Water On EarthWater On Earth

Chapter 10, Section 1Chapter 10, Section 1

There are two types of water. There are two types of water. Can you name them?Can you name them?

1.1. Fresh WaterFresh Water2.2. Salt WaterSalt Water

On a sheet of paper:On a sheet of paper:

Write your nameWrite your nameTitle your paper: Water Title your paper: Water Smart QuizSmart Quiz

Write today’s dateWrite today’s dateNumber 1-10Number 1-10

Essential Questions Essential Questions Ch 10 Sec 1Ch 10 Sec 1

1.1. How does Earth’s water move How does Earth’s water move through the water cycle?through the water cycle?

2.2. Where are fresh water and Where are fresh water and salt water found on Earth?salt water found on Earth?

What makes Earth so unique?What makes Earth so unique?

It is the only planet covered mainly by It is the only planet covered mainly by waterwater

It is the only place where all the things we It is the only place where all the things we know about can survive.know about can survive.

Life on Earth could not exist without water.Life on Earth could not exist without water.

The Water CycleThe Water Cycle

Has no beginning or endHas no beginning or end Is powered by the SunIs powered by the Sun Naturally recycles our waterNaturally recycles our water Water moves from bodies of water, land, Water moves from bodies of water, land,

and living things on Earth’s surface to the and living things on Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and back to Earth’s surfaceatmosphere and back to Earth’s surface

Steps of the Water CycleSteps of the Water Cycle Evaporation – liquid water changes to gas Evaporation – liquid water changes to gas

(water vapor). Water evaporates from lakes (water vapor). Water evaporates from lakes and oceans, and from soil and plantsand oceans, and from soil and plants

Condensation – water vapor cools and Condensation – water vapor cools and changes back to liquid water. There must be changes back to liquid water. There must be something (like dust particles) for water vapor something (like dust particles) for water vapor to condense on.to condense on.

Precipitation – rain, snow, sleet, or hail falling Precipitation – rain, snow, sleet, or hail falling to Earth from clouds. Happens when water to Earth from clouds. Happens when water droplets grow large enough and heavy droplets grow large enough and heavy enough to fall to Earth.enough to fall to Earth.

The Water CycleThe Water Cycle

Where is all the Water?Where is all the Water? Most of Earth’s water – 97% - is salt water Most of Earth’s water – 97% - is salt water

found in oceansfound in oceans 3% of Earth’s water is fresh water.3% of Earth’s water is fresh water.

¾ of the 3% fresh water is frozen in ice caps ¾ of the 3% fresh water is frozen in ice caps and glaciersand glaciers

¼ of the 3% fresh water is underground¼ of the 3% fresh water is underground A tiny bit of the fresh water is in lakes and riversA tiny bit of the fresh water is in lakes and rivers

• The Great Lakes contain nearly 20% of all lake waterThe Great Lakes contain nearly 20% of all lake water An even smaller amount is in the atmosphereAn even smaller amount is in the atmosphere

Distribution of Earth’s WaterDistribution of Earth’s Water

OceansOceans

There are four:There are four: Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and ArcticAtlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic

• There is actually a 5There is actually a 5thth ocean now, called the ocean now, called the Southern Ocean, which is the waters above Southern Ocean, which is the waters above AntarcticaAntarctica

All the waters are connected so there is one All the waters are connected so there is one gigantic oceangigantic ocean

Surface WaterSurface Water

Chapter 10, Section 2Chapter 10, Section 2

Essential Questions Ch 10 Sec 2Essential Questions Ch 10 Sec 2

1.1. What is a river system?What is a river system?2.2. What are the characteristics of What are the characteristics of

ponds and lakes?ponds and lakes?3.3. What are three types of wetlands What are three types of wetlands

and why are they important?and why are they important?

Surface Water includes:Surface Water includes:

RiversRivers PondsPonds LakesLakes WetlandsWetlands

RiversRivers Begin as small streams (often in mountains Begin as small streams (often in mountains

where snow melts and runs downhill)where snow melts and runs downhill) TermsTerms

Tributaries – streams and small rivers that feed Tributaries – streams and small rivers that feed into a main riverinto a main river

Watersheds – the land surrounding a main river Watersheds – the land surrounding a main river that feeds water to that river. AKA drainage basinsthat feeds water to that river. AKA drainage basins

Divides – a ridge of land that separates Divides – a ridge of land that separates watersheds. The Continental Divide follows the watersheds. The Continental Divide follows the line of the Rocky Mountains.line of the Rocky Mountains.

- Surface WaterWhat is the largest watershed in What is the largest watershed in the US?the US?

- Surface Water

Sea Level and StreamsSea Level and Streams

Rivers with Many MeandersRivers with Many Meanders

PondsPonds

Bodies of fresh, still waterBodies of fresh, still water Ponds are smaller and shallower than Ponds are smaller and shallower than

lakes. Sunlight usually reaches to the lakes. Sunlight usually reaches to the bottom of all parts of a pond. Plants bottom of all parts of a pond. Plants usually grow on the bottom.usually grow on the bottom.

