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Warm Up. What is the nervous system? What is it made up of? (anatomy) What does it do? (physiology) Write down all you know about the nervous system What questions would you like answered this unit about the nervous system?. Objective: SWBAT - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Warm Up What is the nervous system?
What is it made up of? (anatomy) What does it do? (physiology)
Write down all you know about the nervous system
What questions would you like answered this unit about the nervous system?
Objective: SWBAT
Explain three parasympathetic effects as well as three sympathetic effects on the body
Agenda: Guided Notes: Intro to Nervous System Parasympathetic vs. Sympathetic Activity Summary Video Extension: Coffee Closing
Homework: Effects of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems
Guided Notes: Intro to Nervous SystemThree functions:
Gather stimuli
Integrate stimuli
Generate response
Divisions:
Central—brain and spinal cord
Peripheral—all other nerves Afferent Nerves—gather sensory stimuli
EX: pain, touch, deep pressure, stretch Efferent Nerves—generate motor response
Somatic System—nerves to skeletal muscles, voluntary Autonomic System—nerves to cardiac and smooth muscle as well as glands, involuntary
Parasympathetic System—“rest and digest” Sympathetic System—“fight or flight”
Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Activity
As a class we will discover the parasympathetic nervous system’s “rest and digest” effects on the body as well as the sympathetic nervous system’s “fight or flight” effects on the body.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41xuS84tYAM
Summary Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m2GywoS77qc
Extension: Coffee How many people drink coffee?
Which system does coffee stimulate? How do you know?
Is coffee good or bad for you?
As you watch the following video, make a pros and cons T chart http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lutMjeIIm-w
Closing Is coffee good or bad for you?
Write a persuasive letter to a friend or family member convincing them that it is either ok or not ok to drink coffee
Warm Up What is a polygraph? What does a polygraph
measure?
Take out homework for Ms. McGowan to check
Objective: SWBAT
Explain the functions of the 6 parts of a neuron
Agenda: Review Homework and Discussion of Coffee (10 minutes) Tomcfad Rap and Discussion of Epipens (7 minutes) Guided Notes: Microscopic Anatomy of Nervous System (7 minutes) Neuron Modeling Activity (20 minutes) Closing (6 minutes)
Homework: Color and Label Neuron
Review Parasympathetic vs. Sympathetic Effects T Chart
Follow along as Ms. McGowan reviews your homework
Coffee drinkers: do the effects of coffee sound more similar to the parasympathetic column or the sympathetic column? What in coffee stimulates this system’s effects?
Tomcfad Summary Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5XnHtklFjI&list=PL47DE6F1
B128757BD
What neurotransmitter is responsible for signaling parasympathetic effects?
What neurotransmitter is responsible for signaling sympathetic effects?
How does this make sense with what you know about epipens used to treat allergic reactions? What body changes occur during allergic reactions? How does an epipen reverse these dangerous body changes?
Guided Notes: Microscopic Anatomy
Neurons
Dendrites—fibers that receive message
Cell body—contains nucleus and all other organelles except nucleolus
Axon—single fiber that conducts message Used 1mm diameter squid giant axon to study Longest in human body is from base of spine to big toe
Axon terminals—end of axon that contains neurotransmitters
Synaptic cleft—gap between neuron axon terminal and next neuron or cell
Guided Notes: Microscopic Anatomy
Supporting Cells
Myelin sheath—white fatty insulation wrapped around neurons that speeds signal Oligodendrocytes—specific cells that form myelin sheath around CNS
neurons Schwann cells—specific cells that form myelin sheath around PNS
neurons
Nodes of Ranvier—areas of unmyelinated axon between each myelin sheath
Saltatory conduction—process by which action potential jumps from node to node, speeding signal transmission Can reach speed of 268 mph compared to only 56 mph in unmyelinated
axon
Neuron Modeling Activity Follow along on your activity sheet to model
saltatory conduction with one another as well as model the neuron with pipecleaners and cheerios
Warm Up The brain and spinal cord have distinct areas of
white matter as well as gray matter. Why are certain sections of the brain white while others are gray?
