Wastewater Ponds

Secondary Biological Treatment

Go to this web page for more.

http://stabilizationponds.sdsu.edu/

Algae Bacteria relationships

Purple Sulfur Bacteria

• Purple bacteria or purple photosynthetic bacteria are proteobacteria that are phototrophic, that is capable of producing energy through photosynthesis.[1] They are pigmented with bacteriochlorophyll a or b, together with various carotenoids. These give them colours ranging between purple, red, brown, and orange.

Purple Sulfur and Non sulfur Bacteria

• Photosynthesis takes place at reaction centers on the cell membrane, which is folded into the cell to form sacs, tubes, or sheets, increasing the available surface area.

• Like most other photosynthetic bacteria, purple bacteria do not produce oxygen, because the reducing agent (electron donor) involved in photosynthesis is not water. In some, called purple sulfur bacteria, it is either sulfide or elemental sulfur. The others, called purple non-sulfur bacteria (aka PNSB), typically use hydrogen

• Ref White Knight Patent and photovoltaic applications.

Sulfur Bacteria

Algae used in fuel production

Spirogyra

Bluegreen Cyanobacteria

Duck WeedLimna Minor

Limna With Spirodela

Limna (Duck Weed) with Azolla (Red Fern)

Methods of Controlling Algae

• Deprive the algae of light with dye colorant such as Aqua Marine Shadow. Available from Bioremediation Intenational contact person Nancy Vaitkevicius nancylongname@earthlink.net

• Bacteria such as Bacillus Subtilus - IOS-500 available from IWS Corporation, contact person Vic Harvey

• victorharvey@sbcglobal.net

More ways of Controlling Algae

• Nutrient control.• Aeration.• Algae eating fish, and filter feeding organisms.• Don’t use copper or blue stone. It is toxic to

fish.

Method of controlling DuckweedLimna Minor

• Physical Harvesting.• Grazing animals.

Wastewater Pond Zones

Pond Zones

Zones

Intermittent Sand Filter