VTI Annual Report 2013

2013 Annual ReportThe Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI)

2 THE SWEDISH NATIONAL ROAD AND TRANSPORT RESEARCH INSTITUTE (VTI)2013 ANNUAL REPORT

PHOTO: HEJDLÖSA BILDER

Message from

the Director GeneralFor many researchers 2013 been a year of waiting and expectations. How would the forms and conditions for future EU research evolve? What topics would be highlighted and how would conditions for participation be regulated? The long-awaited Horizon 2020, the EU’s Eighth Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, was finally announced this year. The programme encompasses a number of relevant topics that offer good prospects for the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI) and transport research to participate in expanding the European knowledge base.

Unfortunately, the economic conditions for participation in future EU projects give rise for concern. Worsening reimbursement levels for indirect costs and the failure of our major research funders to announce national co-financing opportunities could restrict participation by VTI and others in European research projects. Reduced participation in EU projects also means that the state risks a reduction in economic return, which in other contexts has been highlighted as desirable for a large net contributor like Sweden. Meanwhile, in 2013, VTI participated in 16 EU projects, including two as coordinator.

However, international work must also be carried out beyond EU borders to truly be considered a global participant. Consequently, in 2013, VTI once again held

its travelling conference Road Safety on Four Continents (RS4C) in Beijing, China. The conference was successful, and was also combined with a number of exchanges between VTI and its Chinese counterparts. Cooperation agreements on matters such as road safety and sharing knowledge about vehicle simulators were signed in the presence of senior political representatives of Sweden and China. Another international exchange took place in connection with a road safety seminar in South Korea, where VTI also signed a collaboration agreement with the Korea Transport Institute (KOTI).

The results for the year show a deficit, partly due to unforeseen one-off costs and larger write-downs than were budgeted. However, we are pleased to report that income from commissioned projects increased and the financial results for 2013 improved compared with 2012. One remarkable and highly gratifying change is the dramatic increase in the number of scientific publications. I should also note an increase in our collaboration with universities and colleges over the years, including the number of PhD students and degree project workers. This trend is an important acknowledgment of VTI’s appeal as a collaboration partner.

JONAS BJELFVENSTAM DIRECTOR GENERAL

In 2013, VTI once again held its travelling

conference Road Safety on Four Continents

(RS4C) in Beijing, China.

3THE SWEDISH NATIONAL ROAD AND TRANSPORT RESEARCH INSTITUTE (VTI)2013 ANNUAL REPORT

ABOUT VTI ................................................................................................. 4 An institution with research in all modes of transport ................................4

INFRASTRUCTURE DEPARTMENT ........................................................ 5 VTI’s heavy equipment frequently engaged ....................................................5

SOCIETY, ENVIRONMENT AND TRANSPORT DEPARTMENT ............. 6Important project on cost of traffic to society ................................................6

TRAFFIC AND ROAD-USER DEPARTMENT .......................................... 7Vehicle automation – one of several hot research areas ...............................7

VTI’S MISSION AND OPERATING GOALS .............................................. 8VTI will contribute to a sustainable transport system ..................................8

THE YEAR IN BRIEF ................................................................................ 10VTI has satisfied customers ..............................................................................10

SOCIALLY MOTIVATED APPLIED RESEARCH ..................................... 12Results ...................................................................................................................12Selection of completed projects ........................................................................14Large increase in scientific publications ........................................................16

INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH ENVIRONMENTS ......................... 20Startup of public transport competence centre ...........................................20

COLLABORATION WITH UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES ................ 22Collaboration strengthens VTI’s knowledge base .........................................22

INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION .................................................... 25Successful participation in the EU’s Seventh Framework Programme .....25

USE OF VTI’S APPROPRIATIONS .......................................................... 29

SKILLS MANAGEMENT ......................................................................... 30VTI’s employees are its greatest asset .............................................................30

FINANCIAL REPORT 2013 ..................................................................... 33Reporting according to appropriation directives ..........................................34Income statement ................................................................................................35Balance sheet – assets ........................................................................................36Balance sheet – capital and liabilities ..........................................................37Appropriation Report .........................................................................................38Accounting policies and disclosures ...............................................................39Notes ..................................................................................................................... 40Summary of key data .........................................................................................42

VTI’S BOARD OF DIRECTORS ................................................................43

ANNUAL REPORT 2013

We would like to thank all employees who contributed to our Annual Report. For more information please visit www.vti.se.

Contents


Board of directors

Director general's of�ce

Scienti�c council

Research directors' council

Management team

Director general

Department of traf�c and road users » Vehicle technology and simulation

» Human-vehicle-transport system interaction

» Traffic safety, society and road user

Administration» Finance

» Human Resources

» Information technology

Public relations» Library and information centre

» Communication

Department of society, enviroment and transport» Environment

» Mobility, actors and planning processes

» Traffic analysis and logistics

» Transport economics, Borlänge

» Transport economics, Stockholm

Department of infrastructure» Infrastructure maintenace

» Crash safety

» Measurement technology and engineering workshop

» Pavement technology

An institution with research in all modes of transport

Number of employees – 209

Average age – 45 years

Number of new hires – 21 persons

Gender distribution – 44 per cent women, 56 per cent men

Master’s or PhD degree – 78 persons

Doctoral students – 25 persons

Degree project workers – 16 persons

The Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI) is an independent, internationally prominent research institute within the transport sector.

VTI carries out applied research and development, as well as investigations, surveys and testing concerning all modes of transport. The Institute has a broad spectrum of expertise, with core competencies in the fields of safety, finance, the environment, traffic and transport analysis, public transport, behaviour, and the interplay between humans, vehicles and the transport system, as well as in road design, operations and maintenance.

VTI is headquartered in Linköping, where the majority of operations are located, and where the Institute also has its laboratory resources and most of its heavy research equipment. VTI also has offices in Borlänge and Stockholm, where the emphasis is on research in transport economics and transport policy, as well as in Gothenburg with its main research focus is on automotive technology and vehicle safety. VTI opened a new office in Lund in 2013 with a focus on public transport.

ABOUT VTI

Organisational chart

Staff distribution


Road wear and collision safety have been in the spotlight in 2013 — at least considering how busy VTI’s heavy equip-ment has been. Such equipment includes: the VTI Circu-lar Road Simulator used for pavement wear studies; the Heavy Vehicle Simulator (HVS), which simulates road dete-rioration by heavy vehicles; the Laser Road Surface Tester (RST), which measures the condition of the road surface; and the Crash Test Laboratory, which performs various types of crash tests.

The INFRA department engages in research and development of sustainable road and track constructions from a lifecycle perspective, contributes knowledge on efficient maintenance and operations measures for different types of roads, carries out independent crash tests, develops prototypes and machines, and develops, builds and maintains measuring equipment.

Big step for child safety in EuropeIn July 2013, a new child car safety seat regulation, ECE 129, came into force and VTI played a critical role in designing it. Under the new regulations, European children will travel facing backwards until they reach 15 months of age. This is a big step for child safety in Europe as a whole. In Sweden, our children

already travel facing backwards until they are significantly older.

Deterioration of Swedish roads due to freight trafficVTI’s HVS was used in several projects, including testing new road construction designs. One project involved finding draining paving coatings that would facilitate oxygen intake of roots and enable trees to grow in cities. Another project, which is part of a larger government mandate, involves the deterioration of Swedish roads due to freight traffic.

Safer bicyclingBicycle issues have also been in focus and received considerable media attention. Here, INFRA has been involved in efforts to develop a basis for the Swedish Transport Administration strategy for safer bicycling.

VTI’s heavy equipment frequently engaged

INFRASTRUCTURE (INFRA) DEPARTMENT

Anita Ihs, head of the INFRA department

How would you describe the past year?An intense and inspiring year, with all resources running full speed ahead.

Was there anything specific that was particularly meaningful? The formation of the European Road Profile Users’ Group (ERPUG). It’s an organisation that will serve as a network for dialogue between purchasers and providers of measuring and testing of road surfaces. The first meeting was held at the initiative of VTI and the Ramböll Group. A total of 75 people from 19 countries participated.

The INFRA department is primarily engaged in research involving road and rail engineering, as well as operations and maintenance. This category includes the VTI Crash Test Laboratory — one of Sweden’s few fully independent mechanical workshops — which produces machinery and prototypes in-house and for customers and the metrology laboratory, which develops, builds and services metrology equipment.

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THE SWEDISH NATIONAL ROAD AND TRANSPORT RESEARCH INSTITUTE (VTI)2013 ANNUAL REPORT

Important project on cost of traffic to society

SOCIETY, ENVIRONMENT AND TRANSPORT (SAMT) DEPARTMENT

A large and important initiative in 2013 involved planning projects and research that will serve as a foundation for knowledge on the socioeconomic costs of traffic, which VTI was commissioned to produce by the government of Sweden. The project will culminate in extensive information on marginal costs for all modes of transport, and cover everything from noise and air pollution to wear, accidents and congestion.

Work at SAMT involves issues related to infrastructure pricing and financing, and assessment, evaluation, monitoring, and development of models for measuring the impact (e.g., environment-related) of transport measures. SAMT also works in national, regional and local planning, and provides an analysis of the transport system with respect to availability, accessibility and safety.

Important national and international collaboration Many researchers in the department have established national and international collaborations during the year within the framework of various consortia. The aim was partly to prepare for Horizon 2020, the EU’s Research and Innovation Framework

Programme, and continue to develop research in collaboration with others. Important competence centres include the Centre for Transport Studies (CTS), Centre for Traffic Research (CTR), and the National Knowledge Centre for Public Transport (K2). Common to all these activities is that researchers in internal and external collaborative efforts tackle issues from a broad and interdisciplinary perspective, which the department views as a factor for success when addressing the forthcoming challenges in the transport sector.

Mattias Viklund, head of the SAMT departmentHow would you describe the past year?Eventful, challenging and collaboration-oriented.

Was there anything specific that was particularly meaningful? The preparations for the EU’s Research and Innovation Framework Programme, Horizon 2020, will shape research and influence the researchers’ activities for many years to come. We look forward to making a clear impression on the research horizon.

The SAMT department primarily engages in research involving the environment, humans in the transport system, planning and decision-making, traffic analysis, and transport economics

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Automation in vehicle development is clearly a hot topic given the increase in research funds allocated to the field. In 2013, VTI started several new PhD projects, including how drivers feel about entrusting parts of driving to the vehicle.

The TRAF department is engaged in research on human capabilities and limitations in traffic, traffic safety, and what influences the outcome of fatalities and injuries in traffic. The department is also in vehicle development with a focus on vehicle dynamics, tyre characteristics, and evaluation of driver assistance and active safety systems.

Simulators heavily used

VTI’s simulators have been used about twice as much this year than during an average year. Interest is growing in passenger car and truck simulation, and in train simulation. This increase is attributable in part to the effectiveness of virtual methods in the automotive industry’s efforts to develop and evaluate complex vehicle systems. Simulation is also increasingly used in research on driver behaviour, for example distractions and

driving performance associated with disabilities such as visual field loss, as well as for demonstration of future transport solutions.

Gender equality and vulnerable road usersThe EU-funded ADSEAT project, which addressed gender equality in traffic safety and resulted in a virtual female crash test dummy, ended in 2013. The model is now being used in a Vinnova-financed project in which VTI is working with Chalmers to take the next step towards virtual testing as a complement to testing in Euro NCAP, which provides car buyers in Europe with independent safety assessments. VTI also noticed an increased focus on research on vulnerable road users during the year.

Vehicle automation – one of several hot research areas

TRAFFIC AND ROAD-USER (TRAF) DEPARTMENT

Jonas Jansson, head of the TRAF department

How would you describe the past year? Intensive and exciting with many new projects and new colleagues.

Was there anything specific that was particularly meaningful? We’ve started a number of large projects in relevant areas such as electrified roads, High Capacity Transports, gender equality in traffic safety, and new methodology for testing driving skills.

