for community forest resources in order to sustainably and equitably manage such community

forest resources for the benefit of forest dwelling Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional

Forest Dwellers and integrate such conservation management plan with the working plan of

the forest department after Forest Dwellers rights on such resources are recognized.



Presentaly, biannual lease is being taken by the Large Area Multipurpose Co-

operative Society (LAMPS), Thithimathi.The LAMPS makes its request to the Deputy

Conservator of Forests, Virajpet for renewal of biannual lease for collection of specified

NTFPs. The LAMPS will enter into an agreement with the forest department for the purpose

with the conditions as envisaged in the Government Order No: FEE 10 FDP 2001 dated :

20.07.2001. The DCF will insist that only 50% of the NTFPs will be allowed to collect by the

LAMPS so that sufficient NTFPs are left behind for perpetutation of the species and to meet

the dietary needs of the wildlife. This agreement will exclude the JFPM areas. In JFPM areas,

the LAMPS will not be allowed to collect NTFP. In such cases, the NTFP will be collected

by the VFCs and the sale proceed will be shared between the VFCs and the Government as

per the prevailing Government order. As the procedure being followed in the division is in

conformity with the current policy of the Government, the same may be continued in future

also. The LAMPS has to improve the facilities for storage, transport, value addition,

marketing etc. so that the society may earn more remunerative prices from the NTFPs

collected and marketed by it.

In Mundrote range 30 ha rubber plantations and 56 ha cashew plantations were raised

in compartment No: 55 during the period from 1967 to 1970 and from 1980 to 1982

respectively. An extent of 29.42 ha cashew plantation was raised during the period from 1936

to 1956. All these plantations will be left to merge with the natural forest due to their

diminishing yield.

7.5 - GENERAL MEASURES.

1. No NTFPs will be allowed to collect from the areas alloted under protection working

circle with the exception of the cases provided under Forest Right Act.

2. The collection of NTFPs should be done in a systematic, scientific and controlled manner.

Non destructive methods of extraction have to be followed. Therefore there should be

proper supervision at the field level to avoid any harm to the trees. The responsibility to

the proper compliance of agreement conditions will be with the Range Forest Officer

concerned. In case of any violation of agreement conditions, he should report the matter

to the Deputy Conservator of Forests for taking penal action against the

society/contractor.

3. It will be the responsibility of the LAMP society to ensure that during summer season the

local tribals engaged in the collection of NTFPs do not set fire to the forests to facilitate



collection of any item and that they extend all co-operation to the local staff to keep the

forests free from fire. In the interest of sustainability of forest and wildlife, the sensitive

areas having the problem of over-exploitation, smuggling, poaching, fire etc. may be

ordered for closure.

4. The Deputy Conservator of Forests should ensure that LAMP society/VFCs etc.,submit

regular monthly returns of the quantity of NTFP collected and disposed off. This

information will give an idea about the correct potential of particular non timber forest

produce in the division.

5. The restricted items found during the routine perambulation of the staff should be sent to

the concerned Range Forest Officer for safe custody. Range Forest Officer in turn will

give regular report in this regard to Deputy Conservator of Forests.

6. In case the seeds of any species included in the list of non timber forest produces are

required for departmental purpose, the society/contractor will have to supply the same to

the Department on priority as per the rates fixed by the Silviculturist, Madikeri.

7. The LAMP Society has to comply all the conditions cited in the prevailing government

order and also the agreement.

8. The Deputy Conservator of Forests should sensitize the LAMPS and the tribal community

through awareness program regarding method of collection, the time of harvesting, its

grading, storage and value addition for economically important species for sustainable

management. The DCF should develop a good practice guide for sustainable harvesting,

grading, effective storing and value addition. The tribal community and the VFCs need to

workout and agree on sustainable harvesting methods as a collective enterprise.

9. The Deputy Conservator of Forests should verify the present status of the NTFP yielding

species in the division by special studies and if he finds that, specific NTFP species

comes under RET status in the division should stop harvesting of such species.

The details of NTFP tree species recorded during the inventory work in RFs and

Devarakadus have been given in Annexure XXIV.



CHAPTER - VIII


8.1 - Forest lands consolidation and Management

The pressure on forest land for encroachment is growing day by day. The single

biggest challenge before the Forest Department is to effectively consolidate and manage the

forest lands. The forest lands of Virajpet Division have got the same problem. Highest

priority should be given on the consolidation of forest land for the following reasons :

a. Growing encroachments of forest lands

b. Imperfect or non-existent legal titles to the forest lands

c. Delays in settlement and notification of the lands notified under Section 4 of

KFA, 1963.

d. Lack of effective approach to tackle the ‗other lands‘ i.e., the lands under the

control of Forest Department.

As per the CF Working Plan, Mysore office record, 179.75 Km, 10.5 Km and 75 Km

boundaries were surveyed and demarcated during the year 2003-04, 2004-05 and 2007-08 in

the division.

8.1.1 - Growing encroachments of forest lands: It is due to lack of knowledge of correct

boundary and limits of forest areas amongst the staff; lack of maintenance of boundaries in a

manner that dissuades encroachments while clearly highlighting the actual boundaries; lack

of adequate numbers of frontline staff; Growing apathy of officials towards regular

perambulation of boundaries; lack of clear titles to the land parcels.

8.1.2 - Imperfect and/or non-existent legal titles to the lands: Lack of clear property rights

on the forest lands by the Forest Department is a great obstacle to the work of consolidation

of forests. It is reported that, 100 percent mutation in revenue records have taken place for the

reserved forests while mutation has yet to be done for Section 4 notified area and other

category of forest lands.

It also needs investigation whether the titles in revenue records in respect of mutated

lands indicate correct mutation or only in column 11 (i.e., the custodian) instead of column 9

(i.e., owner).

8.1.3 - Delays in settlement of forests: Seventeen areas have been notified under section 4

of KFA, 1963 and one area has been notified under Section 4 of Mysore Forest Act XI of

1900. However, the settlement process has not started in most of the cases. In most cases

even the mandatory proclamations under Section 5 – that prevent any alienation of the land



by the revenue authorities - have not been issued, leading to possibility of encroachment as

well as creation of rights on such lands in favour of private individuals. Non posting of the

Forest Settlement officers and the apathy or the workload of the Sub-divisional Revenue

officers who are designated as the FSOs is hampering the settlement process.

8.1.4 - Lack of effective approach to tackle the ‘other lands’ i.e., the lands under the

control of Forest Department: The division has other land tenures like Paisari, Uruduve,

Devarakadu, Jamamalai etc. In some such areas, plantations have been raised. However, the

legal status of such lands still continue to be with the revenue department and not yet mutated

in favour of the forest department.

In this context, it becomes imperative to prioritise the consolidation of forest lands as

a major item of forest management with the following objectives.

1. To consolidate the physical and tenurial status of notified forest lands in the divisions;

2. To consolidate the physical and tenurial status of other lands under the control of the

Forest Department and;

3. To put in place a mechanism for regular monitoring and consolidation of all forest

lands leading to better protection and conservation of forest lands ;

8.2 - Suggested Management Approach

Following strategies are suggested for effective consolidation and management of

these forest lands.

