Virus Taxonomy The ICTV Report on Virus Classiﬁcation and …taxonomy.cvr.gla.ac.uk/PDF/Herelleviridae.pdf · 2020. 10. 4. · Virus Taxonomy The ICTV Report on Virus Classiﬁcation

Virus TaxonomyThe ICTV Report on Virus Classification and Taxon Nomenclature

Herelleviridae Chapter

Herelleviridae

Jakub Barylski, Andrew M. Kropinski, Nabil-Fareed Alikhan, and Evelien M. Adriaenssens

The citation for this ICTV Report chapter is the summary published as Barylski et al., (2020):ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Herelleviridae, Journal of General Virology, 101, 362–363

Corresponding author: Evelien M Adriaenssens ([email protected])Edited by: Andrew M. Kropinski and Stuart G. SiddellPosted: July 2020, updated September 2020

Summary

Members of the family Herelleviridae are bacterial viruses infecting members of the phylum Firmicutes (Table 1.Herelleviridae). In the ninth reportof the ICTV, this group was reported as the genus SPO1-like viruses. The virions have myovirus morphology, i.e., a head-tail structure with along, contractile tail, and an icosahedral head. Genomes are dsDNA of 125–170 kb.

Table 1.Herelleviridae. Characteristics of members of the family Herelleviridae

Characteristic Description

Typicalmember Bacillus phage SPO1 (FJ230960.1), species Bacillus virus SPO1 genus Okubovirus

Virion Head-tail morphology with contractile tail, heads generally isometric with diameters of 85–100 nm showing capsomers,uncontracted tails of 130–185 nm in length

Genome Linear, terminally redundant, non-permuted dsDNA of 125–170 kbp

Replication Phage-encoded DNA polymerase

Translation Bacterial translation

Host range Bacteria of the phylum Firmicutes

Taxonomy Realm Duplodnaviria, kingdom Heunggongvirae, phylum Uroviricota, class Caudoviricetes, order Caudovirales, 5 subfamilies,19 genera and 82 species

Virion

Morphology

Virions have isometric, icosahedral heads of 85–100 nm in diameter. The heads show clear capsomers, i.e. the subunits of the capsid arearranged in pentons and hexons that are assembled into the isometric, icosahedral capsid. The uncontracted tails are 130–185 nm in length. Thetails have a baseplate of approximately 60 nm and a small collar (Table 1.Herelleviridae, Figure 1.Herelleviridae).

InternationalCommitteeonTaxonomyofViruses(ICTV)-www.ictv.global

www.ictv.global/report/herelleviridae 1

http://www.ictv.globalhttp://www.ictv.global/reporthttps://www.ictv.global/report/herelleviridaehttps://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.001392https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.001485https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.001392

Figure 1.Herelleviridae. Transmission electron micrograph of Bacillus phage phiAGATE, a member of the family Herelleviridae (subfamilyBastillevirinae). Virions were concentrated from bacteria-free lysates and stained with 2% uranyl acetate. Negatively-stained phage particleswere visualized using a JEOL JEM-1400 transmission electron microscope at 120 kV.

Physicochemical and physical properties

Bacillus phage SPO1 buoyant density in CsCl is 1.54 g/cm .

Nucleic acid

The genomes of herelleviruses consist of linear dsDNA with long terminal repeats of 3–16 kbp ( Perkus and Shub 1985, Klumpp et al., 2008,Łobocka and Szybalski 2012). Genomes are of 125–170 kbp. tRNAs are encoded by some members. The genome of Bacillus phage SPO1 hasthymidine replaced with 5-hydroxymethyluridine and this modification or a similar one could be present in all members of the family (Okubo et al.,1972, Parker and Eiserling 1983, Klumpp et al., 2010).

Proteins

The virion of Bacillus phage SPO1 comprises at least 35 proteins as judged from electropherograms of purified particles ( Parker and Eiserling1983).

Lipids

No lipids reported.

Carbohydrates

No carbohydrates reported.

Genome organization and replication

The genomes of herelleviruses are linear dsDNA with long terminal repeats of various lengths. Genomes are of 125–170 kbp and encode 165–301genes, including 0–24 tRNAs. For Bacillus phage SPO1, the majority of the coding sequences are in the same orientation; two islands encodinghypothetical proteins are transcribed from the opposite strand (Figure 2.Herelleviridae). The terminal repeat of SPO1 contain a host-takeovermodule involved in phage propagation. Transcription is mediated by phage-encoded sigma factors that co-opt the host RNA polymerase (Stewartet al., 2009). Introns have been identified in a number of herellevirus genomes ( Goodrich-Blair et al., 1990, Lavigne and Vandersteegen 2013).

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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3928902https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18567664https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22748816https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4628367https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6827651https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20714761https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6827651https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19285085https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2119891https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1287/references-herelleviridae

Figure 2.Herelleviridae. Genome organisation of Bacillus phage SPO1, the typical member of the family Herelleviridae. The terminal repeatarea is indicated with a blue arc, structural modules with a cyan arcs. The predicted coding sequences on the plus-strand are in purple, those onthe minus-strand in teal. The five predicted tRNAs are indicated in black. This figure was generated with BRIG (Alikhan et al., 2011).

Table 2.Herelleviridae. Core genes with predicted functions shared among all members of the family*

Gene Prokaryotic virus orthologous group numberDnaB-like helicase VOG0025, VOG4691baseplate J-like protein VOG4644tail sheath protein VOG0067terminase large subunit (intron-invaded) VOG0051major capsid protein VOG0061prohead protease VOG4568portal protein VOG4556DNA primase VOG4551DNA polymerase I VOG0668RNA polymerase VOG0118recombination exonuclease VOG4575recombination endonuclease VOG0083tail tape measure protein VOG0069tail tube protein VOG0068

* at a 50% amino acid sequence identity threshold at minimum 50% gene coverage or by prokaryotic Virus Orthologous Group (pVOG)analysis (Barylski et al., 2020)

Biology

The phages belonging to this family are reported to be obligately lytic, but some may be able to cause persistent infection, pseudolysogenicinfection or a carrier state (Schuch and Fischetti 2009, Yuan et al., 2015). Herelleviruses infect bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes andhave a worldwide distribution.

Derivation of names

Herelleviridae – named in honour of the 100 anniversary of the discovery of bacteriophages by Félix d’ Hérelle in 1917.

Subfamily demarcation criteria

Subfamilies (Table 3.Herelleviridae) are identified as well-supported monophyletic groups based on phylogenetic analysis of concatenated coregene markers and single core genes (Figure 3.Herelleviridae). Within a subfamily, members are 20–25% identical in translated nucleotide contentas calculated with the tBLASTx algorithm. Between members of different subfamilies, there is little to no nucleotide sequence identity across thegenome length.