The TRAF department primarily works in the research areas of vehicle technology, humans in the transport system and road safety. Also included here are VTI’s simulators and the ViP competence centre, which develops simulator use together with stakeholders such as the Swedish Transport Administration and vehicle manufacturers.

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VTI will contribute to a sustainable transport systemVTI’s main task is to conduct research and development activities according to instructions* from the government of Sweden. VTI is also a project-based authority that conducts research at the request of clients and customers.

MissionAs a government agency under the Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and Communications, VTI has the following remit according to the instructions*:

“The National Road and Transport Research Institute’s main task is to conduct research and development relating to infrastructure, traffic and transport. The Institute is dedicated to the continuous development of knowledge pertaining to the transport sector in order to actively contribute to the attainment of the goals of Swedish transport policy.”

This social mission means that VTI will contribute to the development of an efficient and sustainable transport system. The instructions also say:

“The Institute’s remit includes:1. engaging in socially motivated applied research, 2. providing interdisciplinary research environments, and 3. cooperating with universities and colleges carrying out related research and education.

The Institute may participate in international collaboration in areas relating to its remit.”

CORE VALUES | Competence, cooperation, independence.

OPERATING PRINCIPLE | VTI is a leading broad-based and customer-oriented research institute for research and development of internationally prestigious and advanced analytical work for all actors and stakeholders in the transport sector. VTI’s mission is to continuously improve knowledge of the transport sector to secure a transport supply that is efficient, safe and sustainable in the long term.

VISION | An efficient, green and safe transport system.

VTI’S MISSION AND OPERATING GOALS

*SFS 2007:964, amendment SFS 2012:13


Comments to certain key performance indicators

Publications: Peer-reviewed articles, books, book chapters, and conference papers.

Impact index: Innovations/policy impact and public impact (SOU/government mandate, documentation governing documents and standards, measurement methods, equipment, manuals, methodology, interviews and participation in national media).

International projects: Percentage of total project volume (see page 13). ERA-NET is included in the key performance indicator beginning in 2013; the 2012 and 2011 figures have therefore been adjusted.

CSI: Target level on a 6-point scale. Achievement of objectives 2012 and 2011 based on a 5-point scale.

Operating results: 2012 and 2011 measured operating results/budget. The 2012 and 2011 figures have therefore been adjusted.

Operating goals

Overarching goals VTI is dedicated to the continuous development of knowledge pertaining to the transport sector with the aim of effectively contributing to the attainment of the overarching goal of transport policy.

Operations are divided into four areas as a means of effective management. Key success factors and performance indicators for achievement of objectives have been formulated for each area.

VTI’S MISSION AND OPERATING GOALS

Goal achieved Goal not achieved No documentation

Targetarea

Activity/development Customer Employees Finances

Strategictargets

VTI is a prominent R&D institute

VTI has satisfied customers and clients

VTI is an attractive workplace

VTI has good long-term economic balance

Success factors/tools

• Activities that provide clear implementation

• Reliable testing and investigation methods

• Quality assurance/peer review

• Participation in EU and international projects

• Deliver useful products of the right quality according to agreed terms

• Efficient project management

• Opportunities for active involvement and participation in development of activities

• Stimulating R&D and workplace environment

• Actively work for equal opportunity

• Stimulate skills development

• Wellness

• Efficient use of resources

• Efficient acquisition of projects

• Strategic marketing

• Effective financial management

Key per-formanceindicators, measure-ments

• Number of publications

• Percentage of international projects

• Impact index

• Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI)

• Number of concluded projects with deficit

• SEI (Satisfied

• Employee Index)

• Health rate

• R&D personnel

• Operating results/income

• External billing rate

• Invoicing rate

Key per-formanceindicators,target level 2013

• Publications/R&D personnel 0.8

• International projects 18%

• Impact index 15

• CSI >5.0

• Deficit projects ≤5%

• SEI >65

• Health rate >97%

• Percentage with master’s or PhD degree, >40%

• Operating results/income >1%

• External billing rate 60%

• Invoicing rate >95%

Key per-formance indicators, targetfulfilment 2013 (2012; 2011)

• Publications/R&D personnel 1.3 (1.2- 0.8)

• International projects 11% (15%; 12%)

• Impact index 16 (—; —)

• CSI 4.9 (4.3; 4.2)

• Deficit project 12% (13%; 15%)

• SEI — (69; 65)

• Health rate 97.2% (97.8%; 97.2%)

• Percentage with master’s or PhD degrees 37.3% (38%; 37.2%)

• Operating results/income -1.23% (-1.8%; 0.85%)

• External billing rate 60.6% (54.2%; 55.4%)

• Invoicing rate 96.3% (96.8%; 94.4%)

Operating plans/action plans for different levels in the organisation


Transportforum – 30 yearsVTI’s Transportforum conference celebrated its 30th anniversary in January 2013. The conference has been held in Linköping in January of each year since 1984 and has gradually evolved into the largest regularly arranged transport conference in the Nordic region. In 2013, 1,600 participants attended the conference. A film presenting a historical retrospective was prepared for the conference.

Opening of new National Knowledge Centre for Public Transport – K2 K2, based in the new VTI office in Lund, has conducted intensive activity over the first of its two start-up years, 2013-2014. In the spring, a well-attended “Future Search Workshop” was arranged in Malmö to discuss K2’s future research orientation. Several outlook seminars were conducted during the year, and a large number of meetings were held with various stakeholders in public transport. A research agenda for future activities was formulated with five thematic areas of focus. Several projects have already begun, knowledge surveys were developed and four PhD students were recruited to K2 in 2013. At the same time, VTI has led efforts to develop the administrative and organisational platform for K2.

New chairperson of VTI’s Board of DirectorsAt mid-year 2013, Malin Löfsjögård took over as the new chair of VTI, Mats Persson was appointed as a new member, and in addition to the former chairperson several other members of the board stepped down at mid-year.

E-commerce implemented

To streamline State Administration pertaining to purchasing, the government of Sweden decided that government agencies with more than 50 employees must implement e-orders by July 1, 2014. VTI completed a

project during the year to introduce e-orders for some of its suppliers. Furthermore, an organisation was developed with coordinators for each category and a purchasing committee responsible for strategic procurement issues.

Fourth and fifth professor

Work continued during the year to recruit a professor of climate, energy and environmental management in the transport sector, which is VTI’s fourth professorship. VTI’s board decided that the fifth professorship will focus on Human Machine Interaction (HMI) research.

Government mandate

VTI has had three government mandates in 2013:• Provide data on track charges related to incorporation

of the so-called SERA directive• Analyse driving tests for a license from a gender

perspective.• Develop a knowledge base about transport costs to

society.

DiVA – Digital Scientific Archive

In October, VTI joined DiVA, a publishing tool for research publications and a digital archive for long-term preservation of publications. The aim is to increase visibility and distribution. Work registered in DiVA is searchable in a number of search engines such as Google and Google Scholar. Currently, 30 universities in Sweden are affiliated with DiVA.

Quality and environmental certification

In 2013, a periodic audit was carried out by DNV Certification on VTI’s quality and environmental certification ISO 9001 and ISO 14001, with the result that both certificates are still valid.

THE YEAR IN BRIEF

Participation in conferences and trade shows 2013 (selection)

January February March April May June July August September October November December

Transportforum 9-10/1,Linköping

TRB 13-17 /1, Washington D.C.

Barn, liv och trafik 5/3, Gothenburg

Kollektivtrafikdagen 14/5, Stockholm

RS4C 15-17/5, Beijing

The Almedalen Week 30/6-7/7, Visby.

T2013 International Conference 25-28/8, Brisbane

MHF Tylösand Seminar 2-4/9, Tylösand

European Aeorsol Conference 1-6/9, Prague

Nordic Rail 8-10/10, Jönköping

The 2nd national transport research conference 22-23/10, Gothenburg

Visual Arena 12/11, Gothenburg

IRTAD/OISEVI Conference 13-14/11, Buenos Aires

VTI has satisfied customers


Scientific quality

Seminars are important tools for internal scientific dialogue, not least across department and division boundaries, as well as to stimulate scientific quality in research. During the year 37 seminars were held.

The internal scientific staff continued to develop their work, and issues affecting assessment of VTI’s publication quality, internal seminar activities and the appointment of a professor in HMI were addressed. Work also included development of a publication index and an impact index for the distribution and impact of VTI research in the community.

VTI has satisfied customers

During the year, VTI maintained an active dialogue with the authorities that finance R&D, mainly the Swedish Transport Administration and Vinnova, to define research needs and market the Institute’s resources and expertise. During the autumn, a customer survey in the form of telephone interviews was conducted with the help of an external consultant. The results show that customer satisfaction remains high and that VTI lives up to expectations.

THE YEAR IN BRIEF

Participation in conferences and trade shows 2013 (selection)

January February March April May June July August September October November December

Transportforum 9-10/1,Linköping

TRB 13-17 /1, Washington D.C.

Barn, liv och trafik 5/3, Gothenburg

Kollektivtrafikdagen 14/5, Stockholm

RS4C 15-17/5, Beijing

The Almedalen Week 30/6-7/7, Visby.

T2013 International Conference 25-28/8, Brisbane

MHF Tylösand Seminar 2-4/9, Tylösand

European Aeorsol Conference 1-6/9, Prague

Nordic Rail 8-10/10, Jönköping

The 2nd national transport research conference 22-23/10, Gothenburg

Visual Arena 12/11, Gothenburg

IRTAD/OISEVI Conference 13-14/11, Buenos Aires

PHOTO: HEJDLÖSA BILDERIn January, the VTI conference Transportforum celebrated its 30th anniversary.


Achievement of the objectives for the overall operating objective is difficult to measure, but one form of performance and outcome measures that VTI uses and reports on is the extent of completed commissioned projects. In this case, completed means completed in VTI’s accounting system. Projects may run over several financial years; consequently, the number of projects completed can vary greatly from year to year. The diagram ‘Completed projects’ shows that 202 commissioned projects were

completed in 2013, compared with 216 in 2012 and 229 in 2011. Furthermore, the diagram shows the total cost for completed commissioned projects, which in 2013 was SEK 134 million, compared with SEK 126 million in 2012 and SEK 171 million in 2011. Total costs are related to how the projects focused on transport policy objectives: functional objective (accessibility) and impact objective (health, safety and environment).

In addition to reporting the scope of completed commissioned projects, reporting also addresses the overall operational objective in the form of examples of large and/or strategically important R&D projects that were completed during the year (see pages 14-15). Results that leave VTI have been generated in projects commissioned by clients, mainly because the results should be able to be translated into products, processes, activities or services that may contribute to the fulfillment of the national transport policy objectives. Consequently, results of individual VTI projects cannot be demonstrated to have an impact on the achievement of objectives at the national level until some time after the results have been implemented.

Project results are often documented in VTI’s report series. In 2013, VTI published 71 reports and statements, compared with 72 in 2012 and 67 in 2011. This figure may vary from year to year depending on the number of projects and the time for the project.

R&D clients

Another performance measure that VTI uses is the scope of the commissioned projects (income from commissioned

Income R&D and number of R&D clients

2011 2012 2013

Income from commissioned projects R&D, SEK m 141.1 135.0 141.8

Percentage financedby the Swedish Transport Admi-nistration and Vinnova

56% 49% 50%

Number of R&D clients with annual assignment volume >SEK 100,000

93 77 76

R&D and consulting in-come (SEK thousand)

2011 2012 2013

Amount % Amount % Amount %

Swedish Transport Adminis-tration

60,164 43 47,921 35 52,898 37

Vinnova 19,008 13 18,905 14 18,415 13

Other government 24,175 17 22,441 17 26,248 19

EU 10,308 7 14,145 10 9,840 7

Private 22,061 16 25,009 19 27,528 19

Other 5,371 4 6,617 5 6,830 5

Total 141,087 100 135,038 100 141,759 100

SOCIALLY MOTIVATED APPLIED RESEARCH

ResultsVTI’s overarching operating objective is to continuously improve knowledge pertaining to the transport sector with the aim of effectively contributing to the attainment of the overarching goal of transport policy (see pages 8-9).

