W k Ail Ail C Cla Elciv...Choice Math: 20 minutes a day (100 min/week) M T W T F Mrs. Folkers: Leadership Have a Great Week! Ms. Pumphrey: Health & Mr. Pelan: PE The Circulatory System

Week Two (Music & Matter) Page

Electives Week of April 20th to April 26th Core Classes Mrs. Krohn: 7th Grade ELA CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.7.1.B

Writing: Support a Claim with Logical Reasoning Pages 5

Choice Book: 20 minutes a day (100 min/week) M T W T F

Mr. Harner: Construction

Building a Deck Pages 1 8 & 1 9 Quiz Page 2 0

Mrs. Dayton: 7th Grade Science PS1.A: Structure and properties of matter

Read Matter & It’s Interactions: What is Matter page 6

Essential Questions & Create a list of descriptive words page 1 1

Ms. Peters: Choir Class

Listening & Critical Response to Music Page 1 5 __________ /25

Mr. Brewton: World History C2.6-8. 2 Distinguish the structure...government

Civics Review: 50 questions pages 8 & 9

How many were you able to complete?_________________ / 50

Ms. Weaver: Art Class

Stitched Agamograph pages 2 1 & 2 2

Mrs. Falla: 7th Grade Math 6.RP.A.3

Application Task: Using Ratios to Solve Real World Problems pages 1 2 & 1 3

Choice Math: 20 minutes a day (100 min/week) M T W T F

Mrs. Folkers: Leadership

Have a Great Week!

Ms. Pumphrey: Health & Mr. Pelan: PE

The Circulatory System pages 1 6 & 1 7

Daily Workout: Dynamic, Cardio and Cross Fit page 2 0 M T W T F

Mr. White: Band Classes

Mozart & More Page 1 4

M T W T F

Check in daily

with your

homeroom

teacher.

Your teachers have put together a learning opportunity for you. Read the provided

Music and Matter texts and then complete each of the tasks shared by your

teachers. If you have a paper copy, you can write answers in the packet, but if you

are seeing this electronically put all answers in a journal.

Questions? Teachers can be e-mailed for help and feedback.

mailto:[email protected]?subject=Week%20One%20mailto:[email protected]?subject=Week%20Onemailto:[email protected]?subject=Week%20Onemailto:[email protected]?subject=Week%20Onemailto:[email protected]?subject=Week%20Onemailto:[email protected]?subject=Week%20Onemailto:[email protected]?subject=Week%20Onemailto:[email protected]?subject=Week%20Onemailto:[email protected]?subject=Week%20Onemailto:[email protected]?subject=Week%20Onemailto:[email protected]?subject=Week%20One

Week Two (Music & Matter) Page 2

Music Is a Potent Source of Meaning Pacific Standard

(Photo: Jose Oller/Flickr)

The source of music's power has long been debated, with

many psychologists concluding its primary benefit is emo-

tional regulation (that is, stress reduction or relaxation). For

many of us, that has always seemed awfully

reductive—Beethoven would no doubt respond with some

dissonant, dissenting chords—and recently published

research suggests we may be right.

An exploratory study finds emotion regulation may

be "a secondary outcome of music listening," write

psychologists Jenny Groarke and Michael Hogan of the

National University of Ireland in Galway. Rather, the

"fundamental drivers" of our thirst for music appear to be

the intense emotions a given melody produces, the way it

facilitates reminiscing, and—as we age—its ability to

produce transcendent experiences.

OLDER PEOPLE ARE MORE INTERESTED IN MUSIC AS AN IN-

TENSE, INNER EXPERIENCE, WHILE YOUNGER ONES VIEW IT

AS A WAY OF ESCAPING BAD MOODS AND CONNECTING

TOM JACOBS

UPDATED: JUN 14, 2017 ORIGINAL: AUG 20, 2015 BUT NEW RESEARCH FINDS YOUNGER AND OLDER PEOPLE

LARGELY LISTEN FOR DIFFERENT REASONS.

