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    BUILDING ACADEMIC VOCABULARY

    A workshop presented at Montgomery Complex 12/5/09

    Highlighting Marzano strategies for direct instruction of academic vocabulary

    MAIN IDEAS:

    Marzano (2005) says the best thing teachers can do to help students understand the content is to

    give them direct instruction for the vocabulary of the content area. When all teachers in a school

    focus on the same academic vocabulary and teach in the same way, the school has a powerful

    comprehensive approach. Its even more powerful if an entire district uses the same method.

    Choosing critical words (not just any words) is key to developing the students background

    knowledge.

    Students from low socio-economic status neighborhoods tend to come to school without the

    vocabulary that helps them to be successful in school. If students can learn 20 critical words in

    each content area per year through direct instruction, they are very likely to indirectly learn

    another 750 to 1500 words in those content areas. If you think thats too optimistic, halving or

    quartering those numbers still offers the potential for great gain. Some studies show a 24% to

    40% gain in general achievement after using Marzanos six-step process for direct instruction of

    vocabulary. Without direct instruction, lower performing students tend to learn only 8% of the

    vocabulary indirectly (through independent reading, for example). Higher performing students

    may learn 16% of the vocabulary indirectly.

    Research shows that a general education student requires about 12 encounters with a new word

    for the student to really know that word. A special education student may require as many as 50

    encounters with a new word. In addition, if students do not know the vocabulary, they really do

    not know the content area. Therefore, if we want them to learn our content area, vocabulary is a

    good place to start.

    Some examples of activities and games are attached so that students can have a variety of

    encounters and experiences with a word.

    Refer to Classroom Instruction that Works (p. 123-129) for more vocabulary information.

    Peggy Jackson, SLP

    Rio Grande High School

    March 3, 2010

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    [email protected]

    CONTENTS:

    Academic vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

    The Marzano six-step process for vocabulary instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

    Deepening Academic Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

    An example of vocabulary strategies for Social Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

    Forms that students can use to record their vocabulary words. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-12

    including one rubric for knowledge level

    Carousel Brainstorming, an example of an activity/game (one of the six steps) . . . . 13

    Common Sense, a word game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

    Latin Roots and Greek Stems, ideas for using . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-16

    Common Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-18

    Vocabulary Sort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

    Kangaroo Word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

    Chart showing the Average Retention Rate after 24 hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

    Lists of words by content area and grade levels (from other states) . . . . . . . . . . 22-25

    Language Arts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

    Math . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

    Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

    Social Studies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

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    Academic Vocabulary Resources (sites, books, etc. for activities/games). . . . . . 25-26

    1

    ACADEMIC VOCABULARY

    What is Academic Vocabulary?

    It is the vocabulary critical to understanding the concepts of the content taught in schools. In

    identifying academic vocabulary for instruction, teachers must remember that not all terms are of

    equal importance.

    Some terms are critically important.

    Some are useful but not critical.

    Some are interesting but not useful.

    Staff of U-46 developed a draft list of academic vocabulary words that students are expected to

    understand and use at each grade level. You can find the list on the U-46 web site (www.u-

    46.org/roadmap).

    Why teach Academic Vocabulary?

    According to Marzano (2005) the strongest action a teacher can take to ensure that students have

    the academic background knowledge to understand the content they will encounter is providing

    them with direct instruction in these terms. When students understand these terms, it is easier for

    them to understand the information they will read and hear in class.

    Factoids* Vocabulary assessed in first grade predicted over 30% of reading comprehension variance

    in 11th grade (Cunningham and Stanovich, 1977).

    * While four encounters with a word did not reliably improve reading comprehension, 12

    encounters did (McKeown, Beck, Omanson, and Pople, 1985).