Completed commissioned projects, SEK m and number

180

200

220

240

0

100

200

2011 2012 2013

Num

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SEK

m

Functional goal – accessibility

Impact objective – safety

Impact objective – health and environment

Number of completed projects



projects’ R&D), and how they are distributed among the larger dominant national R&D clients and other clients. VTI strives to broaden its customer base and R&D clients, and therefore chooses to report the number of R&D clients with an annual project volume greater than SEK 100,000 to monitor developments in diversification of the customer base.

The tables on page 12 show that total income from commissioned R&D projects increased to about SEK 142 million in 2013, compared with SEK 135 million in 2012. The corresponding figure in 2011 was about SEK 141 million. The two largest research clients are the Swedish Transport Administration and Vinnova, which together account for 50 per cent of income from commissioned projects in 2013, which is in line with 2012 when they accounted for 49 per cent. In 2011, the corresponding figure was 56 per cent. Similarly the number of other clients, 76 in 2013, is on a par with the previous year, 77 in 2012. The corresponding figure for 2011 was 93.

It should be mentioned that the scope of EU projects is larger than the line EU shows in the table on page 12. Most EU projects have 25 per cent (some projects up to 50 per cent) national co-financing, usually from the Swedish Transport Administration, Vinnova or VTI.

Commissioned projects’ share of total incomeIn 2013, VTI’s total income was SEK 195 million, including SEK 150 million (or 77 per cent) from commissioned projects. The corresponding percentage for 2012 was 75 per cent and for 2011 79 per cent.

Activities subject to charges

According to VTI‘s appropriation directives for financial year 2013, the economic goal is that income from fees and grants must cover at least 70 per cent of the total cost of operations.

The chart ‘Activities subject to charges’ shows that VTI’s total operational costs in 2013 amounted to SEK 198 million, while income from fees and grants was SEK 150 million, accounting for 76 per cent of total costs. The goal of 70 per cent was thus met. The corresponding percentage for 2012 was 74 per cent and for 2011 79 per cent.

As the diagram ‘Income per annual work unit’ shows, fees and grant income per annual work unit during the year totalled SEK 799,000, which is slightly higher than in 2012, which was SEK 795,000. The corresponding figure for 2011 was SEK 856,000. Total income per annual work unit amounts to SEK 1.035 million in 2013, which is somewhat

below 2012’s SEK 1.049 million. The corresponding figure for 2011 was SEK 1.080 million.

Operating results

The operating results have been positive for several years since 2008. One of the reasons for this is the increase in income from commissioned projects. In 2012, and now in 2013, however, the results were negative (see the ‘Operating outcome’ chart). The negative results in 2013 can mainly be attributable to increased costs, including higher fees to the National Government Employees Pensions Board (SPV) and larger write-downs than were budgeted. Nevertheless, income increased compared with 2012, when income from commissioned projects was SEK 144 million; it was SEK 150 million in 2013. Income from appropriations decreased by SEK 1 million between 2012 and 2013 because of appropriations savings activated in 2012. Taking into account the higher SPV fees (which are not permanent) and the reduction in appropriations, the result still improved between the years.

Income per annual work unit, SEK thousand

0

500

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2011 2012 2013

SEK

k

Fees and grant income per annual work unit

Income per annual work unit

Operating results, SEK m

-4,0

-2,0

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2,0

2011 2012 2013

SEK

m

Activities subject to charges, SEK m

0

50

100

150

200

2011 2012 2013

SEK

m

Total expenses Fees and grant income


Selection of completed projectsThis list of projects was selected to provide a representative picture of research and development results based on a sample of completed major and/or strategically important projects with external funding. In this case, completed means completed during the year in VTI’s accounting system. Projects are categorised based on the national transport policy objectives Functional objective (accessibility) and Impact objective (health, safety and environment) to demonstrate VTI’s strength in research and its contribution to achieving its objectives.

Functional goal Accessibility

Nya regler för en effektivare vinterväghållning. En förstudie.VTI Notat 38-2013Authors: Arvidsson, A; Gustavsson, T; Bogren, J.Project: Nya reglerFinancing: SEK 739,000 (The Swedish Transport Administration).

Samhällsekonomiska analyser av åtgärder i krisberedskapsarbetet – teori, metodik och tillämpning.VTI Report 789Authors: Nerhagen, L; Hultkrantz, LProject: Utvärdering åtgärder katastrofberedskapFinancing: SEK 600,000 (MSB – Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency).

Kollektivtrafikens roll för regeringens mål om fossiloberoende fordonsflotta.VTI Report 793Authors: Nilsson, J-E; Pyddoke, R; Anderson, M (WSP)Project: Överflyttning kollektivtrafikFinancing: SEK 501,000 (Utredning om fossilfri fordonsflotta 2030, Government Offices of Sweden).

Sättning Göta älv.VTI project manager: Wilhelmsson, HFinancing: SEK 902,000 (Swedish Geotechnical Institute, SGI).

Integrerad planering för skapandet av hållbara städerVTI project manager: Hrejla, RFinancing: SEK 826,000 (The Swedish Energy Agency).

OPTIC – Optimal Policies for Transport in CombinationProject in the EU’s 7th Framework Programme.VTI project manager: Isaksson, KFinancing: SEK 601,000 (EU, KTH)

Landskapsanalyser i väg- och järnvägsplaneringenVTI project manager: Antonson, HFinancing: SEK 615,000 (The Swedish Transport Administration).

EXPECT Thema A – Stakeholder expectations and perceptions of the future road and transport systemProject in the European programme CEDR.VTI project manager: Forward, SFinancing: SEK 714,000 (TRL Limited).

SMADITVTI Report 773Author: Gustafsson, SProject: SMADIT ur den misstänkte rattfylleristens perspektivFinancing: SEK 738,000 (Skyltfonden, Stiftelsen MHF:s fond för trafiksäkerhet and Rikspolisstyrelsen).

Bindemedel – diverse provning av bindemedel och avisningsprodukter samt broisoleringsmattor.VTI project manager: Kalman, BFinancing: SEK 5,458,000 (Several private financiers).

Hålrumshalt hos asfaltborrkärnor –utvärdering av provningsmetoder för bestämning av skrymdensitetVTI Notat 14-2013Authors: Viman, L; Broms, HProject: Laboratoriemetoder för hålrumsbestämningFinancing: SEK 1,207,000 (The Swedish Transport Administration).

Betong och TioMix – slitstyrka och partikelemission för betongbeläggning med TioMix-inblandningVTI project manager: Kalman, BFinancing: SEK 687,000 (Cemeta AB)




GPS-styd saltspridning. Test på avlyst bana.VTI Report 791Author: Möller, SProject: GPS-styrd saltspridningFinancing: SEK 624,000 (The Swedish Transport Administration).

Cykling och gående vid större vägarVTI Report 777Author: Hedström, RProject: Cykling vid större vägarFinancing: SEK 788,000 (Ramböll Sverige AB).

Varmsandning på gång- och cykelvägar. Utvärderingar i Umeå av för- och nackdelar med metoden.VTI Report 796Author: Niska, AProject: Utvärdering av varmsandning på GC-vägarFinancing: SEK 654,000 (The Swedish Transport Administration).

Cykelturism och effekter på lokal, regional och nationell nivå. En litteraturgenomgång samt fallstudie på cykelturister i Varberg och på GotlandVTI Notat 35-2013Authors: Liss, V; Heldt, TProject: CykelturismFinancing: SEK 902,000 (The Swedish Transport Administration).

Före och efter. Uppföljning av en järnvägsinvestering i Oslo.VTI Notat 38-2012Authors: Nyström, J; Nilsson, J-E; Pyddoke, RProject: PilotevalueringFinancing: SEK 590,000 (Concept, Gro Holst-Volden).

Impact objectiveHealth, safety and environment

ÄlgkrockprovVTI project manager: Wilhelmsson, HFinancing: SEK 1,162,000 (Folksam, Älgskadefondsföreningen, et al).

Cyklisters singelolyckor. Analys av olycks- och skadedata samt djupintervjuer.VTI Report 779Authors: Niska, A; Gustafsson, S; Nyberg, J; Eriksson, J.Project: Cyklisters olyckorFinancing: SEK 823,000 (Länsförsäkringsbolagens forskningsfond).

Förares tankar om framtida automatiserad bilkörning.VTI Report 788Authors: Nåbo, A; et alProject: FFI-HMI för aktiv säkerhet del 2Financing: SEK 1,029,000 (Vinnova).

High Speed Control of Long CombinationsVTI project manager: Augusto, BFinancing: SEK 691,000 (Private financier).

Bältesanvändning i Sverige 2012VTI Notat 7-2013Authors: Larsson, J; et alProject: Bälten 2012Financing: SEK 949,000 (The Swedish Transport Administration).

Cykelhjälmsanvändning i Sverige 1988–2012VTI Notat 12-2013Authors: Larsson, J; et alProject: Cykelhjälm 2012Financing: SEK 505,000 (The Swedish Transport Administration).

ADSEAT – Adaptive Seat to Reduce Neck Injuries for Female and Male OccupantsProject in the EU’s 7th Framwork Programme. VTI has coordinated the project.VTI project manager: Linder, AFinancing: SEK 5,973,000 (EU, The Swedish Transport Administration).

Nya regler för en effektivare vinterväghållning. En förstudie.VTI Notat 38-2013Authors: Arvidsson, A; Gustavsson, T; Bogren, JProject: Nya regler

Financing: SEK 739,000 (The Swedish Transport Administration).

SlipperyRoads påverkas förartrötthet om vägarna är hala?VTI project manager: Anund, AFinancing: SEK 538,000 (Chalmers)

Skolväg – från ord till handlingVTI project manager: Anund, AFinancing: SEK 646,000 (Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions).

ETSC (European Transport Safety Council) PIN-panelVTI project manager: Vadeby, AFinancing: SEK 567,000 (The Swedish Transport Administration).

ASSET-ROAD Advanced Safety and Driver Support in Essential Road TransportProject in the EU’s 7th Framework Programme.VTI project manager: Andersson, JFinancing: SEK 3,616,000 (EU, Vinnova).

ITERATE IT for Error Remediation And Trapping EmergenciesProject in the EU’s 7th Framework Programme. VTI has coordinated the project.VTI project manager: Peters, BFinancing: SEK 7,428,000 (EC, Vinnova).

Frivilliga klimatåtgärder på den svenska godstransportmarknaden – en intervjustudie.VTI Report 778Authors: Mellin, A; Pyddoke, RProject: Godstransporter och klimatpolitikFinancing: SEK 4,073,000 (Vinnova, The Swedish Transport Administration).

CTS Miljöval – en studie om varför vissa länder deltar i miljösamarbeten och andra inteVTI project manager: Grahn- Voorneveld, SFinancing: SEK 890,000 (KTH).

Functional goalAccessibility

”The design, function and use of the transport system will contribute to providing everyone with basic accessibility of good quality and functionality, and to development capacity throughout the country. The transport system will also be gender equal.”

Impact objectiveHealth, safety and environment

”The design, function and use of the transport system will be adapted to eliminate fatal and serious accidents. It will also contribute to the achievement of environmental quality objectives and better health conditions.”


Transport policy goal


Large increase in scientific publicationsPublished peer-reviewed articles are included in the calculation of the performance indicator for publications that VTI monitors as a measure of research quality (see page 9). Below are articles published in periodicals in 2013. In all, 74 articles were published in 2013, compared with 43 in 2012 and 44 in 2011.


Ahlström, C; Kircher, K; Kircher, AA gaze-based driver distraction warning system and its effect on visual behavior(2013) IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 14(2), art. no. 6476020, pp. 965-973

Ahlström, C; Nyström, M; Holmqvist, K, Fors, C; Sandberg, D; Anund, A; Kecklund, G; Åkerstedt, TFit-for-duty test for estimation of drivers’ sleepiness level: Eye movements improve the sleep/wake predictor(2013) Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 26, pp. 20–32.