Music," wrote Ludwig van Beethoven, "is a higher revelation

than all wisdom and philosophy." Granted, as a composer,

Beethoven wasn't exactly an objective observer. But for

most of us, music is still the art form we turn to most fre-

quently, and the one that gives us the greatest satisfaction.

https://hoquiamschoolwa.springboardonline.org/ebook/


Music Is a Potent Source of Meaning PACIFIC STANDARD

WITH FRIENDS.

In the journal Psychology of Music, Groarke and Hogan

report older and younger people tend to express different

ideas when asked why they listen to music. While the

responses of four groups of participants—two featuring

people under 30, and two composed of those over 60—

were predictably wide-ranging, the researchers found

some distinct patterns.

For younger adults, social connection is a strong compo-

nent of music listening; you bond with your peers over

your choice in tunes. By one measure, this consideration

placed second only to "mood improvement." (This finding

aligns nicely with the theory that music originally devel-

oped as a source of social cohesion.)

But that aspect of listening was far less important to older

adults, who largely looked at music as therapeutic—a

source of meaning and personal growth. While some

younger participants did refer to music's ability to provide

them with a private "personal space," the bulk of the re-

sponses suggest older people are more interested in mu-

sic as an intense, inner experience, while younger ones

view it as a way of escaping bad moods and connecting

with friends.

Using advertisements, Groarke and Hogan recruited vol-

unteers to participate in four discussion groups, two of

which featured music lovers between the age of 18 and

30 (24 in total), while the other two consisted of seniors

ages 60 to 85 (19 in total).

The sessions began with the question "Why do you listen

to music?," which was followed by a period of reflection, a

detailed discussion of the ideas it generated, and a voting

process in which participants selected five benefits of mu-

sic listening that "they believed were most significant for

enhancing well-being." The winners were then analyzed

by a computer program that determined how they related

to one another, and clarified the responses by folding

them into a structural model.

Not surprisingly, the researchers found "affect regula-

tion"—that is, relaxation or stress reduction—was "a com-

mon and highly endorsed function of music listening by

both older and younger adults." However, rather than a

primary reason for turning on that CD player or streaming


Music Is a Potent Source of Meaning PACIFIC STANDARD

service, affect regulation was largely seen as a side benefit

that was "enhanced by other music listening functions."

"A greater proportion of younger adults considered social

connection through music listening as significant for their

well-being," the researchers write. "Younger adults consid-

ered social connection an important antecedent of

(emotion) regulation and mood improvement."

THE IDEA THAT MUSIC CAN INSPIRE PERSONAL GROWTH

OR BE OTHERWISE THERAPEUTIC WAS ENDORSED FAR

MORE AMONG THE STUDY'S OLDER PARTICIPANTS.

"Paradoxically, younger adults also endorsed the use of

music to avoid social connection, highlighting how music

can be used to create a private space," they add. "It may be

that young adults are using music to counteract the stress-

es of their more active social lives, while older adults are

using music to compensate for and regulate feelings of so-

cial isolation."

Both groups felt the power of music to evoke reminiscing

was important, but for somewhat different reasons. Younger

adults saw it as a double-edged sword, distinguishing be-

tween "spontaneous, purposeful, positive, and less-

adaptive reminiscing, such as reliving painful memories by

listening to 'break-up' songs." Older adults, in contrast,

viewed music-inspired reminiscing as a positive influencer

on personal growth.

Indeed, the idea that music can inspire personal growth or

be otherwise therapeutic was endorsed far more among

the study's older participants. Many also spoke of music in

terms of transcendence, and as meditative—ideas that did

not reach the younger participants' radar screens.

This all suggests music retains its importance as we move

through life, but the benefits it provides shift somewhat as

we age. To again quote Beethoven, "Music is the mediator

between the spiritual and the sensual life"—the sensual life

of the young, and the spiritual concerns of those who are

facing the fact that their days are limited.