Survey and demarcation immediately on a war footing. This should be done on the

basis of revenue land record system;

Survey and maintenance at every 10 years interval should be done. Already existing

cairns / boundary pillars should be maintained and additional new cairns / boundary

pillars should be fixed along the forest boundary abuting to private land and Kerala

state boundary as shown in Annexure – XXXV (a);

Immediate action to get the tenure status appropriately depicted in the revenue

records. It is necessary to integrate the forest tenurial status in Bhoomi database. The

Revenue Department should be moved to issue separate ‗Khatas‘ in case of forest

lands. Such a move will enable locking the tenure status of forest lands in the

‗Bhoomi‘ Master databases, preventing any malpractice of granting of forest lands by

the Revenue Department.



In several forests, some survey numbers are partly included in the forest area. In such

areas ‗phodi‘ of the forest lands should be done to clearly reflect the boundaries of the

forest land on the revenue maps. Since this work of survey of Government lands has

been taken up by the Commissioner, Survey Settlement and Land Records,

opportunity should be taken to discuss with Commissioner, to get the ‗phodi‘ of the

forest land survey numbers done immediately.

Maps clearly showing the boundary of the forest lands on the revenue map should be

provided to the frontline staff to enable understanding of the boundaries.

Considering the ‗real estate‘ value of these lands and consequent possibilities of

encroachment, it is important to provide physical barriers (such as walls etc) to

demarcate the forest boundaries at least in respect of forests located in the peri-urban

areas in other areas also erection of permanent boundary pillars should be fixed. It is

necessary to consolidate devarakadus by digging CPT.

Lack of appropriate signage is a distinct feature along the boundaries of most of the

forest areas. The provisions of the Forest Manual and Forest Code in this regard have

been given complete go by, swept away by the juggernaut of implementation of

externally aided forestry projects. Provision of appropriate signage at every entrance

to the forest is the first step towards providing awareness and consequently deterrence

of intrusion into forest lands. The sign boards should show the details of notification,

extent, rough boundary sketch and other important features.

Maintenance of records in respect of notified forest lands is to be done properly. The

existing mechanisms of office inspection by the superior officers, which are expected

to provide appropriate checks and balances should be in full spirit.

While most of the above suggestions hold true in case of Section 4 notified areas too,

certain specific suggestions are considered in order:

o Need for resurvey of some of the areas, as the maps drawn up during the initial

survey and preparation of draft notification, do not correspond to the village

maps and do not help in correctly locating the boundaries of the lands. The

quality of the draft boundary notifications in terms of their ability to be

translated into closing polygons on village maps is poor in most of the cases.

This is essentially due to lack of proper referencing of boundary description

vis-à-vis permanent land marks such as geographical features, village survey

numbers. Etc. There is need for a serious relook on this.



o Need for recorrection or reissue of the draft notification correcting anomalies

in some of the areas if any, regarding the village survey numbers and/or

extents of the area notified.

o Hastening the process of settlement through constant interaction with the

Revenue Officials. Unless this is monitored on a continuous basis by all the

implementing and supervising officers, progress in settlement is likely to be

nil.

Section 4 proposed areas: There is also a category of lands which have been

proposed for notification under section 4. In respect of such lands, the following

approach is suggested:

o Resurvey of the areas and preparation of fresh maps on revenue village basis

indicating the actual status;

o Notification of the same;

o Pursuance of the settlement process and

o Physical consolidation of the boundary.

Other lands under the custody of Forest Department

o Preparation of inventory

o Physical verification of the inventory and the present status, including tenurial

status

o Consolidation in terms of tenure status and on the ground

Maintenance of records

o Maintenance of RF registers

o Maintenance of registers of plantations

o Creation and maintenance of register of lands under the control of the Forest

Department

After the survey and demarcation of the forest, the encroachments have to be removed

immediately and the areas should be consolidated with digging CPT, EPT, barbed wire

fencing etc., depending upon the situation. The details of encroachment is given in Annexure

XXV (a) to (c) and Annexure XLX (a) to (c).



8.3 – Sandalwood Management

During the inventory for preparation of this plan, occurrence of sandalwood trees

have not been noticed in any sample plots of reserved forests as well as in devarakadus.

Sandalwood plantations have not been raised in the division.

Only few young sandalwood saplings have been observed during the field inventory

in scattered places specially on the EPT mounds in Thithimathi range. In the past, better

sandalwood growing trees were in paisari lands than in reserved forest. Therefore, a separate

working circle for sandalwood management has not been made in this present plan.

Sandalwood seedlings should be planted along with other local species in gap planting

prescribed under improvement working circle.

Prior to 2001, all sandalwood trees, including those growing on private lands, were

considered as Government property as per the Karnataka Forest Act, 1963 and Karnataka

Forest Rules, 1969. Extraction, transportation and trading of sandalwood were done by the

Forest Department. Private individuals were paid bonus and not the actual value of the

sandalwood extracted from their land. In order to encourage private individuals to grow

sandalwood trees in their lands, the Karnataka Forest Act, 1963 and Karnataka Forest Rules,

1969 were amended during 2001 and 2002 conferring ownership rights of sandalwood trees

growing on private lands to the land owners. Trading of sandalwood has been liberalized and

the farmers can sell the sandalwood to the Karnataka Forest Department or to the Karnataka

Handicrafts Development Corporation Limited (KHDCL) or to the Karnataka Soaps and

Detergents Limited (KSDL) after taking felling and transportation permission from the Forest

Department. If farmers opt to send the sandalwood to Government sandalwood depots, they

are paid as per prevailing market rates after deducting conversion charges. The KHDCL and

KSDL are permitted to purchase the sandalwood from the owner at prices negotiated by them

with the owner. In order to encourage the PSUs and other organizations to protect the

sandalwood trees growing in their lands/ premises, these organizations are treated as owners

and they can claim monetary benefit at the time of harvesting the sandalwood trees growing

in their lands.

The main objective of management will be i) to encourage sandal regeneration in the

forest areas and ii) to encourage the farmers and other private individuals and organizations

to grow sandalwood in private land providing quality seedlings and technical support.



8.3.1 – Prescriptions:

1. A suitable block of 50 ha in Compartment No: 18 of Devamachi Reserved Forests

in Thithimathi range will be identified for developing in to sandal estate by

artificial planting. The area will be protected by erecting chain link mesh / solar

fence.

2. Gap planting of sandalwood seedlings along with other miscellaneous species

should be done in the improvement blocks every year.

3. Sandalwood seedlings should be raised for public distribution in Thithimathi

range.

4. Only dead and fallen trees may be allowed to extract from the forest and other

government lands under the custody of forest department.

5. Other regulations will be as per the provisions of the existing Forest Act and

Rules.

GROWING CONDITION & REGENERATION:

Sandal (Santalum album L. or East Indian Sandalwood) is a small evergreen tree

attaining a height of 12-13 meters with slender drooping as well as erect branching. It is quite

hardy, can grow in dry and degraded lands and over a variety of soils. Sandalwood tree is a

hermi root parasite. It can parasitize over 300 species from grass to another sandal plant.