Ahmed, AW; Biligiri, KP; Hakim, H An algorithm to estimate rational values of phase angles and moduli of asphalt mixtures(2013) International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 6(6), pp. 745-754

Ahmed, AW; Erlingsson, SEvaluation of permanent deformation models for unbound granular materials using accelerated pavement tests(2013) Road Materials and Pavement Design, 14(1), pp. 178-195

Andersson, A; Nyberg, P; Sehammar, H; Öberg, PVehicle powertrain test bench co-simulation with a moving base simulator using a pedal robot(2013) SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Electronic and Electrical Systems, 6(1), pp. 169-179

Andersson, H; Jonsson, L; Ögren, MBenefit measures for noise abatement: Calculations for road and rail traffic noise(2013) European Transport Research Review, 5(3), pp. 135-148

Andersson, H; Ögren, MCharging the Polluters: A Pricing Model for Road and Railway Noise (2013) Journal of Transport Economics and Policy (JTEP), 47(3), pp. 313-333

Andersson, H; Hammitt, JK; Lindberg, G; Sundström, KWillingness to pay and sensitivity to time framing: a theoretical analysis and an application on car safety(2013) Environmental and Resource Economics, 56(3), pp. 437-456

Antonson, H; Ahlström, C; Wiklund, M; Blomqvist, G; Mardh, SCrash barriers and driver behavior: a simulator study(2013) Traffic Injury Prevention, 14(8), pp. 874-880

Anund A; Fors C; Hallvig D; Åkerstedt T; Kecklund GObserver Rated Sleepiness and Real Road Driving: An Explorative Study. (2013) PLoS ONE, 8(5), e64782

Bagdadi, OAssessing safety critical braking events in naturalistic driving studies(2013) Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 16, pp. 117–126

Bagdadi, O; Várhelyi, ADevelopment of a method for detecting jerks in safety critical events(2013) Accident Analysis and Prevention, 50, pp. 83 - 91

Bagdadi, OEstimation of the severity of safety critical events(2013) Accident Analysis and Prevention, 50, pp. 167–174

Biligiri, KP; Kalman, B; Samuelsson, AUnderstanding the fundamental material properties of low-noise poroelastic road surfaces(2013) International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 14(1), pp. 12–23

Bruzelius, F; Fernandez, JG; Augusto, BA basic vehicle dynamics model for driving simulators(2013) International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing, 8(4), pp. 364-385.

Cacciabue, PC; Enjalbert, S; Söderberg, H; Tapani, AUnified Driver Model simulation and its application to the automotive, rail and maritime domains(2013) Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 21, pp. 315-327.

Carsten, O; Kircher, K; Jamson, SVehicle-based studies of driving in the real world: The hard truth?(2013) Accident Analysis and Prevention, 58, pp. 162-174

Cashmore, M; Richardson, T; Axelsson, ASeeing power in international development cooperation: environmental policy integration and the World Bank(2013) Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, published online: 22 March

Ceci, R; Patten, C; Mårdh, SAn evaluation of the interior design of the Stockholm bypass tunnel - A driving simulator study(2013) Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 8020 LNAI (PART 2), pp. 3-11

Dahlström, Ö; Danielsson, H; Andersson, J; Rönnberg, JThe applied value of collaborative memory research in aging - Some critical comments(2013) Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 2(2), pp. 122-123

Denby, BR; Sundvor, I; Johansson, C; Pirjola, L; Ketzel, M; Norman, M; Kupiainen, K; Gustafsson, M; Blomqvist, G; Omstedt, GA coupled road dust and surface moisture model to predict non-exhaust road traffic induced particle emissions (NORTRIP). Part 1: Road dust loading and suspension modelling(2013) Atmospheric Environment, 77, pp. 283-300




Denby, BR; Sundvor, I; Johansson, C; Pirjola, L; Ketzel, M; Norman, M; Kupiainen, K; Gustafsson, M; Blomqvist, G; Kauhaniemi, M; Omstedt, GA coupled road dust and surface moisture model to predict non-exhaust road traffic induced particle emissions (NORTRIP). Part 2: surface moisture and salt impact modeling(2013) Atmospheric Environment, 81, pp. 485–503

Denier van der Gon, HAC; Gerlofs-Nijland, ME; Gehrig, R; Gustafsson, M; Janssen, N; Harrison, RM; Hulskotte, J; Johansson, C; Jozwicka, M; Keuken, M; Krijgsheld, K; Ntziachristos, L; Riediker, M; Cassee, FRThe policy relevance of wear emissions from road transport, now and in the future: An international workshop report and consensus statement(2103) Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 63(2), pp. 136–149

Dukic, T; Ahlström, C; Patten, C; Kettwich, C; Kircher, KEffects of Electronic Billboards on Driver Distraction(2013) Traffic Injury Prevention, 14(5), pp. 469-476

Eriksson, G; Svenson, O; Eriksson, LThe time-saving bias: Judgements, cognition and perception(2013) Judgment and Decision Making, 8(4), pp. 492-497

Erlingsson, S; Ahmed, AWFast layered elastic response program for the analysis of flexible pavement structures(2013) Road Materials and Pavement Design, 14(1), pp. 196-210

Falkmer, T; Horlin, C; Dahlman, J; Dukic, T; Barnett, T; Anund, AUsability of the SAFEWAY2SCHOOL system in children with cognitive disabilities(2013) European Transport Research Review, pp. 1-11. Published online September 2013

Folkeson, L; Antonson, H; Helldin, JO Planners’ views on cumulative effects. A focus-group study concerning transport infrastructure planning in Sweden(2013) Land Use Policy, 30(1), pp. 243–253

Genell, A; Västfjäll, DExperience and information content affect interior vehicle sound quality assessments(2013) International Journal of Vehicle Noise and Vibration, 9(1-2), pp. 47-60

van der Gon, HACD; Gerlofs-Nijland, ME; Gehrig, R; Gustafsson, M; Janssen, N; Harrison, RM; Hulskotte, J; Johansson, C; Jozwicka, M; Keuken, M; Krijgsheld, K; Ntziachristos, L; Riediker, M; Cassee, FRThe Policy Relevance of Wear Emissions from Road Transport, Now and in the Future: An International Workshop Report and Consensus Statement

(2013) Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 63 (2), pp 136-149

Gospic, K; Sundberg, M; Maeder, J; Fransson, P; Petrovic, P; Isacsson, G; Karlström, A; Ingvar, MAltruism costs – the cheap signal from amygdala(2013) Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Advance access published August 25, 2013

Grahn-Voorneveld, SThe effects of decentralized capacity decisions for congested self-financed roads(2013) Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 56, pp. 49-60

Hallvig, D; Anund, A; Fors, C; Kecklund, G; Karlsson, JG; Wahde, M; Åkerstedt, TSleepy driving on the real road and in the simulator: A comparison(2013) Accident Analysis and Prevention, 50, pp. 44–50.

Hansson, LHybrid steering cultures in the governance of public transport: A successful way to meet demands?(2013) Research in Transportation Economics , 39(1), pp. 175 - 184 .

Hedegaard Sørensen, C; Isaksson, K; Macmillen, J; Åkerman, J; Kressler, FStrategies to manage barriers in policy formation and implementation of road pricing packages


(2013) Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Available online 26 November 2013

Hrelja, R; Isaksson, K; Richardson, TChoosing conflict on the road to sustainable mobility: A risky strategy for breaking path dependency in urban policy making(2013) Transportation resarch Part : Policy and practice, 49, pp. 195-205;

Hu, S; Zheng, G; Peters, BDriver fatigue detection from electroencephalogram spectrum after electrooculography artefact removal(2013) IET Intelligent Transport Systems, 7(1), pp. 105-113

Isacsson, G; Karlström, A; Swärdh, J-EThe value of commuting time in an empirical on-the-job search model – an application based on moments from two samples(2013) Applied Economics, 45 (19), pp. 2827–2837

Johannsen, H; Adolph, T; Edwards, M., Lazaro, I; Versmissen, T; Thomson, RProposal for a Frontal Impact and Compatibility Assessment Approach Based on the European FIMCAR Project

(2013) Traffic Injury Prevention, 14(SUPPL1), pp. S105-S115

de Jong, G; Vierth, I; Tavasszy, L; Ben-Akiva, MRecent developments in national and international freight transport models within Europe(2013) Transportation, 40(2), pp. 347-371

Jussila Hammes, JThe Political Economy of Infrastructure Planning in Sweden (2013) Journal of Transport Economics and Policy (JTEP), 47(3), pp. 437-452

Kircher, K; Andersson, JTruck Drivers’ Opinion on Road Safety in Tanzania – A Questionnaire Study(2013) Traffic Injury Prevention, 14(1), pp. 103-111

Kircher, K; Larsson, A; Hultgren, JATactical driving behavior with different levels of automation(2013) IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transport Systems, published online 21 October 2013

Krüger, NA; Haglund, AConsumer value of fuel choice flexibility – a case study of the flex-fuel car in

Sweden(2013) European Transport Research Review, 5(4), pp. 207-215 Krüger, NFatal connections-socioeconomic determinants of road accident risk and drunk driving in Sweden(2013) Journal of Safety Research, 46, pp. 59-65

Legrand, S-A; Gjerde, H; Isalberti, C; Van der Linden, T; Lillsunde, P; Dias, MJ; Gustafsson, S; Ceder, G; Verstraete, AG Prevalence of alcohol, illicit drugs and psychoactive medicines in killed drivers in four European countries(2013) International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, Published online 09 Jan 2013.

Linder, A; Schick, S; Hell, W; Svensson, M; Carlsson, A; Lemmen, P; Schmitt, K-U; Gutsche, A; Tomasch, EADSEAT – Adaptive seat to reduce neck injuries for female and male occupants(2013) Accident Analysis and Prevention, 60, pp. 334-343

Lüdtke, A; Tango, F; Hjälmdahl, M; Peters, BResults on risk-based design and driver




modelling from the two european projects: ISi-PADAS and ITERATE(2013) Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 21, pp. 267-268.

Mandell, S; Nyström, JToo much balance in unbalanced biding(2013) Studies in Microeconomics, 1(1), pp. 23-35

Mikusinski, G; Blicharska, M; Antonson, H; Henningsson, M; Göransson, G; Angelstam, P; Seiler, AIntegrating Ecological, Social and Cultural Dimensions in the Implementation of the Landscape Convention(2013) Landscape Research, 38 (3), pp. 384-393

Mårdh, S; Nägga, K; Samuelsson, SA longitudinal study of semantic memory impairment in patients with Alzheimer’s disease(2013) Cortex , 49 (2), pp. 528 - 533 .

Mårdh, S; Karlsson, T; Marcusson; JAspects of awareness in patients with Alzheimer’s disease(2013) International Psychogeriatrics, 25(7), pp. 1167-1179

Mårdh, SWeak central coherence in patients with Alzheimer’s disease(2013) Neural Regeneration Research, 8(8), pp. 760-766.

Næss, P; Hansson, L; Richardson, T; Tennøy, AKnowledge-based land use and transport planning? Consistency and gap between ”state-of-the-art” knowledge and knowledge claims in planning documents in three Scandinavian city regions(2013) Planning Theory and Practice, 14(4), pp. 470-491.