    * One of the most critical services a teacher can provide, particularly for students who do not

    come from academically advantaged backgrounds, is systematic instruction in important

    academic terms (Marzano and Pickering, 2005).

    http://www.u-46.org/roadmaphttp://www.u-46.org/roadmaphttp://www.u-46.org/roadmaphttp://www.u-46.org/roadmap
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    * The same student placing at the 50th percentile in reading comprehension, with no direct

    vocabulary instruction, placed at the 83rd percentile when provided specific instruction in

    academic vocabulary (Stahl and Fairbanks, 1986).

    ELL Students and Academic Vocabulary

    Marzano and Pickering (2005), emphasize, the importance of teaching ELL academic

    vocabulary in a systematic approach. They suggest that vocabulary programs that

    emphasize high-frequency terms fail to provide the background knowledge needed forstudent success in the content areas. Students learn high-frequency words through wide

    reading of fiction and information text.

    References

    Cunningham, A. and Stanovich, K (1977). Earl reading acquisition and its relation to reading

    experience and ability

    10 years later. Developmental Psychology, 33, 934-945.

    Marzano, R., and Pickering, D. (2005). Building academic vocabulary: Teachers manual.

    Alexandria, VA: ASCD.

    McKeown, M., Beck, I, Onanson, R., and Pople, M. (1985). Some effects of the nature and

    frequency of vocabulary

    instruction on the knowledge and use of words. Reading Research Quarterly, 20, 522-535.

    Stahl, S. and Fairbanks, M. (1986). The effects of vocabulary instruction: A model-based meta-

    analysis . Review

    of Educational Research, 56, 72-110.

    MARZANO SIX-STEP PROCESS FOR VOCABULARY INSTRUCTION 2

    Step 1: DESCRIBE Provide students with a description, explanation or example (not

    a dictionary definition) using common language.

    Determine prior knowledge

    What do they think they know about this term?Use imagery.

    Step 2: RESTATE Students restate the description in their own words. Results are not as

    strong if they copy the teachers or a classmates description.

    Discuss with a partner.

    Students record it on a form teacher provides.

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    Step 3: PICTURE Students represent the term nonlinguistically.

    This is a critical step in learning new vocabulary. DO NOT SKIP THIS.

    Graphic representation illustrating process

    Draw the thing.

    Draw a symbol.

    Dramatize the term.

    Students record the picture on the form teacher provides.

    Step 4: ACTIVITIES Engage students periodically in activities that add to their

    knowledge of the terms.

    Identify synonyms or antonyms.

    List related words.

    Write reminders of common confusions.

    Draw an additional graphic.

    Write metaphors and analogies.

    Compare terms.

    Classify terms.

    Discuss similarities and differences of two terms.

    Students record this on paper and put in their vocabulary folder.

    Step 5: DISCUSS Ask students to discuss terms with each other (or whole group)

    Think-pair-share about targeted terms.

    Add any pertinent info to the vocabulary folder.

    Discuss terms that come up while reading in class.

    Step 6: GAMES Play games with your terms.

    Crossword puzzles

    Concentration

    See vocabulary packet from Peggy Jackson.

    See Resource page in vocabulary packet from Peggy Jackson.

    DEEPENING ACADEMIC VOCABULARY 3(Steps 4-5-6 in Marzanos Six-step Process)

    Periodically review the terms and phrases; provide students with activities that add to their

    knowledge base.

    If students experience a new term or phrase only once, they will be left with their initial partial

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    understanding of the term or phrase. To develop deep understanding of the terms and phrases in

    their academic vocabulary notebooks, students must be engaged in review activities.

    Once a week or perhaps more frequently students might be offered activities that add to their

    knowledge base about the terms and phrases in their notebooks. For example, they might make

    comparisons between selected terms in a given subject area or between subject areas. They might

    create analogies or metaphors for selected terms. They could simply compare their entries withthose of other students. Finally, they could be engaged in games that use the terms and phrases

    from their academic vocabulary notebooks.

    After each of these activities students should be asked to make corrections, additions, and changes

    to the entries in their notebooks. In this way, students knowledge of the academic terms and

    phrases will deepen and become a sound foundation on which to understand the academic content

    presented in class.