Findings is a daily column by Pacific Standard staff writer Tom Jacobs, who scours the psychological-research journals to discover new in-sights into human behavior, ranging from the origins of our political beliefs to the cultivation of creativity.


(use additional paper to complete writing)

M r s . K r o h n ’ s E L A C l a s s

Writing Prompt Tom Jacobs writes that “music retains its importance

as we move through life, but the benefits it provides shift somewhat as we age”

(paragraph 16, “This all suggests…). What does the author say about the importance of music to young people? What role or roles does it play? Do you agree? Take a stance on whether or not you agree with Jacobs’ argument about the way young people use music. Use sound reasoning to support your opinion.

J K r o h n @ h o q u i a m . n e t

F o r F e e d b a c k - P h o t o o r T y p e

Music Is a Potent Source of Meaning

According to the article, what is the primary difference between the reasons that older and younger adults listen to music? Neither group had specific reasons for their listening habits.

Both groups listen to music for the same reasons but experience it

differently.

Older adults see music as a reminder of youth, while young adults

use music to rebel.

Young adults use music to connect socially, while older adults use

music to reminisce.

The term “affect regulation” refers to how a person can use music to seek transcendence.

the way music can influence emotions.

why older adults listened to music in order to boost their mood.

a way to connect with the community through shared musical

experiences.

With which statement would the author most likely agree? [For your prediction, write down several of the author's key arguments. This will help you identify an answer choice that fits within the author's viewpoint.] The versatility of music’s power proves its universal importance.

The way young people interact with music affects their spiritual

growth.

Our fundamental drive toward music stems from a desire to be-

long.

Music loses its power as people age and become

more introspective.


Read: “What is Matter?”

Matter:

Substances that make up the universe.

All matter has mass and volume.

M r s . D a y t o n ’ s P h y s i c a l S c i e n c e C l a s s N D a y t o n @ h o q u i a m . n e t

Look around you and think about what you see.

Think about the objects you touch and the air you

breathe. Did you ever stop to think, what is all that

stuff made of?

Essential Question: What do you know about matter?


Matter exists commonly in a liquid, a solid or a gas

state. Temperature causes matter to change from one

state to another.

Create a list of words that describe matter in all its forms.

Use words like colors, shapes, weight (heavy) and density.


M r . B r e w t o n ’ s H i s t o r y C l a s s

Wri

te t

he c

orre

ct

an

swer

on

th

e l

ine p

rovid

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to t

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igh

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the q

uest

ion

.

Last

na

mes

of

peop

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re a

cce

pta

ble

. S

pell

ing d

oes

not

cou

nt.

1. H

ow

man

y a

men

dm

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oes

the C

on

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on

have?_____

2. W

e e

lect

a U

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en

ato

r f

or h

ow

ma

ny

years?

_____

3. W

e e

lect

a P

resi

den

t fo

r h

ow

man

y y

ears?

_____

4. W

hat

is t

he m

axim

um

am

ou

nt

of

years

a p

resi

den

t can

serve?_____

5. W

hat

is t

he n

am

e o

f th

e P

resi

den

t of

the U

nit

ed

Sta

tes

now

?________________________

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ho w

as

the f

irst

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den

t u

nd

er t

he C

on

stit

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on

?_____________________

_________

7. W

hat

date

did

th

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orld

Tra

de C

en

ter g

et

att

ack

ed

?____________________

__________

8. W

ho w

as

the P

resi

den

t w

hen

th

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orld

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en

ter w

as

att

ack

ed

?______

___________

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hat

is c

urren

t p

osi

tion

held

by

Mik

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en

ce?_____________________________________

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th

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den

t can

no l

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erve, w

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ecom

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t?____________

___________

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hat

do w

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all

th

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ten

am

en

dm

en

ts t

o t

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on

stit

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?___________

___________

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hat

was

on

part

of

the F

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Am

en

dm

en

t?___________________________

__________

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hat

was

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urp

ose

of

the D

ecla

rati

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of

Ind

ep

en

den

ce?______________

__________

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hat

is o

ne p

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of

the U

.S. C

on

stit

uti

on

?__________________________

_________

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am

e o

ne s

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th

at

bord

ers

Can

ad

a___________________________________________

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am

e o

ne s

tate

th

at

bord

ers

Mexic

o____________________________________________

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hat

is t

he c

ap

ital

of

the U

nit

ed

Sta

tes?