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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21824423https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31127947https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19672290https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25344242

Table 3.Herelleviridae. The subfamilies of Herelleviridae.

Subfamily Genera Host Genome (kbp) Terminal repeats*Bastillevirinae 7 Bacillus sp. 146–167 LongBrockvirinae 2 Enterococcus sp. 140–155 NDJasinkavirinae 1 Listeria monocytogenes 131–138 NDSpounavirinae 2 Bacillus sp. 132–146 LongTwortvirinae 7 Staphylococcus and Lactobacillus 135–150 ND

*ND Not Determined for all members

Genus demarcation criteria

The Herelleviridae genera are well-supported monophyletic clades in genome-based phylogenies and in (concatenated) marker genephylogenies. Members of the genus share at least 60% nucleotide identity across the genome length. The genome organisation is conserved.Members of the same genus generally infect members of the same bacterial genus.

Species demarcation criteria

The species demarcation criteria are the same for all species within this family. Members of the same species are more than 95% identical ingenome nucleotide sequence, including the terminal repeat region. Phages with genomes that differ in more than 5% are assigned to differentspecies.

Relationships within the family

Phylogenetic analysis of 10 core gene products shared among all herelleviruses ( Barylski et al., 2020) has identified five subfamilies, 19 generaand 82 species, of which three species have not been assigned to a genus or subfamily (Figure 3.Herelleviridae). The relationships are largelyconserved in single marker gene phylogenies, however, shuffling between subfamilies has been observed for the tail tube protein (Barylski et al.,2020).



https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31127947https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31127947

Figure 3.Herelleviridae. Phylogenetic analysis of members of the family Herelleviridae. Amino acid sequences of the major capsid proteins ofall herelleviruses exemplar isolates were downloaded from NCBI. Amino acid sequences were aligned with MAFFT (Katoh and Standley 2013)and trimmed with TrimAl using the gappyout setting (Capella-Gutiérrez et al., 2009). The displayed maximum likelihood tree was generated withthe IQ-TREE pipeline including ModelFinder (Katoh and Standley 2013, Kalyaanamoorthy et al., 2017) and rooted at midpoint. Ultrafastboostraps (UFBOOT) scores out of 100 indicate branch support (Kalyaanamoorthy et al., 2017). Coloured circles indicate members of the samegenus, while black circles are asssigned to a speces but not a genus. * The genus Harbinvirus was mistakenly assigned to thesubfamily Twortvirinae; the Taxonomic Proposal 2020.072B.N.V1.Herelleviridae has been submitted to the ICTV to change it to an orphan genusin the family. This phylogenetic tree and corresponding sequence alignment are available to download from the Resources page.

Relationships with other taxa

Herelleviruses share morphological similarity with other myoviruses, i.e. bacteriophages with long contractile tails.

Species unassigned to a subfamily



https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23329690https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19505945https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23329690https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28481363https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28481363https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1285/resources-herelleviridae

★ Exemplar isolate of the speciesSpecies Virus name Isolate Accession number RefSeq number Available sequence Virus Abbrev.

★ Brochothrix virus A9 Brochothrix phage A9 HM242243 NC_015253 Complete genome★ Lactobacillus virus Lb338-1 Lactobacillus phage Lb338-1 FJ822135 NC_012530 Complete genome★ Lactobacillus virus LP65 Lactobacillus phage LP65 AY682195 NC_006565 Complete genome

Virus names, the choice of exemplar isolates, and virus abbreviations, are not official ICTV designations.

Member taxa

BastillevirinaeAgatevirusBastillevirusBequatrovirusCaeruleovirusNitunavirusTsarbombavirusWphvirusBrockvirinaeKochikohdavirusSchiekvirusJasinkavirinaePecentumvirusSpounavirinaeOkubovirusSiminovitchvirusTwortvirinaeBaoshanvirusHarbinvirusKayvirusSciuriunavirusSepunavirusSilviavirusTwortvirus



https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/HM242243https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_015253https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/FJ822135https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_012530https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AY682195https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_006565https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1267/subfamily-bastillevirinaehttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1268/genus-agatevirushttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1269/genus-bastillevirushttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1270/genus-bequatrovirushttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1271/genus-caeruleovirushttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1272/genus-nitunavirushttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1273/genus-tsarbombavirushttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1274/genus-wphvirushttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1275/subfamily-brockvirinaehttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1276/genus-kochikohdavirushttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1381/genus-schiekvirushttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1277/subfamily-jasinkavirinaehttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1278/genus-pecentumvirushttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1264/subfamily-spounavirinaehttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1265/genus-okubovirushttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1266/genus-siminovitchvirushttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1279/subfamily-twortvirinaehttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1378/genus-baoshanvirushttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1379/genus-harbinvirushttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1280/genus-kayvirushttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1380/genus-sciuriunavirushttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1282/genus-sepunavirushttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1281/genus-silviavirushttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1283/genus-twortvirus

Subfamily: Bastillevirinae

Distinguishing features

Members of this subfamily infect Bacillus sp. including B. cereus, B. subtilis, B. thuringiensis, B. pumilis and B. megatherium. Genomes are of146–167 kbp and have long terminal repeats.

Derivation of names

Bastillevirinae, Bastillevirus: from Bacillus phage Bastille


The Bastillevirinae genera are well-supported monophyletic clades in genome-based phylogenies and in (concatenated) marker genephylogenies. Members of the genera share at least 60% nucleotide identity across the genome length. The genome organisation is conserved.Members of the same genus generally infect members of the same bacterial genus.

Species unassigned to a genus


★ Bacillus virus Mater Bacillus phage Mater KM236245 NC_027366 Complete genome★ Bacillus virus Moonbeam Bacillus phage Moonbeam KM236246 NC_027374 Complete genome★ Bacillus virus SIOphi Bacillus phage SIOphi KC699836 NC_042133 Complete genome


Member taxa

AgatevirusBastillevirusBequatrovirusCaeruleovirusNitunavirusTsarbombavirusWphvirus



https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KM236245https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_027366https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KM236246https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_027374https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KC699836https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_042133https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1268/genus-agatevirushttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1269/genus-bastillevirushttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1270/genus-bequatrovirushttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1271/genus-caeruleovirushttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1272/genus-nitunavirushttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1273/genus-tsarbombavirushttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1274/genus-wphvirus

Genus: Agatevirus


Members of this genus infect Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus pumilis. The type species is Bacillus virus Agate . The non-redundant part of thegenome of the exemplar isolate, Bacillus virus Agate, is approximately 150 kbp, with 210 gene coding sequences as well as 4 encoded tRNAs.

Virion

See discussion under family description.