Ponds form when water collects in low-Ponds form when water collects in low-lying areas of land.lying areas of land.

- Surface Water

Life in a PondLife in a Pond

LakesLakes Generally lakes are much deeper and bigger than Generally lakes are much deeper and bigger than

ponds. Sunlight does not reach the bottom in a ponds. Sunlight does not reach the bottom in a deep lake. Plants don’t grow on the bottom.deep lake. Plants don’t grow on the bottom.

Lakes can form naturally or can be man-made.Lakes can form naturally or can be man-made. Glaciers can cut through the Earth then melt (the Great Glaciers can cut through the Earth then melt (the Great

Lakes)Lakes) Crustal movements can cause deep valleys that fill with Crustal movements can cause deep valleys that fill with

water (Lake Victoria in Africa)water (Lake Victoria in Africa) Volcanoes can erupt and block a river and form a lakeVolcanoes can erupt and block a river and form a lake Empty volcano craters can fill with water to become Empty volcano craters can fill with water to become

lakeslakes People build dams across rivers to make lakes (for People build dams across rivers to make lakes (for

drinking water, irrigating fields, recreation).drinking water, irrigating fields, recreation).• Lakes that store water for human use are called reservoirsLakes that store water for human use are called reservoirs

WetlandsWetlands A land area that is covered with water during part or all of A land area that is covered with water during part or all of

the yearthe year Helps control floods and provides habitats for many Helps control floods and provides habitats for many

speciesspecies Three types of freshwater wetlands:Three types of freshwater wetlands:

Marshes – grassy areas covered by shallow waterMarshes – grassy areas covered by shallow water Swamps – look like flooded forests with trees and shrubs Swamps – look like flooded forests with trees and shrubs

sprouting from the water; usually in warm, humid climatessprouting from the water; usually in warm, humid climates Bogs – contains mostly mosses because water is usually Bogs – contains mostly mosses because water is usually

acidic; found in cooler northern areas; often formed in acidic; found in cooler northern areas; often formed in depressions left by melting ice sheets thousands of years agodepressions left by melting ice sheets thousands of years ago

Coastal wetlands contain both fresh and salt waterCoastal wetlands contain both fresh and salt water Salt marshes – found along both coasts of the US; have tall, Salt marshes – found along both coasts of the US; have tall,

strong grassesstrong grasses Mangrove forests – found along the southeastern coast of the Mangrove forests – found along the southeastern coast of the

US; mangrove trees are short and have thick, tangled rootsUS; mangrove trees are short and have thick, tangled roots

Wetlands (continued)Wetlands (continued) Name a famous swamp near us.Name a famous swamp near us.

The Okefenokee Swamp in south Georgia – translation The Okefenokee Swamp in south Georgia – translation from Indian: “Land of the Trembling Earth”from Indian: “Land of the Trembling Earth”

Name a famous large wetland area south of us.Name a famous large wetland area south of us. The Everglades in south Florida.The Everglades in south Florida.

Wetlands naturally filter water and help control Wetlands naturally filter water and help control floods by absorbing extra runoff from heavy rains.floods by absorbing extra runoff from heavy rains.

Governments have passed laws to protect Governments have passed laws to protect wetlands because of their value to Earthwetlands because of their value to Earth

- Wetland Environmentss

Wetlands of FloridaWetlands of Florida

Using Freshwater Using Freshwater ResourcesResources

Chapter 10 Section 4Chapter 10 Section 4

Essential Questions Ch 10 Sec 4Essential Questions Ch 10 Sec 4

1.1. How do people use water?How do people use water?2.2. What are some ways to What are some ways to

conserve available fresh conserve available fresh water?water?

3.3. How do scientists classify How do scientists classify sources of water pollution?sources of water pollution?

- Water Supply and Demand

How do people use water?How do people use water? Household purposesHousehold purposes

Toilets, laundry, cooking, showers, washing cars, watering Toilets, laundry, cooking, showers, washing cars, watering the lawn, washing dishesthe lawn, washing dishes

IndustryIndustry To cool machinery, produce materials such as paper, toilets To cool machinery, produce materials such as paper, toilets

& sinks& sinks TransportationTransportation

Ship items and peopleShip items and people AgricultureAgriculture

Plants, more water is used for irrigation in the US than any Plants, more water is used for irrigation in the US than any other single purposeother single purpose

RecreationRecreation Fishing, boating, skiing, swimming, snow skiing, ice skatingFishing, boating, skiing, swimming, snow skiing, ice skating

Water Issues:Water Issues:

No one owns the water. We all have to No one owns the water. We all have to share it while we are here and remember share it while we are here and remember to leave it usable for the futureto leave it usable for the future

Water shortages happen when there is too Water shortages happen when there is too little precipitation or people use it up too little precipitation or people use it up too fast, or a combination of both. fast, or a combination of both.