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    Word:

    In my own words:______________________________________

    ________________ isthe same (synonym).

    ________________ isthe opposite (antonym).

    Picture:

    Word:

    In my own words:______________________________________

    ________________ isthe same (synonym).

    ________________ isthe opposite (antonym).

    Picture:

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    CAROUSEL BRAINSTORMING 13.

    Post newsprint or poster board showing questions, quotes, or concepts related to the weeks

    learning.

    Divide students into groups of 4-6.

    Place each group with a poster.

    Each group adds its ideas about the topic. They might list attributes, an opinion, or compare one

    thing to another.

    Groups are timed. They travel from one poster to the next until all posters have been visited.

    Groups visit their original poster, read the comments, and write a short summary.

    COMMON SENSE 14.

    This is a card game for use in a small group of students or with the entire class divided into teams.

    The game allows students practice with word associations and main idea. Given four words (from

    your content area) that have something in common, the students must determine what the

    commonality is. If a correct answer is given, the student or team keeps the card. If an incorrect

    answer is given, the card is returned to the bottom of the pile. The winner is decided by the

    student or team who has the most points.

    DIRECTIONS

    Prepare cards from poster board or card stock. Clip off one corner. This allows for easy sorting.

    With permanent marker write the four common words on the front of the card. Remember to

    make one card for the title of the game. Some prefer to use a database and label making software

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    for this entire step. The finished cards look professionally made.

    With the marker, write the answer on the back of the card. Laminate the cards for durability if

    you choose.

    LATIN ROOTS/GREEK STEM 15.

    Knowing some Latin and Greek will help any student with vocabulary.

    I do this activity in two segments: a unit for the Latin roots and a unit for the Greek stems.

    1. First I present the list of roots or stems and their meanings by using an overhead projector.

    2. Next I assign each student one of the roots or stems. He/she is to research words containing this

    root or stem and make a list of as many words as possible, noting the words definition and how

    the roots meaning pertains to it.

    3. I then ask each student to select ten words from his/her list with which everyone should become

    familiar. They write these words on an index card, along with their definitions and turn them into

    me.

    4. I compile these words into a master list from which I select 20-25 per week as a combined

    spelling/vocabulary list. I have enough words to make lists for an entire grading period.

    5. Finally, I have my students create a visual display of all the words they have found for their

    root or stem: a tree for the Latin roots and a flower for the Greek stems. I supply the colored

    construction paper; the students supply their imaginations.

    * They cut out a tree trunk from black paper and write the Latin root with

    white crayon.

    From green or autumn-colored paper, they cut leaves on which they write with

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    marker all the words they have found for that root, using one leaf per word.

    Have them glue the leaves to the trunk and display the trees on a bulletin board.

    For the Greek stems, have them cut a flower stem from green paper on which they

    write the Greek stem with black marker.

    From brightly colored paper, they are to cut flower petals on which they write all

    the words they have found for their stem.

    Attach the petals to the stem and display their completed flower on a bulletin board.

    From the Teachers Desk

    16

    LATIN ROOTS GREEK STEMS

    Aqua (water) astro (star)

    Audi (hear) auto (self)

    Cent (hundred) bio (life)

    Creat (make) geo (earth)

    Equ (same, even) gram (something written)

    Fract (break) graph (something that writes)

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    Gress (step, go) meter (measure)

    Ject (throw) micro (small)

    Liber (free) mono (single, one)

    Loc (place) ology (study of)

    Manu (make) phone (sound)

    Mem (keep in mind) photo (light)

    Mare (sea) tele (far away)

    Miss/mit (go, send) phobia (fear)

    Oct (eight)

    Ped (foot)

    Port (carry)

    Scrib (write)

    Script (write

    Uni (one, single)

    Vis (see) From The Teachers Desk

    COMMON WORDS 17

    This is a card game designed for an individual student to give him/her practice with synonyms for

    common words.

    DIRECTIONS:

    1. On index cards, write the words from the first column of the table below. These are the

    common words.

