Warm up

Write the questions!!

1. Describe the interior (Underground) of the Earth.

2. About how deep is the Earth going from one end to the other?

Use page 309-311

Describe the interior (Under ground) of the Earth.

• The Earth is divided in to 4 main layers. The Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, and Inner Core

About how deep is the Earth going from one end to the other?

• About 33, 600 Ft

• 4000 miles

This weeks Vocabulary Words• Crust- the outer layer of Earth

• Mantle- Earth’s second layer from the surface

• Outer Core- Earth’s third layer from the surface.

• Inner Core- Earth’s fourth layer from the surface

• Magma- Molten rock beneath Earth’s surface

• Earthquakes- vibrations produced when rock breaks along a fault

• Plate tectonics- theory that Earth’s crust and upper mantle are broken into plates that float and move across on a plastic like layer of the mantle.

• Continental Drift- Wegener’s hypothesis that all continents were once connected in a single large landmass that broke apart about 200 millions years ago and drifted slowly to their current positions.

Title: Earth’s Layers

• Standard- S6E5a. Compare and contrast the Earth’s crust, mantle, and core including, temperature, density and compositions.

• EQ: How are the Earth’s Layers alike and different?

Layers of the Earth

• Skin of the peach is the crust

• Meat of the peach is the mantle

• Pit of the peach is the core

Layers of the EARTH

CRUST5 to 25 miles thick and up to 1,600 F

MANTLE1,800 miles thick and up to 8,000 F

OUTER CORE1,400 miles thick and up to 11,000 F

INNER CORE800 miles thick

and up to 13,000 F

The Crust • The thickness of Earth’s crust varies from about 32 kilometers

under the continents, to about 8 kilometers under the oceans.• Earth’s crust is made of two layers. The top layer is made mostly

of light colored rock called granite, is less dense than the bottom layer which is made up of a dark colored rock called basalt.

• Both layers are found under the Earth’s continents. Only basalt is found in the crust under the oceans.

• Temperatures increase with depth from about 20 degrees C. at the top and a sizzling 870 degrees C. at the bottom of the crust.

The Mantle • About 100 years ago a Croation scientist Andrijal

Mohorovicic made a discovery while studying the behavior of earthquakes in the ground. His studies Revealed that the waves increased in speed as they passed through a boundary at a depth below the surface between 32 and 64 kilometers. He felt that this happened because the waves traveled through a less dense area.

• We now know that he founded the layer next to Earth’s crust which was the mantle.

• The makeup of the mantle’s rock is similar to the crust’s. The main difference is that there is more iron in the mantle than in the crust.

• Earth’s Mantle is about 2,900 kilometers thick and Temperature range from about 870 degrees C. to 2,200 degrees C at its bottom. At these temperatures rock begins to flow like a thick syrup.

The Outer & Inner Core• Earth’s made up of two parts, a shell called the outer core and a sphere

called the inner core. • The outer core temperature ranges from 2,200 to 5000 degrees C. which

is the temperature of the inner core. • Both cores are made up of iron and nickel.• However, while the iron and nickel in the outer core are liquids, the same

metals in the inner core are solids. • The melting point of iron is 1535 degrees C. The melting point of nickel

is 1455 degrees C. Since the temperatures are higher than the melting points in both cores you might expect it to be liquid in both places.

• BUT the reason that the inner core is solid is do to the enormous pressure bearing down on the inner core. This is the Pressure of the Crust, Mantle and Outer Core COMBINED! Pressure can keep a solid from expanding even when the temperature is greater than the melting point.

• The outer core is about 2250 kilometers thick. The border from the inner core to the center of Earth is about 1,230 kilometers thick

Warm up/ Vocabulary Words• Lithosphere- rigid layer of Earth about 100 km thick,

made of crust and part of the upper mantle• Asthenosphere: plastic like layer of Earth on which the

lithospheric plates float and move around• Density- a measurement of mass of an object divided

by volume.• Composition- a collection of material formed by two or

more substances• Temperature- a measure of the warmth or coldness of

an object or substance with reference to some standard value.

• Convection current- current in the Earth’s mantle that transfers heat in the Earth’s interior and is the driving force for plate tectonics

Topic: Layers Part 2Standard/Objective: S6E5a. Compare and contrast the earths crust mantle and core; including the temperature, density and composition.

EQ: What is the difference between the Lithosphere and the Asthenosphere??What is density?

Lithosphere•PLATES in Plate Tectonics•Upper 200 km •Apart of the Crust and upper mantle•RigidAsthenosphere•200 km to ~700 Km•Apart of the Upper mantle•Hi temperatures / high pressure: little strength; ductile / plastic - NOT A LIQUID!•Plates moving on this• Magma generation

Lithosphere and

Asthenosphere

What is Density?If you take the same volume of different substances, then they will weigh different amounts.

0.50 g 1.00 g 8.00 g

Wood Water Iron

1cm³

Q) Which has the greatest mass and therefore the most dense?

Density is the Mass Per unit Volume!!!!!

D= mass = g or g volume ml cm³

Layers Questions?1. In general, how does the density of material in the Earth’s layers

change with the depth?a. Density increases with depthb. Density decreases with depthc. Density does not change with depthd. Density increases, then decreases with depth

2. In Earth’s crust, what type of rock is found under the oceans?a. only granite

b. Only basaltc. Granite on top, basalt underneathd. Basalt on top, granite underneath

3. The thickest layer of the Earth is thea. Crust b. Mantle c. Inner Core d. Outer core

Density Questions1. 48 grams of a block of wood measures 6 cm long, 5 cm wide , and 4 cm high. What is the density of the wood ?

2. 25 grams of stone is placed into a graduated glass filled with 30 mL. of water and completely submerged. The water level rises to 40 mL. What is the density of the stone ?

The Composition of Earth

Temperature of Earth’s Layers

Hotter!!!

Coo

ler

Core

Mantle

Crust

Density of Earth’s Layers

More DenseL

ess

Den

se