VOL-XXIV ISSUE NO. 2 HUAN ENKAWLTU JULY SEPTEMBER , 2014 · a. Vawiin hi Horticulture Department tan chuan ni ch hinchhiahtlak niin ka hria. Department tan leh Zoram tana hlawkna

VOL-XXIV ISSUE NO. 2 HUAN ENKAWLTU JULY – SEPTEMBER, 2014

– 1 –

EDITOR

R. ZOTAWNA

Director of Horticulture

Mizoram, Aizawl

JOINT EDITOR

Vanlalnuntluanga Renthlei

Dy. Director of Horticulture (E&T)

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS

1. Dr. Elizabeth Saipari,

Jt. Director of Horticulture (F)

2. Lalliankima,

Jt. Director of Horticulture (V)

3. H. Manthianga

D.H.O., Lunglei

4. Lalthlamuana

D.H.O., Aizawl

5. Ethel R. Sailo

D.H.O., Tuidam

6. V. Lalzuithanga

D.H.O., Khawzawl

7. Zosiamliani

D.H.O., Kolasib

8. Lalhmangaiha

D.H.O., Serchhip

9. C.H. Lalmuanpuia

D.H.O., Saiha

10. L. Lalhmingmawia Pachuau

D.H.O., Lawngtlai

CIRCULATION MANAGER

Chawngkhuma

Horticulture Extension Officer

Visit us @ www.horticulture.mizoram.gov.in

email: [email protected]

CONTENT

1. Editorial

2. Hon'ble Minister, Horticulture

Department etc. thusawi

3. Value Addition

4. Pa chin leh enkawl

5. Integrated Pest Management

6. Importance of Vegetables in

Nutrition

7. Thlai leh thei natnate

8. Brief Report on Horti Fair 2014

9. Keimahni


– 2 –

Huan neih lama eizawnna kawngah Mizoramin hmasawnna rahbi thar

a rap chho ve zel a. He rahbi thar kan rah chhoh theihna chhan ber chu,

'Mizoram Sawrkar inpekna, kuthnathawktute taihmakna leh

Department nena thawhhona boruak \ha tak a awm vang a ni,' ti ila a

sual tam awm lo ve.

Hmun hrang hrang a\anga hlawhtlinna thu leh lawmthu sawina phone

hmang leh ziaktea kan lo dawng leh zauh \hinte hi min tichaktu an ni fo \hin.

Horticulture Department-in kum tina kan tih \hin ‘HORTI FAIR’ a\angte pawh

hian kuthnathawktute hnathawh dan a hriat theih hle a ni.

HUAN ENKAWLTU-a thu ziakte hi ngun taka lo chhiara zawh belh

duh neiten inthlahrung lova phone emaw lehkhathawnte pawha rawn zawt zel

turin kan inngen nghal bawk a ni.

Mizoram, hawpkhawp, sum leh paia intodelhna kawngah mi tin hian

mawhphurhna kan nei a, chu kan mawhphurhna chu hlen chhuak \heuh thei

turin chhiartu zawng zawngte kan insawm a ni.

Editorial


– 3 –

LAWMTHU SAWINA

To,

The Director

Department of Horticulture

Zoram kuthnathawktute tana in hmalakna hrang hrangah duhsakna kan hlan a che.

Lungdai khuaa Iskut chinga eizawngtute harsatna lei\ha chungchanga i hnena kan

rawn thlen \hin chu tunah hian chak taka hma min laksak avanga lei\ha pek kan ni chho mek

a, lawmawm kan tiin kan thinlung takin i hnenah lawmthu kan sawi a ni.

Sd/-

(VANLALHLUA)

Secretary

Iskut Growers’ Association

Lungdai : Mizoram


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MINISTER SPEECHAll Technical Officers and Field Staff under Horticulture Department

Meeting, ni 13/5/2014-a Pu P.C. Lalthanliana, Hon'ble Minister,

Horticulture Department etc. Govt. of Mizoram thusawi

He hun hi awm thei se tia ka lo beisei em em \hin, a taka kan han nei thei hi a lawmawm

a. Vawiin hi Horticulture Department tan chuan ni chhinchhiahtlak niin ka hria. Department tan

leh Zoram tana hlawkna paw chhuak \heuh turin ka duh che u a ni. Horticulture Department-

a hnathawktute hmel ka'n hmuh hian beiseina sang tak ka nei che u a, a thlamuanthlakin ka

hria. Chuvangin kan Department hi a pawimawh tak zet a, Transfer & posting chungchang

political transfer kan nei ngai lo va, kan awmna hmun apiangah rinawm tak leh taima taka kan

thawh a pawimawh ang. Kan hnathawhnaah a harsa lai leh a thim lai su ngam kan nih a

pawimawh a, kan hnathawhnaah achievements kan neih a ngai bawk. Horticulture Depart-

ment-ah kan thawk a, kan bialah huan nei \ha, hlawhtlingten min tilawm em tihte pawh kan

inenfiah a ngai ang. Field-a thawktute hian Zoram din chhuahnaah mawh kan phur a. NLUP-

ah hian a thawktute Corrupt ka hre lo va, beneficiaries-te corrupt avangin kan hlawhchham

mek a ni. Tih tak zeta rilru thar nena kan thawh a ngai a, khawi hmunah pawh field officers &

staff-te rin tlak leh rawn tlaka kan awmna khua apiangah kan awm a ngai bawk ang. A tak

ram thleng tur chuan kan field staff-te hi in pawimawh a, kan Department hlawhtlinna tak tak

thleng thei tura kan hnathawhnaah kan inpek a ngai a, chutiang tur chuan ka infuih duh a ni.

Horticulture lo chu Zoram kuthnathawktute innghahna tlak tak tak a awm lo. Awmze nei

zawka Zoram intodelhna policy thar kan kalpui leh dawn a, chuvangin NLUP hnuaia benefi-

ciaries kan neih reng rengte hi kan tuipuia kan phurpui a ngai a ni. Chumiah chuan keini

thawktute hian tih tak taka kan thawh a ngai. Horticulture Sector hnuaia beneficiaries-te hi

vawiin a\ang hian tih tak takna nena kan kalpui a ngai a, a ti\ha lo beneficiaries-te paih ngam

tura kan hnaah rin tlak/innghahna tlaka kan thawh a ngai a, chu chu vawiina kan mamawh chu

a ni. Chutianga kan thawh chuan he Zoram hian hun reiloteah change a hmu dawn a ni. Hor-

ticulture Department hnathawktute hlawhtlinna chu Zoram kuthnathawktute hlawhtlinna a ni.

Kan phak tawk \heuhvah \hahnemngai taka kan thawh hian Zoram tan kan thawk a. Khaw

tina Horticulture Sector hnuaiah huan nei \ha statistic kan nei ang a, a \anpui tlak leh hnathawktu

hlawhtling kan neih a ngai.| anpuina mamawh tak taktute kan hriat a pawimawh. Field-a

hnathawktuten kan bial chhung \heuh i chiang ang u. Zoramin sum tak tak hnathawhna a neih

laia hlawhtlinna hmuh tur a awm loh chuan kan failed a ni. Vawiin meeting pawimawh tak kan

neihah hian staff-te ka infuih duh a, District tinin statistical data fel tak nei thei turin ka chah che

u a ni. Inpekna thar nen puan ven sawichhinga kan zavaia \an la thar leh turin ka ngen tak meuh

meuh che u a ni.


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VALUE ADDITION

Vanlalnuntluanga Renthlei

Deputy Director,

Horticulture Department, Aizawl

Value addition tih hi a Mizo \awnga dah thiam a har hle mai a. Thil siam emaw, thil thar

chhuah emaw te, a leitu turte nena engti zawng emawa mimal emaw, company-ten emaw hma

an lakna hi Value Addition chu a ni mai awm e.

Value Addition han tih mai hi chuan a huam zau thei hle a, thil siam leh thlai thar lama

a hlutna tihpun mai bakah, office hnathawhnaah te, Corporation leh Company hnaahte pawh

eng emaw ti zawnga an hmalakna a hlawk theih nana mi experience nei \haten hmasawnna

kawng an hmuh tharte pawh hi value addition a ni tho va. Chutiangin Mobile Phone-ahte pawh

inbiakna mai ni lova SMS thawnna te, thlalakna te, alarm lo awmte hi a hmangtu/leitu turte hip

tura hmalakna (value added) a ni a, a man pawh nasa taka pun phahin an hlawk phah hle a ni.

Value addition in Horticulture :

Khawvela Developing Countries kan tih hoah hian loneitute ram neih dan hi a te em

em a, entir nan China-ah chuan loneitu pakhatin ram hectare khat vel a nei tlangpui a, Kenya-

ah hectare 2 vel, Mizoram angahte pawh hectare 1 leh a aia tlemte a ni a. Hetiang anga ram

zimte te enkawl hi chuan loneitute hian an thlai tharte hi a lo hmang nghal tur (consumer)-te

hnenah emaw, kharchhawngte hnenah emaw rang taka an hralh a ngai \hin a, hetiang a nih

avangin an thlai thar man chungchangah thu an nei thei vak lo va, a leituin thu a nei zawk mah

\hin a ni. Tin, an thlai tharte reng reng chu chhe mai theite a nih avangin rang taka hralh a ngai

\hin a, an bul vela zuar vetute pawh anmahni ang thova tlemte te thar ve tho an nih avangin

hralh theih loh mai a hlauhawm a, a mante an intihhniamsiak hial \hin. Hei bakah hian an thlai

thar chhuahte chu eng emaw avanga an hralh mai theih loh chuan tam tak a chhe hman \hin a,

hetianga thlai thar chhuah thawh tihchhiatte hi post harvest lost an ti a. Hetiang hi Developing

Countries-ah hian a tamin, kum tin India ram angah pawh cheng vaibelchhe tam tak man kan

tichhe \hin a ni.

