Warm Up

• Photosynthesis Prediction Cards– Using the cards, work with a partner to predict the

process of photosynthesis from beginning to end.

Chocolate Chip CookiesIngredients:

2 1/4 cups all-purpose flour 1 teaspoon baking soda 1 teaspoon salt 1 cup (2 sticks) butter, softened 3/4 cup granulated sugar 3/4 cup packed brown sugar 1 teaspoon vanilla extract 2 large eggs 2 cups (12-oz. pkg.) semi-sweet chocolate chips1 cup chopped nuts

Directions:

PREHEAT oven to 375° F.

COMBINE flour, baking soda and salt in small bowl. Beat butter, granulated sugar, brown sugar and vanilla extract in large mixer bowl until creamy. Add eggs, one at a time, beating well after each addition. Gradually beat in flour mixture. Stir in morsels and nuts. Drop by rounded tablespoon onto ungreased baking sheets.

BAKE for 9 to 11 minutes or until golden brown. Cool on baking sheets for 2 minutes; remove to wire racks to cool completely.

Let’s Think About the Recipe

• What are the ingredients (raw materials)?• What is being made (products)?• What provides the energy for the change to

take place?• Did any of the ingredients disappear or get

lost during the process?

Cell Energy

Photosynthesis & Respiration

Cell Energy FoldablePhotosynthesis Respiration

Cell Energy

Energy• All living things need energy to

– Live– Grow– Reproduce

• Plants (producers/autotrophs)– Get energy from the sun which they use to make

food

• Animals (consumers/heterotrophs)– Get energy from their food

Photosynthesis• The process by autotrophs use sunlight,

carbon dioxide, and water to make food.• Pigments:

– Molecules that absorb light energy– Chlorophyll (“fills” chloroplasts)

• Main pigment of photosynthesis

• Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts - in the leaves of the plant.

Raw Materials (“Ingredients”)

• Carbon dioxide– Taken into the plant through the stomata

• Water– Taken into the plant through the roots

Stomata

Energy

• Sunlight– Absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplasts.– Provides the energy to change the raw materials

into the products of photosynthesis.

Products• Food

– Glucose (a carbohydrate)– Stored by the plant

• Oxygen– Released out of the plant through the stomata.

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

carbon + water glucose + oxygen dioxide

Light energy

RAW MATERIALS PRODUCTS

sunlight

NOVA - Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis – “Hands” Summary

Got Food! Now What?

• Autotrophs– Perform photosynthesis to make food

• Heterotrophs– Eat food

Cellular Respiration

• Respiration (breathing) provides the oxygen needed for cellular respiration, and removes carbon dioxide.

• (Cellular) respiration – the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food– In eukaryotes, takes place in the mitochondria.

Cellular Respiration

• In animals…– Most of the energy from cellular respiration is

used to maintain body heat.– The rest is used to form ATP (adenosine

triphosphate) – which supplies energy for the cells activities.

• ATP = energy

Cellular Respiration

Cellular RespirationRaw

Material

s

Products

This is known as aerobic respiration – it requires oxygen!• aero = air/oxygen

The Connection Between

Photosynthesis&

Respiration

Comparing Photosynthesis & Respiration

• They have “opposite” equations– The products of one are the raw materials of the

other.

Fermentation

• Some cells are able to obtain energy without oxygen.– Anaerobic respiration

• An = without aero = air/oxygen

• Fermentation – an energy-releasing process that does not require oxygen.– Provides energy for cells without using oxygen– Less energy is released than in aerobic respiration

Fermentation• 2 types

– Alcoholic fermentation• Yeasts• Alcohol, carbon dioxide & small amount of energy are

produced• Carbon dioxide causes bread to rise

– Lactic-Acid fermentation• Occurs in muscle cells when you are working your

muscles very hard.• Build up of lactic acid

– Causes muscles to feel weak, tired, & sore