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    2. On smaller cards made from poster board, oak tag, or card stock, write the words from the

    second column of the table below. These are the synonyms to the common words.

    3. On the back of the smaller cards, write the common word. Thus the activity can be self-

    checking.

    4. A database and label making software to print the words on removable labels can be used.

    These get affixed to the cards. Then laminate. The final product looks professionally

    made.

    5. The cards are ready to use

    6. Store in Ziploc bags or mailing envelopes on which the games name is written.

    TO PLAY:

    Spread the common words on a table or desk so all can be seen easily.

    Shuffle the smaller cards.

    Match the words on the smaller cards to the common word for which they are a synonym.

    When all the smaller cards have been matched, turn them over to check the answers.

    COMMON WORDS SYNONYMS 18

    LAUGH chortle, chuckle, grin, guffaw, crow, titter, cackle, hoot,

    giggle, snicker

    CRY whimper, wail, blubber, howl, weep, moan, whine, bawl, sob, sniffle

    HAPPY tickled, elated, thrilled, lighthearted, delighted, ecstatic,

    blissful, jovial, overjoyed, jubilant

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    SAD pitiable, downhearted, woebegone, forlorn, dispirited, miserable, wretched, dejected,

    disheartened, depressed

    WALK swagger, trek, saunter, shuffle, plod, meander, amble,

    trudge, step, stroll

    RUN dash, speed, dart, race, scramble, chase, scamper, bolt, trot, scoot

    www.teachersdesk.org/vocabcommon.html

    VOCABULARY SORT 19

    Vocabulary sort is an activity designed to get students actively involved with nonfiction or fiction

    genres prior to reading a selection. It engages the students in group activity that requires them to

    utilize prior knowledge, dictionary skills, and prediction.

    DIRECTIONS:

    1. Identify eight to ten words from your students upcoming reading selection that will

    provide a clue as to what the selection is about. More can be utilized once your students

    are familiar with the procedure.

    2. Write or print the words on a sheet of unlined paper. Divide your students into

    groups of three or four. Make enough copies of the words for each group.

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    3. Distribute the word lists and have your students cut them apart. Tell them to glue the

    words in any order they choose on another sheet of paper. They must have a reason for

    their choices. Write the reason on the back of the paper.

    4. Next they are to write the definition next to each word.

    5. At the bottom of the paper they are to write what they think the selection will be about

    based on the vocabulary words. They are also required to tell why they think this

    prediction is so.

    6. Allow the groups to share their definitions, order of words, and predictions.

    Points are awarded for the quality of work and how well the students worked as a group. The

    work is saved to refer to them after reading the selection to see how accurate the predictions were.

    www.teachersdesk.org/vocabsort.html

    KANGAROO WORD 20.

    This is a fun, challenging way to practice working with synonyms. It can be played by individual

    students, small groups, or the whole class.

    Directions:

    1. From heavy card stock, oak tag, or poster board, make a set of flashcards, approximately

    2x4.

    2. On one side of the card write the starting word, the longer word of the pair.

    3. Place an asterisk in front of this word indicating that it is the starting word.

    4. On the back of the card, write the kangaroo word, the shorter of the pair.

    To play:

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    Read the first word. Find a synonym for it by using some of the letters in the first word. Start

    with the first letter, and like a kangaroo, hop over letters that you dont need.

    Possible word pairs:

    Starting Word Kangaroo Word Starting Word Kangaroo

    slithered slid joviality joy

    perimeter rim container can

    indolent idle rampage rage

    prattle prate curtail cut

    evacuate vacate matches mate

    encourage urge regulates rules

    prosecute sue splotches spots

    calumnies lies diversified diverse

    rapscallion rascal respite rest

    perambulate amble pinioned pinned

    www.teachersdesk.org/vocabroo.html

    Page 21

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    LANGUAGE ARTS VOCABULARY 22