Nash, C; Nilsson, J-E; Link, HComparing Three Models for Introduction of Competition into Railways (2013) Journal of Transport Economics and Policy (JTEP), 47(2), pp. 191-206

Nilsson, J-E; Pyddoke, R; Hultén, S; Alexandersson, GDevelopments in transport policy: The liberalisation of railway passenger transport in Sweden(2013) Journal of Transport Economics and Policy, 47 (PART2), pp. 307-312

Nilsson, J-E; Pyddoke, R; Hultén, S; Alexandersson, GThe Liberalisation of Railway Passenger Transport in Sweden (2013) Journal of Transport Economics

and Policy (JTEP), 47(2), pp. 307-312

Radun, I; Ahlstrom, CLetter to the Editor: Electronic Billboards and Driver Distraction(2013) Traffic Injury Prevention, 14 (5), pp. 554-555

Rudin-Brown, CM;Young, KL; Patten, C; Lenné, MG; Ceci, RDriver distraction in an unusual environment: Effects of text-messaging in tunnels(2013) Accident Analysis and Prevention, 50, pp. 122-129

Saevarsdottir, T; Erlingsson, SEffect of moisture content on pavement behaviour in a heavy vehicle simulator test(2013) Road Materials and Pavement Design, 14(SUPPL.1), pp. 274-286

Saevarsdottir, T; Erlingsson, SWater impact on the behaviour of flexible pavement structures in an accelerated test(2013) Road Materials and Pavement Design, 14(2), pp. 256-277

Said, SF; Hakim, H; Eriksson, ORheological characterization of asphalt concrete using a shear box(2013) Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 41(4), pp. 602-610

Salour, F; Erlingsson, S Investigation of a pavement structural behaviour during spring thaw using falling weight deflectometer(2013) Road materials and pavement design, 14 (1), pp. 141-158

Salour, F; Erlingsson, SMoisture-sensitive and stress-dependent behavior of unbound pavement materials from in situ falling weight deflectometer tests(2013) Transportation Research Record, (2335), pp. 121-129

Sandberg, UWhat is the biggest threat to health and safety: Quiet or noisy vehicles?(2013) The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 134 (5), pp. 3979-3979

Smith, MG; Croy, I; Ögren, M; Persson Waye, KOn the Influence of Freight Trains on Humans: A Laboratory Investigation of the Impact of Nocturnal Low Frequency Vibration and Noise on Sleep and Heart Rate.(2013) PLoS ONE, 8(2), e55829.

Storbjörk, S; Isaksson, K Learning is our Achilles heel. Conditions

for long-term environmental policy integration in Swedish regional development programming(2013) Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. Published online 13 May 2013

Svenson, O; Eriksson, G; Mertz, CKDebiasing overoptimistic beliefs about braking capacity(2013) Accident Analysis and Prevention, 58, pp. 75-80

Svensson, T; Summerton, J; Hrelja, RThe politics of speed - local and regional actors’ views on speed limits, traffic safety and mobility in Sweden(2013) European Transport Research Review. Published online July 2013

Thorslund, B; Peters, B; Lidestam, B; Lyxell, BCognitive workload and driving behavior in persons with hearing loss(2013) Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 21, pp. 113-121.

Thorslund, B; Peters, B; Herbert, N; Holmqvist, K; Lidestam, B; Black, A; Lyxell, BHearing loss and a supportive tactile signal in a navigation system: Effects on driving behavior and eye movements.(2013) Journal of Eye Movement Research, 6(5), pp. 1-9.

Thorslund, B; Peters, B; Lyxell, B; Lidestam, BThe influence of hearing loss on transport safety and mobility(2013) European Transport Research Review, 5 (3), pp. 117-127

Thøgersen, F; Gregoire, C; Stryk, J; Hornych, P; Descantes, Y; Chazallon, C; Blasl, A; Broere, P; Bizjak, KF; Hellman, F; Arm, MRecycling of road materials into new unbound road layers – main practice in selected European countries(2013) Road Materials and Pavement Design, 14 (2), pp. 438-444

Åkerstedt, T; Hallvig, D; Anund, A; Fors, C; Schwarz, J; Kecklund, GHaving to stop driving at night because of dangerous sleepiness – awareness, physiology and behaviour(2013) Journal of Sleep Research, 22 (4), pp. 380-388



Startup of public transport competence centre One important task included in VTI’s instructions* is to provide interdisciplinary research environments. The Institute participates in several national research centres, networks, and industry programmes for transport-related research and development.

Virtual Prototyping and Assessment by Simulation – ViP

ViP is a national competence centre that is led and coordinated by VTI. The goal of the centre is to build a strong national expertise platform and serve as a resource for driving simulators with an emphasis on the human-technology interface. Automotive companies, transport authorities and technology companies participate in this collaborative effort. ViP currently has 10 partners.

VTI participated in 16 projects in 2013; the Institute was project manager in six of these projects. The centre is financed by Vinnova and the participating parties. VTI contributed SEK 2.5 million to help fund this initiative in 2013, which is the same amount as in 2012 and 2011.

www.vipsimulation.se

Centre for Transport Studies – CTS

The CTS aims to be an internationally highly regarded research environment to improve skills in the transport sector in the long-term, and contribute to improving the quality of and basis for decision-making in the transport sector. Universities and colleges, transport authorities and technology companies participate in this collaborative effort. VTI currently participates with eight additional partners.

The centre conducted 32 projects in 2013 and VTI participated in all of them; the number of projects in 2012 was the same. VTI contributed SEK 2.9 million to help fund this initiative in 2013, compared with SEK 4 million in 2012.

www.kth.se/cm/start/abe/centra/cts

National Knowledge Centre for Public Transport – K2

VTI, Lund University and Malmö University are working together to build K2, a national public transport research centre. The remit came from Vinnova in late 2012 and operations began in January 2013. For VTI, this means the realisation of a long-standing commitment to a public transport competence centre. K2 is located in Lund and VTI has a clear role as its administrative host.

The vision is to make Sweden an international role model with respect to public transport as part of the development of sustainable and attractive metropolitan areas.

Currently, K2 has six partners that also finance the centre along with Formas, the Swedish Transport Administration and Vinnova.

www.k2centrum.se

The Centre for Eco 2 Vehicle Design – ECO 2

The centre is coordinated by KTH and is a research environment for vehicle development. The vision is to be an international collaborative consortium of industry, academia and community partners who are world-leading innovators in technology solutions for sustainable automotive development. There are currently 11 partners.

Two projects focusing on electric vehicle use and traffic modelling have been initiated within the Transport Research Environment with Novel Perspectives (TRENoP), which overlaps with ECO 2 activities. In 2013, VTI contributed SEK 100,000 to help fund this initiative.

www.eco2vehicledesign.kth.se


INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH ENVIRONMENTS


The Vehicle and Traffic Safety Centre at Chalmers – SAFER

VTI sits on the Board of Directors of SAFER, and is also represented in the management team and several reference groups. The centre focuses on traffic safety research and is building an important foundation for cooperation involving participants from the Swedish automotive industry and the rest of the business community, as well as institutions, universities and colleges. SAFER currently has 22 partners.

In 2013, 17 projects were conducted at VTI, which was the same number as in 2012. Research at the centre receives core funding from Vinnova, but is also supported by external financing such as the EU’s Seventh Framework Programme. From 2011 through 2013, VTI contributed SEK 2 million per year to help fund this initiative.

www.chalmers.se/safer

BVFF (Bana Väg för framtiden – BVFF)

BVFF is an industry programme involving VTI, KTH, the Swedish Transport Administration, and LTU with a focus on collaboration in research and development, technical equipment and education. The offices and manager of BVFF are located at VTI. The programme aims to develop the industry and society’s ability to meet present and future demands for efficient road and rail infrastructure,

while strengthening relevant parts of the Swedish construction industry.

In 2013, VTI participated in 47 projects and contributed SEK 3 million to help fund this initiative, the same amount as in 2012.

www.bvff.se

Centre for Traffic Research – CTR

The CTR competence centre, which was created by VTI and KTH, has its headquarters at the Department of infrastructure, KTH. CTR initiates, coordinates, and conducts research and development in analysis and simulation of traffic processes. The centre is also a national resource for research and knowledge transfer, and fosters international researcher exchange. The goal of VTI’s participation at CTR is to raise the quality of analysis and simulation of traffic processes research. In cooperation with the Swedish Transport Administration, the Institute is

also involved in strengthening the relevance of its research with respect to policy.

In 2013, a series of projects were initiated involving transport for sustainable urban development: walking, bicycling and public transport in collaboration.

In 2013, VTI contributed SEK 200,000. The corresponding figure for 2012 is SEK 250,000.

www.ctr.kth.se

PHOTO: THINKSTOCK

INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH ENVIRONMENTS


VTI currently collaborates with several universities and colleges through the Institute’s professorships, long-term doctoral programmes, degree projects, research projects, commissioned projects, and networks.

VTI’s professorships

According to its instructions* VTI may employ a total of five researchers as professors as part of increased collaboration with universities and colleges. Three of these positions are already filled.

Work continued in 2013 to promote research related to a professorship in climate, energy and environmental efficiency of transport systems, which is VTI’s fourth professorship. VTI’s board also decided that the fifth professorship will focus on Human -Machine Interaction (HMI). The recruitment process will continue in 2014.

PhD programme

VTI’s doctoral programme strengthens its knowledge base and also contributes to the supply of long-term skills for the transport sector. The programme was completed according to plan in 2013 and is partly financed by appropriation funding — SEK 5.6 million in 2013, compared with SEK 5.5 million in 2012 and SEK 5.6 million in 2011. In 2013, 25 employees were enrolled as PhD students. The corresponding figures in 2012 and 2011 were 21 and 19, respectively.

Degree projects

VTI cooperates with universities and colleges through degree projects carried out at the Institute. Common partners are the Linköping University and Chalmers. In 2013, 16 degree projects were carried out, compared with 17 in 2012 and 7 in 2011. Of these 16 projects, 3 involved foreign students conducting degree projects at VTI; the corresponding figures for 2012 and 2011 were 5 and 4, respectively. VTI considers degree projects to be an important contribution towards providing future skills.


Professors at VTI

Jan-Eric NilssonTransport economicsAppointed in collaboration with KTH

Sigurdur ErlingssonHighway engineeringAppointed in collaboration with KTH and the University of Iceland

Jane Summerton (leave of absence) Technology and social changeAppointed in collaboration with Linköping University

Qualified as associate professor 2013

Björn Peters Cognitive systems, Linköping University, Institute of Technology

Safwat SaidHighway engineering, Lund University, Institute of Technology

COLLABORATION WITH UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES

Collaboration strengthens VTI’s knowledge baseCollaborating with universities and colleges engaged in related research is part of VTI’s remit according to the Institute’s instructions*.

37.3%of employees have a

licentiate or doctorate degree.

25doctoral students have been

at VTI during the year.


Research projects and commissioned projects

To measure performance of participation in research and commissioned projects, VTI has chosen to monitor the extent of collaborative research and the number of commissioned projects. Research collaboration with Swedish universities and colleges refers to the total value of R&D projects that are conducted to some extent in collaboration with universities and colleges during the year. Such projects may be carried out either as part of national research centres or other direct project collaborations. The number of commissioned projects at universities and colleges refers to commissioned projects that VTI employees had in terms of positions as professor, adjunct professor or associate professor.

Below are the commissioned projects (13) that VTI employees had in 2013. The corresponding figures for 2012 and 2011 were 11 and 10, respectively.

• Professor at University of Iceland• Visiting Professor at Linköping University• Associate Professor at Royal Institute of Technology

(three projects)

• Associate Professor at Linköping University (four projects)

• Associate Professor at Stockholm University• Associate Professor at Dalarna University• Associate Professor at Chalmers• Associate Professor at Lund Institute of Technology


PHOTO: LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY / GÖRAN BILLESON

Number of ongoing projects in collaboration with universities and colleges as well as SEK m

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2011 2012 2013

Num

ber

SEK

m

SEK m Number


Networks

TRENoP – Transport research environment with novel perspectives

TRENoP is a transport research environment in collaboration with Linköping University and KTH. The vision is “to enable the transformation of the transport system of today into a greener, smarter and safer system through the integration of policy and technology with a systems perspective”. The research focuses on ground transportation with innovative technology and policy concepts.

In 2013, cooperation continued with municipalities and other stakeholders with respect to the development of urban logistics. VTI participated in a collaborative project with PostNord AB, along with a number of municipalities, SALAR and other researchers. VTI worked in cooperation with CLOSER and Linköping University on FORUM’s remit to develop a roadmap for urban logistics, where the focus is on developing models and tools, from an urban planning perspective, for implementation and assessment of sustainable freight transport systems.

