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The Journal ol Engli$h-Germari<:Phiology ,Vol . 19, No. 4( 0ct 1920) , pp 510-519
l"f V. IOJ.OGICA!. '-Cn:S
1 . ..... .,, . ........ - 1 No .. t.J 1t1orye,p iu10t;.,nhu~ l,Mr1o h<cn od .. n,t<I f0<
!0<m,, .. h .. Au kt-i.A ,. ..,_M..,, Aulottlod• • . ., ,1,,,jo,l , . nd1h< llh,inw•1<1tu , _.....(nt bo ploce.,C <h<n pc,:t,J • . F. ) J, nu.ln aa0rtld<•n ri~t<l ", IU. • !n unt><<onte, ~ilt..;~ couliou.ly , .. ,....,. ,i.c r-'Ohm1.yo/1.t.o phonetit<h • •i•~ · •~•l • llmlfOUP.,C...,rd~INtX!u;i<,, iot lxlat<,t«!; tionolhlo/;I J -'•1"""" W"""~""~ (191!),
~~~ .: ::.:· .~ ~::=. t:.-=.·~;:-~1~!:':~:!~ blm><lf ...... ~ li>tin1 the =It..•""'""""' bo,m to ...... """' " •"•lth< ,ht r<nlh«nlMy.lti1thu,tob<inf«rt<l 1hatth• o.xOMana,;..,n,...u<>t«l ..- lubacl .. 1&1-<by J>=b G,i m,o i, al1ooo t cooviilri»tt OKl-: "'" m.,..><hoo.• bd. uod • bd nel,,nd , m ,.,...h niw..,,1. - .·• 1<bo' eutU>d«b<d , ubJ" I
:.::~; ... ":'b7n.: .. ~::·=.:::::*':;::t.1:~~ m'""'"""i'""''t,,.-uo,d...,..,_.b« .. &ului.,,• l"'" -'~
Th<.,..dpo , ht<lbyGri mo,<Uno w be<itodfro&<l< i-l.utl ,,,-o(',rnnu, llibk, 'i ntloe fonn, •o,luu, • ,,1- , l« i,,,-, e~u! ,lll on l lot bo l.>fodffl . n,.i.,.., smdio .. • rn le ,n tw a1'd byi,..,,.,(,.k.tn= ) ;tb•f • Oli•UU,' '4 &>ck,.aJo<> .,.,u,..,b.,b,l,...q»<ntlytl>a • tl>cm-,, ~n, . Jntli<J!oolt,
~.~; ! :::·=;:;;::;.~~:! ::~ ..... , .... , 1 .. 0., ....
At><, .. • .. • odt , >tlbeo .. M <iot u<0f uo!:uicdl u.,.lt o hal,,n\ oll,Mholl,,n o><ha, ~ .. • • l<'l&C'" ( •.. "' p, t• m undiq .. 1i.&bon, ciocri, , Vo/1.),l.)1 1a:. 1.l, l . Only lM 6flt ?<i•"'l, di<ioo, '-<d .. . Ms . ..,.. i.., . 1tu, hiil "" u;"' ,b ool<ln<Gl.tt d) I S.,IJ (Eaon .. s55ol ,beB, iliillllJuwu.m) 1, .. ,i..i.,. ,. • .,1,,,,,..1,i1t• ll1h• ,... •P<ll• OU<,._ Al, ,..,-...., 1, .., (Z.:11,« . 13, !J ,:IIS.B i> t.b, oolylntn-.fottl\<Klfm
,,-+ ....... , .., ~>, W""O' A"\", 1,/ U, H ,.