________________________________________

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hat

is t

he n

am

e o

f th

e n

ati

on

al

an

them

?_____________________________

__________

19. W

hen

do w

e c

ele

brate

In

dep

en

den

ce D

ay

?______________________________________

20. H

ow

man

y s

tars

does

the f

lag h

ave?

_____

21. W

here i

s th

e S

tatu

e o

f L

iberty

?________________________________________________

22. W

ho w

as

Presi

den

t d

urin

g t

he C

ivil

War?_______________________________________

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hen

was

the C

on

stit

uti

on

writ

ten

?____________________________________________

24. W

hen

was

the D

ecl

arati

on

of

Ind

ep

en

den

ce a

dop

ted

?___________________

__________

J B r e w t o n @ h o q u i a m . n e t


M r . B r e w t o n ’ s H i s t o r y C l a s s

25. W

ho w

rote

th

e D

ecla

rati

on

of

Ind

ep

en

den

ce?__________________________

__________

26. W

hen

mu

st a

ll m

en

regis

ter f

or t

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ele

cti

ve S

ervic

e?_____

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ow

old

do c

itiz

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s h

ave t

o b

e t

o v

ote

for P

resi

den

t?_____

28. N

am

e o

ne s

tate

th

at

bord

ers

the P

aci

fic O

cean

___________________________________

29. W

hat

Ocean

is

on

th

e E

ast

Coast

of

the U

nit

ed

Sta

tes?

__________________

__________

30. H

ow

man

y U

.S. S

en

ato

rs

are t

here?_____

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e e

lect

a U

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ep

rese

nta

tive f

or h

ow

ma

ny

years?

_____

32. In

wh

at

mon

th d

o w

e v

ote

for P

resi

den

t?_____________________________

___________

33. O

n w

hat

day

do w

e a

lway

s vote

for P

resi

den

t?___________________________________

34. W

hat

is t

he s

yst

em

of

Presi

den

tial

Ele

cti

on

call

ed

?________________________________

35. W

hat

is t

he h

igh

est

cou

rt

in t

he U

nit

ed

Sta

tes?

_________________________

__________

36. H

ow

man

y j

ust

ices

are o

n t

he S

up

rem

e C

ou

rt?

________________________

___________

37. H

ow

man

y P

resi

den

ts h

ave b

een

im

pea

ch

ed

?_____

38. H

ow

man

y p

resi

den

ts h

ave t

here b

een

?_____

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hat

are t

he t

wo m

ajo

r p

oli

tical

pa

rti

es

in t

he U

nit

ed

Sta

tes?

____________

__________

40. N

am

e o

ne o

ther p

oli

tical

party

in

th

e U

nit

ed

Sta

tes_

____________________

__________

41. A

presi

den

t is

nom

inate

d b

y i

ts p

arty

in

th

e p

arty

’s_______________________________

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hat

nu

mb

er a

men

dm

en

t gave w

om

en

th

e r

igh

t to

vote

?__________________________

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hat

year w

as

the C

hic

ago W

orld

’s F

air

?_____

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hat

is t

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cti

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a p

resi

den

t can

ta

ke t

o o

verru

le c

on

gress

?____________

___________

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hat

cou

ntr

y w

as

the U

nit

ed

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tes

prim

aril

y a

gain

st i

n W

WII

?_________

__________

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hat

is a

noth

er n

am

e f

or J

un

e 6

, 1944?________________________________________

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ho r

an

again

st B

arack

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am

a i

n t

he 2

012 E

lecti

on

?____________________________

48. W

ho i

s th

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d l

ead

er o

f a s

tate

legis

latu

re?___________________________________

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hat

is t

he n

am

e o

f th

e P

resi

den

t’s

ad

vis

ors?

