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I command you to learn imperatives and
vocatives!
Imperatives
O Latin uses a slightly different verb form to
show that someone is giving a command.
O To make this form, look at the present stem
of the verb
O The infinitive without the “re”
O You have been using an imperative verb for
the past year and a half already
Imperatives
Singular ImperativesSingular ImperativesSingular ImperativesSingular Imperatives Plural ImperativesPlural ImperativesPlural ImperativesPlural Imperatives
O Just the present
stem
O 1st conj – porta
O 2nd conj – doce
O 3rd conj – trahe
O 4th conj - audi
O Present stem + “ate,”
“ete,” or “ite
O 1st conj – portate
O 2nd conj – docete
O 3rd conj – trahite
O 4th conj - audite
Negative Commands
O To make a negative command you use a
form of nolo (either noli or nolite) and the
present infinitive of the verb
O Singular
O Noli portare, Noli docere
O Plural
O Nolite portare, Nolite docere
One more case, but it’s kind of a half-case
O The Vocative case is used to show direct
address
O Hey, friend!; What’s up, Grumio?
O The vocative looks the same as the
nominative case in every declension except
for second
Vocative Changes
O Here are the changes you need to know:
O Words like servus, amicus, or Barbillus drop
the “us” at the end and change to an “e”
O Servus � serve; amicus �amice; Barbillus
�Barbille
O Words like filius and Salvius drop the “us”
O Filius � fili; Salvius �Salvi