    6th grade 7th grade 8th grade

    employ interaction w/texts allusion

    foreign phrases paraphrase antecedent

    genre etymology bias

    hyperbole semantic change clincher sentence

    imagery connotation coherent order

    inference denotation composition

    mnemonic devices stress cross-reference

    writing modes pitch debate

    multiple meanings juncture derivation

    personification onomatopoeia dramatization

    rhyme accent elaboration

    rhythm repetition facilitator (role

    point of view foreign phrases identification/groups)

    propaganda internal rhyme gerund

    relevant irony inferring

    relevancy mood jargon

    sequential order foreshadowing inductive reasoning

    sidebars flashback deductive reasoning

    simile tone inflection

    symbolism inferences enunciation

    text features viewpoint rate

    thesis statement epilogue pitch

    stressed assonance participles

    unstressed consonance persuasive writing

    syllables nuance preface

    clauses climax reliability

    double-negative sensory detailshades of meaning

    tension

    thesis statement

    mood/tone

    acronyms

    sidebars

    footnotes

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    endnotes

    www.jc-schools.net/tutorials/vocab/index.html

    from Jefferson County Schools in Tennessee

    MATH VOCABULARY 23

    6th grade 7th grade 8th grade

    base (of exponent) absolute value angles:

    Cartesian coordinate system additive inverses - adjacent

    Circumference box & whisker plot - alternate exterior

    compound event coefficient - alternate interior

    degree (angles) cube root - complementary

    dependent events function - corresponding

    dilation function notation D=RT (distance =

    equiangular greatest common rate X time)

    equilateral divisor function families

    experimental probability greatest common hypotenuse

    inequality theorem factor infinite

    integers histograms legs of

    interior/exterior angles intercepts triangle

    isosceles interquartile range line of best fit

    negative least common multiple (conceptual)

    odds linear equation monomial

    percent negative exponents nonlinear equation

    pi perfect square perfect square

    poll property Pythagorean theorem

    power proportional relationships quadratic equations

    prime factorization quartile sequence

    protractor scatter plots slope intercept form

    pyramid scientific notation supplementary angles

    qualitative graph slope transversal

    random square root vertical anglesunit rates vertical line test

    rate

    ratio

    repeating decimal

    sample bias

    sample space

    sample, sample data

    http://www.jc-schools.net/tutorials/vocab/index.htmlhttp://www.jc-schools.net/tutorials/vocab/index.html
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    scalene

    similarity

    simple event

    simulation

    theoretical probability

    triangle

    www.jc-schools.net/tutorials/vocab/index.html

    SCIENCE VOCABULARY 24

    6th grade 7th grade

    abiotic acceleration transverse wave

    atmospheric connection amplitude trough

    adaptive engineered asexual reproduction velocity

    technologies cell division

    assistive engineered cell organelles 8th grade

    technologies ribosome

    asteroid mitochondria acid

    bias chloroplast atom (electron, neutron,

    biome vacuole proton)

    biosphere lysosome atomic mass, atomic number

    biotic chromosome base

    cause & effect crest biodiversity

    chemical potential diffusion chemical change

    energy dominant trait chemical equation

    climate change gene class

    conductivity genetic characteristic compound

    control genetic engineering density

    criteria genotype dichotomous key

    design constraint igneous diffusion

    elastic potential longitudinal wave domain

    electrical conductor mechanical advantage electromagnetenergy transformation metamorphic electron

    gravitational potential minerals element

    energy mitosis endothermic

    hygrometer momentum exothermic

    meteorological data monohybrid cross family

    ocean current organ system genus

    protocol osmosis gravitation (universal law)

    http://www.jc-schools.net/tutorials/http://www.jc-schools.net/tutorials/
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    prototype phenomenon kingdom

    psychrometer phenotype magnetic field

    scavengers Punnett square neutral

    simple circuits recessive trait neutron

    tides respiration order

    variable rock cycle particle motion

    sedimentary physiological adaptationwww.jc-schools.net/ semi-permeable phylum

    tutorials/vocab/index.

    html sexual reproduction product

    simple machines proton

    speed reactant

    synthesize species

    tissue variation

    SOCIAL STUDIES VOCABULARY 25

    6th gr. 7th gr. 8th gr.