'' ~« ... ·-·· "' ' •n. .. ...... .. ~ .. ...... .. =··-...... i..w... ........ -.....i,- .. -.,.... ..... ......... ......................... ,,,,,_ __
s,1w,. """J'L "' l!IO<l01.Su l>Nm"' · 1;w , .,,. _..,. ,. ' """"", ."1-. """--'-'" · "" •c
81<W : gott eo alt ar dn lour oOO uch «hcy lia ,. .. (. . ,~j ut ipi, d ,ini, "~ f8,..IUI). H= all the othu, have 4sd, a
Atbirdfmm , ,.,, , ., ,ioi.r,trodu C<dbySb , S, ,tb e AugSburg «l ition , ol l ~1 and 1*90. lnLhefollo., lngpuoa geo theLnt is inthe1i,tl\i ngolth< l4'6nli,ion, tbe~o.di..,.o1Sbo.ndS, ON!npucn th .... :
r>dmachbto ,"l>lle r den a'""hen (dom
,;,~/ud~: a~::, ~i,f:,~~~ v~~ !>cl,e,,S<) Mr da l" auilmdorw ln J . \'Bddt<al L&r"'·artu,rriM< n,vnd iacher . Sc) wart V.:l"l(O!l:l<n w m d tar ,
In addition to tbo noao .,,1ao, • .,.....,., 4u/u, , several inst ance,o! th,,ad~ \jv.,.olld<ri f,lwcl=i,.(V r,/f .: aki""' li~,) m~y be cited. Only the lir.,t imtaD« oe,:un in the oldest text>,' the others a,e intr'Oduce<lby 7.,t heli rst<d iUOnof Zo.inn (Aug•burg, ca.141 5) :
Effroimi , l 8<macbtn od 11igb"'t: «kut nitwi<ler, ll os. ),S . mdma chtoo vn,gehrfclte iixbaigebro t , E, o<l._11,J9. wio ein 1ochenp bwt • ...., l(<J51cn, J~. 7, IJ. cm klem ·uc herin brot, 3. Kin p , !7,IJ. vn<l>llcbzuxi nemhaub te eiI>.iocheriI>. brot,3.KU>l i ,19,6.
Asfa:r u l know,theearlicstd&ted instancco f 4,cbri t i• cite<l io ~·ischt1'• S,""' l>iuU, IVht,,H<• (I , 340): An de, ulw: h<rigen Mitteeb en (U4J ). T he following in,t.ooc "' ol
! ':::': : ::;:;;:'7 m da le<l docum<nl<, &nt<dato t hQ,e p ven
vnd «ii 1m uche,mitlll'OCb von dannen, Fo~l<l ,.,u., Sil" IX, 42:146-1. de, hi .. , lot dannocb am a..i um l,• ochen '" Venediggn· ... n, h• 1<,, , , . ,1...s, . Xt\' l, &s:!4,6<).
Like Mlm11•d, ,1,, 1,t,..,;m.w • occun t.!oo u • fom!n!ne noun; bis uf die aocheunittw och,P ""1. o"',J· Frt- u.$ 10011• "",;;,..,. , L,XVII, 641 :141\(l. nO(h do, uc htrmi t twocb, JI_, ' " · L .. ,., ., Ill, 201:151»- 1520. An irulan«:ol Lhofo.-m with<luttr maylil:o-.ti,.cbeoli ntorest : (rilag n.eb.E..:ltO:Utt• woch,/10~ 1., , .,, A.,1,.,XL \'l,~ 8 :147S
, ,_ ;. tbe.wkof o ....,{ th;td)1....i..tot,•U• lll>elloolc,olt >o """' ' '--inw J.. ,-btbe"'#in,..o tfl o[.,,...,.,4.,...occu, ,mby U.. !,,m h""""1.•o<. CJ.\"ol. X, pp., -.Uottk<dwoo.rit«I.
J [J,n(,h.ppi - Di<Gri ppe
thoA 1, g1u 1ndthc t·our Fo-rts t C1otom. Thecd it or,i<o nnect the " ·ord with \he ,-.,h t •~P<•.