Genome organisation and replication


Biology

Members of the genus infect Bacillus thuringiensis and B. pumilis.

Derivation of names

Agatevirus: derived from the name of the exemplar isolate, Bacillus phage phiAGATE, of the type species, Bacillus virus Agate.


Members of the same species are more than 95% identical in genome nucleotide sequence, including the terminal repeat region. Phages withgenomes that differ by more than 5% are assigned to different species.

Member species


★ Bacillus virus Agate Bacillus phage phiAGATE JX238501 NC_020081 Complete genome★ Bacillus virus Bobb Bacillus phage Bobb KM051843 NC_024792 Complete genome★ Bacillus virus Bp8pC Bacillus phage Bp8p-C KJ010547 NC_029121 Complete genome

Bacillus virus Bp8pC Bacillus phage Bp8p-T KJ010548 Complete genome




https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Virionhttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Genomehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/JX238501https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_020081https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KM051843https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_024792https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KJ010547https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_029121https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KJ010548

Genus: Bastillevirus


Members of this genus infect Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis. The type species is Bacillus virus Bastille. No terminal repeats have beenreported for these genomes. The genome of the exemplar isolate is 154 kbp, with 273 gene coding sequences as well as 7 encoded tRNAs.

Virion




Biology

Members of the genus infect Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis.

Derivation of names

Bastillevirus: derived from the name of the exemplar isolate, Bacillus phage Bastille, of the type species, Bacillus virus Bastille.



Member species


★ Bacillus virus Bastille Bacillus phage Bastille JF966203 NC_018856 Complete genome★ Bacillus virus CAM003 Bacillus phage CAM003 KJ489397 NC_024216 Complete genome★ Bacillus virus Evoli Bacillus phage Evoli KJ489398 NC_024207 Complete genome★ Bacillus virus HoodyT Bacillus phage Hoody T KJ489400 NC_024205 Complete genome




https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Virionhttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Genomehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/JF966203https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_018856https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KJ489397https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_024216https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KJ489398https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_024207https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KJ489400https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_024205

Genus: Bequatrovirus


Members of this genus infect Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis. The type species is Bacillus virus B4. Terminal repeats have beenreported for some bequatrovirus genomes. The unique sequence of the genome of the exemplar isolate, of the type species is 163 kbp, with 277gene coding sequences. No encoded tRNAs have been reported.

Virion




Biology

Members of the genus infect Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis.

Derivation of names

Bequatrovirus: derived from the name of the exemplar isolate, Bacillus phage B4, of the type species (phonetic B [Be] followed by quatro, derivedfrom Italian for four, quattro).



Member species


★ Bacillus virus AvesoBmore Bacillus phage AvesoBmore KT307976 NC_028887 Complete genome★ Bacillus virus B4 Bacillus phage B4 JN790865 NC_018863 Complete genome

Bacillus virus B4 Bacillus phage B5S JN797796 Complete genome★ Bacillus virus Bigbertha Bacillus phage BigBertha KF669647 NC_022769 Complete genome★ Bacillus virus Riley Bacillus phage Riley KJ489402 NC_024788 Complete genome★ Bacillus virus Spock Bacillus phage Spock KF669662 NC_022763 Complete genome★ Bacillus virus Troll Bacillus phage Troll KF208639 NC_022088 Complete genome




https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Vironhttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Genomehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KT307976https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_028887https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/JN790865https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_018863https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/JN797796https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KF669647https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_022769https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KJ489402https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_024788https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KF669662https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_022763https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KF208639https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_022088

Genus: Caeruleovirus


Members of this genus infect Bacillus cereus and Bacillus megatherium. The type species is Bacillus virus Bc431. The genome of the exemplarisolate of the type species is 159 kbp, with 238 gene coding sequences as well as 21 encoded tRNAs.

Virion




Biology

Members of the genus infect Bacillus cereus and Bacillus megatherium.

Derivation of names

Caeruleovirus: derived by association with the name of one of the member species, Bacillus virus Deepblue, caerulean being a shade of blue.



Member species


★ Bacillus virus Bc431 Bacillus phage vB_BceM_Bc431v3 JX094431 NC_020873 Complete genome★ Bacillus virus Bcp1 Bacillus phage Bcp1 KJ451625 NC_024137 Complete genome★ Bacillus virus BCP82 Bacillus phage BCP8-2 KJ081346 NC_027355 Complete genome★ Bacillus virus BM15 Bacillus phage BM15 KT995480 NC_042140 Complete genome★ Bacillus virus Deepblue Bacillus phage Deep Blue KU577463 NC_031056 Complete genome★ Bacillus virus JBP901 Bacillus phage JBP901 KJ676859 NC_027352 Complete genome




https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Virionhttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Genomehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/JX094431https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_020873https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KJ451625https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_024137https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KJ081346https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_027355https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KT995480https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_042140https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KU577463https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_031056https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KJ676859https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_027352

Genus: Nitunavirus


Members of this genus infect Bacillus subtilis. The type species is Bacillus virus NIT1. Terminal repeats have been reported for some nitunavirusgenomes. The unique sequence of the genome of the exemplar isolate of the type species is 153 kbp, containing terminal repeats of about 4 kbp,with 252 gene coding sequences as well as 3 encoded tRNAs.

Virion




Biology

Members of the genus infect Bacillus subtilis.

Derivation of names

Nitunavirus: derived phonetically from the name of the exemplar isolate, Bacillus phage phiNIT1, of the type species (i.e. nit followed by unameaning one).



Member species


★ Bacillus virus Grass Bacillus phage Grass KF669652 NC_022771 Complete genome★ Bacillus virus NIT1 Bacillus phagephiNIT1 AP013029 NC_021856 Complete genome

★ Bacillus virus SPG24 Bacillus phage SPG24 AB930182 NC_030903 Complete genome




https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Virionhttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Genomehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KF669652https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_022771https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AP013029https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_021856https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AB930182https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_030903

Genus: Tsarbombavirus


Members of this genus infect Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis. The type species is Bacillus virus Tsarbomba. No terminal repeats havebeen reported for tsarbombavirus genomes. The genome of the exemplar isolate of the type species is 156 kbp, with 227 gene coding sequencesas well as 18 encoded tRNAs.

Virion




Biology

Members of the genus infect Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensi.

Derivation of names

Tsarbombavirus: derived from the name of the exemplar isolate, Bacillus phage TsarBomba, of the type species.



Member species


★ Bacillus virus BCP78 Bacillus phage BCP78 JN797797 NC_018860 Complete genomeBacillus virus BCP78 Bacillus phage BCU4 JN797798 Complete genome

★ Bacillus virus TsarBomba Bacillus phage TsarBomba KT224359 NC_028890 Complete genome




https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Virionhttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Genomehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/JN797797https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_018860https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/JN797798https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KT224359https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_028890

Genus: Wphvirus


Members of this genus infect Bacillus cereus. The type species is Bacillus virus WPh. The genome of the exemplar isolate of the type species is157 kbp, with 274 gene coding sequences and no encoded tRNAs.

