WATER SHED PROTECTION INITIATIVE LAKE LIFILIKATABU

WATER SHED PROTECTION INITIATIVE

LAKE LIFILIKATABU REHABILITATION

VARIRATA NATIONAL PARK

UNDPPARTNERSHIP|WATERSHEDPROTECTIONINITIATIVE,VARIRATANAT.PARK -2-

TableofContents

I LocalityMap 31.0 Introduction 42.0 CurrentSituation 53.0 ProjectIntent 54.0 SiteSpecificData 6-85.0 ExecutionPlan 86.0 Deliverables&ReplenishmentBenefits 9-117.0 StakeholdersandBeneficiaries 118.0 ProjectSustainability 119.0 FinancialProposal 1210.0 ProgramofWorks 1311.0 ProjectManagement&Administration 14Annex–A-Photographs 15–16GeneralData,PrecipitationtoWaterShedProtectionInitiative 17-26


PROJECT

LOCATION

Plate1–GoogleMapofVarirataNationalParkProjectSite

MapPapuaNewGuinea


1.0INTRODUCTION

WaterShedProtectionProject–AtLakeLifilikatabu,VarirataNationalPark(VNP),SogeriCP

Thedegree,towhichwaterprecipitates,hitstheground,runsoffandinfiltratesintogroundorflows

directlyintowaterwaystoreachtheoceansandthenevaporatesintotheatmospheretorepeatits

cycleisbasicallythedynamicsofnaturalhydrologicalcycle.Inthecontextofthisinitiative,asupply

sideexistswithinthegroundwaterreservoiroftheVNPwhilethedemandsideexistsatthelower

dischargeendofthewatershedarea.Naturallypeoplebuildcommunitiesnearwatersourceswhich

areusuallyatthetransitionalzoneoratthedischargeendsofwatershedareas.

Inthisscenario,thecommunitieslocatedontheTransitionalzoneareRauna1&2,Rauna3&4while

the17Mileto14Mile,9MileandLowerLalokiareasarelocatedontheDischargezoneofthisWater

ShedModel.CommunitieslocatedalongtheTransitionalzonehavelimitedspaceforagricultureor

farmingduetotheruggedandsteepterrainandoccurrencesofmassivebasaltbouldersandhard

rocky surfaces. This condition provides favourable permeability for aquifers and stream flows as

evidentfromroadsidestreamflows.CommunitiesatthelowerDischargezoneenjoysfavourable

expanseofgrazingland,agriculturalfarminglandwheresoilremainsrelativelymoistalmostallyear

roundduetotheircloseproximitytotheLalokiRiverSystem.

TheVNP receives very good rainfall of over 2,000mm/yrwith an average annual temperatureof

24.4°C at the height of 800m ASL. This climatic condition makes it less susceptible for rapid

evaporationfromopenlakesystemandevapotranspirationfromvegetationandexposedsoil.

TheevidenceofnaturalaquiferswithinRecharge,TransitionalZonesandtheeverflowingLalokiRiver

Systemwithin the lowerDischargeSideare clear indicatorsof theexistenceof awater reservoir

located at a higher altitude. More so the evidence of natural stream flows and river systems

originating from the massive belt of basalt rock formation within the VNP further suggest the

abundanceofthisrenewablewatersourcelocateddeepwithintheVNProckformation.

OneofthemostspectacularnaturalformationswithintheVNPisthetwinnaturallakesystemwhich

isseparatedbya15meterwidenaturaldyke;withonelakesystemapproximately500mmabovethe

other.Thisnaturalphenomenonallowstheebbingofhigherlakesystemtorechargeandthelower

lakesystemandwhenthissystemreachesitsoverflowlimit,itspillsoverintothenaturaldrainage

systemanddischargesintothestreamsandriversfurtherbelow.

Byunderstandingthenaturalenvironmentandhabitatof this lakesystemandthefragileaquatic

ecosystemitsupports;atthewater-air interface, lake-floorenvironmentaswellasunderstanding

the geological infiltration potential of the lake’s base stratum, an intervention protocol geared

towardsmaximisingwaterretentioncouldbedeveloped.

