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Water
© PDST Home Economics
Water cycleWater we
use in our houses comes from rainfall which forms rivers or lakes or reservoirs, is then treated and piped to our houses.
Water TreatmentSettlingFiltering‘Softening’ - Chloride
of Lime addedChlorination – kill
bacteriaFluoridation – stop
tooth decay
The water supply in the homeWater leaves the treatment plant in large pipes
called mains.A branch of the mains pipe goes into each house this
is called a service pipeThere is a stop valve on the service pipe that can be
used to turn off the water for repairsA branch of the service pipe goes to the cold tap of
the kitchen sink, this is the freshest water in the house and should be used for drinking and cooking.
The other branch of the service pipe goes to the storage tank usually on the attic and the water for all other taps is supplied from here
The water supply in the home
Hard WaterHard water is cause by compounds of calcium and
magnesium dissolved in the water.These compounds react with detergents and
form scum which makes difficult to use the water for cleaning
When boiled the chemicals become insoluble and form a scale inside pipes and kettles and boiler which can clog them and make them inefficient
The advantage of hard water is it taste nicer to drink and some of the minerals in it are good for us.
Chloride of Lime is added to hard water ‘soften’ it
Burst pipeTurn off water at
the mainsRun all cold taps
to drain the system
Do not turn on central heating or use a back boiler
Call the plumber
The Kitchen sinkUsually located under a window on
an outside wall because:Makes plumbing easierVentilationGood lightingMost are made from stainless steel
because:Easy to cleanDurableHygienicStain and heat resistant
‘S’ trap or U-bendThe ‘S’ trap or U-bend
under the sink is designed so that it always contains water.
The water prevents smell and bacteria coming back into the kitchen from drains or sewers.
After a sink is emptied the ‘S’ trap should be flushed with clean water from the cold tap.
Blocked sinkPlunger
Washing soda
WireOpen S-trapPlumber
Saving EnergyLower thermostats Switch off heat and
lightClose doorsKeep boilers servicedGood InsulationHeavy lined curtainsTimers on heat & waterDraught proof doors
and windowsTurn off appliances
fully
Saving EnergyLag cylinderShower instead of
bathAvoid running
waterFill appliances
before useUse ½ load &
economy cyclesBuy energy
saving appliancesUse CFL’s