Ram changkang zawk Developed Countries kan tihahte chuan loneitute chu mihausa,

ram zau pui pui hectare 100 leh a aia tam neite an ni a, an thar chhuah pawh a len tham avangin

thlai thar dah \hat/vawn \hatna changkang tak tak nente an inchhawp nghal \hin a, tam takah

phei chuan anmahniin an thlai tharte chu processing an ti nghal vek \hin. Chutiang nei lo an nih


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pawhin International Corporation-te nente indawr \hang an nih avangin a hralhnaah leh a man

chungchangah bithliah neisain an indawr \hin a, an tan harsatna a awm ve ngai lem lo a ni.

Amaherawhchu an thil thar chhuahte chuan International Standard-te a tlin ngei a ngai a, an

supply tur zatte bithliahsa a nih \hin avangin an mamawh zat an thar ngei a ngai \hin. Anmahni

company chhungah khan Value addition nasa takin an kalpui \hin a ni. An hralhna man pawh

a \ha bik em em a ni. Tin, post harvest loss kan tih ang chi hi a tlem bik bawk.

Hetih lai hian Mizoram anga loneitute chuan an thlai tharte hralh ve tur chuan an

\henawm/loneitupuite aia tlawm zawka an hralh a ngai \hin. Chuvangin a quality pawh a hniam

a, a man sang zawka hralh ve theihna an nei \hin lo. Chuvangin man to zawka an thlaite an

hralh ve theih nan a huhova an intel khawm a, Society-te din a, an thlai tharte chu a hlutna leh

quality lama hma a sawn theih nan \an ho a \ul tak zet a ni. Entir nan Reieka Aieng chingtute

chuan mumal taka society dinin an aieng tharte chu ti rovin, a herna khawlte bunin, quality \ha

takin Aieng an her a, man man takin an hralh thei a, hei hi value addition chu a ni. Loneitute

pawhin an thlai chu a thar ang anga hralh lova process hnua an hralh avangin a man pawh an

tel \ha bik a ni.

Chutiang bawkin Hnahlan leh Champhai lama Grape chingtute pawhin an grape thar,

a nih ang anga ei tlak vak loh chu grape wine-ah siamin a hlutna nasa taka tipungin hlawk takin

an hralh theih phah a ni.

Chutiangin “Zopar” te pawhin Mizorama kan pangpar chinte lei khawmin, a len zawng

leh a kuang sei zawngte lo thliarin (grading), a kuang hmawrah a dah rei thei zawk nan lapaw

huhte \awn betin (increasing shelf life), lehkha khawng parcel-ah fel takin an thun a (packag-

ing), tichuan man to zawkin ram hla takahte an hralh \hin a, heng an buaipuina hi value addition

vek a ni.

Horticulture thlaiah hian an hlutna tipung turin tih theih tam tak a awm a, chung zinga a

pawimawh deuhte chu tawite tein lo zir ila :

a) Site selection and seed selection : Kan thlai chinna hmun tur kan thlan danah leh a

ram kan buatsaih danah kan fimkhur chuan thlai \ha zawk leh tha seng tlem zawkin kan

thar thei a ni. Tin, thlai chi \ha leh a leitu turte duhzawng te, to zawk pawh ni se chin

hram tum tur a ni.

b) Irrigation : Tui pek dan \ha sprinkler irrigation leh drip irrigation-te hmangin tha tlemte

sengin thlai \ha zawk kan thar thei ang.

c) Organic Certification : Ram changkang zawk leh hriselna ngai pawimawh zawk ramte

chuan Organic-a thlai chin hi an ngai pawimawh em em a, a thar chhuah lam tlem deuh

mah se, man to zawkin a hralh theih avangin organic-a thlai chin hi an uar leh tawh hle a

ni. Amaherawhchu organic certification-te hi a man a to em avangin loneitu harsa zawkte

chuan certification hi an nei thei \hin lo.


– 7 –

d) Adequate manures and fertilizers : Lei\ha an mamawh tawk chiah kan pek chuan a

thar a hlawkin a hrisel a, kan hralh \ha thei zawk ang a, a hlawk zawk bawk ang.

e) Green House, poly houses (Protected cultivation) : Hetiang hnuaiah hian a hun

lovah (Off season) thlai kan ching thei a, a quality a \hain hralh a hlawk bik em em a ni.

f) Harvesting : Thlai thar seng danah hian fimkhur a ngai em em a, kan seng dan/a seng

hun a zirin a quality a dang daih thei a ni.

g) Cold storage, cool chamber : Hetianga kan thlai tharte dahna tur kan neih chuan kan

thlai tharte dah \hain a man to hunah kan hralh thei a, rannung leh natnain thlai a tihchhiat

tur lakah nasa takin a veng bawk a ni.

h) Grading, handling, packaging, waxing and branding : Grading-te kan tih peih a, a

\hat dan indawta thliar te, thei dah rei theih nana waxing tih te, a vawng \ha rei thei tur

anga a dahna bawm \ha kan neihte hian kan thlai tharte quality a tisang daih \hin a, a

man a to phah thei hle a ni. Tin, brand rin tlak tak hnuaia kan hralh theih chuan mipuiin

an pawm bik a, an lei duh bik \hin.

i) Food processing and preservation : Kan thlai tharte chu rei tak dah \ha tur chuan

process an ngai \hin a. Food processing hrang hrang tam tak a awm a, Juice siam te,

RTS (ready to serve) te, Jam te, Pickle te, Jelly te, Vinegar te, Candy te, Powder te,

Wine te, a tih rote leh thil dang tam takin kan dah \ha thei a ni.

Hetianga value addition leh food processing lama hma la duhte tan hian Sawrkar

pawh a inphal em em a, subsidy-te pein industries-te din turin a fuih reng a, hemi kawngah hian

scheme tam tak a duangin a hmang \angkai duhten an hman theih turin a chhawp \euh a ni.


– 8 –

PA (PLEUROTUS SP) CHIN LEH ENKAWL DAN

(Oyster Muschroom)

Pa hi chaw \ha tak a ni a, sa ti thei lote tan sa tluka ngaih theih khawpa thil hang leh \ha

a ni a. Khawvel hmun hrang hrangah pawh ngaihsan a hlawhin mihringte tana chaw \ha zingah a

lar pawl tak pawh a ni ve phak hial a ni. Protein, Carbohydrates (Monosacharide glucose), Ash,

Fibre, Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Iron leh Essential Amina-te a pai a, chu mai ni lo,

Ultermine \angkai tak, Thiamine (B1), Riboflavin (B

1), Biacin, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin leh

Folic Acis-te a pai bawk. Heng avangte hian Pa chu thisen sang, zunthlum leh lung na neite tan

chaw \ha a ni a, thau a pai ve loh avangin inticher duh tan pawh ngaih ngam taka ei theih a ni.

Pa chin chi tam tak zingah Pleurotus Species zinga mi, heng - Pleirotus sajoreaju

(P.S) leh Pleutorus leh Pleutorus Ostretus (P.O)-te hi Mizorama kan chin chhunte an ni. A

chin nan hian 26 + 2ºC-a lum leh humidity (hnawnna) 80-90% vel a mamawh a, kan ram

boruak nen a inhmeh hle a ni. Nipui laia chin hian an mamawh ang tak boruak a awm \hin

avangin an \hangduangin an \hang chak duh bik deuh. A boruakin a zir bakah a chinna hmanruate

hi man to lo takin a hmuh theih a, sum tam tak seng lova bul \an theih a nih avangin kan ramah

eizawnna atan pawh thil duhawm tak a ni. Tin, a thar hma em em hi Mizo rilru nen a lo inmil em

em bawk a ni. Hetiang hi ni mah se, a chin hi uluk a ngai em em thung a, kan uluk \hin loh

avangin a lo chhia a, kan ching zawm peih ta lo mai \hin hi kan mutan chu ni deuh berin a lang.

A CHIN DAN

A hmanruate :

1. Room fai tak, a chhuat tui tlin theih lohna

2. Pa chi (spawn)

3. Buhpawl ro \ha tak (duhthusam chuan kum 1 aia upa lo, a hnah leh a par lakna ni lo, a

kuang ni thei se)

4. Polythene bag leh Polythene hrui

5. Chhuar thing/maua siam

6. Detol/formaldehyde

A buatsaih dan :

1. Buhpawl inches 3-4 inches-a chan sawmsa chu tuisovah minute 20-30 chhum ang che.

Hei hian natna hrik leh thil bawlhhlawh a that thei ang.


– 9 –

2. Tichuan i thur ang a, i dah dai ang a, a daih veleh i sawr ang a, bel/bucket faiah i dah ang

(fu taka sawr tur a ni).

3. I kut chu detol/formaldehyde-in i hru fai vek ang a, i chetna hmun leh hmanruate pawh

fai takin i hru ang.

4. Pa chi chu uluk takin a pawn a\angin hmet \il la, hmer sawm lovin, a \il \hiau tur a ni.

5. Polythene bag chu detol/formaldehyde-in hru thianghlim la, tichuan buhpawl siamsa chu

pantein a mawngah i chap leh ang a, a inkarthlakin i nem muk zel ang. Polythene chu a

sui theih \awk \awk thlengin i nem muk ang a, tichuan phui takin i suih ping ang. Polythene

hi a sirah leh a mawngah te reuhtein i chep pawp dawn nia. Hei hian tui lo tling tur a veng

ang a, boruak tlem a luhtir thei bawk ang.

