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Congreso Gestion de Residuos Solidos 2015
Citation preview
IV Congreso Residuos Sólidos WM-Concept for Low Income Countries
September 2015
ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 1
1 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Waste Management Waste Management Concept forConcept for
Low Income CountriesLow Income CountriesInstitute of Waste Management
Erwin Binner MSc.Erwin Binner MSc.BOKUBOKU--UniversityUniversity / Vienna/ Vienna
Institute of Waste ManagementInstitute of Waste Management
Marion Huber-HumerGudrun Obersteiner
Maxim AkhmadievPeter BeiglErwin BinnerMarlies HradGünther KrausPeter LechnerSabine LenzPeter MostbauerFlorian PartAlexandra Pukhnyuk Roland RamuschStefan SalhoferSilvia ScherhauferElisabeth SchmiedFelicitas SchneiderMargarete StaudnerBenjamin Steuer
Nina DegischerThomas EbnerReinhold OttnerZorica Stamenkovic
Anna HappenhoferChristian HochhauerAleksander JandricJulia Zeilinger
2 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Outlook
Waste Management Concept
Example Austria
Different Waste Composition
Adequate Waste Management Concept
Other Things Important for Peru
Conclusions
IV Congreso Residuos Sólidos WM-Concept for Low Income Countries
September 2015
ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 2
3 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Waste Management in Austria (and EU)1990 Waste Management Law (BGBL. I-102/2002)
prevention
reuse
recycling
energetic recovery
treatment + disposal
Priorities (5R):
4 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
production
use
recycling
residualwaste use?
biogasbiogas
Waste Management ConceptMunicipal Solid Waste (MSW)
recycling
compostinganaerobic treatment
soil
thermal treatment
thermal treatment
composting
MSW incineration landfill 4
landfill 5
anaerobic treatment
biogenousresources
resources
con-sumption
production
recycling
separatecollectedbiowaste
separatecollection
SS
SS = sewage sludge
MBT = mechanical biological pretreatment
excavated soil
Inert wastes and construction and demolition waste
reuse
recycling
landfill 1
landfill 2+3
MBT
landfill 6
IV Congreso Residuos Sólidos WM-Concept for Low Income Countries
September 2015
ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 3
5 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Waste TreatmentTreatment Costs
90 – 332thermal treatment
18 – 133mechanical-biological pretreatment
8 – 240landfilling
costs in Europe (€/t Input)
treatment of residual waste
costs are varying strongly, depending on legal requirements, applied technology and capacity
Treatment of residual waste in Europe - comparison
source: Putz, 2005
6 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Waste Composition in Peru
textile2%
fines26%
metal2%
glass3%
wood1%
plastic4%
leather<1%paper
7%
source: Analisis sectorial de residuos solidos 1998
very different to Austriaagain the local situation is to be
known
organic waste55%
31%
MSW Composition
2009 (different sources)
organic waste (Peru):48 to 55%
2009 (different sources)
organic waste (somedistricts):up to 78%
IV Congreso Residuos Sólidos WM-Concept for Low Income Countries
September 2015
ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 4
7 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
500 - 800!low income countries
Global WarmingGas Formation Potential of Landfills
gas formation: 150 – 300 m3/t DM
time frame for gas formation is between 20 and > 50 years
org. fraction in waste content C-content
[kg/t WM] [kg C/t WM]
bio waste 250 – 350 45
paper, card board 220 – 320 80
wood, textiles, leather, compounds
50 – 150 30
plastics 70 – 140 70
WM ... wet matter
DM ... dry matter
>> !!
8 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
prognosis: until 2025 50% increase;
because of reactor landfills in USA, low income countries and developing countries
2000 2025
+ 50%
Global Warming CH4 Emissions (World)
IV Congreso Residuos Sólidos WM-Concept for Low Income Countries
September 2015
ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 5
9 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Waste Management Conceptfor Low Income Countries – Bio Waste
Lima 2012, photo: Erwin Binner
10 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
15% decrease during the last 10 years because of separate collection of biowaste (Bio-Bin)
1990 2001
- 15%
Global Warming CH4 Emissions (Austria)
IV Congreso Residuos Sólidos WM-Concept for Low Income Countries
September 2015
ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 6
11 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
effect of Source Separation in Austria 1989 versus 1999
Co
llect
i on
Sys
t em
s
31
638
3
Austria1989
disposalresidual & bulky waste271 kg / inh.a (86%)
disposalresidual & bulky waste193 kg / inh.a (55%)
recyclingrecyclables, biogenic waste
190 kg / inh.a (45%)
recyclingrecyclables, biogenic waste
44 kg / inh.a (14%)
Austria1999
Reference: Federal Waste Management Plan 2001
Waste Recycling
information public relationsteaching childrensimple system
by
12 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Waste Management Conceptfor Low Income Countries – Sep. Collection
Lima 2012, photo: Erwin Binner
IV Congreso Residuos Sólidos WM-Concept for Low Income Countries
September 2015
ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 7
13 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Waste Management Concept for Low Income Countries
biological treatment
(open windrow)
shredding (<250 mm)
valuable compounds
manual sorting
49%
20%30%
MSW100 %
residual waste
49%
bio bin(sep. collect.)
