Regulations for International Markets

保护性法规REGULATIONS FOR PROTECTION电干扰人员保护 ( 安全 )

眼睛的安全 ( 激光 )

电信

电子产品ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS

FCC Rules control electromagnetic noise, protect radio frequency spectrum and telecommunications

http://www.fcc.gov

UL standards protect people from danger from electrical shock, fire and injury

激光设备Laser DevicesCD ROMs

DVD

必须满足 FDA 要求CDRH 要求保护视力

核准方式Types of Approvals

Type of Equipment StandardInformation Technology Equipment        Personal Computers        Printers        Fax machines        Electronic games

 

FCC Part 15UL 1950

Telecommunications Equipment 

FCC Part 15FCC Part 68UL 1950

Home Appliances UL (many standards)

Medical Equipment FCC Part 15UL 2601

Lights UL 

Industrial Equipment UL

Radio TransmittersRemote control devices

FCC Part 15

Radio-controls for games (airplanes) FCC Part 95

Calculators and Watches NONE

Battery-powered electronics Maybe FCC Part 15

标签示例EXAMPLE LABEL

V I

S NFI D

NOM

COMPANY NAMEMODEL: XYZ123

LISTEDITEE123456

EN60950

100-240VAC 50/60 Hz130-170VA; 0.8-1.3A

MADE IN CHINA FOR INDOOR USE ONLYFUSE REPLACEMENT: T1.2

LEVEL 3LR12345

COMMON INFORMATION

(Company and Ratings)

US/CANADAUL and/or CSA

WORLD MARKETS

SPECIAL INFORMATIONUse, Fuse,Warnings

EN60950

NOMS NFI DV I Japan Germany Australia Sweden, Norway

Finland, Denmark Mexico

FCC 法规减少电磁干扰FCC RULES REDUCE ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE

Radiated

Conducted

FCC 管理和保护频谱FCC CONTROLS AND PROTECTS FREQUENCY SPECTRUM发射机

对讲机蜂窝电话电视微波炉卫星接收器

Canada has the same or very similar Technical Specifications

设备进口IMPORTATION OF EQUIPMENT

FCC Form 740 required for importing electronic equipment:“Statement Regarding the Importation of

Radio Frequency Devices Capable of Causing Harmful Interference”

Download from:o http://www.fcc.gov/formpage.html

一类产品和二类产品CLASS A and CLASS B

一类产品：办公室和工业用品

二类产品： 居民用品

电子产品必须满足 FCC 法规ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS MUST MEET FCC RULES

ExamplesPersonal Computers Video GamesCD Players Office machinesCopying machines Electronic toysRadio Receivers TVsFax machines Microwave ovens

Class A Productso Test and Report

Class B Products: Two Wayso Method #1: Declaration of Conformityo Method #2: Certification

FCC 核准FCC APPROVALS

认证o Transmitters and some computers

认证 ( 旧名：注册 )

o Telecommunications

一致性声明o Computers and radio receivers

核实o Commercial computers

重要的 FCC 法规Important FCC Rule Parts

FCC Part 2: 一般性要求FCC Part 15: 数字式设备和低功发射机FCC Part 18: 微波炉FCC Part 22: 蜂窝电话FCC Part 95: 遥控玩具

Part 15 的免除项EXEMPTIONS to Part 15NO FCC NECESSARY FOR THESE PRODUCTS

Motor vehicles, aircraft and watercraft

Electronic control systems by public utilities or in industrial plants

Industrial, commercial or medical test equipment.

Appliances.

Specialized medical digital devices

Medical diathermy equipment and ultrasonic equipment, while exempt from the Part 15 digital device standards, are subject to the regulations in Part 18

Digital devices that have a power consumption of 6 nanowatts or less, digital watches and solar calculators

Joystick or mouse controllers

惩罚PENALTIES

没收所有不合格设备个人 / 公司 $100,000/$200,000 的刑事责任罚款刑事责任罚款总额为不合格设备销售额毛收入的两倍每次违章每天罚款 $10,000

个人计算机、打印机和外设PERSONAL COMPUTERS, PRINTERS & PERIPHERALS

在经批准的实验室测试

Test Product at approved

Laboratory

Report with Technical

Information

Declaration of Conformity Sell Product

Declaration of Conformity. Does not go to the FCC

无线电发射机RADIO TRANSMITTERSExamplesCordless Phones, Radio Transmitters, CB Radios, Wireless Products

CERTIFICATION:

Test ProductReport with Technical

Information

Send Report and Application to FCC or TCB

GRANTwith FCC ID Number

Sell Product

电信连接到电话系统的设备TELECOMMUNICATIONSDevices that connect to the phone system

ExamplesTelephones, Fax Machines, Caller-ID, Modems, ADSL Devices

Test ProductReport with Technical

Information

Send Report and ACTA

Registration Number

CERTIFICATION or DOC:

Sell Product

无线电发射机Radio Transmitters

Some radio transmitters must also comply with radiation hazard levelso Cell Phoneso Hand-held radioso Low power radios