6. Chhuar chu i hru thianghlim ang a, chutah chuan i pack-sate chu i rem tlar ang a, hei hi

'spawn running' period a ni. Insi chet lo deuhvin i rem dawn nia.

7. Hetih hun lai hian thil um ang deuh a ni a, hmun up tak a ni tur a ni a, ni êng direct-in a lut

tur a ni lo. Tukverhte chu puan/buara zar phui tur a ni.

8. Ni 2/3 danah check ziah la, a chhia a awm chuan hla takah a paihna khurah paih thuai

zel ang che.

9. I luh dawn apiangin fai takin i lut tur a ni. Mi nazawng luhtir zen zen loh tur.

10. Kar hnih (ni 14) hnuah i phelh ang a, polythene hrui thianghlimin a kawkalhin kaihkhirh

la, khai ang che.

11. A khai ni-ah tui pek a ngai lo va, a ni hnih ni-ah tui i pe \an dawn nia. Tui hi a

phingphisiauva pek theih ni se a \ha.

12. I khai chhuah hnuah hi chuan boruak \ha a lo luh theih nan ni tin zing lam leh tlai lamah

minute 30 vel tukverh leh ventilation-te i hawng thaw \hin dawn nia. Pa khawi hian

boruak an mamawh ang tak an hmuh loh hian a parh a tein a kuang chauh a lian bik/a

zen bik viau thei a, chuvangin boruak tam tak an mamawh a ni tih hriat tur.

13. Tichuan ni 4-6-ah Pa chu pawh theih a lo ni ang a, Pa chu sik chhum lova kut fai taka a

bul nen fai taka pawh tur a ni.

14. Ni 7-10 hnuah zel \um 2 \um 3 a \o nawn thei ang, tui erawh i pek hnawn reng an

mamawh dawn a ni.

15. Tin, hla takah khur i lai ang a, heng i Pa chinna pawl chhiate hi i dah \awih ang a, lei \ha

atan i hmang thei ang.

16. I paih fai zawh veleh room chu formaldehyde solution leh rannung venna leh fungus

(hmuar) dang vennain i kap ang a, i dah vang vang ang a, kar hnih khat hnuah i ching \an

leh chauh dawn nia.


– 10 –

NATNA LEH RANNUNG TIBUAI THEITU LEH A VEN DAN

'Prevention is better than cure' sap thufingin a sawi angin natna an vei hmain Pa-te

pawh hi ven lawk a pawimawh hle. Natnain a bawm tawh hnu chuan damdawite pawh hian an

tidam hman tawh \hin lo va, chuvangin Pa chingtu chuan heng lak a\ang hian ngun takin a veng

tur a ni.

1. Rannung: Malathion@5ml. tui 10 litre-a pawlhin room chhung chu kah tur a ni. Tin,

meihawl tui (wood vinegar) hi mihring tan a hlauhawm loh avangin a bawmtu rannung

dan nan a hman chi bawk.

2. Green Mould (Hmuar hring): Hmuar hring a lo awm chuan 4% (1:9) formaldehyde-

a lapaw chiah huha hruk a \ha. A nasat loh chuan a hmuar lai sawkthla la, tichuan

lapuain i hru zui dawn nia. Tin, hmuar hring paih tur reng reng chu hal ral zel tur a ni.

3. Brown Spot: He natna a lo awm chuan Pa chu a kuang velah inhik tur ang maiin a kau

ang a, a fawng chu a chawm but ang a, a parh a te thung ang. Hetiang hi chu Dithane Z-

78(0.25-0.5%)-in kah tur a ni.

Sawi tawh angin natnain a bawm hnua tihdam hi a har em em a, a ven uluk lam hi

tihmakmawh a ni.

Pa ching hlawhtling tura kan hriat ngaite:

1. Faina leh thianghlimna hi a thar hlawk thu-ah te, natna hrang hrang laka a him leh him loh

thu-ahte awmzia thui tak a nei thei a, chuvangin kan hmanrua reng rengte a faiin a

thianghlim vek tur a ni.

2. Kut fai mang lovin kan khawih bawrh bawrh tur a ni lo.

3. Pa khawina room-ah naupang leh mi nazawng an lut mai mai tur a ni lo.

4. Sazu lakah kan fimkhur hle tur a ni. Pa kan chin hian sazu an rawn awm thuai mai a,

chuvangin kan fimkhur hle tur a ni. Zawhte vulh a \angkai khawp mai.

5. Pa fun leh phelh tawhsate kan dah hmain insecticide (Malathion 50EC) kan kap hmasa

tur a ni.

6. Pa fun phelh hlimah khan rawng dum or sen or a uk or hring deuh a awm chuan phelh

zawh veleh Fungicide (indofil)-in 1gm. per lit. of water-in kah tur. A fun phelh hlimah

chauh lo chuan fungicide-in kan kap tur a ni lo. A chhan chu, heng damdawite hi a

chakna hnathawh hun chhung kar khat vel a nih avangin Pa-te a \o tawh kan kah chuan

ei atan a him tawk lo a ni.

7. Pa khawi buatsaih lai leh enkawl zuinaah hian khuh khum leh hahchhiau khumte hi a

pawi thei a, kan lo hritlang deuh a nih pawhin fimkhur a \ha.


– 11 –

INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT

Preventive & Remedial measures

Presented by

L. Lalhmingmawia Pachuau, DHO, Lawngtlai

during Seminar at HORTI FAIR organized by Deptt. of Hort, on 11.6.2014 at

Assembly House Annexe, Aizawl.

Integrated Pest Management :

Thlai chi tuh/phun a\anga a thar chhuah, zawrh leh ei a nih thlenga a chhiat lohna tura

uar bik awm lova a hmelma (PEST) laka thlai venhim dan.

PEST Pest - Thlai tichhetu thil nung inthlah pung \hin te

Pest Management - A tum ber chu Pest suat rem (eradicate) ni lovin, thlai tichhe

khawpa an pung zel tur ven (stabilization of pest population) a ni.

THLAI VENHIM DAN KAWNG HRANG HRANGTE

Cultural Practices

* Hlo thlawhfai

* Thlai chi \ha hman

* Thlai chin chhawk

* Ngun taka leileh hmasak

* A mamawh huna tui pek

* Lei tih\hatna a hun taka pek

* Rannung ei duhzawng vaua chin

Mechanical Method : Thlai hmuna rannung & natna, pangang leh a tui tihhlum, thang kama

suat

Physical Method :

* Tui saa thlai chi tihthianghlim

* Boruak sa/ni sa hmanga rannung tihhlum

* Eng hmanga rannung hip khawma tihhlum

Biological Control : Thlai eichhetu rannung leh a natna thil nung dang hmang \angkaia suattir.

eg. Maimawm, uifawm, chungu, u\awk, rul, saihmarthur etc.

Genetic Method : Rannung thlai eichhetu chi thlah thei lo tura siama thlai hmuna chhuah

zalen.


– 12 –

Regulatory/Legislative : Dan hmanga thlai natna darh tur ven dan a ni. (Domestic & For-

eign Quarantine)

Chemical Method : Damdawi chi hrang hrang hmanga thlai ven leh a tichhetu suat dan a ni.

I.P.M-ah chuan

Pesticides-te hi a \ul tawpkhawkah chauh hman an nih avangin tui, leilung leh boruaka

bawlhhlawh ecosystem a tichhe nep bik bawk a ni.

MIZORAMA THLAI EICHHETU RANNUNG LAR ZUAL | HENKHATTE

THEIHAI RAH LUNG (FRUIT FLY) Daucus carota

Theihai rah lung thlahtu Pikhawizu lian (Fruit Fly) hi theihai rah pil chhungah tuiin, a

lung chuan a rah a eichhia a, a tla \hin.

ENKAWL DAN :-

1. A bika siam a hip khawmtu, rimtui bawm (Fruit fly Lure) theihai kungah khai.

2. A tur chah Malathion 20g + Kurtai 200 g + Tui 2 litre chawhpawlh, bura khai.

MANGO NUT WEEVI Sternochaetus magefarae

* Theihai rah kikawi takin an hreuh kaw \hin.

* Saihlum tiat a rah a nihin an tla \hin.

* A hmin hnua zawrhin a chhungah a puitling an tawm a, a rah zawrh/ei tlak loh tam takah

a siam.

ENKAWL DAN

* A rah tla chhar khawma hal/phum/tihchhiat

* Fenthion 100EC 1 ml/lit-a saihlum tiat a nih lai leh a hnu ni 15 dan a kah.

BANANA STEM WEEVIL Odoiporus longicollis (Balhla kung khertu Tuaingawt)

* Tuaingawt sen uk, khawng tak, a no pangang eng, lu sen.

* A kauah a tui \hin.

ENKAWL DAN (ETL = 5%)

1. Phun a\anga thla 7-ah a eichhiat a lan chuan.

2. Monocrotophos 150 ml + tui 350 ml., kung 1-ah 2ml. (2 ft. & 4 ft-a sangah 1ml.) 30-

a kah luh tur.

BANANA CORM WEEVIL Cosmopolites sordidus (Balhla bulbal khertu tuaingawt)

* Tuaingawt dum, ki sei tak, a thla a dung zawnga \ial.

* April - October-ah zanah an eichhe \hin.

* Kum tluanin a bulbalah an tui \hin.