__________________________

__________

50. W

hat

is t

he n

am

e o

f th

e f

igh

tin

g f

orce t

hat

use

s sh

ips?

__________________

__________

J B r e w t o n @ h o q u i a m . n e t


Understanding the

Mathematics of a Piano

Two notes sound good together if their

sound waves arrive at the ear at the

same time, creating simple harmonic

patterns. For example, high C and middle

C sound good together because they

form an octave pattern, with every sec-

ond high C wave arriving at the ear at

the same time as one middle C wave.

Therefore, an octave pattern forms a fre-

quency ratio of 2 : 1.

In contrast, two notes sound bad togeth-

er if most of their sound waves do not ar-

rive at the ear at the same time, forming

complicated dissonant patterns. For in-

stance, every tenth high C wave arrives

at the ear at the same time as every

ninth B wave, so they form a more com-

plex frequency ratio of 10 : 9.

C o u r t e s y o f V i b r a t i o n D a t a

https://youtu.be/BmIVJ-u7iDUhttp://www.vibrationdata.com/tutorials2/piano.pdf


Understanding the Mathematics of a Piano


[email protected] M r s . F a l l a ’ s M a t h C l a s s

11


M r s . F a l l a ’ s M a t h C l a s s

Explain It! Explain how you used proportional

relationships to solve a real-world problem of finding notes that sound good together when played on a piano.

Make sure to include what information you need to tell if the proportional relationships between notes will make them sound good together?


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Term Meaning

Circulatory

system The body system responsible for carrying blood, nutrients, and waste throughout the body

Cardiac Related to the heart

Pulmonary Related to the lungs

Artery Blood vessel that moves blood away from the heart

Vein Blood vessel that moves blood toward the heart

Aorta Major artery that carries blood to the systemic circulatory system

Capillary Small blood vessel that allows nutrient ex-change

Atrium Upper chamber of the heart

Ventricle Lower chamber of the heart

Diagram showing the flow of blood from the heart to the rest of the human body.

Image credit: Blood flow from the heart by OpenStax, CC BY 4.0

Diagram labeling the major arteries (red) and veins (blue) in the human body

Image credit: Arteries and veins of the body by OpenStax, CC BY 4.0

The main artery of the systemic circuit is the aorta which branches out into other

arteries, carrying blood to different parts of the body.

https://cnx.org/contents/[email protected]:xuaYcQPd@3/Circulatory-and-Respiratory-Syhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/https://cnx.org/contents/[email protected]:xuaYcQPd@3/Circulatory-and-Respiratory-Syhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/



M s . P u m p h r e y ’ s H e a l t h C l a s s

Writing Prompt Make a story using 5 of the 9 key terms. Use the

information from the reading to help you. This will replace any poor grades or missing grades in

skyward (Circulatory and heart (4 assignments in skyward)- coloring’s and HW’s)

M P u m p h r e y @ h o q u i a m . n e t

The Circulatory System

The circulatory system The circulatory system is a network consisting of blood, blood vessels, and the heart. This network supplies tissues in the body with oxygen and other nutrients, transports hormones, and removes unnecessary waste products.

The heart The heart is made of specialized cardiac muscle tissue that allows it to act as a pump within the circulatory system. The human heart is divided into four chambers. There are one atrium and one ventricle on each side of the heart. The atria receive blood and the ventricles pump blood. The human circulatory system consists of several circuits:

The pulmonary circuit provides blood flow between the heart and lungs.

The systemic circuit allows blood to flow to and from the rest of the body.

The coronary circuit strictly provides blood to the heart (not pictured in the figure on page 16).

Blood and blood vessels Blood from the heart is pumped throughout the body using blood vessels. Arteries carry blood away from the heart and into capillaries, providing oxygen (and other nutrients) to tissue and cells. Once oxygen is removed, the blood travels back to the lungs, where it is re-oxygenated and returned by veins to the heart.