Objective: SWBAT
Explain the 3 steps of an action potential as well as the 4 steps of signal transmission at the synaptic cleft
Agenda: Guided Notes: the Action Potential and the Synaptic Cleft with
accompanying animations (20 minutes) Action Potential Modeling Activity (20 minutes) Closing (5 minutes)
Homework: Finish Action Potential Modeling Activity
Guided Notes: the Action Potential
Normally: inside of neuron is negative (polarized) with Na+ on outside and K+ on inside
Strong stimuli signals action potential: All-or-none principle—threshold of excitation is either
reached or not reached (travels entire axon or not at all)
Depolarization (cell becomes more positive): Na+ channels open so Na+ rushes into cell
Repolarization (cell becomes more negative): Na+ channels close and K+ channels open so K+ rushes out of cell
Hyperpolarization: (cell becomes more negative than resting potential): K+ channels close and Na+/K+ pump that moves 3Na+ out and 2K+ in restores initial membrane potential Neuron cannot propagate another signal until
membrane potential is restored
Guided Notes: the Synaptic Cleft
Steps:
When action potential reaches axon terminal, Ca2+ rushes in
This signals vesicles of neurotransmitter to fuse with membrane
Neurotransmitter is released into synaptic cleft
Neurotransmitter binds to receptors on next cell, transmitting the signal to the next neuron or cell
Guided Notes: Neurotoxins
Na+ channel inhibitors Sedatives and anesthetics Tetrodotoxin in pufferfish
Inhibits vesicle release Botulinum toxin in Botox Tetanus toxin from bacteria on rusty metal
Blocks receptors Bungarotoxin in snakes
Action Potential Modeling Activity
Follow the directions on your worksheet to model the flow of Na+ and K+ ions during an action potential using milk chocolate and white chocolate chips
Once you have completed your activity, demonstrate your model for Ms. McGowan
Closing In the neuron, signal transmits via the action
potential. Between neurons, signal transmits via neurotransmitter. Which is electrical? Which is chemical?
Warm Up Why is it dangerous to eat pufferfish? Be as specific
as possible.
Objective: SWBAT
Explain why doctors test reflexes
Agenda: Action Potential and Synaptic Cleft Animations/Turn in Lab (6 minutes) Guided Notes: Reflexes (6 minutes) Reflexes versus Reactions Lab (25 minutes) Closing (6 minutes)
Homework: Finish Reflexes versus Reactions Lab If you will not be here on Friday: Giant Squid Axon and Laughing Gas
Readings
Guided Notes: Reflexes Rapid, predictable, and involuntary responses to stimuli
Even though involuntary, can be either: Somatic--affecting skeletal muscles Autonomic--affecting cardiac or smooth muscles
EX: papillary light reflex, corneal reflex, salivary reflex, gag reflex, patellar jerk reflex, plantar reflex, pain reflexes
Reflex arc—nerve pathway signaling a reflex that contains as little as two neurons The more neurons involved, the longer it takes the body to respond
Importance: change in a reflex suggests issue with nervous system
Reflexes versus Reactions Lab Follow the directions on your lab to compare 4
measured reflexes to measured reaction time
Warm Up Grab a worksheet on Kalyn’s desk
Objective: SWBAT
Explain how laughing gas affects the nervous system
Agenda: Reading: Giant Squid Axon and Laughing Gas Closing
Homework: Have a fantastic break!
Reading: Giant Squid Axon and Laughing Gas
Read the two articles and answer their respective questions
Warm Up How does laughing gas affect the nervous system?
Take out your homework for collection
Objective: SWBAT
Describe one responsibility of the brains 4 lobes and the cerebellum
Agenda: Guided Notes: Anatomy of the Brain Brain Playdough Model Closing
Homework: Brain Size and Lateralization Readings Quiz tomorrow on everything up until now (excluding brain
learning from today): divisions, neurons, action potential, synaptic cleft, neurotoxins, reflexes
Guided Notes: Anatomy of the Brain
Cerebrum: Gyri—elevated ridges Sulci—shallow grooves Fissures—deeper grooves Lobes:
Frontal—reasoning, planning, emotions, problem-solving Contains Broca’s area
Broca’s aphasia (nonfluent aphasia)—can understand, but can’t produce speech
Parietal—perception of pain, temperature, and pressure stimuli Temporal—perception of auditory stimuli, speech, memory
Contains Wernicke’s area Wernicke’s aphasia (fluent aphasia)—can’t understand, but can produce
(random) speech Occipital—vision
Corpus callosum—connects two cerebral hemispheres
Guided Notes: Anatomy of the Brain
Diencephalon: Thalamus—relays sensory information Hypothalamus—homeostasis of body temperature, thirst, and
hunger, as well as emotion (pain, pleasure, sex) Pineal gland—circadian rhythm Pituitary gland—releases hormones for various functions
Brain stem: Midbrain Pons Medulla Oblongata—heart rate, blood pressure, breathing,
swallowing, vomiting
Cerebellum—balance
Motor homunculus-- visual depictions of the amount of brain devoted to the functioning of various body parts
Aphasia Videos http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4o9La8cn7DI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1aplTvEQ6ew
Brain Playdough Model Follow along on your worksheet to create a model
of the 7 major parts of the brain using playdough
Closing What two parts of the body make up the most of
the sensory and motor homunculi? Why is this?