    Ancient colonization altruism

    Civilizations demographics antebellum

    Irrigation urbanization absolute

    Middle Ages impact exchange

    Monarchy prime meridian commerce

    Nomadic International Date Line congressional

    Technological time zone civic efficacy

    Empire GPS/GIS constitutional

    Epics capitalism contract

    Feudalism communism consumption

    Renaissance socialism autocracy

    Anthropology free enterprise oligarchy

    Republic tributary dictatorship

    Caste topography diplomacy

    cultural diffusion physical processes domesticarchaeologists spatial doctrine

    theocracy federalism

    philosophy holocaust

    geologist human impact

    polytheism infrastructure

    cuneiform insurrection

    globalization interdependence

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    interdependence international

    class map projections

    dynasty nationalism

    hieroglyphics Magna Carta

    Dark Ages recession

    Classical relative

    Cartouche RepublicanismPlague social norms

    Mythology totalitarian

    Medieval vernacular

    From Jefferson County Schools in Tennessee

    (www.jc-schools.net/tutorials/vocab/index.html)

    ACADEMIC VOCABULARY RESOURCES

    Books

    Bringing Words to Life: Robust Vocabulary Instruction by Beck, McKewon & Kucan; The

    Guilford Press, 2002, ISBN: 978-1572307537

    Rational for teaching vocabulary, how to choose words for RTI (response to intervention), how to

    teach vocabulary

    Building Academic Vocabulary: Teachers Manualby Marzano & Pickering; Association for

    Supervision and Curriculum Development, 2005, ISBN: 978-1-4166-0234-7

    How to create a list of academic vocabulary, how to teach vocabulary, word lists for content areas

    Building Background Knowledge for Academic Achievement: Research onWhat Works in Schools

    by Robert J. Marzano, Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 2004, ISBN

    978-0-87120-972-6Rationale for building background knowledge, how to build background knowledge, word lists for

    content areas

    Research-Based Methods of Reading Instruction for English LanguageLearners, Grades K-4 by

    Linan-Thompson & Vaughn; Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 2007,

    ISBN: 978-1-4166-0577-5 Field-tested

    classroom lessons for ensuring English fluency, chapter on vocabulary

    Teaching Basic and Advance Vocabulary, A Framework for Direct Instruction by Robert J.

    http://www.jc-schools.net/tutorials/vocab/index.htmlhttp://www.jc-schools.net/tutorials/vocab/index.html
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    Marzano, Heinle Cengage Learning, 2010, ISBN: 978-1-4240-6713-8

    Framework for direct instruction in basic terms, those words critical to understanding and using

    the English language

    Words, Words, Words, Teaching Vocabulary in Grades 4-12 by Janet Allen, Stenhouse Publishers,

    1999, ISBN: 978-1571100856

    How to develop effective practices in vocabulary instruction, graphic organizers to use

    Vocabulary Websites

    www.u-46.org/roadmap/dyncat.cfm?catid+246

    Examples for all grade levels in English and Spanish

    Literacytoolbelt.tripod.com/The%20FAB%20Five/The%20Fab%20Five%20Power

    %20Points.htm Links

    www.teachersdesk.org/spell_plans.html

    spelling and vocabulary games

    www.jc-schools.net/tutorials/vocab/TN.html

    Tenn. Academic vocabulary games K-8, high school

    Note: use the links in the left margin to access games.

    www.mckinneyisd.net/departments/curriculum/MISD/Secondary/Language

    %20Arts/support_for_academic_vocabulary.htm

    Support links, game templates, concept maps, etc.

    www.speedofcreativity.org/2007/07/10/building-academic-vocabulary-robert-marzano/