Common mistakes and misconceptions Arteries usually carry oxygenated blood and veins usually carry de-oxygenated blood. This is true most of the time. However, the pulmo-nary arteries and veins are an exception to this rule. Pulmonary veins car-ry oxygenated blood towards the heart and the pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart. Blood is always red. Veins can appear blue as we see them through our skin, leading some people to believe that deoxygenated blood is blue. However, this is not the case! Blood only appears blue because of the way tissues absorb light and our eyes see color. Although oxygen does have an effect on the brightness of the blood (more oxygen makes a brighter red, less makes it darker), blood is never actually blue.


M r . H a r n e r ’ s C o n s t r u c t i o n M a t h C l a s s D H a r n e r @ h o q u i a m . n e t

Overview Earlier this year, the 1st year students built their own scale model decks by drawing a blueprint and using it as an instruction sheet to complete their project. At the same time, the advanced students were starting their scale model homes, (you built your decks last year). For this assignment, we are all going to read about building an actual deck and learn about the terms and materials needed to do the project. We are going to look at how to make a lumber list by measuring the length, width and height of the deck so we will know how much and what types of lumber we will need and where it will go on the project. I will also include a price chart to figure out your costs so we can see how much you would need to save up to do your project. Throughout this process, I will have some illustrations to help you see what the deck will look like and how/where the pieces fit.

Assignment Part One Read about the deck and all of its terms. Understand how and where these terms will apply. At the end of this assignment, answer the questions using this paper. Next week’s lesson will be on the deck size, the type and cost of the lumber to use, how much weight your deck will hold and how to sketch it out and build it.

The Deck Enjoying your deck on a beautiful summer day is the perfect way to entertain guests outside or just unwind and relax. And while it’s important to have a deck that’s aes-thetically pleasing to you, the most vital part about your deck is making sure it’s struc-turally sound. That includes knowing the difference between a joist and a rim joist and what purpose they serve to your deck and its functionality and safety. One of the single biggest problems within deck building starts at the beginning of the process. Many do-it-yourselfers think they can throw up a few boards and call it a deck without consider-ing local building codes, weight loads, proper joist framing, planking, support, footings and railings. A deck needs to be safe and must support the weight of the people and furniture on it. This requires a deck design custom-configured to the space where the deck will be. The design must meet with local building code requirements to avoid pen-alties and fines. Always get a deck-building permit to ensure compliance with local laws.

What Is a Joist? Joists are the repeated structural members that are used to build a deck frame. The minimum size joist to be used in deck construction depends on the number of footings and beams that will be installed.

What Is a Rim Joist? A rim joist is the main load-bearing element for the structural soundness of your deck’s roof. It’s not only responsible for supporting the weight of the joists, but other building elements, as well. It is attached perpendicular, (two lines that intersect at a right angle or 90 degrees to each other), to the other joists, and provides lateral support for the ends of the joists while capping off the end of the floor or deck system

Deck Joist Spacing A lot of questions revolve around joists when it comes to building a deck. What is the proper placement? How far apart are deck joists placed? How do I keep them even? In general terms, joists are at a measured space of 16 inches on center to comply with most building codes for weight displacement.

Footings Footings are a very important component of deck construction because they provide the solid foundation that will support your deck. Your deck’s design will determine how live and dead loads are transferred from different sections of the deck to con-centrated points of contact with the ground. The more footings your deck has to dis-tribute the total load, the less weight each footing will need to carry. Footings also have to be installed lower than the frost line to prevent the deck from moving when the soil freezes in the winter. A pier is often used as an upright support to connect the buried footing pad to the structural post above grade. The soil conditions and the climate will determine the size and depth of your footings.