Th e dillerenco in theotem-v,:,lff l ofG•• l/><,G..;;;, <o nt ho onohan<l,and(;ri / P<, On lh.tot h.tr,isolli ulem(lmen t: comparo, for oumple, the ~ati aot fo•m• t ic•'• • -c~ t tlt• , and r.;,.,_<,~p, , cited by Stalder (I , HS ). In th e matter of geoi.k, it may~ noied 1h11 th • h alil n t ripµ i1 ml e<:u\in, , an dthu , 111nd1 closertoth e C",e,man ,.ord 1h1nto,he F, ench ftom whic:hi1i , uouaUy<kriVW: Xoow ' pr<:nJen: il gripp,,o unm1ldlpe\\o ."
The othe t term, Pfill• i, i1 lbt«)U iv1len< Of tho NHG. Pl ps,En gli>h/'i p, lt 1l./'i/'i,.,Ft<oc.b.µ p;e,aUof• fat.b.d""cend from the Latin fil"""' , fwnd in our (IU'&g< : Tu .. i et pituita la l,o,ant . Koonin s do~r>n lhil et ymon " ' 'Schnuplen, Pippa der ll iihnu ,'w ith thcad dcd ,cma, k: "nu r diclcu:t en, Bedeutunx i.st im Rornani..cben e, bal ten.' " Tegcr nfeld, of cou,... , useditinth e first .. n ... of ' Sclmupf en.'
Lu er"tre 1to tbeexp,-ion;1< /a"'"""'' "" '"underki"'· ffl4~,dolinin.g it .. ' dmcbde n muodvo n l&nddeuten,,-.n.._u. Jicb,i;<:riic hlswcis<.' Wilhou l actua l quolati.ono [thepa, sage, , he th •n givts five o, si~ rd er<-nttO to &ftttnth-century documentl. Tot hn< la mab k to add a <:on,idcn.hly!a lgernu mbu , which hav< btcn combined o.ilh th<ise of Le,er in lhe !ollo.-ing lin
I. oo i,n unt arlinlan dm.,,...., )'5<'flir kumen,Wdu . (c;,l,-.,.;b~ ." l,435 : 1"°7) . 2. u r,si otlnlao1r» an1• ei&ef0rt.u rnen, .. -iew (p.
437, 1408). J, da. wi, in l&nLmanJ weiso ,"Crr>Qm<rl haben, du.
(Tl,39 : 1411). 4.a \1 iru1>1y eti.onlcbs t eclich l!ufldub ofesi n !ont•
mn •wi!c uMI n.il fur ein •n•n,.e hlf L ~e:11:hriben • •• (V, 357: 1418)
5. nu •int nnslaotm ano.-. y, dagm.l.r)'«ZO filrkumon,wi o (p . \14:14 31).
6. dt.• uns lantmans,.)'S< fO,ium<n i,t, du .. " (!ol44). 7. AbohtdinLanmaru..,.;...,.nvnsgelanget,wie.
(Fo~l<t,"XX, 111: 1451). 8. Vn1ista1><hhieiml andm.._..,..;,. ankom<n,d<Tionl 1
V<1nPolan,..tde.,, (XLll,227: 1458). 9. Item lanndtm an .. ,...; ,. lauttel es, da, . (p. 259:
1458). 10, Eo lumpt an uns lantman••eis, ,.;e. (p. 329:
1461). 11. Item vnlis \ !n landm annn ri ... geag t,. (XLIV,
149:1461 ), 12, hem et i>tinlandmun e,weise anvnogelangt,du.
(p.20-l:]461). ll. Do,.;rnun1una<htandMeberbergiomen,hab,.;,1n
lanndtm ansn rti ,s v.ntandenwled u .. . (Il,38J: 147!). 14, WitV<ntsnd<ninlan.ndtmansnise,du , , (<l.) 15. 0..cb IO lumpt vnns in Landtmaoso WiM fur, ..i.