    Notes from Marzano presentation at OK State Dept. of Education July 2007

    www.jc-schools.net/tutorials/vocab/strategies.html

    strategies outline

    Academic Vocabulary Games/Activities Websites

    www.teachersdesk.org/spell_plans.html

    spelling and vocabulary games

    www.readwritethink.org/student_mat/index.asp

    International Reading Association and NCTE site, collection of online student materials for K-12,

    interactive literacy tools incorporating technology

    www.jc-schools.nettutorials/vocab/wordo.html

    Wordo template

    www.jc-schools.net/tutorials/vocab/wordgames-vocab.html

    PowerPoint template and 2-fold game board template

    www.jc-schools.net/tutorials/PPT-games/

    PowerPoint Games (including Password, 20 Questions, Who Wants to be a Millionaire).

    www.quia.com/web

    Click on Tour Quia Web in the upper right hand corner. Click on shared activities to explore

    http://www.u-46.org/roadmap/dyncat.cfm?catid+246http://www.teachersdesk.org/spell_plans.htmlhttp://www.jc-schools.net/tutorials/vocab/TN.htmlhttp://www.mckinneyisd.net/departments/curriculum/MISD/Secondary/Language%20Arts/support_for_academic_vocabulary.htmhttp://www.mckinneyisd.net/departments/curriculum/MISD/Secondary/Language%20Arts/support_for_academic_vocabulary.htmhttp://www.speedofcreativity.org/2007/07/10/building-academic-vocabulary-robert-marzano/http://www.jc-schools.net/tutorials/vocab/strategies.htmlhttp://www.teachersdesk.org/spell_plans.htmlhttp://www.readwritethink.org/student_mat/index.asphttp://www.jc-schools.nettutorials/vocab/wordo.htmlhttp://www.jc-schools.net/tutorials/vocab/wordgames-vocab.htmlhttp://www.jc-schools.net/tutorials/PPT-games/http://www.quia.com/webhttp://www.u-46.org/roadmap/dyncat.cfm?catid+246http://www.teachersdesk.org/spell_plans.htmlhttp://www.jc-schools.net/tutorials/vocab/TN.htmlhttp://www.mckinneyisd.net/departments/curriculum/MISD/Secondary/Language%20Arts/support_for_academic_vocabulary.htmhttp://www.mckinneyisd.net/departments/curriculum/MISD/Secondary/Language%20Arts/support_for_academic_vocabulary.htmhttp://www.speedofcreativity.org/2007/07/10/building-academic-vocabulary-robert-marzano/http://www.jc-schools.net/tutorials/vocab/strategies.htmlhttp://www.teachersdesk.org/spell_plans.htmlhttp://www.readwritethink.org/student_mat/index.asphttp://www.jc-schools.nettutorials/vocab/wordo.htmlhttp://www.jc-schools.net/tutorials/vocab/wordgames-vocab.htmlhttp://www.jc-schools.net/tutorials/PPT-games/http://www.quia.com/web
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    activities currently available. Sign up for a free 30-day trial membership.

    www.jc-schools.net/tutorials/read6-12/word/htm

    Links to vocabulary activities and games for middle and high school

    www.mckinneyisd.net/departments/curriculum/MISD/Secondary/Language

    %20Arts/support_for_academic_vocabulary.htm

    Game templates for secondary

    www.murray.k12.ga.us/teacher/kara%20leonard/Mini%20Ts/Games/Games.htmClassroom Game Templates and More includes game templates, music, sound clips and directions

    www.4teachers.com

    tools and online resources for integrating technology into the classroom

    www.wordle.net

    Generate word clouds from text

    www.quia.com/rr/37717.html

    QUIA Rags to Riches, prefixes

    www.vocabulary.co.il/

    Learning Vocabulary Fun, Test Preparation and Vocabulary Building, learn basic words from

    189 topics, play games (matching, hangman, quizzes, word searches, crossword puzzles).

    www.eslfflow.com/gamesl.html

    ESL vocabulary games

    Vocabulary building was boring, unfortunately, dull and dry task. The good news is that

    there is not one of them. And 'one of the most interesting. The only thing is the adoption

    of the correct method so that the vocabulary is a joke. Fortunately, linguists have found

    that with mastery of a handful of Latin roots, you can create a vocabulary that will

    impress all found. Below is a list of only 25 of Latin roots easier, opening the

    doorHundreds of new English words in a few minutes.