Under gregarious growing conditions, self-parasitism is common. Sandalwood establishes

haustorial connections with the host plants and depends on them for its requirement of

nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It can obtain other nutrients on its own. Seedlings are

found to survive without a host for 3 years but thereafter they tend to die. In a natural

population 2 percent of seedlings do not produce haustoria, and they fail to survive on their

own beyond three years of age.

Nursery Techniques :

Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore has standardlized nursery practices to raise

quality seedlings of sandalwood. Sandal fruits, fresh from the tree or fallen on the ground are

collected during April-May and October-November from known superior populations and are

depulped by soaking in water and rubbing off the pulp on rough surface. Seeds are dried

under shade and stored in polythene bags. To hasten germination, seeds are soaked overnight

in 0.05% gibberellic acid (500 parts per million) solution for 16 hrs before sowing in



germination beds. Seed beds of size 10mx1m are prepared with sieved sand : red earth in the

ratio 2:1. Nematicides in the form of Ekalux or Thimet at 500g per bed is mixed with soil, 4

kg (400 g seeds/ sq.m). Seeds are then spread uniformy over the bed covered with 2 cms of

sand and mulched with straw. The straw is removed once leaves appear. To prevent fungal

infections, beds are sprayed with 0.25% Diathene M-45 solution once in 15 days. Ekalux

solution (0.02%) sprayed once in a month prevents nematode attack. Beds are watered once

or twice day depending on the climatic conditions. Under semicontrolled conditions (mist

chamber/ green house/ shade house) pure sand in trays can be used as a germination medium,

following prophylactic measures cited above. Seed sowing should be carried out in the month

of December-January so that plantable seedlings are ready by subsequent monsoon period.

Seedlings are transplanted at two-leaf stage in containers (root trainers/ polybags).

Root trainers (270cc to 600cc) with potting media consisting of sand, soil, compost in the

ratio of 40:10:50 or sand, soil, compost, rice husk and characoal in the ratio of 25:15:50:5:5

sieved by 6x6 holes/sq.inch is best for raising quality seedlings of sandal. Polyvags (600cc to

1500cc) can be used with potting media consisting of sand, soil and farm yard manure or

compost in the ratio of 2:1:1 for production of sandal seedling in six months.

Nutritional enrichment of potting media by adding neem cake and SSP and

application of slow release fertilizers or periodic spray of nutrients boost the growth of

seedlings. Traditionally, Cajans cajan is used as primary host for sandal. However, Mimosa

pudica has been found to be better in terms of growth of sandalwood seedlings. To further

improve the growth of seedlings and for better survival, combined application of

biofertilizers Glomus fasiculatum and G.mossae is recommended. As a prophylactic measure

Diathene/Bavastin (0.25%) and Ekalux (0.02%) solutions are sprayed at monthly intervals.

Field Planting :

Healthy sandal seedlings having a height of about 25 to 30cm and collar diameter

approximately 3.0mm are planted in pits of 50 cm3 size with an espacement of 4m x 4m at

the onest of monsoon. Miscellaneous secondary forestry species are planted in separate pits in

a quincunx pattern. Some of the species which have proved as good hosts for sandal are

casuarina equisetifolia, Acacia nilotica, Pongamia pinnata, Cassia siamea, Albizia lebbeck

and Wrightia tinctoria.

Thithimathi range is adjoining to Nagarahole Tiger Reserve due to which movement

of wild animals is very common. Therefore for successful establishment of plantation, 2 to 3



feet tall healthy seedlings raised in 8”x12” woven bags along with the primary host

(Mimuosa pudica) should be planted in pits of 0.50m x 0.50m x 0.50m size. As sencondary

host Albizia lebbeck/ Pongamia pinnata may be planted in separate pits in a quincunx pattern.

Farm yard manual @ 1m3

for 40 plants should be applied as basal dose at the time of planting

to the sandal seedlings. The area should be protected by chainlink fencing or solar fence to

avoid damage from elephant. The details of activities to be taken up under sandal

management are given in Annexure XXXII.

8.4 – Joint Forest Planning and Management

The Government of Karnataka had, vide Order No. AHFF 232 FAP 86 dated

12-4-1993, issued guidelines for the joint forest planning and management (JFPM)

programme in order to rehabilitate degraded forests (with density less than 0.25) with the

active involvement and participation of the local community on benefit sharing basis.

As most of the forest areas in the division fall in the category of more than 0.25

density,the scope of forming VFCs in the division is limited. However, under the framework

and guidelines of JFPM, there is tremendous scope to protect, conserve and consolidate

sacred groves existing in Virajpet division. These sacred groves are repositories of endemic

flora and have a high conservation value (Boraiah et al,). There are 25 medicinal tree species

of rare, endangered and threatened category present in these sacred groves (Kushalappa and

Bhagavat 2001). In addition to that, there is a scope to improve and conserve degraded areas

adjoining to forest enclosures. As per the above Govt. orders. 19 EDCs and 12 Village Forest

Committees have been formed in the Division under various projects/schemes such as JBIC,

KSFMBC and NAP-FDA covering an area of 1830.00 ha.

Under the JFPM, both afforestation and entry point activities have been taken up in

the VFCs / EDCs. Entry point activities such as desilting of tanks, digging of open well,

construction of jarubandi, repairing of temple, construction of temple compound etc., IG

activities such as assisting in dairy activity, piggery activity and opening of garment shop

were taken up.

8.4.1 - Specific objects of Management

1. To involve the local people in planning, protection, regeneration development and

management of degraded forest areas on a sustainable basis;

2. To protect, conserve and consolidate devarakadus and other government lands;



3. To encourage sharing of the responsibilities as well as benefits due to the joint

forest planning and management between the Forest department and the local

people;

4. To improve the livelihood conditions of people living in the forest fringe villages;

5. To prevent encroachment, forest fires, illicit felling, smuggling of forest produce

and poaching of wild animals and to regulate grazing and to perform such other

functions which are helpful to develop forest resources.

No separate prescription has been made for the management of forest area coming

under this working circle. Depending upon in which working circle this parcel of forest land

has been originally included, the prescriptions given to that particular working circle would

be applicable. Whenever and wherever VFCs have enough funds under VFD fund, option

may be given to the VFCs to raise valuable plantations like NTFP.

Each village forest committee has a separate approved management plan. All the

forest areas included in the management plan will be taken up for managements as per the

prescriptions given under corresponding working circle. The sharing of usufructs and sale

proceed of forest produces has to be done as per prevailing government order. The NTFP

collection from the JFPM areas should be done by the concerned VFCs and the sale proceeds

should be shared by the VFCs and Govt. as per prevailing Govt. order. In case of

devarakadus, the sharing of forest produce between the government and the temple

committee should be done as per prevailing government order.

Presently, 06 VFCs are found to be active. Special measures have to be taken to

revive the other VFCs and also the EDCs for sustainability during the period of this plan.