“SAR” testing. How much does radio wave affect human tissue

Expensive: $5,000 - $10,000

FCC 核准FCC ApprovalsDetermine Equipment typeIs an “FCC Certification” Necessary?

o Only required for:o Transmitterso Telephones and modemso Some types of Radio Receivers

o “scanning receivers”

This requires submission of FCC paperworko Test report and application form

FCC Identifier Number (FCC ID)

FCC 核准FCC Approvals

FCC Approval is required for:

Digital devices:o PCs, computers, fax machines, POS terminals,

printers, digital electronicso CLASS A: Computer equipment that is marketed exclusively for use in

business and industrial environments is called Class A equipment and requires verification (self approval) by the manufacturer.

o CLASS B: Personal computer equipment marketed for use in residential environments is called Class B and requires either certification by the FCC or self-approval under the Declaration of Conformity process

一致性声明（ DOC ）DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

MAJOR PROVISIONS

Applies to Class B personal computers and peripherals, TV Interface Devices and Radio Receivers

Alternative to Certification. No submission to the FCC

PROCEDURECompliance testing at accredited laboratory. No testing required for products assembled from authorized modular components.

COMPLIANCE INFORMATION STATEMENTCOMPLIANCE INFORMATION SYSTEMTESTING LABORATORIES

RESPONSIBLE PARTY

TEST PROCEDURES

DOC 标签 DOC LABELAssembled from approved components:

System Tested

This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

The label shall not be a stick-on, paper label. The label shall be permanently affixed to the product and shall be readily visible to the purchaser at the time of purchase. "Permanently affixed" means that the label is etched, engraved, stamped, silkscreened, indelibly printed or otherwise permanently marked on a permanent attached part of the equipment or on a nameplate of metal, plastic, or other material fastened to the equipment by welding, riveting or a permanent adhesive. The label must be designed to last the expected lifetime of the equipment in the environment in which the equipment may be operated and must not be readily detachable.

申请认证CERTIFICATION APPLICATIONCover Letters:

o Request for Confidentiality (if desired)o Modifications 

Test Report from LabUser’s ManualSchematics Block Diagram Test Setup Photographs from Lab Internal/External Photographs by Lab FCC ID Label Artwork: FCC Label Position on Device  Operational Description:  Attestation Statements (for Transmitters)

FCC ID

FCC ID: AAAnnnnnnnnnnnnnn

AAA: is Grantee Code from FCC. Need to get the Grantee Code from FCC:nnnnnnnnnnnnnn: is from Manufacturer

Get grantee code from web site“https://gullfoss.fcc.gov/prod/oet/index.html”

Cost: $55 (one time only)

The FCC ID number must be on all Certified Devices

FCC 发射机认证对照检查表FCC TRANSMITTER CERTIFICATION CHECKLIST

The Following is needed for testing:

TEST UNITS (one or more)

DRAWING OF ANTENNA

DOCUMENTATION

LABELLING INFORMATION

辐射测试RADIATED EMISSIONS TESTINGTest Site: Measure Radiated Noise

from Equipment Case and Cables

Measuring Antenna

Product

3 m or 10 m

Photos: EMC Test System, Austin, TX emctest.com

SpectrumAnalyzer

Open Area Test Site

Turntable

已进行的辐射测试CONDUCTED EMISSIONS TESTINGMeasure Noise on Power Line

Spectrum Analyzer

LISN

Product

Power Cord

FCC 法规的变更FCC RULE CHANGES

Telecommunications Certification Bodies (TCBs)

Electronic Filing with Internet

www.ATCB.com

Fast Approvals

安全性测试SAFETY TESTING

美国对产品安全性的要求PRODUCT SAFETY IN US

WHY?o Product Liabilityo Customer demandso Legal requirements

美国的安全性测试SAFETY TESTING IN US

Underwriter's Laboratories, Inc.NRTLs: Nationally Recognized Testing

Laboratorieso CSA, ETL, MET, DS&G, WYLE -

"Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratories" accredited by OSHA

UL Mark is Accepted in Canada

安全标志SAFETY MARKS

UL "RECOGNIZED": Designation for components, sub-assemblies that meet certain criteria, but are generally not end-use products. Will be investigated for suitability in end product

"LISTED": Reserved for end-use products that have been approved under a specific UL standard

LISTED

UL Mark for Canada: Accepted by all Canadian provinces

CSANRTL Symbol– Accepted by OSHA in the United States as safe.

– One symbol for acceptance in Canada as well as the US

NRTL

UL 标准（示例）UL STANDARDS (EXAMPLES)UL 60950: 信息技术设备UL 1026: 家用电器UL 60601-1: 医用电气设备UL 508: 工业控制设备

测试步骤TEST PROCEDUREUL Testing

Test ProductUL Prepares

Report

Factory Inspection at

Manufacturer

Manufacturer Labels Products

LISTING:

Sell Product

一般性要求General Requirements一般性要求General Requirements

Labeling and marking

Language

User Instructions

Service Information

Design requirements

Thermal and electrical characteristics

Abnormal operation

Connection to the supply

Construction details / physical requirements

标签与标志Labeling and Marking标签与标志Labeling and Marking

Rated voltage or voltage range:115/230V~ or 100-240V~ or 230V~ or 400V 3~

Rated frequency:50-60Hz or 50/60Hz

Rated current or power:10/5A or 10-5A; 200W or 200VA

NOTE:

230/ 400V~ are the harmonized voltages for the European Union.