Therefore the objective of this Project is to increase the lake retention volume, build hydraulic

pressurewithinthelaketopromotegoodsoilinfiltrationandultimatelyincreasetheunderground

waterstoragecapacityofthegroundwaterreservoir.TheScopeoftheexercisewillbelimitedto

dredgingandde-sludgingthelakefloorfromconsolidatedmud,sandy-siltsludgeandtreebranches

andvegetationdebristhathaveaccumulatedonthelakeflooroveraverylongperiod.


2.0CURRENTSITUATION–LAKESYSTEM

Thecurrentsituationisthattheentiretwinlakesystemshavebuilt-upsludgelevelswithin500mm

belowtheirwater-airinterface.Thesludgedepthextends1.5mbelowthe500mmsludgeleveland

thisequatestototalsludgevolumeofV=1.5mDx200mLx20mW=6,000sq.m,thetotalcombined

lakevolumetobecreatedwithinthisprojectscope.

Plate1.PhotoofoneoftheLakeSystem:

3.0PROJECTINTENTTheIntentistoincreasethetotalvolumeofthecombinedlakesystemadequatetoaccommodate

6,000cubicmetersoffreshwaterwhichshouldbeavailableat itsmaximumlevelduringthehigh

precipitationperiodsfromDecembertoApril.

DuringthelowprecipitationperiodfromMaytoNovember,itisexpectedthatthelakevolumewill

decreaseby30–50%ofitstotalholdingload,thusallowingamoderategroundwatermovement.

Thisisnecessarytokeepthesoilporesopenuntilfullcirculationresumeswhenmoreprecipitation

occurs.

Theprojectimplementationstrategywillcompriseofamechanisedoperationmethodologywherea

stringentsiteoperationprotocolwillbeemployedtoensureminimumharmtotheenvironment.

Agencyresponsiblefortheparkshallmonitoralloperationalaspectsduringthecourseoftheproject

implementationperiod.


4.0SITESPECIFICDATA

DEMANDSIDE

Location VarirataNationalPark

Sub_district Sogeri

District Kairiku

Province CentralProvince

VILLAGECODE Varirata

Latitude 5°49'42''S

Longitude 144°41'01''

HightfromMeanSeaLevel(inmeters) 700

VillagePopulation 20

CattelePaopulation Nil

A CatchmentAreainsq.km(ofthewatershed) 1

B Typeoflanduse

Agricultureinsq.km 0

Industrialinsq.km 0

Domesticinsq.km 0

PublicUtilitiesinsq.km 0.1

Othersinsq.km 320

TotalSq.km. 1,063

C Averageannualrainfallinmm 2,438

D NumberofRainydays 60

E GeneralGeologyofthearea basalticlava,igniousrockforms

F Attachacopyoflocationmap(google)

G AttachacopyoflocationPhoto

H LocationofnearestDugWell(m) 0


Plate2. SUPPLYSIDE:WaterRetention–LakeSystem

Plate3. DEMAND SIDE – Ground Water seeping out from rock formation and used for

laundry,Bathing&irrigation.SitesinPlate4belowislocateddirectlybeneaththe

TwinLakeSystem,VNP.


Plate4.DEMANDSIDE–Roadsidevehiclewashingusinggroundwatertogeneratescashincomeby

theLocalLandOwners.

5.0EXECUTIONPLAN

Theexecutionplanandmajorscopeofworksareasfollows:

5.1 MobilisetositeandcarryoutTopographicsurveyanddigitalterrainmodellingofthetwo

lakesystems,andthenproceedtocarryoutcivildesignworksforapprovalbyCEPA,

5.2 Installtemporaryshoringupworkstothelakeedges,wheredredgingequipmentwilloperate

on,

5.3 Buildtemporaryearthfilledrampsintothelakeandcommencedredging,

5.4 Transferanddisposeallsludgematerialdredgedfromthelakeflooratsitesspecifiedbythe

Park’sRanger,

5.5 StrengthenLakeedgestothenear-sideaccordingtotheapproveddesign,

5.6 Cleanupthearea,replantdamagedgrass/lawnsectionwithintheVisitorviewingareas,

5.7 Demobilise,and

5.8 HandoverandProjectClose


6.0DELIVERABLES–REPLENISHMENTBENEFITS


ThedeliverablesandtheDemandSideareasfollows:

1. Increasedlakeretentionvolumeby300%fromthecurrentestimatesof2,000cubicmeters

to 6,000 cubicmeters. This will result in increased hydraulic pressure exerted on the lake floor

creatingnewflowlinesinthesoilporesandmoresoopeningupcloggedflowlinesandultimately

rechargingthegroundwaterreservoir.