8.4.2 - Prescription:

1) VFC/EDC and KFD to prepare joint Management plan for the areas identified for the

purpose.

2) VFC/EDC & KFD to conduct planning, protection, conservation and development of

degraded forest areas and other Government wastelands included in the Joint

Management plan.

3) Both VFC/EDC & KFD to perform its duties and responsibilities as per MOU and Joint

Management Plan and play an important role in the Management of JFPM areas.



4) The VFC/EDC & KFD to play an important role in the development of any

Government land included for JFPM purpose.

5) The VFC/EDC & KFD to play an important role in enriching the forests by preventing

encroachments, forest fires, illicit cuttings, smuggling of forest produce and poaching of

wild animals and regulating grazing and such other functions which are needed to

develop forest resources.

6) There should be a conscious attempt to ensure that the benefits from JFPM areas go to

the people not as a philanthropic gesture from benevolent donor but as a token of

gratitude for responsible and honourable partnership in forest management and related

activities.

7) The rotation age of fuel wood plantations raised in JFPM area is as follows:

a) For Eucalyptusplantations – 14 years;

b) For Acacia auculiformis plantations – 20 years;

c) For Casuarina plantations – 10 years.

Devarakadus have to be demarcated properly as per the order under which they have

been constituted in the past and encroachments if any have to be evicted. The Village Forest

Committees in a more scientific and systematic way may manage these areas as per the

existing Government Orders so that the unique bio-diversity of these areas may be preserved.

The Devarakadus are thickly wooded areas. Previously these were attached to temples

and were looked after by village community. The total area of Devarakadus (including

Ambala and Mandu) in Virajpet division is about 1601.67 ha. The extent and distribution of

Devarakadu (including Ambala and Mandu) are given in the following table–

Table – 32: Rangewise extent of Devarakadu including Ambala and Mandu

Sl.No. Name of the Range Extent in ha

1 Virajpet 752.90

2 Ponnampet 717.67

3 Thithimathi 109.27

4 Mundrote 21.83

Total : 1601.67

Survey and demarcation and consolidation of sacred groves preferably through

digging CPT should be completed during the plan period.



8.5 - Grazing

Grazing is an important biotic factor that causes a lot of damage to the forests of the

division. Uncontrolled grazing by large herds of unproductive cattle far beyond the carrying

capacity of the forests has put a lot of pressure on the forests. During summer season it also

causes fire problem in forests, as the grazers intentionally or accidentally set fire to forests.

Therefore, it is recommended to restrict grazing in the forests. Grazing may be allowed in

older plantation areas. However, all the regeneration areas have to be closed till the

regeneration is fully established. Grass cutting in these areas may be allowed on headloads

free of charge. People may be advised to switch over from local breed of cattle to improved

breed and they should be encouraged to stall feed their cattle.

8.6 - Fire Protection

Fire is a more serious problem in the moist and dry deciduous forests of Thithimathi

range than in the evergreen and semi-evergreen areas of Makut and Mundrote ranges. But fire

in the grasslands in the evergreen and semi-evergreen zone also causes damage to the Shola

forests. Ground fires, which are common, cause substantial damage to the ground flora and

fauna and to the regeneration. Due to recent gregarious flowering of bamboo, large quantity

of dry bamboo materials have accumulated in the forest making the forests in the division

more vulnerable for fire. The dead and fallen material of valuable trees also gets burnt due to

ground fire. It is always better to take preventive measures to check the outbreak of fire

instead of allowing it to happen and then trying to extinguish it. Re-clearing and fire tracing

work along the demarcation lines and other fire lines should be completed by the end of

December. The Sholas, which are susceptible to repeated fires from the adjoining grasslands,

should be identified and fire tracing around these should be completed well in time. Fire

sensitive areas should be marked on the range and division maps. Watch towers may be

constructed at vantage points and fire patrol parties should be stationed there to take prompt

action in the event of occurrence of any fire in the area. Special care needs to be taken in the

regeneration areas. All incidence of fire should be reported to the Deputy Conservator of

Forests and burnt areas should be marked on map. All such cases should be investigated to

take further necessary action in the matter.



8.7 - Petty fellings

In exceptional circumstances to meet the departmental demand and research needs,

petty fellings can be done provided the number of trees do not exceed 5 in each case. Cases in

which the number exceeds 5 prior permission must be obtained from the Chief Conservator

of Forests (Working Plan).

8.8 - Research plots

The research plot trials are found in two locations in Tithimathi range. In addition to

that there are two permanent Linear Tree Increment (LTI) plots in Kerti Reserved Forests of

Makut Range. These are under the control of Conservator of Forests, Research, Madikeri.

Any operation in those areas and record keeping shall be done by the research wing, Madikeri

only. The list of research plots and other details are given in Annexure XXX.

8.9 - Buildings

New buildings for administrative convenience should be taken up by the division

depending on the availability of funds and needs. The existing buildings including forest rest

houses should be maintained. The details are given in Annexure XXXI.

8.10 - Farm Forestry

Planting in private lands/ farm forestry should be encouraged. Seedlings required by

the farmers should be got raised locally by providing necessary technical guidance and

assistance to them. Growing trees in the private lands will reduce pressure on forests and

therefore this activity should be encouraged and supported wholeheartedly. The farm

forestry program should be expeditiously implemented under various schemes like a NREGS,

‗Krishi Protsaha Yojana‘ etc.

8.11 - Application of Forest Management information system (FMIS)

Development of FMIS is essential to make timely and pertinent information available

for decision making which in turn is helpful for effective forest protection and management.

FMIS implementation may follow a four-pronged approach: (a) building up the capability of

staff to use and manage information; (b) facilitating the flow of information (c) mainstreaming

the use of information technology(IT), particularly database management systems, Geographic

information Systems (GIS) and internet connectivity; and (d) increasing the availability of key

reference data sets, such as an updated forest inventory. Emphasis has to be given to develop



FMIS and use effectively during the plan period. Forest boundary digitalization should be

completed during the first 3 years of the working plan period.

8.12 – Biodiversity Conservation

Assessment of status of plant and faunal species and their periodic monitoring can be

helpful in formulating strategies for conservation, maintenance and enhancement of overall

biodiversity thorough sustainable management and use practices. Assessment of biodiversity

especially the lower forms of life (algae, fungi, lichens, epiphytes, parasites, etc.) of a forest

division must be made an on-going programme with the support from State Biodiversity Board

during the plan period. Observations of interest may be recorded regularly to keep the track of

the dynamics of various factors, which are responsible, either for its current state or any change

(progressive/retrogressive) in the area.

8.13 – Afforestation and management of grassy blanks

There is not much scope for afforestation in the division as most of the area is already

under one or other type of vegetation. Therefore separate afforestation working circle has

not been proposed. The regeneration works which are required for the rehabilitation of

degraded forests or enrichment of the existing growing stock in the forest have already been

prescribed in the concerned working circles. Further, most of the grassy blanks in the

division are in the semi-evergreen or evergreen zone. As these grassy blanks are a part of the

existing vegetation in the locality, no planting work has been proposed in these areas.