... "(1499). Pratti<ally alloftb tK dotum<nblJ'<lettenorffPOJtslo
princ<S orlr .. citi<>, in which a certain KH>l.;,m is tohe e• pected,andtbe earlMerinstanceoau from a ,:ompo.,..tively limited auo: Number> 1-5 au dated Nuremberg or Augoburg; No.6 is from lllm; Noe.. Ml, dated TOTf;au, Eger,OT Weimar, ar< addre ... dtotbeDui <10IS1Uony;Noo.1Jandl4mention Bozen andChur, whileNo.lS wa1 1nitt ena tB ue l
Totomel».c knowt otltemea ningoltbeph, ue: thei:on · tutinevery iruitan<epenn ittoftbeinterp retation'geril <btsweise'--</. particul a:rly No. 4--wherd.l thedefinition'durth denmundvon !and,l eute n,wnrauli ch,'whilepos!i blein a fe,,ofthein otsn<es,is n-0\at 1llprobable. A$1udyofothu
: i;!::'io',~:• : ,!~~:!1~:the u me te• ts ,..;u yield additional
!6. Io i,tla.odkundi<keuchwi ,1<ntliohund a ..... ufuronmit brlef,nund1<giln,wie,,, (1'1H11'1,XLII,15 ),
•u,,...,,. • .,s.,--, , ..,,,,.z. , wA,-pd ,.(1<Jt.14HJ H,,. , ,... Ermt WOkk<,,p,J.8. L'-'..;,.hn.-Bh.ttdn\',....,,10,,::.,,,:~1<1,1<
::l:t<rtl,wm;;ood.A,uftwl,tt•.~!i<_d>.=~ « . ··
• E.!\otariaol',Di<8M1;p•1S .i.i ..,,,, .,. s.-.,,.;,,.,So1,:,t .. ,., I Sl>ll,f>.93
17.Vndi rem~n furnemtn,d arinne, ievn g,,tru ""'lic h, alo landkundigist, ... ge,..,.t,ind(p.129).
18.d aosol hne,.ket:,erey beyeuchsein,lantbr<cbt" word,n ist(p . 395).
J<J. Aberwirvunemennul and..a.g,wie , .. (p.4 92). 20. di, ,. .i i .. i, t mich d....ch, ag,, mer ankomen (XLIV,
271). 21. Win,oldiehoc hgcbor<n!U rstcn alsw irV<rnemen
irertwitrachtvndgeprechen .,..,neyntseinoullcn,se:in dochlanunerd obey,WdieBehmd emj ungenh errcnllark ,uz.i chcn(XLll,73).
22. Ewu schreiben, mir yec.und gff<hehen, dorjnn ir berurt, wie ir in b.ndtm<I vnb ort, du . (XLIV, 609).
Theseu p1eu.iont,aodparticularly thelut, uesodearin tht:ircompooition, ondso, imilar intheirusetoloHl"' o"'"..;,. , thatthecon ject ure uonceougg .. to itS<lfthat wc haV<he, c a corruption of /~.,1,,.,,,,..;,.. Tb e popu lar etymology which introducodtbi o cha~e,noai dedbythcf actthat unac«n ted • andrin th...,< omhin.ation1 are phonetically very 1imila:r. Th.isbubeendea:rly obown by F, Menu.," who, in add ition tonumerouform , in which &nrlu.st akcn thcpla«ofan#, .JAocit .. afewinst ances ofthcopp<>oitetendcnc y :Br llck"'s· ltlffl<1'foreu licrBr,u:U1Ul,-./cr,Lid><,..,,,,;Juforli<IHrlr,..i ,,,.,d.,..iicr,.,ford,mlier,.,.
Thorei , accordinglyn<>ob,tacletotheconjectur< that ia.1.,..,,,..;,.; , 1hecorruptionofanear!ie1/0HlmcrS1"h< ."
