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Vocabulary
Unit Nine:Cotton, Cattle, and Railroads
expansion
the act or process of expanding; the quality orstate of being expanded; to extend
buffalo guns
powerful rifles with telescopes used by hunters to kill buffalo
extermination
complete and total destruction
brands
identification marks on livestock made by burning with a hot iron
cattle drives
the herding of large groups of cattle from the open range to market for sale
rustlers
cattle thieves
longhorn
breed of cattle that developed as Spanish breeds mixed with English cattle brought by U.S.
settlers
Texas fever
disease that plagued cattle, to which longhorns were resistant
stockyards
holding pens for livestock
open range
unfenced land
wrangler
one who herds or cares for livestock on the range
windmills
devices using wind power to pump water from underground to the surface
barbed wire
fencing designed with sharp points
range wars
occasionally violent disputes caused by the fencing of the open range
transcontinental railroad
railroad that runs across the continent
junctions
meeting places of two or more lines of railroad
immigrant
a person who comes to a country to settle
commercial agriculture
producing crops for sale instead of for use by afamily
progress
movement toward a goal; advance developmentor growth; steady improvement, as a society or
civilization; proceed
reform
to put or change into an improved form orcondition; to amend or improve by change orform or removal of faults or abuses; to put an
end to by enforcing or introducing a bettermethod or course of action
populism
a political belief that works to reduce theinfluence of big business on government
progressivism
a reform movement in the late 1800’s and early1900’s with a goal of improving society
suffrage
voting rights
platform
statement of political goals
monopoly
sole economic control of a field of business
temperance movement
a social reform effort that encouraged people todrink less alcohol