Moreover, as these grassy blanks are excellent wildlife habitats, these can be maintained as

such. The only special measure to be taken in these areas is very intensive fire protection.

8.14 – Petty removal of dead and fallen trees

Some quantity of dead and fallen materials of Teak and Andaman Padak trees from

older plantations are available in an extent of about 10 ha area around Makut Forest Rest

House in compartment No. 30 of Kerti Reserved Forests. Such dead and fallen trees may be

removed after marking assessing strictly following the procedure. While removing the

materials, there should not be any damage to existing vegetation and regeneration. Only old

extraction paths should be used for carting the material.



CHAPTER IX.

9.1 - General Financial Forecast and Financial Plan of operation

Various management prescriptions have been made in different chapters under each

working circle for achieving the goal and objectives of forest management. Adequate budget

provision is required to implement the prescriptions in letter and spirit.

Since 1991, felling of green trees has been banned except in the case of thinning and

harvesting of mature trees in fuelwood and teak plantations. In case of natural forest, only

dead, fallen and wild elephant-damaged trees are allowed to be removed. In the present

scenario, the forest is not looked up on as major revenue source but as important contributor in

providing ecological and hydrological services.

In this chapter, attempts have been made to make assessment of expected revenue and

estimated expenditure required for implementing the prescriptions made under different

working circles and for carrying out other plan and non-plan activities in the division. Required

estimated expenditure has to be met from the available funds under various schemes provided

by the State Government and the Central Government.

9.2 – Protection working circle

Total area under this circle is 26291.342 hectare. Various activities like gap-planting,

seed sowing, removal of invasive weeds like Lantana, soil and moisture conservation work and

tending works have been prescribed in different blocks during the plan period.

Estimated expenditure:

The estimated expenditure for implementation of the prescribed works is about

Rs.412.66 lakhs. The year wise estimated expenditure required during the plan period is given

in table-33.

Table:33: Estimated expenditure under protection working circle

Particulars of activities

Requirement of budget under PWC for 10 years with effect from 2014-2015 to 2023-2024 in lakhs

Total 2014-2015

2015-2016

2016-2017

2017-2018

2018-2019

2019-2020

2020-2021

2021- 2022

2022-2023

2023-2024

Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin Fin

Maintenance of anti smuggling camps (2 camps for the year 2014-15 and 2015-16 and there after 8 camps per year)

2.90 8.00 35.20 38.72 42.56 46.80 51.44 56.56 62.16 68.32 412.66



9.3 - Improvement working circle

Total area under this circle is 4864.792 hectare. Uner this working circle, extraction of

dead and fallen trees from specified forest blocks will be taken up. Improvement works like

gap planting, seed sowing, removal of invasive weeds like Lantana, soil and moisture

conservation work and tending works have been prescribed in different blocks during the plan

period.

Estimated expenditure and revenue

The estimated expenditure for implementation of the prescribed works is about

Rs.1055.649 lakhs. The expected revenue from the sale of timber and firewood due to

salvaging operations is estimated as is Rs. 1193.021 Lakhs. The year wise estimated

expenditure and revenue projected during the plan period is given in Table-34.

Sl no.


Requirement of budget under IWC for 10 years with effect from 2014-2015 to 2023-2024 in lakhs

Total 2014-2015

2015-2016

2016-2017

2017-2018

2018-2019

2019-2020

2020-2021

2021- 2022

2022-2023

2023-2024


1

Gap Planting under ANR (Supplementary model) - 50 ha. each year

35.64 56.16 70.14 84.014 99.992 109.980 120.978 133.06 143.36 76.98 930.304

Table: 35__: Expected expenditure and revenue applying the yield restrictions during the plan period 2014-15 to 2023-24

Year

Expected quantity of timber (in cum)

Expected expenditure from timber extraction

(Rs. in Lakhs.)

Total expenditure (Rs. in Lakhs.)

Expected Revenue from timber

extraction (Rs. in Lakhs.)

2014-15 427.50 14.962 14.962 42.750

2015-16 351.58 13.544 13.544 38.673

2016-17 351.80 14.899 14.899 42.567

2017-18 351.80 16.394 16.394 46.789

2018-19 281.50 14.427 14.427 41.183

2019-20 330.50 18.624 18.624 53.177

2020-21 1129.50 7.003 7.003 199.921

2021-22 1129.50 7.703 7.703 219.913

2022-23 1129.50 8.471 8.471 241.938

2023-24 1129.50 9.318 9.318 266.110

Total 6612.68 125.345 125.345 1193.021



Note: The above estimated expenditure and expected revenue is only approximate based on the

quantity of timber and firewood assessed on the basis of number of trees per ha found during

inventory work.

9.4 - Teak Working Circle

Total area under this circle is 2309.04 hectare. Under this working circle, silvicultral

thinning of older teak plantations have been recommended. Also extraction of elephant

damaged trees and dead and fallen trees from the specified plantations have been suggested.

Expected revenue and estimated expenditure:The expected revenue from the sale of

timber and firewood due to thinning operations of older plantations is about Rs.172.236 Lakhs

(Table – 39) and estimated expenditure is about Rs.72.680 Lakhs as shown in Table-36

below.

Table: 36__: Expected yield after applying the yield restrictions during the plan period 2014-15 to 2023-24

Year

Expected quantity

of timber

(in cum)

Expected quantity of firewood (in cum)

Expected expenditure from timber

extraction (Rs. in Lakhs)

Expected expenditure

from firewood

(Rs. in Lakhs)

Total expenditure

(Rs. in Lakhs)

Expected Revenue

from timber

extraction (Rs. In Lakhs)

Expected Revenue

from firewood

(Rs. in Lakhs)

Total Revenue

(Rs. in Lakh.)

2014-15 - - - - - - - -

2015-16 117.48 176.22 4.523 1.410 5.933 11.748 2.643 14.391

2016-17 80.875 121.315 3.425 1.067 4.492 8.896 2.002 10.898

2017-18 122.550 183.830 5.710 1.783 7.493 14.792 3.336 18.128

2018-19 93.245 139.865 4.778 1.490 6.268 12.410 2.790 15.2

2019-20 146.225 219.290 8.240 2.565 10.805 21.392 4.813 26.205

2020-21 153.550 230.325 9.520 2.960 12.48 24.706 5.563 30.269

2021-22 79.470 119.205 5.419 1.686 7.105 14.066 3.164 17.23

2022-23 92.875 139.31 6.965 2.166 9.131 14.082 4.067 18.149

2023-24 82.965 124.455 6.845 2.128 8.973 17.771 3.995 21.766

Total 969.235 1453.815 125.345 17.255 72.680 139.863 32.373 172.236

Note: The above estimated expenditure and expected revenue is only approximate based on the

quantity of timber and firewood assessed on the basis of number of trees per ha found during

inventory work.



9.5 - Bamboo Working Circle: The total area under this circle is 4864.792 hectare.

Different operations like engaging fire watchers, raising of bamboo seedbeds, raising of

bamboo plantations and SMC works have been proposed under this working circle. The

estimated expenditure Rs.224.191 lakhs.