Virion




Biology

Members of the genus infect Bacillus cereus.

Derivation of names

Wphvirus: derived from the name of the exemplar isolate Bacillus phage W.Ph., of the type species.



Member species


★ Bacillus virus BPS13 Bacillus phage BPS13 JN654439 NC_018857 Complete genome★ Bacillus virus BPS10C Bacillus phage BPS10C KC430106 NC_023501 Complete genome★ Bacillus virus Hakuna Bacillus phage Hakuna KJ489399 NC_024213 Complete genome★ Bacillus virus Megatron Bacillus phage Megatron KJ489401 NC_024211 Complete genome

Bacillus virus Megatron Bacillus phage Eyuki KT207918 Complete genome★ Bacillus virus WPh Bacillus phage W.Ph. HM144387 NC_016563 Complete genome




https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Virionhttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Genomehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/JN654439https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_018857https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KC430106https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_023501https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KJ489399https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_024213https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KJ489401https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_024211https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KT207918https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/HM144387https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_016563

Subfamily: Brockvirinae


Members of this subfamily generally infect Enterococcus sp. with known isolates infecting E. faecalis and E. faecium. Virus genomes are of 140–155 kbp.

Derivation of names

Brockvirinae: named in honour of Thomas D. Brock (1926–), the eminent American microbiologist and educator known for his discovery ofhyperthermophiles, who worked on Streptococcus phages early in his career.


The single genus in the Brockvirinae is a well-supported monophyletic clade in genome-based phylogenies and in (concatenated) marker genephylogenies. Members of the genus share at least 60% nucleotide identity across the genome length, a conserved genome organisation andgenerally infect members of the same bacterial genus.

Member taxa

KochikohdavirusSchiekvirus



https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1276/genus-kochikohdavirushttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1381/genus-schiekvirus

Genus: Kochikohdavirus


Members of this genus infect Enterococcus faecalis. The type species is Enterococcus virus EF24C . The genome of the exemplar isolate of thetype species is 142 kbp, with 221 gene coding sequences as well as 5 encoded tRNAs.

Virion




Biology

Members of the genus infect Enterococcus faecalis.

Derivation of names

Kochikohdavirus: derived from the place of origin of the exemplar isolate, Enterococcus phage phiEF24C, of the type species (isolated in Kohda,Kochi City, Japan).



Member species


★ Enterococcus virus ECP3 Enterococcus phage ECP3 KJ801817 NC_027335 Complete genome★ Enterococcus virus EF24C Enterococcus phage EF24C AP009390 NC_009904 Complete genome

Enterococcus virus EF24C Enterococcus phage phiEF24C-P2 AB609718 Complete genome★ Enterococcus virus EFLK1 Enterococcus phage EFLK1 KR049063 NC_029026 Complete genome




https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Virionhttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Genomehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KJ801817https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_027335https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AP009390https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_009904https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AB609718https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KR049063https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_029026

Genus: Schiekvirus


Members of this genus infect Enterococcus faecalis. The type species is Enterococcus virus EFDG1 . The genome of the exemplar isolate of thetype species is 148 kbp, with 216 gene coding sequences as well as 24 encoded tRNAs.

Virion




Biology

Members of the genus infect Enterococcus faecalis.

Derivation of names

Schiekvirus: named after the German virologist Wolfgang Schiek (Hygiene-Institut, University of Göttingen) who was one of the first scientists towork on Enterococcus phages.



Member species


★ Enterococcus virus EFDG1 Enterococcus phage EFDG1 KP339049 NC_029009 Complete genome★ Enterococcus virus EFP01 Enterococcus phage EFP01 KY549443 NC_047796 Complete genome★ Enterococcus virus EfV12 Enterococcus phage EfV12-phi1 MH880817 NC_048087 Complete genome




https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Virionhttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Genomehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KP339049https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_029009https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KY549443https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_047796https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MH880817https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_048087

Subfamily: Jasinkavirinae


Members of this subfamily generally infect Listeria monocytogenes strains and have genomes of 131–138 kbp.

Derivation of names

Jasinkavirinae: named in honour of Stanisława Jasińska-Lewandowska (1921–1998), a Polish scientist who was one of the first to study Listeriaand their viruses.


The single genus in the Jasinkavirinae is a well-supported monophyletic clade in genome-based phylogenies and in (concatenated) marker genephylogenies. Members of the genus share at least 60% nucleotide identity across the genome length, a conserved genome organisation and infectmembers of the same bacterial genus.

Member taxa

Pecentumvirus



https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1278/genus-pecentumvirus

Genus: Pecentumvirus


The genus description and subfamily description are currently the same, i.e. the subfamily only contains one genus and there are no unassignedspecies.

Members of this genus infect Listeria monocytogenes. The type species is Listeria virus P100. The genome of the exemplar isolate of the typespecies is 131 kbp, with 193 gene coding sequences, as well as 18 encoded tRNAs.

Virion




Biology

Members of the genus infect Listeria monocytogenes.

Derivation of names

Pecentumvirus: derived phonetically from the name of the exemplar isolate, Listeria phage P100, of the type species (“pe” followed by centummeaning 100 in Latin).



Member species


★ Listeria virus A511 Listeria phage A511 DQ003638 NC_009811 Complete genome★ Listeria virus AG20 Listeria phage vB_LmoM_AG20 JQ797329 NC_020871 Complete genome★ Listeria virus List36 Listeria phage List-36 KJ535721 NC_024364 Complete genome★ Listeria virus LMSP25 Listeria phage LMSP-25 KJ535722 NC_024360 Complete genome

Listeria virus LMSP25 Listeria phage LMTA-57 KJ591605 Complete genomeListeria virus LMSP25 Listeria phage LMTA-94 KJ586795 Complete genome

★ Listeria virus LMTA34 Listeria phage LMTA-34 KJ586794 NC_042048 Partial genome★ Listeria virus LMTA148 Listeria phage LMTA-148 KJ591604 NC_024787 Complete genome★ Listeria virus LP048 Listeria phage LP-048 KJ094033 NC_024359 Complete genome★ Listeria virus LP064 Listeria phage LP-064 KJ094029 NC_041862 Complete genome

Listeria virus LP064 Listeria phage LP-124 KJ094031 Complete genome★ Listeria virus LP083-2 Listeria phage LP-083-2 KJ094030 NC_024383 Complete genome

Listeria virus LP083-2 Listeria phage LP-125 JX126918 Complete genome★ Listeria virus P100 Listeria phage P100 DQ004855 NC_007610 Complete genome★ Listeria virus WIL1 Listeria phage WIL-1 KM373208 NC_025440 Complete genome




https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Virionhttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Genomehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/DQ003638https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_009811https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/JQ797329https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_020871https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KJ535721https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_024364https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KJ535722https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_024360https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KJ591605https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KJ586795https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KJ586794https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_042048https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KJ591604https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_024787https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KJ094033https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_024359https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KJ094029https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_041862https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KJ094031https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KJ094030https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_024383https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/JX126918https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/DQ004855https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_007610https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KM373208https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_025440

Subfamily: Spounavirinae


Members of this subfamily infect Bacillus sp. including B. cereus and B. subtilis. Virus genomes are of 132–146 kbp and have long terminalrepeats.