Undu the. numerol .;.,, Grimm' s D,..ud,ts Wlrtcrbo•d hu tbefoUowin gst• t<mcnt(ll l ,114):
3)hleibtde<red,ndcunsichcrbiswohindie1ablvondcr cinh,it oulstcigc, 10 fngtcr dem ,;~ die parlike \ 'od<r' be; und
•n........i. -=-kdbyL<><>0<Grimn,.oocunaboi,, Wilwll -S<-1:f.&H tl>.olpN<bt •..do ow~ ( Hibl. Llt.\'n.L,"I)
:::~;.~,~:="1~'!:"!i'=~·;:.:~~ .... «,,, ,u .. , bkto<kwlopf•,tb<, . (ompott ,,. f.,ffl iotvm;ol,.oLauu ,. .. ,..,......,, • .,."""""·",.;1e,1e,,..n:,,,g .. .• u,,--'A""' """l""'MCBM,....,,,.s,,,jo,v...,,-111,,;.,/Jf74-1JJ. 11"1· En>st WOkbr. p. !01. L',.,,j,.bn-Dlott <le, 1·,,.;..ta, Gn<bi<htewod Al1<,thum .. "'""'"¥notlort& .>1.f .d .J.IS77.I
!i.Mt die hOch,te wo.hnch<inlichc z.ahl fo!gcn, ~.b. ic• l>lei~,
:i:; d~:::~::~~::s,.:~::~; ::~::. ii~~ z;:.i;;:,.t::i:: d"it,JJ.,.stelltd •hin , msstdiew , hl,obein«,2weioderdrti guahltwerden
Wherelhenum en l, arec on><cutiY<,crra.lmo,;tcon secutive, it i, of coune difficult to disproV< the yoJidity of the , hon de&nili on: in the case of the bi~hcr numlocr;, however, it may be shown condu,ivdyth at\h emoani ngisnot 'ooe,o rtwo,or three,. o, ten,' but.'approrim~tely ten,' '~ft£<//!J,, "b' The context of w m< ol Grimm '• mrn o, ampl .,, bun out this in tu preta\ion·
e .k.f. gn. wolle dem ar mrn m:urn jiirlich ein ~ulden ode, funfachnzugebenilld ighch wr ochaffen (Lul/s« , BN,f•, V, 302).
bitnotperfcctlyclcarthatluthcris , uggestin~anan nual pen,ionofO,Oo .. tfi/r.,njlorin;, andno\b,..,mll<'<',o?llw,e,ctc.?
!i::J!~~}~;e ~:e~o~~~;,~,:~ttion from s;,.µ;.;;,.;.,,..,, to
Ehe l<ir aha vor den Wa.ld ll mcn, .. bin wir ohn gdiurr cinrn llaurcn odcrzchcn, dercneinTheil mit hucr -rohr cn t,c .,.·ehrt, die Ubrigc aber gcsch1flli~ ,. . .,.,, , etwu ein,ugraben (<d. Kelle,,p.9 4). On the nextp age the .. mepc .... nh are ag ainrde,rcdto· haue nobgedacbteBaurena.ngetroflen, ::::..::.von gefangen hekommen und die Ubrigen todt gc-
T he only possible interpretation of n,..,~ li oMm, o<kr >ek<,._ i• n t ef4k, uhn Ba Mr<~. Most of the rcmainio g cnm]>I"" cited in the 1./Wb. ,ny be , imilarly •~plained . . ~n even ll'IOfC uncquivocal. insta ncc is citcd hy LU1ckc in an • rtide written as far back a, 1&19:" I.a .. dochdie Dimceincn T agoderubn bei uns hleihen, Gen. XXIV , 55, - di<, ,aU.m d«<m of the Vnlgate, and W<i lUo of the 5eptuagin t . Thep ....,,.geappuroin thi , lcrrmintbefirsteditiono!Lutber' , tn n.,lation(l52J), and
isoncofthcearliestdt cdbyLlltc ke orGrimm, Thelocution may bct n e<db.-ckintothofifi.oonth<cntury,how<:,-.r, 1nd tbat,too,intnmpleswhklt&repcrftctlyuncquh~:
d .. ir .. . vildarr: u holt<von rn rndan l.,t lu renu Jiden muc k vnd , in fuder """ n~<rt<n oder zweintziger, do.mit mon darra»cnn1u~(l'..U<1 ,,. XLIV, 225: 1'161).