    Latin root: meaning examples from English

    : Another change alter ego, alternative, change

    Altus: high altitude, altimeter

    Soul life, soul breath, spirit animals, animistic, animosity

    Aqua: water water, aqua regia, aqueous

    Avis: Bird aviation, aviary, avian flu

    War, war, war rebellious, bellicose, belligerentWell, well nice, good

    fall: Autumn cascade, cadaver,decadent

    CIDE cut: kill Cutting, insecticide, murder, suicide

    capitis: head capital beheaded

    carnis: Meat carnal carnival embody Carnivore

    Centre: Centre eccentric, concentric, concentrated

    Dentis: tooth dentures, endodontics, tooth

    http://www.jc-schools.net/tutorials/read6-12/word/htmhttp://www.mckinneyisd.net/departments/curriculum/MISD/Secondary/Language%20Arts/support_for_academic_vocabulary.htmhttp://www.mckinneyisd.net/departments/curriculum/MISD/Secondary/Language%20Arts/support_for_academic_vocabulary.htmhttp://www.murray.k12.ga.us/teacher/kara%20leonard/Mini%20T's/Games/Games.htmhttp://www.4teachers.com/http://www.wordle.net/http://www.quia.com/rr/37717.htmlhttp://www.vocabulary.co.il/http://www.eslfflow.com/gamesl.htmlhttp://www.jc-schools.net/tutorials/read6-12/word/htmhttp://www.mckinneyisd.net/departments/curriculum/MISD/Secondary/Language%20Arts/support_for_academic_vocabulary.htmhttp://www.mckinneyisd.net/departments/curriculum/MISD/Secondary/Language%20Arts/support_for_academic_vocabulary.htmhttp://www.murray.k12.ga.us/teacher/kara%20leonard/Mini%20T's/Games/Games.htmhttp://www.4teachers.com/http://www.wordle.net/http://www.quia.com/rr/37717.htmlhttp://www.vocabulary.co.il/http://www.eslfflow.com/gamesl.html
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    Of: worship God deity, deism

    dict object to speak to dictate, diction, edict, predict

    leading to duc: to bring bear result, produce, reduce

    Congress wander on foot progress,overcome

    Project increase: eject, inject objected project rejected, unless

    ELP to drive: for strength to scatter, drive, push out

    pend to hang: append, depend threaten, pendant, pendulumPort: Wear behavior -, deport, export, import, report, support

    Sanitas health, health sanitation, Sanatorium

    Write to Scrib: Scripting report setting out the description, prescription, subscribe,

    write subscribe

    intestinal tract to move to: gain, contract, detractdrag extract, withdraw, extend,

    Traction, draw

    vert convert to rotate: reverse call forwarding, again

    Although the above list is very short, but there is an idea of the reader about the

    importance of mastering the Latin roots, and also shows how easy it is to understandmany of the words, if you know, is the root. This list is not definitive and you can have

    as many roots and think of the word, according to the rules. In this way, enrich your

    vocabulary will be arewarding experience.

    See Also : Accounting and Law ServiceElectronic Company banking

    CompanyBusiness publications

    http://www.small-businessmarketinginfo.com/accounting/http://www.small-businessmarketinginfo.com/electronic/http://www.small-businessmarketinginfo.com/banking/http://www.small-businessmarketinginfo.com/banking/http://businesspublications.small-businessmarketinginfo.com/http://www.small-businessmarketinginfo.com/accounting/http://www.small-businessmarketinginfo.com/electronic/http://www.small-businessmarketinginfo.com/banking/http://www.small-businessmarketinginfo.com/banking/http://businesspublications.small-businessmarketinginfo.com/