Warm up #1 Warm up #1 You will have a warm up almost every day!You will have a warm up almost every day!

Please get out your Notebook and Please get out your Notebook and write down this question and answer write down this question and answer this question. this question. What is the scientific method and What is the scientific method and list the steps in order.list the steps in order.

The Scientific The Scientific MethodMethod

The Scientific MethodThe Scientific Method

What is the scientific method?What is the scientific method?

--The scientific method is a systematic The scientific method is a systematic way to answer questions.way to answer questions.

6 steps of the Scientific Method6 steps of the Scientific Method

-There are 6 steps in the scientific -There are 6 steps in the scientific method:method:

1. State the Problem1. State the Problem

2. Gather Information2. Gather Information

3. Form a Hypothesis3. Form a Hypothesis

4. Test the Hypothesis4. Test the Hypothesis

5. Collect and Analyze Data5. Collect and Analyze Data

6. Draw Conclusions6. Draw Conclusions

1. State the problem1. State the problem

--Observe and ask a question.Observe and ask a question.

***Box Activity***Box Activity

State the problemState the problem

-Observe the room.-Observe the room.

State the problem:State the problem:

Why is it so dark in the room?Why is it so dark in the room?

2. Gather Information2. Gather Information

--Do research about your question.Do research about your question.

Gather InformationGather Information

State the Problem: Why is it so dark in State the Problem: Why is it so dark in the room?the room?

Gather Information: Why is it usually Gather Information: Why is it usually dark in rooms. Think about the dark in rooms. Think about the number of windows the room has, number of windows the room has, whether or not the lights are on, etc.whether or not the lights are on, etc.

3. Form a hypothesis3. Form a hypothesis

--A hypothesis is an educated guess A hypothesis is an educated guess about the question you asked.about the question you asked. A A hypothesis must always be:hypothesis must always be:

1. Testable1. Testable-This means that you -This means that you can do an experiment can do an experiment

to test your to test your hypothesis.hypothesis.2. Fact-based-2. Fact-based-A statement such A statement such

as as “God exists” is not fact-“God exists” is not fact-based, it’s based, it’s based on opinion, based on opinion, and therefore and therefore can not be a can not be a hypothesis.hypothesis.

Form a HypothesisForm a Hypothesis

State the Problem: Why is it so dark in the State the Problem: Why is it so dark in the room?room?

Gather Information: There are no lights on, Gather Information: There are no lights on, there is only one window.there is only one window.

Hypothesis: It is dark in this room because Hypothesis: It is dark in this room because the lights are turned off.the lights are turned off.

**Worksheet**Worksheet

4. Test your hypothesis4. Test your hypothesis

--Do an Do an experimentexperiment to test your hypothesis. to test your hypothesis. In In an experiment you need several things:an experiment you need several things:

1. 1. Materials- what you usedMaterials- what you used in the experiment in the experiment

2. 2. Procedure-the stepsProcedure-the steps (how you did the experiment) (how you did the experiment)

3. 3. Control-a group that is unchangedControl-a group that is unchanged

4. 4. Variable-what is changed in an experimentVariable-what is changed in an experiment

5. 5. Constant-what isn’t changed in the experimentConstant-what isn’t changed in the experiment

Test the Hypothesis:Test the Hypothesis:

Problem: Why is it so dark in the room?Problem: Why is it so dark in the room?

Gather Information: No lights, no windows.Gather Information: No lights, no windows.

Hypothesis: It’s dark in the room because Hypothesis: It’s dark in the room because the lights are turned off.the lights are turned off.

Test Hypothesis: Perform an experiment-Test Hypothesis: Perform an experiment-turn the lights on and see if the room turn the lights on and see if the room lights up.lights up.

Test the hypothesisTest the hypothesis

In the “turn the lights on” experiment, In the “turn the lights on” experiment,

What materials do you need?What materials do you need?

Students, Room B-2, LightsStudents, Room B-2, Lights

Test the hypothesisTest the hypothesis

In the “turn the lights on” In the “turn the lights on” experiment,experiment,

What procedure would you follow?What procedure would you follow?