ENKAWL DAN

1. Phun a\anga thla 3-na, 5-na & 7-naah Corofuran 3G, a bul leiah 20gm. zela phul.

2. Dimecron 100 @ 5ml/10 lit. or Rogor 30 EC@1ml/lit.


– 13 –

CITRUS DECLINES (SER TAM) CHHAN

1. A neituten an ngaihsak tawk lo.

2. A chi (\iak) phun tur uluk loh.

3. Tui mamawh tawk pek loh.

4. Thlai venna (rannung & natna) hlamchhiah vang.

5. Thlai Vitamin NPK leh a tenau (Micronutrients) tlakchham vang (Malnutrition).

6. Lei\ha leh Coffee, thingpui, sawhthing, kuhva etc. nena chin pawlh vang.

7. Bi kar hlat zawng hisap \ha lova thlai phun.

8. Hnim thlawhfai tawk loh.

9. Vut buat natna (P.M) enkawl \hat loh.

10. Ser kung upaa Luangsam & patek tihfai loh vang.

Trunk Borer (Ser Nget Pangang) :

Monohammus versteegi

Assam, Sikkim, West Bengal & Bangladesh-a ser suattu ber a ni. 1979-a Darjeeling

ser tam thlentu niin Mizoram ser hmelma lian deuh ber a ni. Ser kung 2.5m hnuai lamah an tui a,

a lungin ser kung a verh \hin. A puitling tuaingawt ang che muang tak hian nipui laiin chhun lamah

a hnah, a zung zuah bangin an ei kawlh \hin.

Enkawl dan

1. A kung/\ang nget lai tan chhuma hal ral.

2. A kuaah Nuvan/Carbon disulphide/Chlorogorm lapuaa chiah emaw, Aluminium phos-

phide mum hnawh luh emaw, Dichlorvos 0.1% kah luha chirhdiaka hnawh/char.

CITRUS PSYLLA (Psyllids/Jumping Plant-lice) Diaphorina citri Kuwayama

A puitling chu rawng buang, 2-3 mm-a sei, hnah hnuai lama biruin an lu hnah si dawna

kunin an tak dang kang vahin an fu \hin. A tui keu veleh a zik no bawmin tuihang an dawt a, ni

2-3-ah hnah no dangah an insawn \hin.

An chilah tur (toxin) chi khat tichhuakin ser \ang an tiro \hin. Khawizu ang tichhuakin

hmuar dumin a bawh nghal a, chaw siam a tihbuai vangin an \han a \hu a, a rahin a tuar \hin.

Enkawl dan

Malathion/Monocrotophos/Phosphamidon 1ml, tui litre 1-a pawlha kah.

(Phosphomidon 85 SL erawh chu lak luh, siam & hman khap a ni)

WHITE FLY (Tomato hnah kir thlentu Virus pu darhtu)

1. Chinna lei Carbofuran 50 kg/Ha-a lehpawlhin.

2. Metasystox 25 [email protected]/tui lit. 1 emaw Rogor [email protected] ml/tui litre 1-a pawlha

kah.

LEAF MINER Phyllocnistis citrella

* A hnah zig-zag-a hreuh rangin kawng an sial a, a chhunga boruak tang avangin silver

rawngin a lang.


– 14 –

* A hnah zung pui a eng a, a khawr a, a ro phah \hin. A hnah chaw siam a ti\huanawp.

* A puitling chu lungphur te tak te, silver rawng, mit dum, thla var hniar seng, a thla

hmawr dum, a thla chung rang.

* A pangang tet laiin a var a, a len deuhvah a eng/hring dal.

Enkawl dan :

* Neem Cake Soln@300gm/5 lt. *Dimecron-100@5 ml/10 lit.

* Acetamipid@2ml/lit.

SERTHLUM RAH DAWTTU - LUNGPHUR THLAHTU (FRUIT SUCKING

MOTH) Ophideres fullonica

Lungphur thlahtu 'Fruit Sucking Moth' hian zanah ser rah a dawt a, a tlak phah \hin.

He rannungin ser rah a dawt lai i hmuh duh chuan zanah torch-light-in thawm dim takin ser rah

han chhun la, a mit lo de ru i hmu ang.

Enkawl dan :

1. Huanah khawnvar/petromax/electric bulb chhit a, a hnuaia chawhtawlh a khata tui,

sahbawn phuan leh khawnvartui tlem pawlha hun.

2. A hraina tur bura ser kunga khai :

Malathion/Diazinon = 20gm Kurtai = 200gm

Vinegar = tlem Tui = 2lts

CITRUS SCALE INSECT

Ser kung leh raha tuihnang an dawt a, tur an thun a, a hnah pum engin a tla thei a, a rah

a tlain a zar a ro phah thei.

Enkawl dan :

1. Thlangdar thla de (Lady Bird Beetle) eitir

2. Dimethoate 0.3-0.4 ml., tui litre 1-a pawlha kah.

APHIDS Aphis gossypii

Thlai kung leh hnah tuihnangte an dawt \hin.

Enkawl dan :

1. Confidor emaw, Mospilan 1 ml/tui litre 1-a kah.

2. (A awm loh chuan) Surf emaw, sahbawn tuia kah pawh a \ha ve tho.

MITES

Thlai kung leh hnah tuihnangte a dawt \hin.

Enkawl dan :

Carbosulfan 1 ml/litre-a kah. (Dawmdawi huat bik an nei)


– 15 –

SERTHLUM VEN KAWNGA ZAWM TURTE

1. Rannung thahna hlo chi 2 emaw, a aia tam emaw chawhpawlh reng reng hman loh tur.

2. Heng rannung thahna hlote hi serthlum ven nan hman reng reng loh tur :

a) Cypermethrin

b) Fevalerate

c) Deltamethrin

d) Allethrin

MIZORAMA THLAI TICHHETU NATNA LAR ZUAL | HENKHATTE :

i) Fruit rot/Koleroga (KUHVA RAH | AWIH)

A rah hnun hnuai deuhvah tui val a lo awm hmasa a, a rawng a lo danglam a, a \awih

a, a hnun tel lovin a tla mai \hin.

A ven dan :

* Bordeaux mixture 1% (Chinai 1 kg + Copper Sulphate/Kahsamar 1 kg + Tui litre

100)-in ruahtui tlak hmain kah tur. Ni 40 danah vawi 3 tal kah ni se a \ha.

ii) Bud rot :

* A zik a eng a, a hnuah a \awih a, chu chu a bul hnai hnah ro laiah a kai leh \hin.

* A nasat chuan a hnah zawng zawng a tla kawlh vek a, a rim a chhe em em bawk.

A ven dan :

* 1% Bordeaux mixture (Chinai 1 kg + Copper Sulphate/Kahsamar 1 kg + Tui litre

100)-a kah tur.

iii) Basal stem rot/foot rot (KUHVA KUNG/BUL | AWIH)

A tirah a hnah pawn lam a\angin an eng \an a, a hnuah a hnah chhung lamah a kai zel

a, tichuan a uai hnup \hin.

A ven dan :

* A tirah Calixin 1.5% (15 ml., tui litre 1-a pawlh)-in thla thum danah a zungah leih tur.

* A kung leh lei velte chu Bavistin (3 gm tui litre 1-a pawlh)-a kah tur a ni.

* Neem cake kung 1-ah 2 kg. zela pek a \ha bawk.

iv) Inflorescence, die back and button shedding :

A par chhip a\angin a eng thla a, a nu par a tla a, a par zawng zawng a ro vek \hin. He

natna hian a nu par leh a rah insiam tur a bei bik a, a thar tlem phah thei hle.

A ven dan :

* Dithane Z-78 emaw, Dithane [email protected] gm, tui litre 1-a pawlha kah tur.


– 16 –

SOFT ROT/RHIZOME ROT OF GINGER : Pythium aphanidermatum

* A chi a\anga darh.

* A kung bulah \anin zawi zawiin a zik leh a thlarah a darh.

* A zung pawh an bei.

* A hnah a eng.

Enkawl dan

1. Lin hmain a chi Mancozeb 2gm/lit-a minute 30 chiaha daihlima tihro. (Ridomil Mancozeb

72WP 1.25gm/lit. pawh hman theih)

2. Lin zawhah hnim hnaha khuh (Mulch) a chawr \ha duh.

3. Tui chim phak loh feet 1 vela lei rih pawna chin a hrisel duh.

4. Natna lan hnu, a la nasat loh chuan a na tawh pawh phawia a vel Mancozeb/Ridomil

Mancozeb 2gm/lit-a chiah.

5. SOIL SOLARIZATION : Lin hma ni 30 vel chinna tur lei Polythene lang tlang (Polythene

tarping)-a khuha a tlang bilh hian ni zungin boruak 10 degree-in a tihsan belh a, natna

hrik tam tak a tichau/that \hin.

GRAPE POWDERY MILDEW (VUTBUAK NATNA)

1. A hnah (chung leh hnuai), kung leh khangah vutbuak a lang.

2. A rah a \han belh thei lo va, a dumin a khi/keh.

Enkawl dan :

1. Eng lut theia suat thawlin natna a titlem a, enkawl/kah a awl phah.

2. Wettable Sulphur, Dinocap, Tradimefon 2 gm/lit-a a chawr \an a\anga kah. (Sulphur ni

7-10 danah, Dinocap ni 10-14 danah)

BALHLA BUNCHY TOP

Natna hrik : Banana Virus-1, Musa Virus 1

A pu darhtu : Aphid (Pentalonia nigronervosa)

A lan dan :

1. A kung tawi, bawrchhawr, hmunphiah ang pian

2. Hnah tlang kir vial

3. Ni thlara enin a hnah zung a dum

4. A thi lawk lo va, a dam chhuak hek lo bawk.

5. Bu a pu thei ngai lo.

Enkawl dan :

1. A chi laka fimkhur.

2. Natna vei hmuh chhuah veleh a bul chawpa kar phawna hal ral/phum/hla taka paih.

3. A pu darhtu (Vector) Aphid thah nan Metasystox 25 EC emaw, Dimecron@2ml/tui

litre 1 nen pawlha kah.

