WAR OVERPEACE DECLARED

November 11th 1918

•What does it take to make a lasting peace?

•Was that evident in the Paris peace settlement?

• What battle did Wilson have on the homefront and why?

• Which of Wilson’s 14 pts made it onto the peace treaty and which did not?

• What compromises were made?

•How could the League of Nations been successful?

•7,849,000 Soldiers lay dead in the Fields of Europe

•A generation wiped out by Bombs, Bullets and Gas

Allied Powers meet

•KEY Points:•WHO CAUSED the war•WHO is to PAY for the war•WHAT is TO BECOME of Germany, Austria and Europe as a whole

The Big Four at the Treaty of Versailles

• Britain: David Lloyd – George•Felt GB should be given

Germany’s colonies•Wanted Germany weakened

in some way•Felt GB should have some

control of the seas

The Big Four

•France : George Clemenceau•Wanted French troops on the Rhineland guarding against future attacks

•Wanted Alsace-Lorraine back- taken in 1870

•Wanted Germany to pay for everything

The Big Four

• Italy: Vittorio Orlando•Wanted extra land for Italy

•Wanted his FAIR SHARE from the spoils of war

The Big Four

• USA: Woodrow Wilson• 14 Points

• Ban Secret Treaties• Guarantee Freedom of the seas• Principle of Self Determination• League of Nations

SUMMARY OF TREATYSUMMARY OF TREATY

Germany blamed for the warGermany blamed for the war Germany had to pay all war Germany had to pay all war

damagesdamages Germany reduced army Germany reduced army Germany could have NO Germany could have NO

airforce, subs, limited to six airforce, subs, limited to six shipsships

Germany had to accept total responsibility for starting the First World War.

this was called the War Guilt Clause or Article 231.

Germany had to pay £6,600 million in reparations to cover war damages and other Allied losses.

These were called reparations.

Germany had to hand over some 70,000 square kilometres of land.

This accounted for about 13% of all of her land and six million of her people who lived there.

Germany was to have her colonies taken away from her.

These colonies were to become mandates run by the Allies on behalf of the League of Nations.

The German army was to have no more than 100,000 men and the navy was limited to 15,000 sailors.

There was to be no airforce and no submarines.

The German navy was only allowed six battleships and Germany was forbidden to buy any more weapons and other war material.

An Allied Army was to occupy the Rhineland for a period of fifteen years.

No German troops were to be allowed into the occupation zone.

SUMMARY OF TREATYSUMMARY OF TREATY

Germany lost territories as Germany lost territories as Poland was formed from some Poland was formed from some of its landof its land

Germany lost all coloniesGermany lost all colonies

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RESULTS OF WWIRESULTS OF WWI

Treaty of Versailles: Germany Treaty of Versailles: Germany had to accept sole responsibility had to accept sole responsibility for WWIfor WWI

Germany lost its colonies and had Germany lost its colonies and had to pay huge war reparationsto pay huge war reparations

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President Wilson’s 14 pointsPresident Wilson’s 14 points

Wilson offered a plan for lasting peaceWilson offered a plan for lasting peace Most of his points were lost.Most of his points were lost. Europe was not ready to forgiveEurope was not ready to forgive

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WILSON’S FOURTEEN WILSON’S FOURTEEN POINTSPOINTS

Ban Secret TreatiesBan Secret Treaties Guarantee Freedom of the seasGuarantee Freedom of the seas Principle of Self DeterminationPrinciple of Self Determination League of NationsLeague of Nations

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REASONS FOR FAILUREREASONS FOR FAILURE

Wilson Angered RepublicansWilson Angered Republicans Allied leaders more interested in Allied leaders more interested in

punishing the enemies.punishing the enemies.

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RESULTS OF WWIRESULTS OF WWI

Great Empires came to an end: Great Empires came to an end: German Empire, Austria-Hungarian German Empire, Austria-Hungarian Empire, Ottoman Empire, Russian Empire, Ottoman Empire, Russian EmpireEmpire

League of Nations was established, League of Nations was established, Led to the United Nations /US never Led to the United Nations /US never joined.joined.

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RESULTS OF WWIRESULTS OF WWI

New Countries: Austria, Hungary, New Countries: Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Finland, Estonia, LatviaFinland, Estonia, Latvia

New boundary lines were drawn New boundary lines were drawn which caused tension that carried which caused tension that carried over into WWIIover into WWII

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To help pay for war Debts, To help pay for war Debts, nations increased their nations increased their supply of paper money. supply of paper money. This led to inflationThis led to inflation

New boundary lines drawn New boundary lines drawn which caused tension that which caused tension that led to WWIIled to WWII

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France - 1,368,000 deadFrance - 1,368,000 dead

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Austria Hungary - 1,200,000 Austria Hungary - 1,200,000 deaddead

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Germany - 1,935,000 deadGermany - 1,935,000 dead

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British Empire - 942,135 deadBritish Empire - 942,135 dead

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The End The End On On

November November 11, 1918 at 11, 1918 at 11:00 A.M. 11:00 A.M. the armistice the armistice was signed.was signed.

At the left, At the left, the village of the village of Esnes, Esnes, before and before and afterafter

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Other nations Other nations Belgium - 45,550Belgium - 45,550Greece - 23,098Greece - 23,098Italy - 680,000Italy - 680,000Portugal - 8,145Portugal - 8,145Romania - Romania - 300,000300,000Serbia - 45,000Serbia - 45,000Bulgaria - 87,495Bulgaria - 87,495Ottoman empire Ottoman empire - 725,000- 725,000Montenegro - Montenegro - 3,0003,000Japan - 1,344Japan - 1,344

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United States - 116,516 deadUnited States - 116,516 dead

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Russia - 1,700,000 deadRussia - 1,700,000 dead