Warm Up 9/19Warm Up 9/19 On the global grid, the prime meridian is at On the global grid, the prime meridian is at

__ degrees _______________.__ degrees _______________. 0 degrees longitude0 degrees longitude Differences in elevation are best shown Differences in elevation are best shown

using a __________________ map.using a __________________ map. Topographic mapTopographic map How could two points 35 degrees north of How could two points 35 degrees north of

the equator—one in North America and the the equator—one in North America and the other in China—be distinguished using other in China—be distinguished using map coordinates?map coordinates?

By their longitudeBy their longitude

Earth System ScienceEarth System ScienceChapter 1, Section 4Chapter 1, Section 4

What is a System?What is a System? Earth is a dynamic planet with many separate Earth is a dynamic planet with many separate

but interactive parts or spheresbut interactive parts or spheres Earth scientists are studying how these spheres Earth scientists are studying how these spheres

are interconnected (Earth system science)are interconnected (Earth system science) Earth system science’s aim is to understand Earth system science’s aim is to understand

Earth as a system made up of numerous Earth as a system made up of numerous interacting parts, or subsystemsinteracting parts, or subsystems

System –System – any size group of interacting parts any size group of interacting parts that form a complex wholethat form a complex whole

Most natural systems are driven by sources of Most natural systems are driven by sources of energy that move matter and/or energy from one energy that move matter and/or energy from one place to another, and are called open systems place to another, and are called open systems (energy and matter flow into and out of the (energy and matter flow into and out of the system)system)

Concept CheckConcept Check

What is Earth system science?What is Earth system science? A way of looking at Earth as a system A way of looking at Earth as a system

made up of several interacting made up of several interacting subsystems.subsystems.

Earth as a SystemEarth as a System One source of energy for the Earth system is the sun, One source of energy for the Earth system is the sun,

which drives external processes that occur in the which drives external processes that occur in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and at Earth’s surfaceatmosphere, hydrosphere, and at Earth’s surface

Weather and climate, ocean circulation, and erosional Weather and climate, ocean circulation, and erosional processes are driven by energy from the sunprocesses are driven by energy from the sun

Earth’s interior is the second source of energyEarth’s interior is the second source of energy There is heat remaining from the time Earth formed, There is heat remaining from the time Earth formed,

as well as the heat continuously generated by the as well as the heat continuously generated by the decay of radioactive elements, these sources power decay of radioactive elements, these sources power the internal processes that produce volcanoes, the internal processes that produce volcanoes, earthquakes, and mountainsearthquakes, and mountains

The parts of the Earth system are linked so that a The parts of the Earth system are linked so that a change in one part can produce changes in any or all change in one part can produce changes in any or all of the other partsof the other parts

Human actions produce changes in all of the other Human actions produce changes in all of the other parts of the Earth systemparts of the Earth system

The Earth SystemThe Earth System

Concept CheckConcept Check

How do we know that Earth’s systems are How do we know that Earth’s systems are connected?connected?

Events taking place in one part can Events taking place in one part can produce changes in all the other parts.produce changes in all the other parts.

People and the EnvironmentPeople and the Environment Environment refers to everything that surrounds and Environment refers to everything that surrounds and

influences an organism (biological, social, and influences an organism (biological, social, and nonliving)nonliving)

The term The term environmental scienceenvironmental science is usually used for is usually used for things that focus on the relationships between people things that focus on the relationships between people and the natural environmentand the natural environment

Resources are an important focus of the Earth Resources are an important focus of the Earth sciencessciences

Renewable resources can be replenished over Renewable resources can be replenished over relatively short time spansrelatively short time spans

Nonrenewable resources are classified because the Nonrenewable resources are classified because the processes that create them are so slow that it takes processes that create them are so slow that it takes millions of years for significant deposits to accumulatemillions of years for significant deposits to accumulate

As the population of Earth grows, so does the demand As the population of Earth grows, so does the demand for mineral and energy resources; we must find a way for mineral and energy resources; we must find a way to meet the increasing demand for nonrenewable to meet the increasing demand for nonrenewable resourcesresources

Growth of Growth of World World

PopulationPopulation

Concept CheckConcept Check

How do renewable and nonrenewable How do renewable and nonrenewable resources differ?resources differ?

Renewable resources can be replenished Renewable resources can be replenished over a relatively short time span. over a relatively short time span. Nonrenewable resources take millions of Nonrenewable resources take millions of years to accumulate.years to accumulate.

Environmental ProblemsEnvironmental Problems The Earth sciences must also deal with The Earth sciences must also deal with

environmental problems; some problems are environmental problems; some problems are local, some are regional, and still others are local, some are regional, and still others are globalglobal

Significant threats to the environment include air Significant threats to the environment include air pollution, acid rain, ozone depletion, and global pollution, acid rain, ozone depletion, and global warmingwarming

The loss of fertile soils to erosion, the disposal of The loss of fertile soils to erosion, the disposal of toxic wastes, and the contamination and toxic wastes, and the contamination and depletion of water resources are also of concerndepletion of water resources are also of concern

Earthquakes, landslides, floods, hurricanes and Earthquakes, landslides, floods, hurricanes and drought are some of the many natural hazards, drought are some of the many natural hazards, they only become hazards when people try to they only become hazards when people try to live where these natural processes occurlive where these natural processes occur

As the world population grows, so do the As the world population grows, so do the pressures on our environment; we must strive to pressures on our environment; we must strive to understand Earth understand Earth

Concept CheckConcept Check

What are three ways that humans affect What are three ways that humans affect Earth’s systems?Earth’s systems?

Contaminating water, polluting air, Contaminating water, polluting air, disposing of toxic waste, etc.disposing of toxic waste, etc.

AssignmentAssignment

Read Chapter 1, Section 4 (pg.18-22)Read Chapter 1, Section 4 (pg.18-22) Do Section 1.4 Assessment #1-8 (pg. 22)Do Section 1.4 Assessment #1-8 (pg. 22)