4. A bulbal karnaah 2,4-D phul.


– 17 –

POWDERY MILDEW (Vutbuak) : Acrosporium tingitatinum

Powdery Mildew hi natna lar, darh zau, thlai leh pangpar hrang hranga awm deuh

reng a ni a. Thlai natna zawng zawngte zingah thlai \hanna daltu leh a thar tikiam nasa bertua

ngaih a ni.

P.M hian thlai a tithi khat hle a, chhiatna a thlente chu :

1. Thlai chaw (Nutrient) a dawt

2. Chaw siam (Photosynthesis) a tikiam.

3. Thlai thawkna & tui pek chhuah a tipung.

4. | han a ti\hu. 5.20-30%-in a thar a kiam phah.

A lan dan :

A hnah chung leh hnuai leh zik noah a lang ber a, a hnah a \il a, a tla kawlh a, a ro thei.

Enkawlna :

1. Sulfur (SULFEX) tharlam tak (3g/lit. water)-a kah hi a \ha ber.

2. Calixin 0.15% (1.5 gm/lit. water) a lan ruala kah.

GUMMOSIS (Phytoptora rot/foot rot, collar rot/crown rot/brown rot/Phytopthora

gummosis)

Cause : Phytopthora parasitica

A thawh dan :

1. A \han a \hu, a thar tlem phah.

2. A nasat chuan a pil a ro va, a thih phah.

3. A hnah a eng a, a \ang a ro.

Enkawl dan

1. Natna beih lai chemtea ziah a, Bordeux Paste hnawih.

2. A kung 60-100cm thleng kum tin Bordeux Paste hnawih.

3. Captan 2gm/lit-a kah.

Ser natna, pan leh hnaite a rawn lan chuan Bordeaux Mixture 4g:4g:50ltrs. (0.8%)-a

kah a \ha a, ser \ang hmawr ro ven nan pawh a \ha.

Bordeaux Mixture aiah hian Blitox gm 60, tui litre 18 (tui \in khat)-a pawlhin, ser

kung 14 vel kah nan a hman theih tawk a ni.

Bordeaux Mixutre chu hetiang hian siam tur a ni :

Copper Sulphate = 2Kg

Clacium Carbonate (Chinai) = 2Kg

Tui = 200 lits.


– 18 –

CANKER C.O - Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri

CANKER (SER PAN) ENKAWL DAN

1. Fur hmain a hnah , rah leh zar a tihchhiatte paih/sahthlaka charthar BM 1%-a kah.

2. Mancozeb 2gm, tui litre 1-a pawlha kah.

Zinc tlachham (A hnah eng) enkawl dan :

April-June, August leh September-ah Zinc Sulphate 1.5 lits leh tui 500 lits.

chawhpawlha kah tur a ni.

MULTIPLEX FOR CITRUS (Micronutrient)

Multiplex-ah hian ser chaw mamawh tenau hote a inchawhfin a, a rualin kan pe \euh

thei a ni. Multiplex hian ser rah a tihlawkin a rah tla tur lakah a veng bawk. Multiplex 40gm tui

\in khatah chawh ral a, ser hnah chu a chung lam leh a hnuai lama uluk taka vawi thum kah a

\ha.

A kah hun :

Vawi 1-na : Ser hnah a lo chawrno laiin

Vawi 2-na : Ser par laiin

Vawi 3-na : Ser rah sen lai, ser rah saihlum tiat vel a nih laiin.

I.P.M - GREENHOUSE CHHUNGAH :

1. Rannung luh theih lohna tur (Insect screening net) hman.

2. Thlai rah seng zawh hnua natna theh darh thei (a kung, hnah, rah hmin lutuk etc.) paih

bo zung zung.

3. Greenhouse bul hnai 10-30 ft. uluk taka thlawh fai leh rannung hip khawm thei thlai chin

loh.

4. Thlai chi & \iak hrisel hman.

5. Hnathawktuten kawr eng hak loh tur (rannung a hip duh bik).

6. Rannung & nantna do thei Variety hman

(eg. Mites do thei Variety :

Sweet Pepper - Nun, 3020, Orobellee & Indira

Tomato - GS-600, R-144, Delphi & Aston

7. Lei chhunga rannung thah nan Formaldehyde 25ml, tui litre 1-a pawlha leiha chawlhkar

1 chhung Plastic Film-a khuh

8. A chhung mi tlawh tamtir loh.

9. Thawktuten vaihloa virus an tihdarh loh nan zial zuk, khaini/sahdah hmuam khap.

10. Thlai chaw an mamawh tawk chiah (Recommended dose) pek.

11. Thlai \han laia rannung & natna lo lang vil \hata natna veite paih zung zung.


– 19 –

IMPORTANCE OF VEGETABLES IN NUTRITION

Vanlalruati Hnamte, HED

Lawngtlai Division

INTRODUCTION

Thlaite hi mihring hriselna atan an pawimawh em em a, mihring mamawh chaw \ha

tinreng a bikin micronutrients, pro-vitamins A, B6, C leh E, folic acid, iron leh magnesium-te

an pai hnem avangin. Mihring mamawh chaw \ha tinreng essential minerals leh vitamins tamna

hnar a nih avangin thlaite hi "Venghimtu chaw" (Protective Food) tih hial a ni.

FOOD GROUPS

Food groups hi chi ruk a awm a, chungte chu 1) Buh lam chi ho 2) Thlai 3) Thei 4)

Bawnghnute 5) Sa leh tel 6) Be chi ho. A vai inbelhkhawm hian mihringte tan Balanced diet

a pe kimin, chumi ken tel chakna (Energy) leh chaw \ha pawimawh (Essential nutrients)-te

hian taksa \hanna leh hriselna a vawng a ni.

Heng food group zingah pawh hian thlaite hian mihring hriselna atan dinhmun pawimawh

tak an chelh a ni. Thlaite hi vitamins pai hnem an nih avangin heng vitamins-te hi antioxidants

pawimawh, taksa cells (timur) ho cancer leh natna khirhkhan tak tak, mihring hual veltu environ-

ment \ha lovin a thlen thei lak a\angi an veng thei a ni. Thlaite hi phytochemicals inchhek khawlna

(Photochemicals hi thei leh thlaiah bak a awm ve lo) pawimawh tak a nih avangin mihring hriselna

atan a \angkai hle a ni.

VEGETABLE GROUP

U.S Department of Agriculture in Food Guide Pyramid-a an tarlan dan chuan Veg-

etable group hi sub-group panga-ah an \hen a, chungte chu :

i) Thlai hnah hring duk rawng ho (Brocolli, lettuce etc.)

ii) Thlai serthlum rawng (Carrot, Winter squash etc.)

iii) Thlai bê ho (beans, peas etc.)

iv) Thlai hnang pai (potato, colocasia, cassava etc.)

v) Thlai dangte (cauliflower, tomatoes)


– 20 –

Table 1 : Thlai chakna chaw paite (Nutritive constituents), thlai zinga pai tam berte leh an pai

zat (nutritive value)

Sl.

No.

Thlai chakna

chaw paiteThlai zinga pai tam berte Pai zat

1 Vitamin A

Bathua leaves

Colocasia leaves

Beet leaves

113000 IU/100g

10278 IU/100g

9770 IU/100g

2 Vit. B1 (Thiamine) Chillies 0.55 mg/100g

3 Vit. B2 (Riboflavin) Fenugreek leaves 0.31 mg/100g

4 Vit. C (ascorbic acid)

Drumstick leaves

Coriander leaves

Chillies

220 mg/100g

135 mg/100g

111 mg/100g

5 Carbohydrates

Tapioca

Sweet potato

Potato

38.1%

28.2%

22.6%

6 Protein

Lima bean

Peas

Cow pea

7.9 g/100g

7.2 g/100g

6.3 g/100g7 Fat Potato 118 g/100g

8 FibrePotato

Chilli

752 g/100g

6.8 g/100g

9 CalciumAgathi

Curry leaves

1130 mg/100g

813 mg/100g

10 Iron Armaranthus 22.90%

12 Calorific value

Tapioca

Garlic

Lima bean

338

142

10513 Potassium Spinach 605 mg/100g

Source : Instant Horticulture (2012)

DIETARY FIBRES

Thlai hia mihring hriselna atana chaw \ha tinreng a pai mai bakah dietary fibres \hahnem

tak a nei bawk a ni. Thlai zingah dietary fibres ngahte chu Spinach (6.3%), chana (95.20%),

bepui (4.2%) leh bawrhsaiabe (3.1%). Dietary fibres, thlaia inchhek khawmte hian thin natna

chi hrang hrang awm thei a titlem. He a hnathawh kalhmang thlen theihna chhan ber chu bile

salts-in a lo tuam a, chu chuan a inhip lut leh tur lo dangin, cholesterol level insem darh tur a

tihniam a ni.

Dietary fibres, a bik takin gums, pectins-te hi chawa a tel chuan thisena glucose level

a tihniam a, hei hian zunthlum (diabetes) enkawl nan a ti\angkai a ni. Entir nan : Purunvar


– 21 –

sawrte hian thisen glucose level a tihniam a, Pancreatic B cells a\anga Insulin lo chhuak a san

zel avangin. Dietary fibres-te hian chaw, rilpuia a kal tlang chhung a tirei a, hei hian rilpui cncer

hlauhthawnawmna a titlem a ni. 40 g DF ni tin taksaa lakluh hi mithiamten taksa hriselna leh

vawn nan an chawh a ni.