Table –37: Requirement of budget for improvement of bamboo areas for the plan period

Sl no.


Estimated expenditure in lakhs Amount in lakhs

2014-2015

2015-2016

2016-2017

2017-2018

2018-2019

2019-2020

2020-2021

2021- 2022

2022-2023

2023-2024


1 Engaging watch & ward for 4 months Jan, Feb, Mar & April (in numbers @ the rate of 1 watcher /100 ha.) Area – 4864.792 ha.

7.771 8.548 9.703 10.673 11.74 12.914 14.206 15.626 17.189 18.908 127.278

3 Raising of Bamboo Plantations

4.00 5.775 7.015 8.443 9.288 10.223 11.243 12.364 13.601 14.961 96.913

Total: 11.771 14.323 16.718 19.116 21.028 23.137 25.449 27.99 30.79 33.869 224.191

9.6 – NTFP : The total area under this circle is 6466.429 hectare.The expected revenue to the

LAMPS will be about Rs.16.00 lakhs per annum.

9.7 - Wild Life Management working circle

Under this working circle Activities like construction of wild animals barriers, creation

of water facility and improvement of habitat etc., have been proposed to reduce human

elephant conflict. The estimated expenditure under this working circle are approximately

Rs.2047.40 lakhs.

Miscellaneous Regulations:

Forest land consolidation and Management: The estimated expenditure is about

Rs.60.91 lakhs during the plan period for consolidation of forest land.

Sandalwood management: The estimated expenditure is about Rs.169.43 lakhs during the

plan period for regeneration of sandalwood.

9.8. - Fire protection: The estimated cost for carrying out forest fire protection works is

Rs.111.41 Lakhs given in table below.



Table- 38: Requirement of budget for fire protection.

Amount in lakhs

Sl no.


Year wise requirement of budget Total 2014-

15 2015-16

2016-17

2017-18

2018-19

2019-20

2020-21 2021-22

2022-23

2023-24


1 Requirement of fire watcher for 4 months (December, January, Febraury & March) in numbers

7.00 7.70 8.47 9.31 10.24 11.26 12.38 13.61 14.97 16.47 111.41

9.9 - Summary of financial forecast

Summary of budgeting for estimated expenditure and expected revenue during the plan

period (2014-15 to 2023-24) under different working circle is given in table below. The

estimated total expenditure is calculated as Rs. 10808.436 Lakhs and expected revenue is

calculated as Rs.1525.257 lakhs.

Estimated expenditure and expected revenue during the plan period (2014-15 to 2023-24)

Table- 39:

Sl. No

Name of the working circle

For the revised plan As per previous plan

Expenditure in Lakhs

Revenue in Lakhs

Expenditure in Lakhs

Revenue in Lakhs

1 Establishment 6654.115 - 892.945 -

2 Protection working circle 412.66 - - -

3 Improvement working circle

1055.649 1193.021 187.615 -

4 Teak working circle 72.680 172.236 307.44 1702.20

5 Bamboo Working Circle 224.191 - 245.359 286.56

6 Miscellaneous Regulation

NTFP Management - 160.000 - 55.00

Wild Life management 2047.40 - - -

Fire Protection 111.410 - 30.00 -

Forest land consolidation and Management

60.91 - - -

Sandalwood management 169.43 - 14.10 -

Total: 10808.436 1525.257 1677.459 2043.76

Summary of yearwise budgeting for estimated expenditure and expected revenue

during the plan period is given in the table - 62 below. In calculating the estimated expenditure,

escalation rate for every year has been considered while the expected revenue has been

calculated based on present rate only.



Year wise estimated expenditure and expected revenue projected during the plan period.

Table – 40:

Sl.

No Years

For the revised plan

Estimated expenditure in lakhs Expected revenue in

lakhs

1 2014-15 350.570 58.750

2 2015-16 841.177 69.064

3 2016-17 1321.103 69.465

4 2017-18 1281.040 80.917

5 2018-19 1258.909 72.383

6 2019-20 992.448 95.382

7 2020-21 1065.793 246.190

8 2021-22 1157.336 253.143

9 2022-23 1261.602 276.087

10 2023-24 1278.467 303.876

Total: 10808.436 1525.257



CHAPTER X.

ESTABLISHMENT AND LABOUR

10.1 -Optimum strength of staff both in executive and ministerial level is required for efficient

management of a division. Though the biotic interference in forest and human animal conflict

haveincreased considerably over period of time, the strength in frontline staff has not increased

proportionately to meet the challenges. Due to loss of habitat and elephant corridor human

elephant conflict has increased in the division bordering to Nagarahole National Park and

Brahmagiri and Talacauvery Wildlife Sacntuaries. Under such circumstances, it is essential to

increase the strength of forest guards and watchers to mitigate such problems. Therefore, it is

proposed to reorganize few existing beats in high human and elephant conflict zone of the

division as given in the table below.Fourteen additional beats and 68 additional requirements of

permanent watchers have been proposed.

Table – 41: TABLE SHOWING THE PROPOSAL FOR RE-ORGANISATION OF FOREST BEATS IN VIRAJPET DIVISION

Sl No

Range Section

No of Exisiting Forest

Beats

Beats Guards Forest Watcher

Name of the Exisiting Beat

Area of the

Exisiting Beat (Ha)

Additional Beats

Proposed

No of Permanen

t Forest Watchers existing in the beat

Additional No of

Permanent Forest

Watchers Proposed

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 Makut Kurat 2 1 Kurat 832.65 - 1 1