Conservation of water:Conservation of water:

Reduce water useReduce water use Recycle waterRecycle water Reuse waterReuse water Look at page 338 for ways to conserve Look at page 338 for ways to conserve

water at home and school.water at home and school. Industries and agriculture have worked Industries and agriculture have worked

and continue to work to reduce their water and continue to work to reduce their water usage.usage.

- Water Supply and Demand

PollutionPollution The addition of any substance that has a negative The addition of any substance that has a negative

effect on water or the living things that depend on effect on water or the living things that depend on the waterthe water

Substances that cause water pollution are called Substances that cause water pollution are called pollutantspollutants

Sources of pollution are classified by how they enter Sources of pollution are classified by how they enter the waterthe water Point source – a specific source of pollutionPoint source – a specific source of pollution Nonpoint source – a widespread source that can’t be Nonpoint source – a widespread source that can’t be

tied to a specific point of origin (runoff from fields, tied to a specific point of origin (runoff from fields, streets, or construction sites)streets, or construction sites)

Look at page 340 and identify ways to reduce Look at page 340 and identify ways to reduce pollutionpollution

- Freshwater Pollution

- Freshwater Pollution

- Freshwater Pollution

ReviewReview Where is most of Earth’s water located?Where is most of Earth’s water located?

In the oceansIn the oceans What percentage of Earth is covered in water?What percentage of Earth is covered in water?

Approximately 75%Approximately 75% Where is most fresh water located?Where is most fresh water located?

In ice caps and glaciersIn ice caps and glaciers Huge areas that drain water into a main river are Huge areas that drain water into a main river are

called ____________.called ____________. Watersheds or drainage basinsWatersheds or drainage basins

What is water conservation?What is water conservation? Reducing, reusing, and recycling waterReducing, reusing, and recycling water

What is water pollution? Why do we care?What is water pollution? Why do we care? Chemicals that change our water negatively. We care Chemicals that change our water negatively. We care

because we only have a very small amount available because we only have a very small amount available for drinking and if it is polluted, we have less to use.for drinking and if it is polluted, we have less to use.

Answers to Section 1 Essential Answers to Section 1 Essential Questions:Questions:

1.1. How does Earth’s water move through How does Earth’s water move through the water cycle?the water cycle?

• The Sun powers the water cycle and causes The Sun powers the water cycle and causes evaporation, condensation, transpiration, evaporation, condensation, transpiration, and precipitation.and precipitation.

2.2. Where are fresh water and salt water Where are fresh water and salt water found on Earth?found on Earth?

• Salt water is found in oceans and some Salt water is found in oceans and some lakes. Fresh water is found in the ground, in lakes. Fresh water is found in the ground, in rivers, lakes, ponds, ice, and the rivers, lakes, ponds, ice, and the atmosphere.atmosphere.

Answers to Section 2 Essential Answers to Section 2 Essential Questions:Questions:

1.1. What is a river system?What is a river system?• All of the streams and small rivers that drain a All of the streams and small rivers that drain a

watershed and flow into one main river make up a watershed and flow into one main river make up a river system.river system.

2.2. What are the characteristics of ponds and What are the characteristics of ponds and lakes?lakes?

• Ponds are small and shallow with habitats from Ponds are small and shallow with habitats from surface to bottom. Lakes are much larger and don’t surface to bottom. Lakes are much larger and don’t usually have habitats at the bottom due to lack of usually have habitats at the bottom due to lack of sunlight.sunlight.

3.3. What are three types of wetlands and why are What are three types of wetlands and why are they important?they important?

• Marshes, swamps, and bogs are important because Marshes, swamps, and bogs are important because they help control floods by absorbing flood waters, they help control floods by absorbing flood waters, they filter water to clean it, and offer habitats to they filter water to clean it, and offer habitats to many living things.many living things.

Answers to Section 4 Essential Answers to Section 4 Essential Questions:Questions:

1.1. How do people use water?How do people use water?• Water is used for cooking, cleaning, personal Water is used for cooking, cleaning, personal

hygiene, farming, factories, recreation.hygiene, farming, factories, recreation.2.2. What are some ways to conserve available What are some ways to conserve available

fresh water?fresh water?• Turn off water when brushing teeth, take shorter Turn off water when brushing teeth, take shorter

showers, flush only when needed, factories reuse showers, flush only when needed, factories reuse water when possible, farmers irrigate responsibly.water when possible, farmers irrigate responsibly.

3.3. How do scientists classify sources of water How do scientists classify sources of water pollution?pollution?

• As point or nonpoint source, based upon the As point or nonpoint source, based upon the location of entrance of the pollutant.location of entrance of the pollutant.