FOLIC ACID

'Folate' tih pawha hriat lar hi thlai chi hrang hrang hian a pai nual a, a bikin Spinach

(123 mg/100g), thlai hnah chi (40-80 mg/100g) leh be ho (144 mg/100g). Heng folic acid-te

hi kan taksaa red cells-te tihpun nan leh puitlinnaah mamawh a ni. Tlakchham thung erawh

chuan Anaemia (Thisen tlem) thlen theiin, a bikin naupang leh nu rai laiah a hluar thei. Hemi

avang tak hian thlai, folic acid pai hnem hote ei tam a \ha. Research tam takah chuan lung

natna leh rilpui cancer hlauhthawnawmna a titlem thei a ni. Folic acid hian homocysteine level

titlahniamin, chu chuan heart attack leh strokes lakah taksa a tichak a ni.

SECONDARY METABOLITES

Thlaia awm secondary metabolites-te hi cancer insiam tur \hiat thei compounds an ni.

Table 2 : Thlai, anti-carcinogenic secondary metabolites pai neite

Compounds Active ingredients Thlai paitute

Glucosinolates Indole-3 Carbinol Zikhlum, broccoli, brussel, sprouts

Organosulfur Diallyl sulphide (allins) Onion, garlic

Carotenoids b-carotene Carrot, tomato, mai, thlai hnah hring

THLAI CHI HRANG PATHUM BIH CHIANNA

1. THLAI HNAH HRING

Heng thlai zinga langsar zualte chu spinach, lettuce, coriander etc. Heng thlai hnah

hring chi ho hi corotene, folate, iron, vitamin C leh calcium tamna a ni. Heng chaw \ha an paite

hian avitaminosis A (nausena mitdelna thlen thei) hi a veng thei a ni. Heng thlai hnah ho hi

Vitamin leh mineral pai hnem ber pawl niin, a repin (20-40%) emaw, a hring (1-4%) paw

protein an pai hnem a ni (Khan & Humid, 1986). A protein paite hi amino acids a bikin Lysine

leh Tryptophan an ken tam avangin cereal-based diets-ah be ho thawh hlawkna nen a intluk

reng a ni. Naupang kum 2-5 daih a\anga ei \an a \ha, ei \hat chuan mitdelna laka a ven theih

vangin. Hemi avang hian kan ram India-ah pawh ni tin heng thlai hnah hring hi 130g tal ei tura

mipuite hriattir kan ni. Naupang malnutrition neite leh thlai hnah hian bawnghnutea protein 50-

70% hialin a tlukpui thei a ni. Thlai hnah hring chaw \ha paite hi a chhum dan, siam dan leh dah

\hat dan a zirin an dinhmun a tlahniamin a danglam thei a ni. Thlai hnah hring chhum hian


– 22 –

calcium leh iron a paite hi a tidanglam thei a ni. Thlai hnah hring chhum hian calcium leh iron a

paite hi a tidanglam lo, mahse nasa takin a vitamins paite a titlahniam thei thung. Vitamins

zingah chuan Vitamin C (ascorbie acid) hi chhumin 50-70%-in a tlem thei, chuvangin chhum

aiin hel ei (salad) hian a chaw \ha paite a hman \angkai theih ber a ni.

2. THLAI BUL EI LEH PAR EI

Purunsen, purunvar, carrot, buluih, bulbawk, parbawr etc. te hi a langsar zual an ni.

Heng thlai bul ei ho hi thlai hringte nen an chaw \ha pai inang thuak mah se, calcium leh iron an

pai tlem zawk a ni. Carrot hi Vitamin A tamna ber pawl a ni. Bulbawk hi Vitamin C pai tamtu

a ni thung. Vitamin A, carrot leh thlai dana awm tam hian beta-carotene keng telin hmui leh ka

chhung cancer enkawl nan hman nasat a ni. Carrot hi mihring hriselna atana a \hatna tam tak

an zir chhuah avangin Canada mithiamte chuan thu chhuah siamin "Ni tin Carrot eiin Doctor a

hnawt bo" an ti hial a ni. Chutiang bawkin British mithiamte zir chhuah danah, a thisenah

Vitamin A a awm hnem a, chu chuan 40%-in cancer a tipai hlauhawm lo a ni. Mithiamte chhut

danah chuan vun, mit hrisel nan, mitdelna leh cancer veng turin 400g carrot kar tin ei kan

mamawhzia an tarlang a ni.

3. THLAI HNANG PAI

Thlai hnang paite chu alu, bal, kawlbahra, pangbal etc. Alu-ah hian chakna (energy) a

tamin protein leh Vitamin C pawh a pai hnem. Chaw ei zat tur ruahman (diet)-ah hian alu hi a

tam ber chuan riboflavin zawng zawng, 1 leh ½ let iron, 3-4 let thiamine leh niacin, 10 let

Vitamin C, taksain a mamawh a pe thei hial a ni. Heng bakah hian mineral elements pawimawh

magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium leh copper-te chhek khawmin, amino acids 27

aia tam mah leh enzymes sang chuang a la pai tel a ni. Alu chaw \ha pai tam tak avang hian

chaw ei tur ruahman diet-ah hian alu leh bawnghnute ngawt pawh awm se mihring taksa chak

nan leh enkawl nan a tawk hial khawpa chhut a ni.

THLAITE DAMDAWI ATANA AN | ANGKAINA

Thlaite hian thau (fats) an pai tlem a, proteins, minerals, vitamins leh tui an pai tam

thung avang hian Obesity (thau luat) harsatna a veng thei a ni. Greek hovin zikhlum tui sawr hi

pa (mushroom) tûr pai ei sual hnathawh dodaltu damdawi atan an hmang \hin. Awmpawng

(Sponge gourd) tui sawr hi mitliam (jaundice) damdawi atan a \ha hle bawk. Terpine series

compounds, carrot-a inchhek khawm hi naupang ril natna hovah damdawi atan an hmang

nasa hle. Carrot chi (seeds) den sawm ei hian nau pai tur lakah indan nan an hmang bawk.

Purunsen, purunvar leh sulphur pai thlaite hian hrik laka venna antiseptic properties an nei.

Kawlbahra hi khawsik damdawi atan New Zealand-a chengte chuan an hmang uar hle.

Hmarcha thakna 'capsaicin' hi phîng thazam dam nan hman a ni.


– 23 –

THLAI DAILY PER CAPITA INTAKE

Recommendation zat chu 300g, mahse India-a mi pakhat tana awm thei zat chu 145g

a ni. Thlai ei tur recommend zat 300g-ah chuan 125g hi thlai hnah hring, 100g hi thlai bul ei, a

dang 75g hi chu thlai dang. Food groups ho daily requirements per capita chu : Cereals-475g,

Pulses-80g, Fruits-92g, Milk-200ml, Sugar-40g, Oil-40ml.

KHAIKHAWMNA

Thlaite hian chaw \ha tinreng nutrients, vitamins, moisture content leh dietary fibres an

pai avangin thlaite hi chaw hrisel, mihring taksa hrisel nan, enkawl nan leh inthlah chhawn nan

a \ha hle a ni. Harvard School of Public Health-in a tarlan danin, balanced diet-a thlai ei tam

telh hian natna duhawm lo tak tak pumpui lawng, B.P hniam leh thin natna leh stroke-te a

titlem. Oregan State University's Linus Pauling Institute-in a tarlan danin, thlai taksa tana a

\hatna chhan ber pakhat chu phytochemicals/antioxidant an pai vang niin an chhut a, hengte

avang hian taksaa cancer cells insiam leh chet phung lo dang bet niin an zir chhuak a ni. USDA

2000 Dietary Guidelines-in a tarlan danin ni khatah vawi thum tal thlai chaw ei \hin tur a ni.

Tunlai dinhmunah chuan khawvel pumin 'Nutritional security' a buaipui nasa a, he dinhmun

tihmasawn tur hian thlaite hi an nutrients, minerals leh vitamins pai tam avangin an \angkai

dawn hle a ni. Ram changkang zawkah chuan thlai ei mi 'Vegetarian' an pung nasa em em a,

ram leh hnam hrisel tak ni tur chuan kan food system-a thlai kan telh tam a, kan ei tam a, kan

chin uar a \ul a ni.


– 24 –

THLAI NATNA(Thlai natna kan han tarlante hi Central Institute of Horticulture,

Medziphema, Nagaland ziah a\anga lak a ni.)

GINGER

Symptom :

a) Soft rot : A hnah a lo eng a, a kung bul a lo \awih a, an tlu duak \hin a ni.

Management :

1) A chi chu 0.2% Mancozeb emaw, Cu oxychloride-ah darkar chanve tal chiah tur a ni

a, lin hmain daihlimah dah ro leh phawt tur a ni.

2) Kum hnih china thlai dang chin leh \hin tur a ni.

b) Dry rot wilt :

Symptom : A hnah a lo eng a, a kung bul a lo sawng tein a \awih ro vek zel a ni.

Management :

1) A chi chu 0.1% Carbendazim-ah darkar chanve lin hmain chiah tur a ni.

2) Tui sa 51ºC temperature-a saah 10 minute chiah tur a ni a, chumi hnuah Trichoderma

viridi@10g-in a chi 1kg zel sawngbawl leh tur a ni.

c) Wilt : Vawilehkhatah a hnah a lo vuai thut a, a kung bul a lo \awih tui pur a, a rim a chhe

thei hle bawk a ni.

Management :

1) A \awih lai chu 0.3% Cu oxychloride-in chiah huh tur a ni.

2) Phun hmain a chi chu tui 51ºC temperature-a saah minute 10 chiah tur a ni.