Work continued on the development of new driver behaviour models for traffic simulation as part of a

collaborative effort between VTI and a guest researcher from Leeds University.

A large project on driver attitudes and expectations of vehicles with electric or hybrid powertrains was initiated in the autumn of 2013. The project is a collaborative effort with Linköping University.

FAST

FAST is an interdisciplinary research network that VTI founded with the Department of Thematic Studies — Technology and Social Change, and Culture Studies, at Linköping University. The network aims to initiate new social sciences and humanities research in the field of transport, and provide a forum for the exchange of research ideas and dissemination of research findings.

During 2013, network members participated in several sessions at Transportforum. A joint publication was prepared in English in which material from various research projects within FAST will be presented to an international scientific audience.


PHOTO: KATJA KIRCHER


Successful participation in the EU’s Seventh Framework ProgrammeAccording to VTI’s instructions* the Institute may participate in international collaboration in areas relating to its remit.

VTI has clear international ties through its participation in EU projects, involvement in organisations and networks, participation in scientific committees, bilateral collaborations, and international standardisation initiatives. Participation strengthens VTI’s position as a prominent research institute with activities of high scientific quality. Participation also contributes to the dissemination and implementation of project results in the Swedish and international transport system.

EU research programme and CEDR

VTI’s involvement in European collaborations applies primarily to participation in the EU’s Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Development (2007-2013). For VTI, Transport and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) are the thematic areas of primary interest. In addition to these themes, transportation aspects can also be found in the theme Environment, Energy and Safety. In 2013, VTI submitted applications within the call for ICT.

VTI has had a long-term objective for participation in the EU’s Seventh Framework Programme, meaning that participation should increase in relation to earlier framework programmes. In the Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006), the Institute was involved in about 20 research projects, including three as project coordinator. In the Seventh Framework, VTI has participated in over 30 research projects, including five as project coordinator. It can thus be concluded that the Institute successfully participated in both EU framework programmes.

Work at the EU level, where national road administrations jointly fund research, is carried out in collaboration under the Conference of European Directors of Roads (CEDR). VTI submitted several applications to the CEDR Transnational Road Research Programme Call 2013, which closed in December 2013, in the thematic areas Aging Infrastructure Management, Traffic Management, and Roads and Wildlife. In general, cooperation with CEDR projects is becoming an increasingly important project category for VTI.

INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION


PHOTO: THINKSTOCK



PHOTO: THINKSTOCK

VTI was coordinator in the following projects:

ADSEAT – Adaptive Seat to Reduce Neck Injuries for Female and Male Occupants (project started in 2009). www.adseat.eu

TRIMM – Tomorrow’s Road Infrastructure Monitoring and Management (project started in 2011).www.trimm.fehrl.org

VTI was involved in the project consortium in the following projects:

TransTools3 – Tools for Transport Forecasting and Scenario testing (project started in 2011).www.transportmodel.eu

DECOMOBIL – Design for Eco-multimodal Mobility (project started in 2011). www.decomobil.humanist-vce.eu

TRANSFORuM – Transforming European Transport through an active Actors Forum (project started in 2013).www.transforum-project.eu

ENDURANCE – EU-wide establishment of enduring national and European support networks for sustainable urban mobility (project started in 2013). www.epomm.eu/endurance

PERSUADE – PoroElastic Road SUrface: an innovation to Avoid Damages to the Environment (project started in 2009).www.persuade.fehrl.org

CONSOL – Road safety in the ageing societies (project started in 2011). www.consolproject.eu

SMARTrail – Smart Maintenance and Analysis of Transport Infrastructure (project started in 2011). www.smartrail.fehrl.org

EUtrain – European Transport Research Area International cooperation activities (project started in 2011). www.eutrain-project.eu

ecoDriver – Supporting the driver in conserving energy and reducing emissions (project started in 2011). www.ecodriver-project.eu

INCRIS – Improving International Cooperation and R&D Road Infrastructure Strategy for Ukraine (project started in2011). www.incris.fehrl.org

HF Auto – Human Factors of automated driving (project started in 2013).

ROSANNE – Rolling resistance, Skid resistance, and Noise Emission measurement standards for road Surfaces (project started in 2013).

SAVELEC – Safe control of non-cooperative vehicles through electromagnetic means (project started in 2012). www.savelec-project.eu

CITYMOVE – City multi-role optimized vehicle (project started in 2010). www.citymoveproject.eu

PARTICIPATION IN THE EU’S SEVENTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME 2013


Participation in CEDR

• He Road – Holistic evaluation of road assessment, coordinated by VTI.

• TOOLBOX – a method to select maintenance candidates, coordinated by VTI.

• ASAP - Appropriate Speed saves All People, coordinated by VTI.

• SUNRA – Sustainability National Road Administrations.• EXPECT – Stakeholder expectations and perceptions of

the future road transport system.• STARs – Scoring Traffic at Roadworks.• AsCam – Effective Asset Management Meeting Future

Challenges.• MIRAVEC - Modelling Infrastructure influence on Road

Vehicle Energy Consumption.• Shape IT-Stepping stones - Shaping sustainable

transport patterns in European cities.• SAVeRS - Selection of Appropriate Vehicle Restraint

Systems.

Participation in ERA-NET Transport

• EVERSAFE – Everyday Safety for Electric Vehicles, coordinated by VTI.

• Senior Life Transition - Senior Life Transition Points and their Implications for Everyday Mobility.

Participation in other EU collaborative projects

• QSIDE - The positive effects of quiet facades and quiet urban areas on traffic noise annoyance and sleep disturbance. A project within the Life+-programme.

European institute collaboration

In 2013, VTI continued to participate in the three umbrella organisations for transport research institutes. Such collaboration provides opportunities to influence the direction of EU research programmes, prepare project applications and facilitate formation of consortia. VTI has participated in the new EU project applications and in thematic work groups within the framework of the three organisations;

• FEHRL, Forum of European Highway Research Laboratories

• ECTRI, European Conference of Transport Research Institutes

• FERSI, Forum of European Road Safety Institutes.

Other international collaboration and involvement

In addition to the three organisations FEHRL, ECTRI and FERSI, VTI is dedicated to extensive participation in international collaborative efforts. Our national and international networks and alliances are a guarantee of the width, depth and multidisciplinary approach to the production of knowledge. Here are some examples:

• NVF – The Nordic Road Association• PIARC – World Road Association• TRB – Transportation Research Board• GRSP – Global Road Safety Partnership• ETSC – European Transport Safety Council• CEN – European Committee for Standardization, • IRTAD – International Traffic Safety Data and Analysis

Group (under OECD/ITF)• ITRD – International Transport Research Documentation

(under OECD/ITF)• JTRC – The Joint OECD-ECMT Transport Research

Centre.


One key performance indicator that VTI monitors is the percentage of international orders of the total order volume (see page 9). Although the goal for 2013 was 18 per cent, the outcome was 11 per cent, which means that the goal was not met. The corresponding figures were 15 per cent for 2012 and 12 per cent for 2011. The decreased volume of orders for international projects may be attributable to the reduction in EU income due to the shift in its framework programme.

Since most EU projects are also funded nationally to fully cover the costs, the total income from VTI’s participation in EU projects was even greater than indicated by the figures in the table to the left. In certain types of EU projects co-financing can be up to 50 per cent.

Income from and number of foreign clients

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

2011 2012 2013

Num

ber

SEK

m

EU ERA-NET Private

Other Number



The Road Safety on Four Continents conference was arranged May 15-17, 2013 in Beijing by VTI, together with VTI’s Chinese counterpart Research Institute of Highways (RIOH). PHOTO: KENT GUSTAFSON

International events in brief

New European forum on road surface measurement formedIn 2013, VTI and the Ramböll Group formed the European Road Profile Users’ Group (ERPUG), a network for dialogue between purchasers and providers of measuring and testing road surfaces. The organisation held its first meeting and conference in September when 75 participants from 19 European countries gathered in Copenhagen, Denmark. The programme included 20 presentations and time for networking.

www.erpug.org

RS4C - Road Safety on Four Continents

VTI arranged the RS4C international traffic safety conference for the fourteenth time in May 2013. The conference was held in Beijing, China in cooperation with local Chinese hosts and was attended by a few hundred international road safety researchers.

www.vti.se/rs4c

Memorandum of Understanding with Chinese and Korean partners

In conjunction with the International Road Safety Conference RS4C in Beijing, China in May, VTI signed a cooperation agreement with the Chinese Research Institute of Highways (RIOH) for collaboration on matters such as simulator technology. Later that month, VTI signed cooperation agreements with the Korean Transportation Safety Authority (KOTSA) and the Korean Transport Institute (KOTI).

The Nordic Road Association (NVF) administrative office moved to VTINVF moved its Swedish administrative office from the Transport Administration to VTI in the spring.

NVF is a Nordic industry organisation with about 320 member organisations. The work is distributed among 16 committees in various disciplines. VTI researchers are represented on various committees and the Institute’s Director General, Jonas Bjelfvenstam, is vice-chairman of the Swedish NVF department board of directors.

www.nvfnorden.org

VTI Research Director appointed for expert role in the EU’s framework programme Horizon Horizon 2020 is the EU’s new framework programme for research and innovation. The programme will run from 2014-2020 and will have a total budget of around EUR 70 billion. In 2013, VTI’s Astrid Linder was chosen to serve on one of the programme’s expert groups, “Smart, Green and Integrated Transport”.

Members of the group, who were selected from 15,000 candidates, are tasked with providing consistent and consolidated advice to the Commission during the preparation of the framework programme. The purpose is to provide optimum conditions for EU research and innovation in the relevant field. The contract runs for two years with an option to extend for another two years.

Study visitsVTI hosted numerous study visits from international participants in 2013. In the fall, a group from the Chinese Research Institute of Highways (RIOH) and Tongji University visited VTI’s simulator SIM IV in Gothenburg, Sweden. Another group from the University of Seoul in South Korea visited VTI in Linköping, where the focus was on road construction, especially for 2+1 roads. A Danish group visited in November to study how to prevent right-turn accidents between trucks and bicyclists. In addition, a number of study visits were associated with meetings related to VTI’s ongoing EU projects.

29

Total financing (amount in SEK thousand)

2011 2012 2013

Income Expenses Income Expenses Income Expenses

Appropriation 39,013 39,013 45,626 45,626 44,371 44,371

Fees 105,188 105,807 110,513 114,080 114,456 115,932

Grant 43,802 42,291 32,635 33,138 35,752 37,140

Financial income/expenses 1,096 379 1,242 529 812 350

Total excl. appropriation 150,086 148,478 144,391 147,747 151,019 153,422

TOTAL 189,099 187,491 190,017 193,373 195,390 197,793

Distribution of total income and expenses.


Appropria-tion use Outcome in SEK thousand Outcome (%)

2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013

BIC 4,725 5,317 5,779 12.1 11.7 13.0

EU 5,630 5,639 4,405 14.4 12.4 9.9

R&D 20,447 22,816 19,669 52.4 50.0 44.3

Komp. utv. 7,233 5,474 5,570 18.5 12.0 12.6

Skills dev. 978 6,380 8,949 2.5 14.0 20.2

TOTAL 39,013 45,626 44,371 100 100 100

New way to report appropriation allocation beginning in 2012; skills development only includes PhD funding. “Other” includes Institute-wide projects.

USE OF VTI’S APPROPRIATIONS

Use of VTI’s appropriationsVTI’s appropriations were used for various activities with consideration of the instructions in the appropriation directives.

Funds from the 2013 appropriations were mainly used to co-finance national competence centres, doctoral programmes, and the national transport research library BIC, which provides national and international information services. Appropriation funding was also used for various types of initiatives when VTI was involved in European transport research. Similarly, the funds were used to enable VTI’s participation in international cooperative organisations and networks such as the OECD, ECTRI and FEHRL. Part of the appropriation was also used for strategic initiatives in the research departments.