49%
29%
anaerobic(2-3 weeks)
44%
5%energy 49%
aerobic(16-20 weeks)20%CO2
10%CO2
recycling
20%
(plastic, paper, metals, glass,…)landfill
20%
less gas and leachate, less volume
agriculture
25%
organic substance (humus)nutrients (N,P,K,..)
positive soil effectsless landfill gas
2%hazardous compounds
14 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Waste ManagementImportant for Peru
high quality compost
definition of quality requirements(soil protection) regulation!
reduction of landfilled waste (amount)
reduction of organics in landfilled waste (reactivity)
separate collection of biowaste:
IV Congreso Residuos Sólidos WM-Concept for Low Income Countries
September 2015
ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 8
15 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Waste ManagementImportant for Peru
different types (depending on waste)
prevention of emissions (reduction of
reactivity, bottom liner)
treatment of emissions (leachate, gas)
regulations for landfills:
long term behaviour !!long term behaviour !!
16 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Waste ManagementImportant for Peru
prevention(substitution, producer responsibility!)
separate collection
adequate treatment (reuse, recycling, chemical/physical, thermal, disposal)
regulations for hazardous wastes:
long term behaviour !!long term behaviour !!
IV Congreso Residuos Sólidos WM-Concept for Low Income Countries
September 2015
ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 9
17 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Waste ManagementImportant for Peru
waste catalogue
hazardous wastes
limit values and methods for analyses (wastes, compost, landfill behavior, leaching tests, soil, water, atmosphere)
important standards (norms) for Peru:
18 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Waste Management Conceptfor Low Income Countries - Conclusions
simple technique:low investment costs, low running costs, independency from industrialised countries (spare parts, service)
high efficiency (cost/benefit value)(low leachate and gas emissions and low costs)
IV Congreso Residuos Sólidos WM-Concept for Low Income Countries
September 2015
ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 10
19 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Waste Management Conceptfor Low Income Countries - Conclusions
simple implementation:possibly a problem may be separate collection of recyclables collected resources might be stolen
informal sector should be kept in mind: scavengers may get jobs in sorting-, composting- and MBT-plants
20 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Waste Management Conceptfor Low Income Countries - Conclusions
look to industrialised countries:
learn from their experiences
do not repeat their mistakes
do not copy their systems and techniques
adapt them for your local conditions
IV Congreso Residuos Sólidos WM-Concept for Low Income Countries
September 2015
ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 11
21 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
“Sustainable MBT-Landfill”
0,5 m non calcareous gravel
1-2 m mature compost
Miscantus
mechanical-biologicalpretreated waste
drainage system for surface runoff“free leachate discharge”
landfill liner (DVO)
Muchas Gracias por Su Atención
Muchas Gracias por Su Atención
[email protected]://www.wau.boku.ac.at
23 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Low Tech MBTLow Tech MBT
IV Congreso Residuos Sólidos WM-Concept for Low Income Countries
September 2015
ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 12
24 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Mechanical Biological PretreatmentLow Technique Systems
SAB / Salzurg, 2008 photo: Erwin Binner
25 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Mechanical Biological PretreatmentLow Technique Systems
Katsdorf / UA, 1976photo: Erwin Binner
IV Congreso Residuos Sólidos WM-Concept for Low Income Countries
September 2015
ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 13
26 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015Aich Assach / Styria, 1984
Mechanical Biological PretreatmentLow Technique Systems
Allerheiligen / Styria, 1984 photo: Erwin Binner
27 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Mechanical Biological PretreatmentLow Technique Systems
2010, photo: Johannes Tintner
IV Congreso Residuos Sólidos WM-Concept for Low Income Countries
September 2015
ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 14
28 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Mechanical Biological PretreatmentLow Technique Systems
1996, photo: Erwin Binner
29 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015
Mechanical Biological PretreatmentWindrow Turning Machines
2010, photo: Johannes Tintner