PINAPPLE

a) Heart or stem rot

Symptom : A kung \awih kan ti mai ang a, a chhiatpui thei hle \hin a ni. A hnah chu a hring

deuh va, a hmawrah a uk bawk \hin. Natna hrikin a bawm avangin a rimchhe bawk a, a kung

a ti\awih a, a thi hial thei a ni. Mahse a zung erawh a khawih pawi lo thung.

b) Wilt : Lakhuihthei kum 1-2-a upaah a hluarin fur laiin a nasa bik a ni. A hnah a lo uk a,

a nemin a vuai chen \hin a ni. A zik a\anga ro \anin a zung thlengin a \awih ta \hin a ni.

Mealy bug leh fanghmir vanga lo awm a ni.


– 25 –

Management :

1) Tui luan ral zung zung theihna hmunah chin tur.

2) A chi hrisel chauh phun tur.

3) A chi atana hman tur chu Bordeaux mixture-in a phun hmaa sawngbawl tur.

4) Fosetyle-Al-a a phun hmaa chiahin heart rot lakah thla 18 chhung a veng thei a ni.

5) Fosetyle-Al-a chinna tr lei sawngbawl nan leh a kah nante pawh a hman theih a ni.

c) Basal rot or Pineapple

Symptom : He natna hi phun tlai leh lei hnawnga chinin a nasa bik a. Hlo thlawh laia a kung

tihhiam a\angin a lo awm \hin a ni. A hnah a lo eng a, a \awih \hin a ni. A rah lawhna kiang

a\anga \awih a rawn awm a, a rah chu a \awih dum thei a ni.

Management :

1) Chinna hmun tihfai lai te, seng laite leh thawn chhuah laitein a kung leh a hnah tihchhiat

loh hram hram tur a ni.

2) A chi-a hman tur suckers emaw slip emaw chu phun dawnin a ro \ha hle tura a ni.

3) A kuang tan chhumna laiah 10% benzoi acid hnawih tur.

TOMATO

a) Tomato Fruit borer

Symptom : Hei hi tomato eichhetu rannung zinga langsar ber a ni. He rannung hian a hnah ro a

ei hnuah a rah hel chu a ei kua a, a kawrawng chhung hnawh khattu thil nem tak chu a ei \hin

a ni. A bialin kua a hreuh va, a taksa chanve chauh a rah chhungah a lut \hin a ni. Thil a eite chu

hmuarin a bawm khat a, tichuan a lo \awih ta \hin a ni.

Management :

1) A chinna hmun tur lei chu lehphuta nisaah pho ro tur a ni.

2) Tomato tlar 16 dan zelah derhken tlar khat siam ni se. Hemi atan hian derhken ni 40-a

upa leh tomato ni 25-a upa hmun khatah phun ni se.

3) Tomato bik chu derken tel lovin neem a\anga siam insecticide-in kah tur a ni.

4) A par laiin Trichogramme chinolis@50,000/ha chu kar khat zelah vawi 6 chhuah tur a ni.

5) Bt@500g/ha hnawih tur a ni.

6) A nasat chuan a par \antirh a\anga 250ml fernalerate 20EC emaw, 500ml Cypermethrin

emaw, 375ml Monocrotophos WSC emaw chu tui litre 250-ah pawlhin hectare khat

zelah kar thum dana kah tur a ni.

b) Serpentine Leaf Miner

Heng rannungte hi kum 1990-1991 chhung khan ram pawn a\angin an lo lut a. Tomato

kung chu hnah 3-4 a neih a\angin a bei \an a. A hnahah rul ang maia kikawiin a hreuh va, a


– 26 –

hnuah a lo buang a, a hnah chu a ro ta \hin a ni. A \an a ti\hu a, a par a chhiain a te a, a rah

pawh a insiam \ha thei lo a ni.

Management :

1) Hnim leh rannung tawm theihna hnim paih tur.

2) Rannungin a tihchhiat hnahte chu sihchhuma hal tur.

3) 5% NSKE kah tur.

4) Hnah a tihchhiat \an dawnin 0.5ml. Deltamethrin emaw, 1.5ml moncrotophos chu tui 1

litre nena chawhpawlhin kah tur.

CHILLI

a) Fruit rot

He natna hi a rah hmin tawhah a nasain a dum bial \hak thlengin a lo awm a, a darh zau

zel a, a bial sawlten a awm thei a ni. Thlai zar chung lam a\angin a lo \an a, a hnuah a rah a

\awih zui \hin a ni. Boruak hnawngah a darh chak em em a ni.

Management :

1) Carbendazim ([email protected]%@1g-in a chi 1 kg zel sawngbawl tur a ni.

2) A hmun thlawhfai \hat tur.

3) Cu fungicides emaw, Dithane M-45 (0.2%) chawlhkar hnih dan zelah kah tur a ni.

b) Die back

He natna hi a lan chhuah dan chu hmarcha zarte kha a chhip a\angin a ro thla \hin a, a

chang chuan a zar pumpui emaw, a vaiin a ro vek \hin a ni. He natna hi a tlakbuak

hmarchate chu an rah \ha thei lo va, a rah a tlemin a chhe hle \hin.

Management :

1) Carbendazim ([email protected]%@1g-in a chi 1 kg zel sawngbawl tur a ni.

2) A hmun thlawhfai \hat tur.

3) Cu fungicides emaw, Dithane M-45 (0.2%) chawlhkar hnih dan zelah kah tur a ni.

MANGO

1) Mango Hoppers

Symptoms : Heng rannungte hian a hnah leh a par a\angin a tuihnang an dawt a, a par bawr

laite an ei a. In\ing ang deuh thil hmuar an tichhuak a, a dum \hut \hin a ni. A parte chu a lo

sawng te a, a lo uk a, a tla mai \hin a ni. A kung la naupang takte chu an \han a \hu a, a kung

upa tawhte chu rah pawh a rah thei lo a ni.


– 27 –

Management :

1) Tui tlin rengna leh hmun hnawngahte phun loh tur a ni a, ni êng an hmuh \hat theih nan a

zarte chu hlawi \hen \hin tur a ni.

2) Fungi chi khat Verticillium Leacanii & Beauveria Bassiana-te pawh hman theih a ni.

3) Malathion leh diesel (15:85) chawhpawlhin rannung chu ur tur a ni.

2) Mango Stone weevil

Symptoms : A pangangte a rah nem laiah an lut a, a chi kawrte a ei a, mahse a pawn lam a\ang

chuan engmah a lang thei lo va, a puitling tawh chu a rah hmin hnuah an rawn chhuak a, a rah

an tihchhiat chu a tla bawk \hin a, a dum \hut \hin.

Management :

A enkawl dan \ha ber chu a rah tlate chhar khawma tihchhiat tur.

BANANA

1. Banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus)

Damage : Heng rannungte hian zanah balhla kuangah te, corm-ahte kua an hreuh va, chu

chuan balhla chu a tite thei hle a, a bawr te reuhtein a awm phah thei a ni.

Management :

1) Balhla hmun fai \ha taka enkawl tur a ni.

2) Balhla \iak hrisel \ha chauh phun tur.

3) A chi (peng) chu 0.1% quinolphos-a chiah tur.

OR

Phunna tur lei kha phorate 5g emaw, carbofulan 3g emawa sawngbawl tur, a phun

rualin.

4) Phun hnuah Malathion emaw, Methyl parathion@2ml/litre-a a kung bul kah tur. Ni 21

kar danah kah tur a ni.

2. Banana Flea Beetle (Nodestoma subcostatum)

Damage : Heng rannungte hi fur lai (June-September) hi an tam lai a ni a. Keltelaimawm ang

deuh, te reuhte te an ni a, balhla zik inzial chhung leh a hnah no leh a rah nasa taka zig-zag anga

seh \hintu a in. A titui lovin hralh a kal lo bawk a ni.

Management :

1) Balhla hmun fai leh \ha taka enkawl.

2) A eichhiat nasat chuan quinolphose 25EC@2ml/litre tuia kah tur.


– 28 –

3. Banana aphid (Pentalonia nigronelvosa)

Damage : Heng rannungte hi balhla kung kawr pawn lamah leh a zung, a leiseh chinah an bet

\hup \hin a, a tui hipin a \han a ti\hu hle \hin. A hnahte chu an lo tein a khawr bawk ang a,

balhla rah pawh a te vek \hin a ni. Balhla natna bunchy top thlentu a ni.

Management :

1) Rannungin a tihchhiatte pawh chhuaha paih nghal vat tur a ni.

2) June-July-ah 0.5% Bioneem kah tur.

3) Rannungin a eichhia tih hriat a nih chuan 180ml monocrotophos emaw, 200ml dimethoate

chu tui litre 250-a pawlhin ni 15-20 inkarah kah tur a ni.

PASSION FRUITS

1. Stem Girdler :

Symptoms : Pangangin a kung 13cm-3m lei a\anga sangah a vel kual a, a zarte an lo ro va, a

kung chawpin an ro vek thei a ni.

Management :

1) Pangangin a vel kual kuangte ch a vel kualna hnuai chiahah tan chhuma hal tur a ni.

2) Nipui laiin endik renga rannungte vai tur a ni.

3) Pangangin a bawmte chu [email protected] chu tui litre 1-a pawlhin kah tur a ni.

Phorate@5gm kung khat zelah phul tur.

2. Capsid Bug :

Symptoms : Heng rannungte hian a zik no leh a rah sente a vit a, a tuihnang an hip \hin a ni. A

hnahte chu lo kaw chukin a zik note chu an \han a \hu \hin a ni. A hnah leh a rahahte chuan a

eng bial te te a lo awm \hut \hin a ni.

Management :

1) Rannungte chu vai reng tur a ni.