1. Have someone get up and turn on 1. Have someone get up and turn on the lights.the lights.

Test the hypothesisTest the hypothesis

In the “turn the lights on” In the “turn the lights on” experiment,experiment,

What would your constants be?What would your constants be?

-The room would be the constant -The room would be the constant because it wouldn’t change.because it wouldn’t change.

Test your hypothesisTest your hypothesisIn an experiment, you have two In an experiment, you have two

variables.variables.

-The Independent Variable (IV) -The Independent Variable (IV) is is the variable that you change.the variable that you change.

-The Dependent Variable (DV) -The Dependent Variable (DV) is is the variable that you observe and the variable that you observe and measure the results of.measure the results of.

Test the hypothesisTest the hypothesis

In the “turn the lights on” experiment,In the “turn the lights on” experiment,

What would be your independent variable?What would be your independent variable?

-The light-The light

What would be your dependent variable?What would be your dependent variable?

-Whether or not the room gets lit up.-Whether or not the room gets lit up.

*****Worksheet*****Worksheet

Test your hypothesisTest your hypothesis--Two things can affect the outcome of your Two things can affect the outcome of your

experiment:experiment:1. Error-1. Error-your equipment doesn’t your equipment doesn’t

work, work, or you mess up an or you mess up an experiment experiment causing the causing the results to be wrong.results to be wrong.

2. Bias-2. Bias-you expect something to you expect something to happen in an experiment and happen in an experiment and

this this messes up your data. messes up your data.

-You should -You should always repeat experiments always repeat experiments to to make sure that your results are valid and make sure that your results are valid and not based on error or bias.not based on error or bias.

5. Collect and Analyze Data5. Collect and Analyze Data

--After you experiment, After you experiment, you need you need to collect the data into charts to collect the data into charts and then and then analyze that data by analyze that data by making graphs.making graphs.

Collecting and Analyzing DataCollecting and Analyzing Data-Data is the information you get from an -Data is the information you get from an

experiment.experiment.

-There are two kinds of data:-There are two kinds of data:Qualitative-word based (Ex:Tall, pretty)Qualitative-word based (Ex:Tall, pretty)Quantitative-number based (Ex: 6ft, 150lbs)Quantitative-number based (Ex: 6ft, 150lbs)

-When you collect data, you must be precise and -When you collect data, you must be precise and accurate.accurate.

Precise-Precise- measurements are close measurements are close togethertogether

Accurate- Accurate- measurements are close to measurements are close to the the actual answer actual answer

Qualitative vs. QuantitativeQualitative vs. Quantitative

If I say a man is 6’4”, is that qualitative or If I say a man is 6’4”, is that qualitative or quantitative?quantitative?

-Quantitative-Quantitative

If I say a man is fat, is that qualitative or If I say a man is fat, is that qualitative or quantitative?quantitative?

-Qualitative-Qualitative

Collecting and Analyzing DataCollecting and Analyzing Data

-Graphs are a good way to analyze -Graphs are a good way to analyze data because data because they show comparisons they show comparisons between variablesbetween variables..

Collecting and Analyzing DataCollecting and Analyzing DataNameName PicturePicture UsesUses

Line Line GraphGraph

--To show relationships To show relationships between variables and between variables and trends.trends.

Bar GraphBar Graph --To compare To compare information that does information that does not continuously not continuously change.change.

Pie GraphPie Graph --Shows parts of a Shows parts of a whole and whole and percentages.percentages.

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Do grades increase (go up) or decrease (go down) the more a student studies?**Worksheet

-Increase

6. Draw Conclusions6. Draw Conclusions

-In this step of the scientific method, -In this step of the scientific method, you look at your data you look at your data from your from your experimentexperiment, , andand decide whether your decide whether your hypothesis was correct or incorrect. hypothesis was correct or incorrect.

A good conclusion has three parts:A good conclusion has three parts:

1. 1. Rejecting/accepting Rejecting/accepting hypothesishypothesis

2. Sources of error2. Sources of error

3. Follow up experiments3. Follow up experiments