Frost Line A frost line, also known as frost depth or freezing depth, is most commonly the depth to which the groundwater in soil is expected to freeze. The frost depth depends on the climatic conditions of an area, the heat transfer properties of the soil and adja-cent materials, and on nearby heat sources. For our county, which includes Hoquiam, the frost line depth is between 12 to 18 inches.

Weight Loads The load that is placed on your deck is expressed in pounds per square foot (psf) and the total load or more appropriately, the design load, is comprised of the dead load and the live load. Dead load is basically the load created by the weight of the deck itself. This is usually about 50 psf. The live load is the external force applied to a deck due to the activities of its use. People, furniture and any other movable, physical ob-jects on the deck are covered under live load.

Deck Boards These are the boards that make up the surface of a deck. The decking boards are se-cured to the joists.

Local Building Codes Building codes are defined as: A set of regulations written by city or county officials with the help of construction professionals that governs the design, construction and modification of commercial buildings, homes and other structures in the jurisdiction. Violating these regulations can result in fines and/or penalties and work stoppage of the entire project until corrections are made. You may ask, “Why do we need to know about building codes?” Currently, there are approximately 40 million decks in the United States, and only half of those are code-compliant.


M r . H a r n e r ’ s C o n s t r u c t i o n M a t h C l a s s B u i l d A F u l l s i z e D e c k

Deck safety is a real problem. Every year we hear about decks that collapse un-der the weight of people or snow load. Improperly built decks can be danger-ous. Local codes were created to keep us safe, and many existing decks do not meet current safety codes.

What is a free standing deck? For a deck to be free standing it really must be unattached to any other struc-ture like a house. It can be within 3/4" to 1" from the siding or exterior of the house and appear like it is connected to an untrained eye but it is truly freely standing from the house. There are plenty of very good reasons that a home-owner would like to have a free standing deck. A few of the best reasons are so you don’t trap dirt, moisture and other debris against your house, (which will cause rotting). Also by not attaching it to the house, you will not be adding any extra load bearing weight to the house structure which could require extra structural supports. One of the single biggest problems within deck building starts at the beginning of the process. Many do-it-yourselfers think they can throw up a few boards and call it a deck without considering local building codes, weight loads, proper joist framing, planking, support, footings and rail-ings. A deck needs to be safe and must support the weight of the people and furniture on it. This requires a deck design custom-configured to the space where the deck will be. The design must meet with local building code require-ments to avoid penalties and fines. Always get a deck-building permit to ensure compliance with local laws.

Framing lumber, unlike money, does grow on trees, so there's always the chance it will have some natural defect, such as a large knot or a long split, that can reduce its overall strength. But not all defects are obvious. That's why every stick of lumber coming out of a sawmill is appraised by trained inspectors and given a grade stamp. This cryptic tattoo indicates that a piece of wood meets established standards for strength and stiffness, and it also offers useful infor-mation about the type of wood and how much moisture it contains. Follow along as we decode the stamp and show you how to get the most lumber for your money.

1. Species 2. Grade 3. Moisture content 4. Certification mark 5. Mill

1. Species Denotes the wood's species or a group of species with similar strengths. While all spe-cies are graded at the same four levels of strength and appearance, they are not equally strong. A joist made of Douglas fir, for instance, will cover a greater span than a hem-lock joist of the same size and grade. But using bigger joists of a cheaper species might save you money without loss of strength. The abbreviations for framing-grade soft-woods, from strongest to weakest, are as follows:

Doug Fir, D Fir- L: Douglas fir (L=western larch) SYP: Southern pine Hem, Hem-fir, H-F: Hemlock or fir S-P-F: Spruce, pine, or fir

2. Grade Establishes lumber quality based on a grader's visual inspection. The ranking goes from "Select Structural" (highest strength, best appearance) to No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3 (lowest strength, not pretty). As the numbers go up, quality and price go down. "Stud" is a fifth designation, meaning it's good for a load-bearing wall. This Old House general contrac-tor Tom Silva usually buys stacks of No. 2 lumber, which provides good strength at a reasonable price. Those stacks also include some No. 1s and Selects, to boot. For de-manding applications, such as interior load-bearing walls, he'll pay extra for these stronger grades.