Derivation of names

Spounavirinae – derived from Bacillus phage SPO1 (i.e. spo and una, meaning one), the first recognised isolate of this subfamily.


The Spounavirinae genera are well-supported monophyletic clades in genome-based phylogenies and in (concatenated) marker genephylogenies. Members of the genera share at least 60% nucleotide identity across the genome length. The genome organisation is conserved.Members of the same genus generally infect members of the same bacterial genus.

Member taxa

OkubovirusSiminovitchvirus



https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1265/genus-okubovirushttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1266/genus-siminovitchvirus

Genus: Okubovirus


Members of this genus infect Bacillus subtilis. The type species is Bacillus virus SPO1. The non-redundant portion of the genome of the exemplarisolate, Bacillus phage SPO1, is 133 kbp, with 204 gene coding sequences as well as 5 encoded tRNAs.

Virion




Biology

Members of the genus infect Bacillus subtilis.

Derivation of names

Okubovirus: named in honour of Shunzo Okubo (1930–1978), former Professor of Genetics at Osaka University who isolated phage SPO1 in1964 and carried out the original studies on the exemplar isolate of the genus.



Member species


★ Bacillus virus Camphawk Bacillus phage CampHawk KF669649 NC_022761 Complete genome★ Bacillus virus SPO1 Bacillus phage SPO1 FJ230960 NC_011421 Complete genome




https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridaehttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridaehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KF669649https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_022761https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/FJ230960https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_011421

Genus: Siminovitchvirus


Members of this genus infect Bacillus cereus. The type species is Bacillus virus CP51. The non-redundant part of the genome of the exemplarisolate, Bacillus virus CP5, is 139 kbp, with 221 gene coding sequences.

Virion




Biology

Members of the genus infect Bacillus cereus.

Derivation of names

Siminovitchvirus: named in honour of Louis Siminovitch (1920 – ), a Canadian molecular biologist who studied phages early in his academiccareer.



Member species


★ Bacillus virus CP51 Bacillus phage CP-51 KF554508 NC_025423 Complete genome★ Bacillus virus JL Bacillus phage JL KC595512 NC_028982 Complete genome★ Bacillus virus Shanette Bacillus phage Shanette KC595513 NC_028983 Complete genome




https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridaehttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridaehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KF554508https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_025423https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KC595512https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_028982https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KC595513https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_028983

Subfamily: Twortvirinae


Members of this subfamily generally infect Staphylococcus and Lactobacillus strains, and have genomes of 135–150 kbp.

Derivation of names

Twortvirinae: named in honour of Frederick William Twort (1877–1950), the English bacteriologist who discovered prokaryotic viruses in 1915.


The Twortvirinae genera are well-supported monophyletic clades in genome-based phylogenies and in (concatenated) marker gene phylogenies.Members of the genera share at least 60% nucleotide identity across the genome length. The genome organisation is conserved. Members of thesame genus generally infect members of the same bacterial genus.

Note that the genus Harbinvirus has been misplaced in the subfamily Twortvirinae; the Taxonomic Proposal 2020.072B.N.V1.Herelleviridae hasbeen submitted to the ICTV to change it to an orphan genus in the family.

Member taxa

BaoshanvirusHarbinvirusKayvirusSciuriunavirusSepunavirusSilviavirusTwortvirus



https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1378/genus-baoshanvirushttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1379/genus-harbinvirushttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1280/genus-kayvirushttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1380/genus-sciuriunavirushttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1282/genus-sepunavirushttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1281/genus-silviavirushttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae/1283/genus-twortvirus

Genus: Baoshanvirus


Members of this genus infect Staphylococcus sp. The type species is Staphylococcus virus BS2. The genome of the exemplar isolate of the typespecies is 149 kbp, with a total of 210 predicted gene coding sequences and 1 encoded tRNA.

Virion




Biology

Members of the genus infect Staphylococcus sp. mainly S. aureus.

Derivation of names

Baoshanvirus: derived from the place of origin of the type isolate, the Chinese district Boashan.



Member species


★ Staphylococcus virus BS1 Staphylococcus phage phiSA_BS1 MH078572 NC_047945 Complete genome phiSA_BS1★ Staphylococcus virus BS2 Staphylococcus phage phiSA_BS2 MH028956 NC_047948 Complete genome phiSA_BS2




https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Virionhttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Genomehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MH078572https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_047945https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MH028956https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_047948

Genus: Harbinvirus


The genus Harbinvirus has been misplaced in the subfamily Twortvirinae; the Taxonomic Proposal 2020.072B.N.V1.Herelleviridae has beensubmitted to the ICTV to change it to an orphan genus in the family. Members of this genus infect Lactobacillus plantarum. The type species isLactobacillus virus Lpa804 . The genome of the exemplar isolate of the type species is 142 kbp, with a total of 105 predicted gene codingsequences and 9 encoded tRNAs.

Virion




Biology

Members of the genus infect Lactobacillus plantarum.

Derivation of names

Harbinvirus: derived from the place of isolation of the type species exemplar isolate, Harbin, the capital of Heilongjiang and the location of theNortheast Agricultural University.



Member species


★ Lactobacillus virus Bacchae Lactobacillus phage Bacchae MG765277 NC_047924 Complete genome★ Lactobacillus virus Bromius Lactobacillus phage Bromius MH809531 NC_048085 Complete genome★ Lactobacillus virus Iacchus Lactobacillus phage Iacchus MH809529 NC_048084 Complete genome★ Lactobacillus virus Lpa804 Lactobacillus phage Lpa804 MG557979 NC_048134 Complete genome★ Lactobacillus virus Semele Lactobacillus phage Semele MG765279 NC_047926 Complete genome




https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Virionhttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Genomehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MG765277https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_047924https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MH809531https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_048085https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MH809529https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_048084https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MG557979https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_048134https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MG765279https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_047926

Genus: Kayvirus


Members of this genus infect Staphylococcus sp. mainly S. aureus. The type species is Staphylococcus virus K. The genome of the exemplarisolate of the type species is 142 kbp, with 8 kb terminal repeats, and with a total of 233 gene coding sequencess as well as 4 encoded tRNAs.