2 Porthotu 633.93 - - 1

2 Makut Udumbe 3

1 Yalapare 826.83 - - 2

2 Udumbe-I 323.53 - 1 -

3 Udumbe-II 342.13 - - 1

3 Makut Koolimakki 3

1 Panjaramakki 560.04 - - 1

2 Thenangaya 891.26 - - 2

3 Koolimakki 739.10 - - 1

4 Makut Matre 3

1 Matre-I 995.40 - 1 1

2 Matre-II 669.35 - 1 -

3 Kalangi 625.00 - - 1

5 Makut Arabithattu 3 1 Arabithattu-I 688.34 - - 1



2 Arabithattu-II 710.44 - - 1

3 Arabithattu-III 923.00 - - 2

6 Makut Watekolly 2

1 Watekolly-I 1041.00 - - 2

2 Watekolly-II - - 1

7 Makut Makut 1 1 Makut 1622.00 1 - 2

8 Mundrote Meenancherr

y 2

1 Kottanjeri 971.70 - - 2

2 Meenancherr

y 625.87 - 1 1

9 Mundrote Mundrote 1 1 Mundrote 782.10 - - 2

10 Mundrote Murukumotte 1 1 Murukumotte 1214.29 1 1 1

11 Mundrote Baikabbe-I 2

1 Mombail 703.61 - - 1

2 Baikabbe-I 688.16 - 1 1

12 Mundrote Baikabbe-II 2

1 Baikabbe-II 829.50 - 1 1

2 Angarakolly 886.32 - - 1

13 Mundrote Cheekad 3

1 Benjeri 1204.50 1 1 1

2 Cheekad 925.71 - - 1

3 Karimalai 957.15 - 1 -

14 Thithimathi Thithimathi 3

1 Singanur 1004.40 - 1 1

2 Devamachi 2062.40 1 - 4

3 Hebbale 1170.80 - - 3

15 Thithimathi Chennagi 2 1 Chennagi 756.00 - 1 1

2 Gaddige 2292.80 1 - 4

16 Ponnampet V Badaga 1 1 V Badaga 6158.77 - 1 1

17 Ponnampet Ponnampet 1 1 Ponnampet 8750.00 1 - 2

2 Nallur 7626.20 1 - 2

18 Ponnampet Kutta 2 1 Kutta

10248.08

1 - 2

2 Kanoor 8100.00 1 - 2

19 Ponnampet Hudikeri 2 1 Hudikeri 6845.09 - - 1

2 Birunani 7660.00 1 - 2

20 Virajpet Virajpet 1 1 Virajpet 8408.09 - - 2



21 Virajpet Ammathy 2

1 Siddapur 7852.40 1 - 2

2 Ammathy 5850.00 - 1 1

22 Virajpet Heggala 1 1 Heggala 6885.12 1 - 2

23 Virajpet Cheyandane 1 1 Cheyandane 8044.34 1 - 2

24 GTD Thithimathi 1 1 - - 1 3 2

Total : 14 17 68

In addition to the above, fifteen additional posts of Deputy Range Forest Officer and twelve

posts of additional ministerial staff have been proposed as shown in table given below.

Table – 42: STATEMENT SHOWING THE REQUIREMENT OF ADDITIONAL POSTS FOR DIFFERENT CADRES (FIELD STAFF

AND MINISTERIAL STAFF) AT DIVISIONAL LEVEL.

Sl No

Designation Sanctioned

posts Additional

posts proposed Remarks

1 2 3 4 5

1 ACFs 2 -

2 RFOs 7 -

3 Ministerial Staff

Manager 1 -

Suptds 1 -

FDA 8 1 Required for Virajpet Sub-division office.

SDA 10 -

Steno - 1 Required for Virajpet division office. A.S.O. - 1

IInd grade – Surveyor 1 -

Typist - 8 Required for Range

offices and sub-division offices.

4 Group D 9 1 Required for Virajpet Sub-division office.

5 Deputy Range Forest Officer 39 15

6 Drivers 3 -

7 Forest Guards 68 14

8 Forest Watchers 17 68



CHAPTER XI

CONTROL AND RECORDS

11.1 - The maintenance of records in the division needs improvement. The old records

regarding release, lease and de- notification of state forest which are not presently available

in the division should be procured from different other sources like Revenue Department

Office and Archives. The importance of maintaining various details concerning the working

plan prescriptions and regulation of work as per the working plan need be properly

emphasised. It is necessary to maintain various Forms with regard to the execution of

different works in the division as prescribed in the Karnataka Forest Code and the Karnataka

Forest Account Code. The control records as given in the concerned working circles should

be maintained scrupulously. Deputy Conservator of Forests should be primarily responsible

to ensure the receipt of all the periodical reports and returns from the Range Forest Officers

and for the further compilation and maintenance of these in his office. This information will

not only be necessary for systematic working in the division as per rules and procedure but

also for better planning of works in future in the division.

As per the Karnataka Forest Code, 1976, the following control records will be

prepared and maintained by the territorial DCF.

i. Control book

ii. Record book

iii. Control journal

iv. Control maps

v. Register of deviations from the working plan

vi. Register of statements of sanctioned working plan

The division should have division map on 1:250000 scales, range map on 1:50000

scales and beat map on 1:10000 or 1:7920 scales on topo sheet. The territorial DCF will

annually make entries in his copy of the control forms and send these together with the

deviation statements in triplicate to the working plan CF through the territorial CF. The

working plan conservator will send three copies of deviations statement to the PCCF(HOF)

through the CCF (WP) for sanction.

The control forms should be submitted by the territorial DCF to the territorial CF on

or before 1st December and the latter should send them to the working plan CF on or before

January each year.



11.2 - Deviation:

As per Karnataka Forest Code, 1976 in Para 45, it is stated that ― When a Working

plan has received the sanction of government, no deviation shall take place from its

prescriptions‖.

As per Para 83 & 84 of National Working Plan Code, 2004. ―all deviations, which

permanently alter the basis of management laid down in a working plan, will require prior

sanction of the PCCF. All deviations, which do not permanently alter the basis of

management and with the necessity of which he agrees, may be approved and sanctioned by

the Working Plan Conservator on behalf of the PCCF. In case where there is difference of

opinion between the Working Plan Conservator and the Territorial Conservator, the former

will refer them to the PCCF for instructions. The PCCF/CF WP, as the case may be. Will

countersign the deviation statement. Minor deviations can be sanctioned at the level of the

CF Working Plan or the PCCF as the case may be; but the PCCF, before sanctioning the

major deviations of following nature, will necessarily take prior approval of the Regional

CCF of the Ministry of Environment & Forests‖.

i. Change in silvicultural system;

ii. Clear felling of natural forest;

iii. Formation of new felling series; and

iv. Large scale felling due to natural calamities, which cannot be adjusted against

future yield.

Deviation occurred due to fire or any sudden accident necessitating a sudden change

of the plan may be sanctioned by the CF, working plan in anticipation of approval from the

PCCF.

All proposals involving deviation, which require the sanction shall be submitted by

the DCFs through their respective territorial CFs.,

All deviations sanctioned either by the PCCF(HOF) or CF, Working plan should be

intimated to the territorial CF & territorial DCF.The proforma for register of deviation is

given in Appendix-V.



CHAPTER XII.

Summary of Prescriptions

12.1 - Basis of proposal

The Plan deals with the entire territorial division of Virajpet comprising of Virajpet,

Ponnampet, Makut, Mundrote and Thithimathi ranges.

12.2 - General Objects of Management :

1. To maintain environmental stability and ecological balance by adopting measures to

protect, preserve and enrich the existing natural forests with variety of flora and fauna.

2. To apply a system of management which will ensure maximum degree of protection to soil

and maintain the forest cover in good condition.

3. To maintain or improve natural and man made forest structure and growth in non-

degraded areas to ensure long term sustainability of forest production.

4. To rehabilitate and increase the economic value and utility of the degraded forests.


needs of the people, especially the rural and tribal people, living in the vicinity of forests.

6. To encourage tree planting in private lands and to meet the local demand of forest

produce to a great extent from these areas.

7. To create a massive awareness movement and to ensure people's participation and

involvement in all round protection and development of forests.

12.3 - Constitution of Working Circles:

1 Protection working circle.

2 Improvement working circle.

3 Teak plantations management working circle.

4 Bamboo overlapping working circle.

5 Wildlife management overlapping working circle,

6 NTFP overlapping working circle.

7 Miscellaneous regulations – land consolidation, Sandalwood regeneration, JFPM

fire protection etc.,



CHAPTER II.

12.4 - Protection working circle.