2) A hnahte chu Monocrotophos 1ml-ah tui litre 1 chawhpawlha kah tur a ni. Chumi hnu

rannungin a bawm hun laiin 4% NSKE-a kah leh tur a ni.


– 29 –

BRIEF REPORT ON HORTI FAIR - 2014

Horti Fair 2014 hi Dt. 9th - 13th June, 2014 chhunga neih a ni a. A hmasa berin Horti

Fair 2014 hlawhtlin theih nana remruatna fel tak min siamsaktu kan hotu te, Minister, Parlia-

mentary Secretary, Director leh Department-a Officers & Staff-te chungah lawmthu kan sawi

a. Tin, he kan neihna hmun phal taka min hmantirtu Assembly House Secretariat chungah

lawmthu kan sawi bawk a ni.

Horti Fair 2014 hi kum 2012 a\ang khan neih \an a ni a. Tun hi a \um thumna (3) a ni.

He Horti Fair-in a tum ber chu kuthnathawktute chawikanna hmanruai thlai leh pangpar, a

ching duhtuten a hrisel leh hriat chian ngei awlsam zawka an hmuh theih nan te, kuthnathawktuten

an thlai thar chhuah an hralh (pho) chhuah theihna tura hun remchang siamsak te, thlai \iak a

hun taka thlai phun turten an hmuh theihna turte a ni. A hma lama buatsaih kan tum laiin

Election avangin kan buatsaih hma thei lo va, amaherawhchu thlai phun hun takah ruahtui a

in\an laiin kan buatsaih hman a, a lawmawm hle.

Nikum leh kumina Horti Fair khaikhinna :

Year No. of Stall Pawisa lei chhuah zat

June 4th - 7th, 2013 75 Rs. 22,90,367/-

June 9th - 13th, 2014 70Rs. 12,47,142/- till

12:30 pm 13th June, 2014

Horti Fair neih chhung hian Farmers Seminar ni tin neih a ni a. District tin a\angin

Progressive Farmers 10 \heuh thlanten he seminar hi an tel thei bawk a. Seminar hi ni tin

session hnih neih \hin niin, mithiamten an subject specialise-nate zirtirna an pe \hin a ni. Heng

farmers-te lo kalna senso Actual TA bakah ni tin an DA pek \heuh an ni bawk. Horti Fair hi

a zawngchhang tlakin kum dangah pawh buatsaih zel theih a duhawm ngawt mai.

Thil zawrh tlangpui :

1. Budded M. Orange & Seedlings Polypot. 2. Mango (Rangkuai) Seedlings &

Grafted.

3. Dragon Fruits. 4. Ram thei chi hrang hrang.

5. Pangpar leh House Plant chi hrang hrang. 6. Plastic Pot & Poly Bags.

7. Mau lian \iak. 8. Sandal Wood Seedlings & Polypotted.

9. Thei chi hrang hrang phun tur. 10. Assam lemon Grafted leh thei/pangpar

chi hrang hrangte.


– 30 –

KEIMAHNI

I. Mizoram Horticulture Service Association leh Horticulture Department-te \angkawpin

Date 29th & 30th May, 2014 khan Seminar-cum-General Conference chu Tourist

Lodge, Zotlang, Lungleiah neih a ni. He Seminar hi Pu P.C. Lalthanliana, Hon'ble Min-

ister, Horticulture Department etc-in min hmanpui theih avangin a chungah kan lawm

tak zet a ni. Tin, Pu Lalramnuama, HD, S. Vanlaiphai leh Nl. Pensy, Lunglei te chungah

pawh lawmthu kan sawi a. Kan Conference chhungin zai mawi tak taka min awih avang

leh min tihnuih tam em avangtein anni pahnih chungah kan lawm tak zet zet a ni.

II. Horticulture Fair 2014 chu Date 9th - 13th June, 2014 khan Assembly Secretariat

Building-ah neih a ni. Horticulture Fair 2014 min hmanpuitu Pu P.C. Lalthanliana, Hon'ble

Minister, Horticulture Department etc. leh Pu K. Lalrinthanga, Parliamentary Secre-

tary, Horticulture Department etc. te, Pu B. Lalhmingthanga, Secretary, Horticulture

Department etc. te leh Department hrang hang a\anga rawn chhimtu leh Horti Fair

2014 min hlutpuitu mipuite chungah lawmthu kan sawi a. He Horti Fair 2014 chhunga

pangpar chi hrang hrang zuartute leh thei phun tur chi hrang hrang zuartute chungah

lawmthu kan sawi bawk a ni. Tin, ZAGS leh Mizoram Florist Association hruaitute

chungah a bik takin kan lawm hle a ni.

III. Promotion/Transfer

Sl.

No.

Name of

Incumbent

Present Place of

PostingNew Place of Posting Remarks

1. Vanlalvuana Rokhum HDO, Aizawl Division HDO, Tuidam Division Transfer

2. A. Lianhluna AHEO, Diltlang Circle HEO, Lawngtlai Circle Promotion

3. NgurthankumaAHEO SDHO Champhai,

Khawzawl Division

HEO Champhai,

Khawzawl DivisionPromotion

4. P.C. Zahmingliana AHEO, DHO Khawzawl

HEO (CHO) Lungdai

Circle

Kolasib Division

Promotion

Ngurthankima


– 31 –

IV. Transfer

Sl.

No.

Name of

Incumbent

Present Place of

PostingNew Place of Posting Remarks

1. Lalnuntluanga

CHO (HEO) Lungdai

Circle

Kolasib Division

CHO (HEO)

Suangpuilawn

Circle, Aizawl Division

2. Lalmuanpuia HD, Tuidam Division DHO, Tuidam Division

3. Lalrotawma HD, Aizawl DivisionHD, Directorate of

Horticulture

4. K. Lalnghakthanga HD, Aizawl Division HD, Tuidam Division

5. Vanlalrema RalteHD, Directorate of

Horticulture

HD, Aibawk Circle

DHO Aizawl Division

6. LalrozualaHD, Rawpuichhip

Sub-Division

HD, Directorate of

Horticulture

(Central Store)

V. KHANPUI KHUAIN KUM 2014 CHHUNGA SAWHTHING ATANGA AN

HRALH CHHUAH/LEI DAN (NUAI KHAT CHIN CHUNG LAM)

GINGER PRODUCTION REPORT – VILLAGE : KHANPUI

Sl. Name "Qnty. Amount

No. (in qntls.)

1 Lalhlupuia ............................... 860 ................................. 4,150,000.00

2 Nira ........................................ 670 ................................. 3,000,000.00

3 Ramdinthara ............................ 200 ................................. 1,300,000.00

4 Rinzuala .................................. 100 .................................... 600,000.00

5 Siamliana ................................ 285 .................................... 218,000.00

6 Sangzela ................................. 230 ................................. 1,380,000.00

7 Pianmawia .............................. 200 ................................. 1,000,000.00

8 K. Lalruata.............................. 200 ................................. 1,300,000.00

9 Lalhruaia ................................. 200 ................................. 1,500,000.00

10 Ramthara ................................ 200 ................................. 1,200,000.00


– 32 –

11 R. Vanlalzauva ........................ 110 .................................... 470,000.00

12 Lalthanmawia .......................... 100 .................................... 440,000.00

13 Rokimi .................................... 170 .................................... 820,000.00

14 Rintluanga ............................... 200 ................................. 1,000,000.00

15 Sanghluna ............................... 120 .................................... 700,000.00

16 Ramfangvela.............................. 60 .................................... 600,000.00

17 Ramsanga ............................... 100 .................................... 400,000.00

18 Thangkhuma............................ 110 .................................... 450,000.00

19 C. Lalrinliana ........................... 200 ................................. 1,380,000.00

20 Lalpeka .................................... 80 .................................... 400,000.00

21 Ramnghaka ............................. 157 .................................... 648,000.00

22 Lalnunmawia ........................... 100 .................................... 550,000.00

23 Lalhmingthanga ........................ 100 .................................... 430,000.00

24 Rintluanga ................................. 50 .................................... 230,000.00

25 Ramnghaka ............................... 62 .................................... 310,000.00

26 Rambuatsaiha ............................ 80 .................................... 500,000.00

27 Lalrochunga ............................ 130 .................................... 750,000.00

28 Lalchhunga ................................ 65 .................................... 200,000.00

29 Remkunga ................................. 83 .................................... 450,000.00

30 Remruata .................................. 80 .................................... 800,000.00

31 Lalhlimpuia ................................ 90 .................................... 430,000.00

32 Pianglawma ............................... 90 .................................... 480,000.00

33 Biakthanga ................................ 80 .................................... 400,000.00

34 Lalhruaia ................................... 80 .................................... 496,000.00

35 Lalzarliana ................................. 30 .................................... 100,000.00

36 Vulsangzuala ............................. 90 .................................... 460,000.00

37 Lawmkima ................................ 60 .................................... 330,000.00

38 Malsawma ................................ 65 .................................... 200,000.00

39 K.C. Khumtira .......................... 72 .................................... 220,000.00

40 Lalduhawma.............................. 50 .................................... 270,000.00

41 Lalpawlliana .............................. 40 .................................... 100,000.00

42 Malsawma ................................ 65 .................................... 230,000.00

43 Remruata .................................. 40 .................................... 120,000.00

TOTAL ............................... 6154 ............................... 30,712,000.00

Documents

VOL-XXIV ISSUE NO. 2 HUAN ENKAWLTU JULY SEPTEMBER , 2014 · a. Vawiin hi Horticulture Department tan chuan ni ch hinchhiahtlak niin ka hria. Department tan leh Zoram tana hlawkna