Virion




Biology


Derivation of names

Kayvirus: derived phonetically from the name of the exemplar isolate, Staphylococcus phage K, of the type species.



Member species


★ Staphylococcus virus G1 Staphylococcus phage G1 AY954969 NC_007066 Complete genomeStaphylococcus virus G1 Staphylococcus phage 676Z JX080302 Complete genomeStaphylococcus virus G1 Staphylococcus phage A3R JX080301 Complete genomeStaphylococcus virus G1 Staphylococcus phage A5W EU418428 Complete genomeStaphylococcus virus G1 Staphylococcus phage Fi200W JX080303 Complete genomeStaphylococcus virus G1 Staphylococcus phage IME-SA1 KP687431 Complete genomeStaphylococcus virus G1 Staphylococcus phage IME-SA118 KR902361 Complete genomeStaphylococcus virus G1 Staphylococcus phage IME-SA119 KR908644 Complete genomeStaphylococcus virus G1 Staphylococcus phage IME-SA2 KP687432 Complete genomeStaphylococcus virus G1 Staphylococcus phage ISP FR852584 Complete genomeStaphylococcus virus G1 Staphylococcus phage MSA6 JX080304 Complete genomeStaphylococcus virus G1 Staphylococcus phage P4W JX080305 Complete genomeStaphylococcus virus G1 Staphylococcus phage SA5 JX875065 Complete genomeStaphylococcus virus G1 Staphylococcus phage Staph1N JX080300 Complete genomeStaphylococcus virus G1 Staphylococcus phage Team1 KC012913 Complete genome

★ Staphylococcus virus G15 Staphylococcus phage G15 JQ686190 NC_019448 Complete genome★ Staphylococcus virus JD7 Staphylococcus phage JD007 JX878671 NC_019726 Complete genome★ Staphylococcus virus K Staphylococcus phage K KF766114 NC_005880 Complete genome★ Staphylococcus virus MCE2014 Staphylococcus phage MCE-2014 KJ888149 NC_025416 Complete genome★ Staphylococcus virus P108 Staphylococcus phage P108 KM216423 NC_025426 Complete genome★ Staphylococcus virus Rodi Staphylococcus phage phiIPLA-RODI KP027446 NC_028765 Complete genome★ Staphylococcus virus S253 Staphylococcus phage S25-3 AB853330 NC_022920 Complete genome★ Staphylococcus virus S25-4 Staphylococcus phage S25-4 AB853331 NC_022918 Complete genome★ Staphylococcus virus SA12 Staphylococcus phage phiSA12 AB903967 NC_023573 Complete genome★ Staphylococcus virus Sb1 Staphylococcus phage Sb-1 HQ163896 NC_023009 Complete genome




https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Virionhttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Genomehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AY954969https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_007066https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/JX080302https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/JX080301https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/EU418428https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/JX080303https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KP687431https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KR902361https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KR908644https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KP687432https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/FR852584https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/JX080304https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/JX080305https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/JX875065https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/JX080300https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KC012913https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/JQ686190https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_019448https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/JX878671https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_019726https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KF766114https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_005880https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KJ888149https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_025416https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KM216423https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_025426https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KP027446https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_028765https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AB853330https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_022920https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AB853331https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_022918https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AB903967https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_023573https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/HQ163896https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_023009

Genus: Sciuriunavirus


Members of this genus infect Staphylococcus sciuri. The type species is Staphylococcus virus SscM1. The genome of the exemplar isolate of thetype species is 140 kbp, with a 202 predicted gene coding sequences and no tRNAs.

Virion




Biology

Members of the genus infect Staphylococcus sciuri.

Derivation of names

Sciuriunavirus: derived from the species epithet of the host of the type species exemplar and the second part of the exemplar isolate name (Ssc-1).



Member species


★ Staphylococcus virus SscM1 Staphylococcus phage vB_SscM-1 KX171212 NC_047767 Complete genome




https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Virionhttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Genomehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KX171212https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_047767

Genus: Sepunavirus


Members of this genus infect Staphylococcus sp. including S. epidermis. The type species is Staphylococcus virus SEP1. The genome of theexemplar isolate of the type species is 140 kbp, with a total of 200 gene coding sequences and no tRNAs.

Virion




Biology

Members of the genus infect Staphylococcus sp. including S. epidermis.

Derivation of names

Sepunavirus: derived from the name of the exemplar isolate, Staphylococcus phage phiIBB-SEP1, of the type species (i.e. sep followed by una,meaning one).



Member species


★ Staphylococcus virus IPLAC1C Staphylococcus phage vB_SepM_ phiIPLA-C1C KP027447 NC_028962 Complete genome★ Staphylococcus virus SEP1 Staphylococcus phage phiIBB-SEP1 KF021268 NC_041928 Complete genome




https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Virionhttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Genomehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KP027447https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_028962https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KF021268https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_041928

Genus: Silviavirus


Members of this genus infect Staphylococcus sp. mainly S. aureus. The type species is Staphylococcus virus Remus. The genome of theexemplar isolate of the type species is 135 kbp, with a total of 174 gene coding sequences as well as 1 encoded tRNA.

Virion




Biology


Derivation of names

Silviavirus: indirectly derived from the exemplar isolate, Staphylococcus phage Remus, of the type species. In Roman mythology, Silvia was themother of Romulus and Remus, after which two phage strains belonging to the type species were named.



Member species


★ Staphylococcus virus Remus Staphylococcus phage vB_SauM_Remus JX846612 NC_022090 Complete genomeStaphylococcus virus Remus Staphylococcus phage vB_SauM_Romulus JX846613 Complete genome

★ Staphylococcus virus SA11 Staphylococcus phage SA11 JX194239 NC_019511 Complete genome★ Staphylococcus virus Stau2 Staphylococcus phage Stau2 KP881332 NC_030933 Complete genome




https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Virionhttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Genomehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/JX846612https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_022090https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/JX846613https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/JX194239https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_019511https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/KP881332https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_030933

Genus: Twortvirus


Members of this genus infect Staphylococcus sp. The type species is Staphylococcus virus Twort. The genome of the exemplar isolate of the typespecies is 130 kbp, with a total of 195 gene coding sequences and no tRNAs.

Virion




Biology

Members of the genus infect Staphylococcus sp.

Derivation of names

Twortvirus: derived from the name of the exemplar isolate, Staphylococcus phage Twort, of the type species, itself named after Frederick WilliamTwort (1877–1950), the English bacteriologist who discovered prokaryotic viruses in 1915.



