Environmental Management Strategies of Coastal City :

Case Study of Phuket, Thailand VS. Xiamen, China

Wannakiat Thubthimsang*1 and Liu Zhenghua*2

*1 Phuket Marine Biological Center

Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, Thailand.

*2 Third Institute of Oceanography

State Oceanic Administration, China

Content

1. Rationale

2. Objective

3. Environmental Status of Phuket, Thailand

4. Environmental Management Strategies of

Phuket

5. Lesson Learned from Environment

Management of Xiamen, China

6. Recommendation

7. Acknowledgement

Rationale

Coastal development

Increasing of tourists

Environment degradation

Lesson learned from Environmental management

of Xiamen, China

Map of Phuket, Thailand

Map of Xiamen, China

Objective

Comparative study of environmental management

strategy between Phuket, Thailand and Xiamen,

China

Recommendation of environmental management

strategy for coastal city

Environmental Status of Phuket, Thailand

1. General information

- population 360,905 (2013)

(including immigrant 177,320 and legal foreign

labors 105,811)

- area 570.03 km2

2. Resources status

- mangrove 19.72 Km2

- sea grass 7.23 Km2

- coral reef 19.70 Km2

Environmental Status of Phuket, Thailand (cont.)

3. Environmental Status

- water treatment 4 plants

- capacity 72,341 m3 / day

- water intake 54,526 m3 / day

- debris

- Stroker capacity 700 ton/day

- Sanitary landfill (maximum capacity)

* Stop operation

Environmental Management Strategy of Phuket

Constraints

1. over debris (land and sea)

2. capacity of debris and waste water treatment

3. law enforcement

4. local government and communities

participation

COAST LINE

Communities Hotel/Resort

RestaurantFishes

landing

Sources

Environmental Management Strategy of Phuket (Cont.)

Environmental Management Strategy

1. Promote the participation of local government and

communication for environmental management

2. upgrade the capability of the stakeholders in

environmental management

3. mobilize the local communities in environmental

management

4. monitor and rehabilitate the environment for sustainable

utilization

Meeting with communities and Focus group

Lesson learned from Environmental Management of

Xiamen, China

Causes of Marine Environmental Degradation in

Xiamen

Rapid industrialization and urbanization.

A system where economic agencies dominate

over environmental protection agencies.

Central government’s leak of capacity to

coordinate integrated marine environment

agenda.

Absence of incentives at the local level to

implement environmental and natural resources

protection policies .

Resources – use Conflicts

Use conflicts in coastal zone and marine space.

Conservation and economic activities.

Degradation of water quality.

Habitat degradation.

Environment disaster.

Overexploitation.

Introduce the ICM program at the demonstration site.

Strengthen the integrated coordination mechanism and facilitate the establishment of a regional coordination mechanism.

Evaluate existing ICM local legislation and refine as needed.

Enhance law enforcement and monitoring capacity.

Adjust the sea areas use scheme and promote the application of market-based instruments.

Priority Measures for Environment and Resources

Management

Priority Measures for Environmental and Resources

Management (Cont.)

Implement the “Blue Sea” action plan for controlling

marine pollution.

Strengthen scientific and technical support for ICM.

Continue implementing public information, education

and communication activities.

Explore sustainable financing mechanisms and

encourage public sector participation.

Promote the adoption of ICM in other coastal areas.

Key lessons learned from Xiamen experince

Environmental and resources management projects

are effective if there is political will and support from

the government, both national and local.

Linking scientists and other technical experts with the

political decision makers.

The ability of local citizens to contribute and improve

the conditions of their environment succeeds, based

on their awareness, training and willingness to take

action.

19

Recommendation

Environment Strategic Plan

Political Will

Legislation Participation

Researches and

knowledge

transferredZoning

Ecosystem and Environment

Rehabilitation

แหล่งท่องเทีย่วใตท้ะเล การด าน ้า Scuba diving

Acknowledgement

APEC Marine Sustainable Development Center,

Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration,

China

National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT)

Huaqiao University (HQU)

China Society for Southeast Asian Studies (CSSAS)