New project database for transport researchEfforts related to BIC’s information services over the past year have been dedicated to deploying a new national

project database for transport research. The database, which is available at the Swedish Transport Research Portal (www.transportportal.se), offers new opportunities to clarify and link projects and publications. More than 200 projects were added in 2013, approximately half of which came from the Maritime Administration’s research database, which BIC was tasked with transferring to the portal. The database is regularly updated and contained over 2,300 projects at the turn of 2013/2014.


VTI’s employees are its greatest asset VTI is a knowledge-based organisation in which the employees are the greatest asset. Through strategic human resource management and skills development, and systematic work to achieve equal opportunities and a good working environment, VTI ensures that it offers an attractive workplace.

Strategic human resource management

The right skills are important for activities carried out in both national and international research environments. VTI has a long-term human resource management strategy and works continuously to identify, map and visualise skills needs. Recruitment and skills development are important components.

Recruitment

In 2013, VTI recruited researchers and investigators in the fields of transport economics, psychology/social psychology and safety/injury statistics, to name a few. Two department heads and three research directors were hired in R&D activities, and six new research assistants/PhD students were recruited, including through a new collaboration with Halmstad University. The PhD students worked in relevant areas such as automated driving/cognitive science, simulator technology, vehicle dynamics, and control mechanisms, socioeconomic calculations and traffic analysis. Efforts to add a fourth and fifth professorship continued during the year. The average number of employees over the year was 202, compared with 206 in 2012 and 199 in 2011.

Skills development

Each year VTI develops a plan that compiles the skills development needs of the units, and during the year individual skills development initiatives are implemented

in strategically important areas.Moreover, there is continuous development within research projects and through project leadership, supervision of PhD candidates and degree project workers, as well as researcher exchanges and conferences. To share the research conducted in the various parts of the organisation, each research department holds regular Institute-wide seminar series.

Another part of the work to develop the business and its employees is to promote good leadership. VTI works continuously with management and leadership development, both for the manager group as a whole and individually. For example, a full day was dedicated to communicative leadership for all managers at the Institute. New people were also added to VTI’s management team during the year. Consequently, this team has worked to develop a common management approach and targets.

Staff mobility

Staff mobility resulting from departures and recruitments creates conditions that allow the staff structure and activities to be guided in the desired direction . The reason that staff turnover is higher than in previous years is that many managers and employees chose to terminate their employment.

SKILLS MANAGEMENT

Employee categories (%)

2011 2012 2013

Research 60 64 61

Research support 25 23 24

Administrative support 15 13 15

Percentage womenTotalResearch categoryOf PhD studentsOf VTI’s managersIn VTI’s management team

4433424743

4436385643

4439364229

Gender distribution

All employees

Women44 %

Men56 %


Staff mobility 2011 2012 2013

New employees (number) 23 15 21

Pension (number) 6 3 5

Terminated employment (number)

7 8 15

Staff turnover (%) 3.5 3.9 7.4


Workplace environment

VTI works systematically and strategically to develop and improve working conditions and the workplace environment. This work also includes close collaboration with occupational health services. The focus of this work is to preserve and develop the factors that contribute to job satisfaction, good health and well-being in the workplace.

In 2013, the Institute for Personnel and Corporate Development (IPF) carried out an evaluation of a previous organisational adjustment (January 1, 2011). The evaluation will contribute to VTI’s continued development.

Equal opportunity

Equal opportunity work will help achieve the operational objective ‘VTI is an attractive workplace’. The Institute pursues equal opportunity through an ongoing, strategic initiative, and strives for diversity in areas such as skills, background, ethnicity, gender, and age by promoting an inclusive approach and a good, creative workplace environment. The diverse backgrounds and skills of the employees are important to achieve high quality work with a customer focus. Together with other government agencies, VTI participates in a network that focuses on equal opportunity. During the year, the network arranged a course that focused on the employer’s responsibility for

SKILLS MANAGEMENT

45is the average age of VTI employees.

97.2%health rate for VTI employees in 2013.


the workplace environment, as well as discrimination law. VTI’s group for equal opportunity participated along with a large number of managers and trade union representatives.

Absence due to illness

To reduce illness statistics, VTI works proactively with prevention and health promotion. Among other things, the Institute increased the exercise allowance to SEK 2,000 per year and employee to promote a healthy lifestyle.

A key performance indicator that is monitored as a measure of the operating objective ‘VTI is an attractive workplace’ is the health rate (see page 9). The target for 2013 was set at >97 per cent, and with a result of 97.2 per cent VTI achieved that goal. The corresponding figure for 2012 was 97.8 per cent and for 2011 it was 97.2 per cent.

Operating goal: attractive workplace

Taken together, the assessment is that the initiatives in strategic human resource management and professional

skills development, as well as efforts involving equal opportunity and a good workplace environment, have contributed to achieving the operating goal.

SKILLS MANAGEMENT


Absence due to illness (%) 2011 2012 2013

Total 2.8 2.2 2.8

Percentage of long-term sick leave (60 days or more) of total absence due to illness

47.5 34.6 49.8

By genderWomenMen

2.23.1

1.82.4

2.63.1

By ageEmployees -29 yearsEmployees 30-49 yearsEmployees 50+ years

1.02.33.7

1.81.43.3

1.12.63.4

FINANCIAL REPORT 2013

Financial report

2013

34

Reporting according to appropriation directivesOperations where income from fees is appropriated (amounts in SEK thousand).

According to the government of Sweden’s appropriation directives for financial year 2013, VTI has a branch of activity called “commissioned projects”. Commissioned projects refer to both fees and grants. Commissioned projects during 2013 results in a deficit.

Accumulated +/-through 2011

+/- 2012

Income 2013

Expenses 2013

+/- 2013

Accumulated +/- closing balance

2013

Commissionedprojects 20,627 -3,356 151,019 153,422 -2,403 14,867

Including export of services

636 2 3,774 3,767 7 645


Activity subject to competition (amounts in SEK thousand)

For projects where VTI competes with operators on the private market, the goal is to fully cover costs according to the government of Sweden’s appropriation directives for financial year 2013.

VTI has defined activity subject to competition as follows: “Activity subject to competition refers to projects that are not financed with government funds or grants”. Exception: if the government agency contracts for projects through competitive tendering it counts as an activity subject to competition.

The table below shows total income and costs for projects that represent activities subject to competition. The

purpose of the line item “Appropriation subsidy” is to report the portion of the appropriation used in projects subject to competition that affects all commissioned projects. In 2013, the appropriation was not used for projects that involve subsidies for activity subject to competition. Finally, the results for activity subject to competition is reported, taking into account all income and costs.

The 2012 figures were revised with respect to income because of a change in reporting implemented this year that was not included in the 2012 Annual Report.

2011 2012 2013

Income external 19,775 19,128 19,451

Expenses 18,458 18,617 19,218

Appropriationsubsidy 0 0 0

Results 1,317 511 233

35

Income statementAmount in SEK thousand.

NOTE 2013 2012

Operating income

Income from appropriations 44,371 45,626

Income from fees and other remuneration 1 114,456 110,513

Income from grants 35,752 32,635

Financial income 2 812 1,242

Total income 195,390 190,017

Operating costs

Staff costs 3 126,109 123,372

Premises 18,979 18,486

Other operating costs 4 43,046 41,630

Financial expenses 5 350 529

Depreciation and write-downs 9,309 9,356

Total costs 197,793 193,373

Operating results -2,403 -3,356

Transfers

Funds from EU institutions -765 -365

Grants disbursed to government authorities 765 365

Balance 0 0

NET CHANGE IN CAPITAL 6 -2,403 -3,356



Balance sheet – assetsAmount in SEK thousand.

ASSETS NOTE 2013-12-31 2012-12-31

Intangible assets

Rights and other intangible assets 7 8,140 3,690

Total intangible assets 8,140 3,690

Tangible assets

Costs of improvements to leased property 8 2,430 2,903

Machinery, equipment, installations, etc. 9 21,563 26,558

Construction in progress 10 0 0

Total tangible assets 23,993 29,461

Inventories, etc.

Work in progress 13,749 11,668

Total inventories, etc. 13,749 11,668

Receivables

Accounts receivable 9,509 11,331

Receivables from other authorities 11,705 23,912

Other receivables 0 3

Total receivables 21,214 35,246

Cut-off items 11

Prepaid expenses 5,197 4,340

Accrued grant income 3,667 2,554

Other accrued income 98 0

Total cut-off items 8,962 6,894

Balance with central government

Balance with central government 12 0 -5

Total balance with central government 0 -5

Cash and bank

Balance of Swedish National Debt Office interest account 103,427 88,384

Cash, postgiro and bank 1,690 1,375

Total cash and bank 105,117 89,759

TOTAL ASSETS 181,176 176,712


Balance sheet – capital and liabilities Amount in SEK thousand.

CAPITAL AND LIABILITIES NOTE 2013-12-31 2012-12-31

State capital

Change in capital brought forward 13 17,270 20,627

Change in capital according to income statement 6 -2,403 -3,356

Total state capital 14,867 17,270

Provisions 14

Provisions for pensions and similar obligations 1,474 1,393

Other provisions 2,300 2,411

Total provisions 3,773 3,804

Liabilities, etc.

Loans from the National Debt Office 15 29,583 33,874

Liabilities to other to other government agencies 6,597 6,256

Accounts payable 5,196 5,525

Other liabilities 3,748 3,204

Total liabilities, etc. 45,124 48,859

Cut-off items 16

Accrued costs 9,367 10,262

Unused grants 39,828 44,448

Other prepaid income 68,216 52,070

Total cut-off items 117,411 106,780

TOTAL CAPITAL AND LIABILITIES 181,176 176,712


Appropriation ReportAmount in SEK thousand.

Appropriations Transfer amount brought forward

Annual allocation in accordance with

Appropriation Directives 2013

Total available amount Expenditure

Transfer amount carried

forward

22 Communications 5 44,366 44,371 44,371 0

Note 12, 17

Transport policy”1:9 Chapter 1 at the disposal of the Government - Expenditure restraint, Framework appropriation”


Supplemental disclosures

General

This annual report has been prepared in accordance with the Ordinance (2000:605) on Annual Report and Budget Documentation (2000:605) and the Ordinance on Bookkeeping of Agencies (2000:606) with applicable ESV regulations and general directions.

Non-current assets

The intangible assets that relate to licenses, etc., are valued at cost.

The tangible assets that relate to machinery, equipment, etc. are valued at cost. Non-current assets refer to investments >30 per cent of the base amount with an economic life of at least three years. Depreciation is straight-line with the following depreciation periods:• Computers | 3 years• Office machinery, AV and photo lab equipment,

transportation | 5 years• Costs of improvements to leased property | 10 years• Interior equipment | 10 years• Workshop equipment, construction equipment,

manufacturing equipment | 10 years

Intangible assets are depreciated straight-line with depreciation periods corresponding with expected economic life.

Current assets

Work in progress

Work in progress relates to projects that at the closing date have accrued but not yet invoiced expenses. Assessment is made for each project.

Current receivables

Current assets are valued at cost. Claims that are considered uncertain are charged against earnings in the financial statements.

Accrued income from commissioned projects

Accrued grant income relates to grant funds that are accrued but not paid. Accounts receivable in other currencies are valued at the closing day sales price.

Current liabilities

Accounts payable

Foreign accounts payable are valued in accordance with

the closing day sales price.

Deferred income

Advances from clients and customers relate to paid commissioned project funding that is not accruedgenerated. The change between the years is reported in relation to income in the income statement. Assessment is made for each project.

Unused grants

Unused grants relate to paid grant funds that are not accrued.

Accrual principles

Expenses and revenue are attributed to the accounting year in which performance occurred. The National Road and Transport Research Institute applies a limit of SEK 10,000 for accruals of expenses. The cut-off date for supplier invoices, according to the ESV regulation for the Ordinance on Bookkeeping of Agencies (2000:606), is January 5, 2014.