Warm Up Are you left brained or right brained? How do you
know?
Take out homework for collection as well as yesterday’s lab (if you didn’t finish)
Objective: SWBAT
Explain why alcohol and nicotine are so addictive Explain how anesthetics take effect shortly after administration
Agenda: Phineas Gage and Lobotomy Videos Guided Notes: Spinal Cord and CNS Protection Mouse Party Closing
Homework: Quiz Review Sheet Study for Quiz on Tuesday
Phineas Gage and Lobotomy Videos
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c6kRP41ygrI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_0aNILW6ILk
Guided Notes: Anatomy of the Spinal Cord 17 inches long from foramen magnum to last thoracic
vertebrae
Cauda equina—“horse’s tail,” spinal nerves that travel from end of spinal cord through rest of spinal column
Dorsal/ascending pathway—sensory nerves
Ventral/descending pathway—motor nerves Keep in mind that left brain tends to control right
body and right brain tends to control left body
Guided Notes: CNS Protection Meninges—three layers of connective tissue between skull and
brain Dura mater—most superficial, hard and thin layer Arachnoid mater—middle, thick space with blood vessels Pia mater—deepest, flexible and thin layer
Brain specific: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—watery cushion in and around brain Blood-brain barrier—brain contains least permeable capillaries
to maintain constant internal environment However, fat-soluble molecules still readily pass through fatty plasma
membrane CSF and blood vessels interact in arachnoid space
Mouse Party Using the University of Utah’s Genetics Learning
Center, work in groups of 4-5 to complete your worksheet and explain how heroin, ecstasy, marijuana, meth, alcohol, cocaine, and LSD affect the brain
Closing Why are alcohol and nicotine so addictive?
Warm Up Why is the middle layer of the meninges termed
arachnoid mater or space?
Take out your quiz review for completion points
Objective: SWBAT
Explain why alcohol and nicotine are so addictive Explain how anesthetics take effect shortly after administration
Agenda: Quiz Review Quiz Phineas Gage and Lobotomy Videos Mouse Party Closing
Homework: Finish Mouse Party
Quiz Review Follow along as we review your neurons quiz review
sheet!
Neurons Quiz Please put everything away except for a writing
utensil
Raise your hand if you have a question during your quiz
Hold on to your quiz when you finish—I will collect them all at once
Good luck!
Phineas Gage and Lobotomy Videos
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c6kRP41ygrI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_0aNILW6ILk
Mouse Party Using the University of Utah’s Genetics Learning
Center, work in groups of 4-5 to complete your worksheet and explain how heroin, ecstasy, marijuana, meth, alcohol, cocaine, and LSD affect the brain
Warm Up How did Phineas Gage change after the railroad
accident that sent a metal rod through his skull? Why was he affected in this way?
Objective: SWBAT
Explain why alcohol and nicotine are so addictive Explain how anesthetics take effect shortly after administration Explain why expecting mothers are urged to abstain from alcohol and
nicotine Explain why orthostatic hypotension is common in the elderly
Agenda: Finish Mouse Party Guided Notes: Development Application Questions Closing
Homework: Brain Quiz Review due Friday Brain Quiz Friday
Mouse Party Using the University of Utah’s Genetics Learning
Center, work in groups of 4-5 to complete your worksheet and explain how heroin, ecstasy, marijuana, meth, alcohol, cocaine, and LSD affect the brain
Guided Notes: Development Nervous system develops within 1st month of conception
Hypothalamus develops in last trimester
Myelination develops during childhood As evidenced by neuromuscular control
Sympathetic nervous system declines over time EX inability to constrict blood vessels
Senility—forgetfulness and irritability with old age Caused by decline in cardiovascular system, less O2 to
brain
Application Questions Work together to complete your half sheet of
development application questions
Closing Why are many elderly senile?