Warm-up Question: Warm-up Question: (answer in your class copy book)(answer in your class copy book)

Columbus undertook his 1492 voyage to Columbus undertook his 1492 voyage to the Americas tothe Americas to

a) Christianize the Indian populationa) Christianize the Indian population

b) prove that the Earth was roundb) prove that the Earth was round

c) discover new worldsc) discover new worlds

d) test the geographic theories of d) test the geographic theories of PtolemyPtolemy

e) secure wealth and power for himself e) secure wealth and power for himself and the Spanish throneand the Spanish throne

Middle AgesMiddle Ages

500 – 1500 A.D.500 – 1500 A.D. Age of FeudalismAge of Feudalism 1095 – 1291 A.D. 1095 – 1291 A.D.

Crusades take placeCrusades take place

Late Middle AgesLate Middle Ages

Trade began to increaseTrade began to increaseNeed for bankers, established creditNeed for bankers, established creditLarge middle class began to developLarge middle class began to developPeople began gaining more say in People began gaining more say in

governmentgovernmentLed to the development of strong Led to the development of strong

national governmentsnational governments

RenaissanceRenaissance

C. 1350 – 1500sC. 1350 – 1500sRebirth in culture and learning Rebirth in culture and learning

from Rome and Greecefrom Rome and GreeceRaphael, Michelangelo, da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, da Vinci,

etc. etc. 1440 Guttenberg invents the 1440 Guttenberg invents the

printing press with movable typeprinting press with movable type

Religious ChangesReligious Changes

Most Europeans were Roman CatholicMost Europeans were Roman Catholic Reformers began to criticize the wealth of the Reformers began to criticize the wealth of the

church and clergychurch and clergy Began to print Bibles in the language of the Began to print Bibles in the language of the

peoplepeople Martin LutherMartin Luther Protestant faiths were bornProtestant faiths were born First movements occurred in Germany, First movements occurred in Germany,

England, & the NetherlandsEngland, & the Netherlands

New Nations began to New Nations began to EmergeEmerge

At the beginning of the Middle At the beginning of the Middle Ages, most of Europe was made Ages, most of Europe was made up of small statesup of small states

1485 Henry VII united England1485 Henry VII united EnglandFrance, Spain, and Portugal also France, Spain, and Portugal also

unitedunitedBegan to feel the need to expand Began to feel the need to expand

Colonization PatternsColonization Patterns

ReasonsReasons

Rapid accumulation of wealth Rapid accumulation of wealth (1400s-late 1500s)(1400s-late 1500s)

Religion (late 1500s)Religion (late 1500s)

SpanishSpanish

Led by conquistadors Led by conquistadors Extreme violenceExtreme violenceLarge population centersLarge population centersAreas rich in goldAreas rich in goldLong-term impactLong-term impact

FranceFrance

Similar to Spain in government Similar to Spain in government control and religioncontrol and religion

Different in relation with Different in relation with natives and economic focusnatives and economic focus

Traded and worked with the Traded and worked with the nativesnatives

Netherlands Netherlands

Different in religion, Different in religion, settlement type, and relation, settlement type, and relation,

with natives with natives Very small community and Very small community and

impactimpact

EnglandEngland

Different in settlement type, Different in settlement type, character of colonization, religioncharacter of colonization, religion

Differences from other nations Differences from other nations explain why England had the most explain why England had the most impact on the region and not other impact on the region and not other nations nations

Permanent settlements, massive Permanent settlements, massive immigration immigration

Jamestown Jamestown

Established in 1607, by the Established in 1607, by the Virginia Company of London Virginia Company of London as a business ventureas a business venture

First permanent English First permanent English settlement in the New Worldsettlement in the New World

The Virginia House of The Virginia House of Burgesses was established by Burgesses was established by the 1640s was the first the 1640s was the first elected assembly in the New elected assembly in the New WorldWorld

It has operated continuously It has operated continuously and is currently known as the and is currently known as the General Assembly of VirginiaGeneral Assembly of Virginia

Characteristics of Characteristics of early exploration early exploration and settlement in and settlement in the New Worldthe New World

New England ColoniesNew England Colonies

Settled by the Puritans, Settled by the Puritans, were seeking freedom were seeking freedom from religious persecution from religious persecution in Europein Europe

They formed a “covenant They formed a “covenant community” based on the community” based on the Mayflower Compact and Mayflower Compact and Puritans religious beliefsPuritans religious beliefs

NE ContinuedNE Continued

Puritans were often intolerant of Puritans were often intolerant of those not sharing their religionthose not sharing their religion

They sought economic They sought economic opportunity opportunity

Practiced a form of direct Practiced a form of direct democracy through town democracy through town meetingsmeetings

Middle Colonies Middle Colonies

Settled by chiefly English, Settled by chiefly English, Dutch, and Germans Dutch, and Germans

They were seeking They were seeking economic opportunity and economic opportunity and religious freedomreligious freedom

Virginia & the Virginia & the Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies

Settled by people seeking Settled by people seeking economic opportunities economic opportunities

““Cavaliers” were English Cavaliers” were English nobility who received large nobility who received large land grants in eastern VA land grants in eastern VA from the King of Englandfrom the King of England

Not these guys

This is a cavalier

Poor English immigrants also Poor English immigrants also came seeking better lives as came seeking better lives as small farmers or artisans and small farmers or artisans and settled in the Shenandoah settled in the Shenandoah Valley or western VAValley or western VA

Indentured Servants:Indentured Servants:– agreed to work on tobacco agreed to work on tobacco plantations for a time to pay plantations for a time to pay for passage to the New for passage to the New WorldWorld

Interaction among Interaction among Europeans, Africans, Europeans, Africans, and American Indiansand American Indians

American Indian vs. American Indian vs. EuropeansEuropeans The explorations and settlements The explorations and settlements

of the English in the American of the English in the American colonies and Spanish in the colonies and Spanish in the Caribbean, Central America, and Caribbean, Central America, and South America, often led to violent South America, often led to violent conflicts with the Native Americans conflicts with the Native Americans

The Indians lost their traditional The Indians lost their traditional territories and fell victim to territories and fell victim to diseases carried from Europediseases carried from Europe

By contrast, French exploration of By contrast, French exploration of Canada did not lead to large-scale Canada did not lead to large-scale immigration from France and immigration from France and relations between French and the relations between French and the Natives was often cooperative Natives was often cooperative

Africans vs. EuropeansAfricans vs. Europeans

The growth of an agricultural The growth of an agricultural economy based on large economy based on large landholdings in the Southern colonies landholdings in the Southern colonies and the Caribbean led to the and the Caribbean led to the introduction of slavery in the New introduction of slavery in the New WorldWorld

The first Africans were brought The first Africans were brought against their will to Jamestown in against their will to Jamestown in 1619 to work on tobacco plantations 1619 to work on tobacco plantations

Exit Slip: (in your class copy books)

What was the difference between colonization by the Spanish, French, and English? Where was each located?