Member species


★ Staphylococcus virusTwortStaphylococcus phageTwort AY954970 NC_007021 Complete genome




https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Virionhttps://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/dsdna-viruses/w/herelleviridae#Genomehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/AY954970https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_007021

Authors: Herelleviridae

Jakub Barylski Bacillus phage Study Group Chair Department of Molecular Virology Institute of Experimental Biology Faculty of Biology Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan Collegium Biologicum - Umultowska 89 61-614 Poznan Poland E-mail: [email protected]

Andrew M. Kropinski Department of Pathobiology University of Guelph 50 Stone Road E Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada Tel: +1 519 780-0877 E-mail: [email protected]

Nabil-Fareed Alikhan Quadram Institute Bioscience Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7UQ UK Tel: +44 01603255000 E-mail: [email protected]

Evelien M. Adriaenssens* Chair Caudovirales Study Group Quadram Institute Bioscience Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7UQ UK Tel: +44 01603255000 E-mail: [email protected]

* to whom correspondence should be addressed



Resources: Herelleviridae

A detailed analysis phylogenetic and phylogenomic relationships among members of the family Herelleviridae is published in (Barylski et al.,2020), for which supplementary data can be found in the Dryad repository https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.106q6g6.

Sequence alignments and tree files:

Figure 3.Herelleviridae

Tree file (newick format)

Alignment file (FASTA format)



https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31127947https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.106q6g6https://talk.ictvonline.org/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-01-44/ODD.Herelle.Fig3.v4.treefile.nwk.txthttps://talk.ictvonline.org/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-01-44/ODD.Herelle.Fig3.v4.alignment.fst

Further reading: Herelleviridae

Asare, P. T., T. Y. Jeong, S. Ryu, J. Klumpp, M. J. Loessner, B. D. Merrill and K. P. Kim (2015). Putative type 1 thymidylate synthase anddihydrofolate reductase as signature genes of a novel Bastille-like group of phages in the subfamily Spounavirinae. BMC Genomics 16: 582.[PubMed]

Barylski, J., G. Nowicki and A. Goździcka-Józefiak (2014) . The discovery of phiAGATE, a novel phage infecting Bacillus pumilus, leads to newinsights into the phylogeny of the subfamily Spounavirinae. PLoS One 9: e86632. [PubMed]

Klumpp, J., M. Schmuki, S. Sozhamannan, W. Beyer, D. E. Fouts, V. Bernbach, R. Calendar and M. J. Loessner (2014). The odd one out:Bacillus ACT bacteriophage CP-51 exhibits unusual properties compared to related Spounavirinae W.Ph. and Bastille. Virology 462-463: 299-308.[PubMed]



https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26250905https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24466180https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25010479

References: Herelleviridae

Alikhan, N. F., N. K. Petty, N. L. Ben Zakour and S. A. Beatson (2011). BLAST Ring Image Generator (BRIG): simple prokaryote genomecomparisons. BMC Genomics 12: 402. [PubMed]

Barylski, J., F. Enault, B. E. Dutilh, M. B. P. Schuller, R. A. Edwards, A. Gillis, J. Klumpp, P. Knezevic, M. Krupovic, J. H. Kuhn, R. Lavigne,H. M. Oksanen, M. B. Sullivan, H. B. Jang, P. Simmonds, P. Aiewsakun, J. Wittmann, I. Tolstoy, J. R. Brister, A. M. Kropinski and E. M.Adriaenssens (2020). Analysis of spounaviruses as a case study for the overdue reclassification of tailed phages. Syst. Biol. [PubMed]

Goodrich-Blair, H., V. Scarlato, J. M. Gott, M. Q. Xu and D. A. Shub (1990). A self-splicing group I intron in the DNA polymerase gene ofBacillus subtilis bacteriophage SPO1. Cell 63: 417-424. [PubMed]

Klumpp, J., J. Dorscht, R. Lurz, R. Bielmann, M. Wieland, M. Zimmer, R. Calendar and M. J. Loessner (2008). The terminally redundant,nonpermuted genome of Listeria bacteriophage A511: a model for the SPO1-like myoviruses of gram-positive bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 190: 5753-5765. [PubMed]

Klumpp, J., R. Lavigne, M. J. Loessner and H. W. Ackermann (2010). The SPO1-related bacteriophages. Arch. Virol. 155: 1547-1561.[PubMed]

Lavigne, R. and K. Vandersteegen (2013). Group I introns in Staphylococcus bacteriophages. Future Virology 8: 997–1005. [PMID

Łobocka, M. and W. T. Szybalski (2012). Phages (Preface). Adv. Virus Res. 83: xvii-xviii. [PubMed]

Okubo, S., T. Yanagida, D. J. Fujita and B. M. Olsson-Wilhelm (1972). The genetics of bacteriophage SPO1. Biken journal 15: 81-97.[PubMed]

Parker, M. L. and F. A. Eiserling (1983). Bacteriophage SPO1 structure and morphogenesis. III. SPO1 proteins and synthesis. J. Virol. 46: 260-269. [PubMed]

Perkus, M. E. and D. A. Shub (1985). Mapping the genes in the terminal redundancy of bacteriophage SPO1 with restriction endonucleases. J.Virol. 56: 40-48. [PubMed]

Schuch, R. and V. A. Fischetti (2009). The secret life of the anthrax agent Bacillus anthracis: bacteriophage-mediated ecological adaptations.PLoS One 4: e6532. [PubMed]

Stewart, C. R., S. R. Casjens, S. G. Cresawn, J. M. Houtz, A. L. Smith, M. E. Ford, C. L. Peebles, G. F. Hatfull, R. W. Hendrix, W. M. Huangand M. L. Pedulla (2009). The genome of Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SPO1. J. Mol. Biol. 388: 48-70. [PubMed]

Yuan, Y., Q. Peng, D. Wu, Z. Kou, Y. Wu, P. Liu and M. Gao (2015). Effects of actin-like proteins encoded by two Bacillus pumilus phages onunstable lysogeny, revealed by genomic analysis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 81: 339-350. [PubMed]



https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21824423https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31127947https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2119891https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18567664https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20714761https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22748816https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4628367https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6827651https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3928902https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19672290https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19285085https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25344242

Citation: Herelleviridae

A summary of this ICTV Report chapter has been published as an ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile article in the Journal of General Virology, andshould be cited when referencing this online chapter as follows:

Jakub Barylski, Andrew M. Kropinski, Nabil-Fareed Alikhan, Evelien M. Adriaenssens and ICTV Report Consortium. 2020, ICTV Virus TaxonomyProfile: Herelleviridae, Journal of General Virology, 101:362–363

Funding support

Support for the preparation of this ICTV Report chapter and associated Journal of General Virology taxonomy profile, was funded by a grant fromthe Wellcome Trust (WT108418AIA).



https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.001392https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/jgv.0.001392

Virus Taxonomy The ICTV Report on Virus Classification and Taxon Nomenclature Herelleviridae ChapterHerelleviridaeSummaryVirionMorphologyPhysicochemical and physical propertiesNucleic acidProteinsLipidsCarbohydrates

Genome organization and replication* at a 50% amino acid sequence identity threshold at minimum 50% gene coverage or by prokaryotic Virus Orthologous Group (pVOG) analysis (Barylski et al., 2020)

BiologyDerivation of namesSubfamily demarcation criteria*ND Not Determined for all members

Genus demarcation criteriaSpecies demarcation criteriaRelationships within the familyRelationships with other taxaSpecies unassigned to a subfamilyVirus names, the choice of exemplar isolates, and virus abbreviations, are not official ICTV designations.