Revenue from fees and other remuneration, as well as revenue from grants

Revenue settlement occurs in the amount equal to generated project costs that are likely to be reimbursed by the client. If the total cost is likely to exceed the total revenue, the loss is recognised proportionately with generated costs. Profit, if any, is recognised only when the project is completed.

Exemptions from general economic administrative regulations as decided by the government or regulatory authority

The Institute may, with exemption from §25a of the Fees Ordinance, carry forward a surplus of up to 25 per cent of sales from activities subject to charges in the financial year to a new account without being required to submit a proposal to the government of Sweden on how the entire surplus should be appropriated.

Other The figures presented have been rounded in certain cases, which means that tables, graphs and calculations do not always add up. In texts and tables, figures between 0 and 0.49 are reported with 0. Missing values are indicated by a line.

Accounting policies and disclosures


NOTE 1 INCOME FROM FEES AND OTHER REMUNERATION

Income from fees and other remuneration

-114,456 -110,513

Thereof income from fees under §4 of the Fees Ordinance (excluding export of services)

- 5,008 -9,853

Export of services -3,774 -3,969

NOTE 2 FINANCIAL INCOME

Interest on interest-bearing account at the Swedish National Debt Office

-811 -1,189

Other interest income -1 -53

Total -812 -1,242

NOTE 3 STAFF COSTS

Staff costs 126,109 123,372

Wage costs excluding fees 81,744 80,833

• Wage costs includes change in holiday pay liability:

-118 448

• Wage costs include recording of retroactive wages and salaries:

496 595

• Wage costs include change in other wage costs:

44 -44

NOTE 4 OTHER OPERATING COSTS

Travel 6,122 5,990

Goods 6,829 6,396

Services 27,876 26,974

Mail, telephone and transport 2,053 2,054

Other operating costs 165 216

Total 43,046 41,630

NOTE 5 FINANCIAL EXPENSES

Interest on loans from the Swedish National Debt Office

334 481

Other interest expense 16 48

Total 350 529

NOTE 6 NET CHANGE IN CAPITAL

Surplus/deficit in fee-funded activities

-1,123 -3,017

Surplus/deficit in grant-funded activities

- 1,280 -339

Total -2,403 -3,356

NOTE 7 INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Opening acquisitions values 9,363 6,519

Acquisition for the year 3,709 1,618

Construction in progress completed during the year

2,082 1,226

Sales/disposals for the year -3,155 0

Cost of acquisition carried forward 11,999 9,363

Accumulated depreciation brought forward

5,673 4,657

Depreciation for the year 1,341 1,016

Accumulated depreciation on sold/ scrapped investments

-3,155 0

Closing acquisition value 3,859 5,673

Residual value 8,140 3,690

NOTE 8 EXPENSES TO IMPROVE LEASED PROPERTY

Cost of acquisition, brought forward 9,026 8,499

Acquisitions for the year 0 527

Sales/disposals for the year -291 0



6,123 5,487

Depreciation for the year 419 636

Accumulated depreciation on sold/ scrapped investments

-238 0

Accumulated depreciation carried forward

6,304 6,123


NOTE 9 MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT, FIXTURES, AND FITTINGS

Cost of acquisition, brought forward 121,659 122,884

Acquisitions for the year 2,501 1,755

Sales/disposals for the year -25,304 -2,981



95,101 90,379

Depreciation for the year 7,341 7,701

Accumulated depreciation on sold/scrapped investments

-25,148 -2,979

Accumulated depreciation carried forward

77,294 95,101


2013 2012 2013 2012

NotesAmount in SEK thousand.


NOTE 10

CONSTRUCTION IN PROGRESS

Cost of acquisition, brought forward 0 1,226

Acquisitions for the year 2,082 0

Completed construction -2,082 -1,226

Cost of acquisition carried forward 0 0

NOTE 11

CUT-OFF ITEMS

Prepaid rents, non-government 3,861 4,331

Prepaid rents, government 154 125

Prepaid supplier invoices, non-government

1,181 -179

Prepaid supplier invoices, government

0 61

Total prepaid expenses 5,197 4,339

Accrued grant income government 1,881 589

Accrued grant income non-government

1,884 1,965

Total accrued grant income 3,765 2,554

Total 8,962 6,893

NOTE 12

SETTLEMENT OF ACCOUNT WITH GOVERNMENT

Appropriations in interest-bearing flow

Opening balance -5 -1,495

Reported against appropriation 44,371 45,626

Appropriation funds added to interest-bearing account

-44,366 -44,135

Claims/debts relating to appropriations in interest-bearing flow

0 -5

Total balance with central government

0 -5

NOTE 13

CHANGE IN CAPITAL BROUGHT FORWARD

Fee and grant-financed activities -17,270 20,627

Accrual differences, appropriation 0 0

Total -17,720 20,627

NOTE 14

PROVISIONS

Pension opening provisions 1,393 1,755

+ Pension cost for the year 776 114

- Pension payments for the year -696 -476

= Pension provision closing provisions

1,474 1,393

Job Security Foundation opening provision

2,411 2,301

Job Security Foundation provision for the year

247 242

Job Security Foundation funds used for the year

-358 -132

Job Security Foundation closing provision

2,300 2,411

Closing provisions 3,773 3,804

NOTE 15

SWEDISH NATIONAL DEBT OFFICE LOANS

Granted loan limit 50,000 50,000

Opening 33,874 30,864

New loans 5,005 8,630

Amortisation -9,296 -5,620

Loans at the end of the year 29,583 33,874

NOTE 16

CUT-OFF ITEMS

Other accrued expenses, government

100 278

Total accrued expenses, government

100 278

Accrued wages and salaries 852 915

Accrued holiday pay 5,214 5,332

Other accrued expenses non-government

177 563

Total accrued expenses, non-government

6,243 6,811

Accrued expenses, social contributions

3,024 3,173

Total accrued expenses 9,367 10,262

Unused grants, government 19,286 18,766

Unused grants, non-government2013 includes SEK 6,072,000 from EU Cooperation Fund. 2012 includes SEK 11,357,000 from EU Cooperation Fund.

20,542 25,682

Total unused grants 39,828 44,448

Deferred income - government 56,812 43,020

Deferred income - non-government 11,404 9,049

Total deferred income 68,216 52,069

Total 117,411 106,779

NOTE 17

APPROPRIATION REPORT

Granted appropriation credit 1,331 1,324

NOTE 18

OVERDRAFT FACILITY SWEDISH NATIONAL DEBT OFFICE

Granted overdraft facility Swedish National Debt Office

25,000 25,000

2013 2012 2013 2012


2013 2012 2011 2010 2009

Loan limit at the Swedish National Debt Office

Granted limit 50,000 50,000 50,000 60,000 60,000

Used 29,583 33,874 30,864 20,797 21,417

Credit account with National Debt Office

Granted limit 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000

Used 0 0 0 0 0

Interest expense on interest-bearing account 0 0 0 0 0

Interest income on interest-bearing account 811 1,189 1,062 275 335

Fees and grant income

Budget appropriation directives 155,000 130,000 125,000 135,061 120,000

Outcome (appropriated by the agency) 150,207 143,149 148,991 144,144 128,202

Outcome (not appropriated by the agency) 0 0 0 0 0

Appropriation credit

Granted 1,331 1,324 1,215 1,211 1,172

Used 0 0 0 0 0

Appropriation brought forward 0 5 1,495 0 16

Number of annual work units 188 180 174 175 166

Average number of employees 202 206 199 197 186

Operating cost per annual work unit 1,001 1,019 1,028 1,010 965

Net change in capital -2,403 -3,356 1,609 986 257

Change in capital brought forward 17,270 20,627 19,018 18,031 17,774

Fees and grant income per annual work unit 799 795 856 826 772

Summary of key dataAmount in SEK thousand.

PHOTO: HEJDLÖSA BILDER »


VTI’s Board of Directors

The Board’s resolution for approval

The Board of Directors resolved at its meeting on February 18, 2014 to adopt the financial statements of the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, VTI, for financial year 2013. We certify that the financial statements present a true and fair view of the results of operations, as well as the revenues, costs and financial position of the agency.

Stockholm, February 18, 2014.

Malin Löfsjögård Jonas Bjelfvenstam

Johan Trouvé Mats Persson

Anna Jivén Sønneve Ølnes

Malin LöfsjögårdChair, Board of DirectorsBoard member since: 2013.Remuneration 2013: SEK 14,600Other appointments*: Board member of Betong Media AB, Stiftelsen Betong- och Ballastindustrins Kvalitetsutveckling (Concrete and Ballast Industry Quality Development Foundation) and Stiftelsen Svensk Betongforskning (Swedish Concrete Research Foundation); member of Swedish Concrete Association; and Deputy on the board of directors for Byggmaterialindustrierna (Construction material industries) and Leaflakefarm AB.

Jonas BjelfvenstamDirector GeneralBoard member since: 2007.Remuneration 2013 (salary): SEK 1.115 millionOther appointments*: –

Johan TrouvéBoard member since: 2012.Remuneration 2013: SEK 18,000Other appointments*: Board member of Svevia and The Board of the Korsvägen Foundation (Universeum); and member of the Västra Götaland County Administrative Board advisory council.

Mats PerssonBoard member since: 2013.Remuneration 2013: SEK 4,500Other appointments*: Board member of Swedish Public Transportation; Chairman of Public Transportation Committee in Region Skåne; and board member of the Regional Board of Directors of Region Skåne.

Anna JivénBoard member since: 2012.Remuneration 2013: SEK 18,000Other appointments*: Board member for Athena Advisory AB.

Sønneve ØlnesBoard member since: 2008. Remuneration 2013: SEK 18,000Other appointments*: –

*Other appointments refer to appointments as a board member of other government authorities or public companies.

Benefits to former board members 2013:Britt Marie Bertilsson SEK 9,000; Anna Grönlund Krantz SEK 17,500; Thomas Korsfeldt SEK 8,000; Björn Sundell SEK 9,000; Charlotte Wäreborn Schultz SEK 9,000.

www.vti.se

HEAD OFFICE

LINKÖPINGSE-581 95 LINKÖPING PHONE +46 (0)13-20 40 00 STOCKHOLM BOX 55685 SE-102 15 STOCKHOLM PHONE +46 (0)8-555 770 20

GOTHENBURGBOX 8072SE-402 78 GOTHENBURGPHONE +46 (0)31-750 26 00 BORLÄNGE BOX 920SE-781 29 BORLÄNGEPHONE +46 (0)243-44 68 60

LUND Medicon village223 81 LUND PHONE +46 (0)46-540 75 00

The Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), is an independent and internationally prominent research institute in the transport sector. Our principal task is to conduct research and development related to infrastructure, traffic and transport. We are dedicated to the continuous development of knowledge pertaining to the transport sector, and in this way contribute actively to the attainment of the goals of Swedish transport policy. Our operations cover all modes of transport, and the subjects of pavement technology, infrastructure maintenance, vehicle technology, traffic safety, traffic analysis, users of the transport system, the environment, the planning and decision making processes, transport economics and transport systems. Knowledge that the institute develops provides a basis for decisions made by stakeholders in the transport sector. In many cases our findings lead to direct applications in both national and international transport policies. VTI conducts commissioned research in an interdisciplinary organisation. Employees also conduct investigations, provide counseling and perform various services in measurement and testing. The institute has a wide range of advanced research equipment and world-class driving simulators. There are also laboratories for road material testing and crash safety testing. In Sweden VTI cooperates with universities engaged in related research and education. We also participate continuously in international research projects, networks and alliances. The Institute is an assignment-based authority under the Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and Communications. The institute holds the quality management systems certificate ISO 9001 and the environmental management systems certificate ISO 14001. Certain test methods used in our labs for crash safety testing and road materials testing are also certified by Swedac. We have about 200 employees and are located in Linköping (head office), Stockholm, Gothenburg, Borlänge and Lund.

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Documents

VTI Annual Report 2013