This working circle consists of evergreen and semi-evergreen forest areas of

Mundrote and Makut Ranges. This working circle has been prescribed with a view to

affording complete protection to the sensitive forests of the division that are very rich in bio-

diversity.

A brief account the information under this working circle is given in the tabular form

below:

1 Name of the reserved forest included

in the working circle

Padinalknad RF and Kerti RF.

2 Total area under the working circle 26291.342 ha

3 Protection activities Strict protection from fire, encroachment and other

biotic interference and from smuggling will be

provided .

4 Basal area The basal area / ha varies from 11.44 (CPT 44) and

47.12 (CPT 45) in Padinalknad and Kerti RFs

5 Control records 1. Control book

2. Record of work

3. Control journal

4. Control maps



Chapter III.

12.5 - Improvement working circle.

This working circle consists of the deciduous forests of Thithimathi range excluding

the areas under Teak plantations.


below:

1 Name of the reserved forest

included in the working circle

Devamachi and Mavukal RFs and surrounding

paisari lands

2 Total area under the working circle 4864.792 ha.

3 Felling series / improvement works The forests of Thithimathi range excluding the Teak

plantations have been constituted as Thithimathi

improvement series which has been divided into 10

blocks. Only dead and fallen timber will be extracted

from the specified block made year wise.

4 Protection activities Strict protection from fire, biotic interference and

from smuggling will be provided .

5 Regeneration Sowing of seeds, gap planting, uprooting of invasive

weeds like Lantana and Eupatorium, tending &

SMC works have been prescribed. On an average,

100 ha gap planting will be done every year under

supplementary plantations models in the specified

block every year. All such activities have to be done

as per site specific plan (SSP). Natural regeneration

is in adequate.

6 Yield The available dead and fallen material of specified

species have to be harvested.

7 Basal area The basal area / ha varies from 11.36 (CPT 18) and

18.79 (CPT 19) in Devamachi and Mavukal RFs


2. Record of work

3. Control journal

4. Control maps



Chapter IV.

12.6 - Teak Plantation Management Working Circle.


below:



Mavukal and Devamachi RFs (CPT 16, 17, 18 and

19)

2 Total area under the working

circle

2309.04 ha.

3 Exploitable girth and rotation The exploitable girth is 1.65 meter at breast height

with corresponding height 25.65 meter. Rotation

period is 120 years.

4 Thinning 1. First mechanical thinning at the 6th

year

(retaining about 1300-1400 trees/ha).

2. Second mechanical thinning at the 12th

year

(retaining about 700-800 trees /ha).

3. First silvicultural thinning at the 18th

year


4. Second silvicultural thinning at the 30th

year

(retaining about 400 trees /ha).


year


6. An elite thinning at the end of 80th

year

(retaining about 150 trees /ha)

7. Elephant damaged trees may be extracted

every year.

4 Protection activities Strict protection from fire, biotic interference and

from smuggling will be provided

5 Yield Approximate yield assessed basid on the inverntory

result as shown in chapter- IV under teak plantation

working circle.

6 Control: 1. Control book

2. Plantation journal

3. Control map



Chapter V.

12.7 - Bamboo overlapping working circle.


below:



Devamachi and Mavukal RFs and surrounding paisari

lands


circle

4864.792 ha.

3 Felling series / improvement

blocks

No felling is prescribed except removal of dry and dead

bamboos remaining after gregarious flowering. The area

will be improved by providing strict protection.

4 Protection activities Since gregarious flowering has taken place recently in all

the forests of the Division, therefore all the forest areas

have to be strictly protected from fire and grazing.

5 Regeneration Strict fire prevention measures have been recommended.

6 Yield Approximate yield of green and dry bamboo has been

calculated based on the inventory result.


2. Record of work

3. Control journal

4. Control maps



Chapter VI.

12.8–Wildlife Management Overlapping working circle.


below:



All reserved forests of the division and surrounding

paisari lands handed over to forest department.


circle

33465.184ha.

3 Protection activities Since gregarious flowering has taken place recently in all

the forests of the Division, therefore all the forest areas

have to be strictly protected from fire and grazing.

Measures for habitat improvement, barrier construction

have been suggested / prescribed to mitigate human

wildlife conflict.

4 Regeneration Strict fire prevention measures have been recommended.

SMC works and seed sowing activities have been

suggested.


2. Record of work

3. Control journal

4. Control maps



Chapter VII.

12.9 - NTFP Overlapping working circle.


below:

1 Area under the working circle This is an overlapping working circle and includes all

the forest lands including Devarakadus.

35066.817ha comprising of forest and non forests area.

2 Method of sale The Forest Dwelling Tribals living in and around the

forests will be allowed to collect NTFP as per the

prevailing Forest Right Act. The LAMPS, Thithimathi

will also be allowed to collect and sale NTFP with

certain conditions.In JFPM areas, the VFCs should be

allowed to collect NTFP and the sale proceeds is to be

shared between VFC and KFD as per the prevailing

Govt. order.

3 Control records Record of yield, control of works as prescribed in the

concerned appendix should be maintained.



Chapter VIII

12.9 - Miscellaneous regulations.

This chapter details with various regulations like forest land consolidations and

management, wildlife management, sandalwood management, social forestry plantations

management, Joint Forest Planning and Management, grazing, fire protection, maintenance of

roads and bridges, maintenance of buildings and communication, maintenance etc. Under

forest land consolidation and management, fixing of cairns / concrete pillars along the forest

boundary abutting private land and Kerala state boundary has been prescribed. Under

sandalwood management, 50 ha block of forest in Thithimathi range will be developed in to a

sandal estate.

Devamachi RF

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Photographs 1 to 6 showing Teak plantations in Devamachi RF of Thithimathi Range.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Photographs 7 to 9 showing Natural Bamboo in Devamachi RF of Thithimathi Range. Photograph 10 Showing Bamboo seeds after flowering of Natural Bamboo.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

Natural Vegetations in Devamachi and Mavukal Reserved Forests in Thithimathi Range. (Photographs 11 to 18)

19.

Forest Rest House in Thithimathi Range.

20.

Anti-poaching Camp in Thithimathi Range.

21.

Special structure constructed along elephant barrier in forest boundary in Thithimathi Range.

22.

Culvert constructed in Thithimathi Range.

23.

Spiked up and down gate in Thithimathi Range.

24.

EPT in Thithimathi Range.

Kerti RF 25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

Natural Vegetation in Kerti Reserved Forests of Makut Range. (Photographs 25 to 30)

Padinalknad RF 31.

32.

33.

34.

35.

Natural Vegetation in Padinalknad Reserved Forests of Makut Range. (Photographs 31 to 35)

36.

Flowered Bamboo in Padinalknad RF of Mundrot Range.

37.

View of Talcauvery peak from Mundrot FRH.

38.

Natural reeds in Padinalkand RF of Mundrot Range.

39.

Natural cane in Padinalkand RF of Mundrot Range.

40.

Malabar Squirrel in Mundrot Range.

Documents

Virajpet Division Working Plan report from 2014-15 to 2023-24