Member taxa

Subfamily: BastillevirinaeDistinguishing featuresDerivation of namesGenus demarcation criteriaSpecies unassigned to a genusVirus names, the choice of exemplar isolates, and virus abbreviations, are not official ICTV designations.

Member taxa

Genus: AgatevirusDistinguishing featuresVirionGenome organisation and replicationBiologyDerivation of namesSpecies demarcation criteriaMember speciesVirus names, the choice of exemplar isolates, and virus abbreviations, are not official ICTV designations.

Genus: BastillevirusDistinguishing featuresVirionGenome organisation and replicationBiologyDerivation of namesSpecies demarcation criteriaMember speciesVirus names, the choice of exemplar isolates, and virus abbreviations, are not official ICTV designations.

Genus: BequatrovirusDistinguishing featuresVirionGenome organisation and replicationBiologyDerivation of namesSpecies demarcation criteriaMember speciesVirus names, the choice of exemplar isolates, and virus abbreviations, are not official ICTV designations.

Genus: CaeruleovirusDistinguishing featuresVirionGenome organisation and replicationBiologyDerivation of namesSpecies demarcation criteriaMember speciesVirus names, the choice of exemplar isolates, and virus abbreviations, are not official ICTV designations.

Genus: NitunavirusDistinguishing featuresVirionGenome organisation and replicationBiologyDerivation of namesSpecies demarcation criteriaMember speciesVirus names, the choice of exemplar isolates, and virus abbreviations, are not official ICTV designations.

Genus: TsarbombavirusDistinguishing featuresVirionGenome organisation and replicationBiologyDerivation of namesSpecies demarcation criteriaMember speciesVirus names, the choice of exemplar isolates, and virus abbreviations, are not official ICTV designations.

Genus: WphvirusDistinguishing featuresVirionGenome organisation and replicationBiologyDerivation of namesSpecies demarcation criteriaMember speciesVirus names, the choice of exemplar isolates, and virus abbreviations, are not official ICTV designations.

Subfamily: BrockvirinaeDistinguishing featuresDerivation of namesGenus demarcation criteriaMember taxa

Genus: KochikohdavirusDistinguishing featuresVirionGenome organisation and replicationBiologyDerivation of namesSpecies demarcation criteriaMember speciesVirus names, the choice of exemplar isolates, and virus abbreviations, are not official ICTV designations.

Genus: SchiekvirusDistinguishing featuresVirionGenome organisation and replicationBiologyDerivation of namesSpecies demarcation criteriaMember speciesVirus names, the choice of exemplar isolates, and virus abbreviations, are not official ICTV designations.

Subfamily: JasinkavirinaeDistinguishing featuresDerivation of namesGenus demarcation criteriaMember taxa

Genus: PecentumvirusDistinguishing featuresVirionGenome organisation and replicationBiologyDerivation of namesSpecies demarcation criteriaMember speciesVirus names, the choice of exemplar isolates, and virus abbreviations, are not official ICTV designations.

Subfamily: SpounavirinaeDistinguishing featuresDerivation of namesGenus demarcation criteriaMember taxa

Genus: OkubovirusDistinguishing featuresVirionGenome organisation and replicationBiologyDerivation of namesSpecies demarcation criteriaMember speciesVirus names, the choice of exemplar isolates, and virus abbreviations, are not official ICTV designations.

Genus: SiminovitchvirusDistinguishing featuresVirionGenome organisation and replicationBiologyDerivation of namesSpecies demarcation criteriaMember speciesVirus names, the choice of exemplar isolates, and virus abbreviations, are not official ICTV designations.

Subfamily: TwortvirinaeDistinguishing featuresDerivation of namesGenus demarcation criteriaMember taxa

Genus: BaoshanvirusDistinguishing featuresVirionGenome organisation and replicationBiologyDerivation of namesSpecies demarcation criteriaMember speciesVirus names, the choice of exemplar isolates, and virus abbreviations, are not official ICTV designations.

Genus: HarbinvirusDistinguishing featuresVirionGenome organisation and replicationBiologyDerivation of namesSpecies demarcation criteriaMember speciesVirus names, the choice of exemplar isolates, and virus abbreviations, are not official ICTV designations.

Genus: KayvirusDistinguishing featuresVirionGenome organisation and replicationBiologyDerivation of namesSpecies demarcation criteriaMember speciesVirus names, the choice of exemplar isolates, and virus abbreviations, are not official ICTV designations.

Genus: SciuriunavirusDistinguishing featuresVirionGenome organisation and replicationBiologyDerivation of namesSpecies demarcation criteriaMember speciesVirus names, the choice of exemplar isolates, and virus abbreviations, are not official ICTV designations.

Genus: SepunavirusDistinguishing featuresVirionGenome organisation and replicationBiologyDerivation of namesSpecies demarcation criteriaMember speciesVirus names, the choice of exemplar isolates, and virus abbreviations, are not official ICTV designations.

Genus: SilviavirusDistinguishing featuresVirionGenome organisation and replicationBiologyDerivation of namesSpecies demarcation criteriaMember speciesVirus names, the choice of exemplar isolates, and virus abbreviations, are not official ICTV designations.

Genus: TwortvirusDistinguishing featuresVirionGenome organisation and replicationBiologyDerivation of namesSpecies demarcation criteriaMember speciesVirus names, the choice of exemplar isolates, and virus abbreviations, are not official ICTV designations.

Authors: HerelleviridaeResources: HerelleviridaeSequence alignments and tree files:Figure 3.Herelleviridae

Further reading: HerelleviridaeReferences: HerelleviridaeCitation: HerelleviridaeFunding support

Documents

Virus Taxonomy The ICTV Report on Virus Classiﬁcation and …taxonomy.cvr.gla.ac.uk/PDF/Herelleviridae.pdf · 2020. 10. 4. · Virus Taxonomy The ICTV Report on Virus Classiﬁcation