标签与标志Labeling and Marking标签与标志Labeling and Marking

Manufacturer’s name or registered trademark.

Model or type number.

Fuse replacement info (if applicable).

IEC symbols wherever possible.

Warnings and Cautions appropriate for the particular equipment.

语言Language语言Language

‘Safety-related’ information to be in appropriate language.

Service Instructions may be in English.

Many times, the entire User Manual must be translated (for specific market areas, dependent on intended end-user, etc).

使用说明User Instructions使用说明User InstructionsInstallation Instructions - information regarding

mounting, connection to the supply, ventilation, etc.

All information regarding use, cleaning, maintenance (if necessary).

All safety warnings and cautions.

服务信息Service Information 服务信息Service Information

Fuse and component replacement information.

Special instructions to avoid hazards.

Schematics, wiring diagrams.

Special field installation and/or supply connection information.

不正常的操作Abnormal Operation不正常的操作Abnormal Operation

“None of the following conditions shall create a hazard within the meaning of the Standard:”

Fan Fail

Transformer Overload

Component Short- and Open-circuits

Failure of unapproved Thermal Limiting device.

Locked Rotor.

and others, depending upon equipment.

其它市场OTHER MARKETS

Europe: EU Directive approach to complianceNon-EU Europe: May accept CE MarkingAustralia: C-Tick Mark for EMC (CISPR emissions

now)

Japan: VCCI- Voluntary Control Council for Interference (CISPR emissions only)

South Africa: Emissions requirements onlyMexico: NOM Certification

CE 标志CE MARKING

CE Marking is for European UnionoEMC DirectiveoLow Voltage Directive (Safety)oMachinery Directive (Safety)

Self-Declaration allowed for many products

标签示例EXAMPLE LABEL

V I

S NFI D

NOM

COMPANY NAMEMODEL: XYZ123

LISTEDITEE123456

EN60950

100-240VAC 50/60 Hz130-170VA; 0.8-1.3A

MADE IN CHINA FOR INDOOR USE ONLYFUSE REPLACEMENT: T1.2

LEVEL 3LR12345

COMPANY NAMEOR MODEL NUMBER

US/CANADAUL and/or CSA

SPECIAL INFORMATIONUse, Fuse,Warnings

VOLTAGEFREQUENCY

POWER OR CURRENT

UL & CSA allow manufacturers to use “E” number or “LR” number instead of Manufacturer’s Name

一般性费用GENERAL COSTSCosts for FCC Approval

o Testing for PCs and Digital Devices: $1000-2500o Testing for Transmitters: $2500-4500o Testing for Telecommunications: $2500o FCC Fees:

o Low Power Transmitters: $1000o High Power Transmitters: $1000o Telecommunications: $500

Costs for ULo Testing Fees: $2000-5000o UL Fees: $4500-10,000

Price depends on equipment

New TechnologiesWireless Growth in US

More than 300 new Wireless products are approved every month

LANs

Bluetooth

Alarm Systems

US Electronics Industry

US Electronics Exports

$0

$50,000

$100,000

$150,000

$200,000

$250,000

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

$M

$550B Industry

$200B~Export Industry in 2001

Telecom export market ~$4.5B

Wireless Broadband

Market Access Estimates o Frost & Sullivan's North American

Broadband Wireless Access Services Marketo2000: Wireless broadband service

$842.3Mo2007: >$10B(?)

Wireless LAN Market SizeVDC, (Natick, MA):

Global Market for Wireless LAN related equipment INICs, bridges, residential gateways)

o 2001: $923Mo 2002: $1,050Mo 2003: $1,426.3M o 2004: $1,906Mo 2005: $2,384M

Communications and Imaging

New wider bandwidth technologies necessary to implement short range communication deviceso IEEE 802.11 for LANSo IEEE 802.15.3a (TG3a) for PANs

o Devices worn on or located near the bodyo PDAso HPCs (Handheld Personal Computers)

Collision Avoidance

Current and Emerging Wireless Technologies

UWB: 3.1 – 10.6 GHz, 22-29 GHzBluetooth: 2.4 GHzWi-Fi: IEEE 802.11WCDMA: Cellular 3G; GSM Migration

o 1920-1980 MHz & 2110-2170 MHz

CDMA-2000: Cellular 3G; CDMA Migration (4X wider channel)

Wi-Max: 10-66 GHz PMP IEEE 802.16

What’s the Trend?Market Potential for Wireless Technologies

Growth Rates of Chipsets 2003-2008 by Technology

Comparison of Short Range Data Capability

Challenges: Looking Forward

Interference

Security Issues

Intercompatibility

Integration & Standardization o UMTS (Universal Mobile

Telecommunications System)o Frequency Harmonization

Charging for Access: How to make $?