Ja , man , in ple,t odcr Cneyhundcrt hicnydcn auch gobrauchenmochte(p.4.12: 1462)
,r ollet noch ein ta ~ odtr acht horr en (Font<, , XLVI, 66: 1466) .
. dnt,intlirt lt in dioca n, dei gtTn gdxn ,dcn g<•d lcn einen guldenXJ.od erI.oderwu herr nStcffan gut bodunckt , doch uhcrt• i uldr n nit (P..U."LIX, \34:1410)
auch so werd ie pfin~ trochnungbi , ja.:rlur ,doeingu ldcn oderzcbcntau,cntv_on~dieln,di<man ... (p. 231:1411). >0brrngcn.,.ir<JI1guldcnO<!cr .. hcnt L11><ntmitu n>hincin ulda , n,y,,d,t(p.lJ9:t4lJ).
undunsdanngoehiingnotg<SChor,d .. unseinguldenoder \' l"werdc nm0Cbt(p.J7J:1412 )
und_ b<haltendi c po.rtheyendannochin :,okh cn !(YO>><n '"° hen c,nmcn.chodOTX " zu ffrc andcnirtn,tun(p. iJ.J 1474)
da, 1u Polcnund 1uBcb,i m, a uchincurrrgnadcncrb landm , einm en,choder XX •a nd en ,,eni, .. n """"" (p. 134:1414)
w i,1 , ich<:inta K od<ratht , bi,m an ,ich 11melt ,1 ulei dcn (p.750:1474 )
,..1, · hg,m r" togodcr v·er ruen. D"e etzt ul%en fur
!~%\'.chf:!':~i~~r',\: ,'~in~:~:~:/ ~~:~::t;;,;,L:~~ ; thcreadmg,,,,,urnpla <:<of ., .,.
lchh<ttouchuwo•ngoaud en d;clx,lt,tins,,tagc ,0< l<r vier<r« geschickt (Ste inhou« n ," I, 17~:1477)
da 1 cuch rin gu lden odrr /III• werd uf da , myn<t(PIWI LX."XI,261:1433)
Al! but 01>< or two of th= <.<amp! .. arc Imm the c.,,,... 1pondonce,>ltheE!cctorAlbrccbtAchiU e, , awo rt hyfo <<· runn er ofLutherinthc uH olidk>matic German. That.;,. 11M,,. o,J.,r "h«l4M$,nl, oe .,;,. ""n,c.O odu , ...,,n,i 1 ta"'"" touldpos,iblymean'on e ,ortw<>, ort hr<c mcnor anyin termcdia te num bcr upto20,000,'noon e-.ril l ,r antto a,,ert ,thce:zprouionmcrelyinteod>toindic otc an opp,,ri,,.ali.,.to
the high•otnumbtrgiv<o,not &{'ad al;.,.1hroughaUtheinterv<ningones. lti , 1obt1>0t<d,mo=vu,thattbeloeution nev<r<><cun intb e formfo,,,.H<,.,h1a,,,fo,.,,.H<,J,ff , ..i,u,., a, posited by Grimm, but &]wa~ in the order,;,..,. lat Hffub,,;.,,. , ..iJ.,.•dnad,. t"urtbermo~,iti 1a t! ... 1 anop<nqoestionwhctbcrthe<i8istobttalen aoa numeral <>rU an article. In thoLowG<rm &n dialect of to.day, for u amplc,thclocutionh u tbcform"''' ild• /0<.tl,inwhicbthe ,,.i , enti:roly atonic,wb m,a, the numual wo.Jdbt u ,.. The ,ull,onthcotbcrhud,ha 1 thcchicf otrcl1