3. Moisture Content "Green" unseasoned lumber fresh from the mill is labeled either air-dried (AD) or sur-face-green (S-GRN). Its moisture content of 19 percent or more makes it inexpensive, but it can move unpredictably as it shrinks and dries. You'll get less movement with kiln-dried (KD) or surface-dry (S-DRY) lumber, which has a moisture content between 16 and 19 percent. (KD-HT means the wood was also heat treated to kill pests, a requirement for imported lumber.) Tom saves money by ordering S-GRN wood when framing a new house, figuring that all the wood will air dry at the same pace. But in an existing house where the framing is already dry, he'll use more stable, and more costly, KD lumber, or even MC-15 lumber, which has a moisture content of 15 percent or less. The two re-maining designations enable grading agencies to enforce their standards.

4. Certification Mark Identifies the accredited agency or association that oversees grading accuracy, in this case the National Lumber Grades Authority.

5. Mill Gives the trademark or number of the mill of origin.


M r . P e l a n ’ s P E C l a s s

Dynamic Workout Mon Tue Thur Beauty Queen Stretch 20 seconds

each leg

Butterfly Stretch 20 seconds

10 Sit-ups

10 Push ups

Mountain Climbers 20 seconds

V-Ups 10 each leg

10 Burpees

10 Dips

Front Plank 40 seconds

Left-side Plank 30 seconds

Right-side Plank 30 seconds

Cardio Wednesday

1 mile walk/run

Cross Fit (Repeat 6 times) Friday

10 Jumping Squats

10 Sit-ups

10 Burpees

10 Triceps Dips

10 Jumping Lunges

10 Push ups

M r . H a r n e r ’ s C o n s t r u c t i o n M a t h

T P e l a n @ h o q u i a m . n e t

1. What is the most vital part about your deck?

2. What do many do-it-yourselfers think they can do?

3. Which repeated structural members are used to build a deck frame?

4. Which board is attached perpendicular to the other boards?

5. How many inches apart should joists be?

6. What makes the solid foundation that will support your deck?

7. Footings have to be installed below what?

8. What is the frost line depth in Hoquiam?

9. The weight load on your deck is expressed in what format?

10. What makes up the live load of a deck?

11. What part of the deck are the decking boards are secured to?

12. What are building codes?

13. Why do we need to know about building codes?

14. Currently, roughly how many decks in the United State are code-compliant?

15. How close to a structure can a free standing deck be?

16. Give 3 reasons to have a free standing deck.

17. Under Reading a Lumber Stamp: Using the identification numbers 1-5 with the picture, tell me what species of wood, the Grade, the Moisture content, the Certification mark and the Mill mark mean.


Instructions

1. Choose which A,C,E… overlay strip Earth Day images you will use.

(The recycle symbol or the date)

2. Color this and the B,D,F... one (the earth) in as regular pictures.

3. Cut out each image and then cut it into vertical strips. (each will

end up with 8 strips)

4. Glue the cut out strips onto the appropriate blank background.

You will glue them in alphabetical order A through P.

5. Cut out the completed glued agamorgraph, including cutting off

the letters at the bottom.

Folding

Starting from the left, fold the first strip behind, the second in front,

and the third behind, alternating until you have finished.

You now have completed your agamorgraph!

To get the best viewing of the two images you will need to aim to

have each fold at 90°. It needs to be mounted upright with each fold

at this angle.

To view one image the viewer will need to look at the art piece from

the left, and to view the other image they will need to move around

and look from the right.


M s . W e a v e r ’ s A r t C l a s s V W e a v e r @ h o q u i a m . n e t

Documents

W k Ail Ail C Cla Elciv...Choice Math: 20 minutes a day (100 min/week) M T W T F Mrs. Folkers: Leadership Have a Great Week! Ms. Pumphrey: Health & Mr. Pelan: PE The Circulatory System