2. Tangiblegainswill includeconstant seepage throughaquifersat lowaltitudes,within the

transitionalanddischargezones.SeePlate5and6below,examplesofwhat toexpectwhenthe

proposedundergroundreservoirincreasesinhydraulicpressurewithinthereservoir:

ThegroundwaterexitingfromtherockformationislocateddirectlyundertheLakeSystem


3. The calculatedPotential LakeRetentionVolumeper year is 14,000 cubicmeters of fresh

renewablewater.

4. OtherbeneficiariesfromthisWaterShedProtectionInitiativeattheDemandSideincludes:

Plate7. Grazingland–LocatedatAdventurePark14-Mile

Plate8. LalokiRiver–Flowingdownat17-Mile


7.0STAKEHOLDERS&BENEFICIARIES

Stakeholderstothisprojectare:

7.1 ConservationandEnvironmentProtectionAuthority(CEPA),

7.2 LocalandInternationalVisitorstotheVarirataNationalPark,

7.3 Local population of Varirata, Sogeri, and Koiari (The Local Land-Owners) people

withintheTransitionalandDischargeZonesofthisWaterShed,and

7.4 ThePortMoresbyCityResidents.

8.0PROJECTSUSTAINABLITY

Renewable Fresh water retained within the underground reservoir is safe from evaporation,

pollution, contamination from industrial activities and from any uses other than for human and

livestockconsumptionandforsoilmoistureandvegetationgrowth.

As the lake system acts as a natural conduit to transfer surface precipitation into the safe

undergroundstorageforfutureuse,thisconduitmustremainfunctionaltoservethisverypurpose

forthelonghaul.

CEPAwithitsnewmandatewillembracethisinitiativeandmovefurthertofeaturethisnewproduct

locallyandinternationallytoattractmorescenictourism,birdwatchersandotherssothattheybring

inforeignexchangetosustainthecontinuedupkeepofthismagnificentlakesystem.

ThecurrentVNPvisitorfeesare;NationalTouristK2/person,ExpatriateTouristK5/person.Withthe

inclusionofthisnewProduct,‘Therehabilitatedtwinlakesystem’andagoodmarketingstrategyin

place,costrecoveryonthisinvestmentwithintheshorttimeframeispromising.

.

9.0FINANCIALPROPOSAL

FinancialProposal–UsingAnnex2Conlytoprovidequotation.Notenomajorchangeispermitted.

10.0PROGRAMOFWORKS

TheProgramofWorkstobedetailedinMSProjectforclarity.


Table 2. Program of Works Procurement of Materials 5d Mobilising and Site Establishment 2d Topographic and DTM Survey 3d Implement Shoring Up activities 3d Commence clearing and dredging of lake floor 30d Strengthening lake shore line 5d Replacing & Replacing damaged lawn within lake 3d Clean up and demobilise 1d Hand over and Project Close 0d Totalprojectdurationis35xdays,startingfromthedatewhensiteclearingcommences.

AdditionalactivitieswithregardstoProjectHandoverCeremonywillbeprovidedseparatelyasitis

notpartoftheWorksProgram.

11.0 PROJECTMANAGEMENT&ADMINISTRATION

UNDPwillmanagedtheProjectfrominceptionthroughtocompletionandhandoverwithtechnical

support from the locally engaged Engineer who will oversee the overall technical aspect of the

projectincludingliaisingwithappropriatelocal,privateentitiesandGovernmentAgencies.

12.0REQUIREDQUALIFICATION,SKILLSANDEXPERIENCEOFTHETEAM

The implementation team should include at minimum the following key professionals – TeamLeader/ProjectManager,Hydrologist,Civil/StructuralEngineerandGISSpecialist.Thequalificationslistedforeachspecialistaregivenasanorientationoftheminimumcompetenciesbuttheevaluationteamwillconsider,whenjustifiedaccordingtothemethodologyproposedandothersuggestionsfortheOfferor.

a) RequiredInformationfromPotentialBidders

• ProvideCompanyProfileandprofileofProjectDirector/Owner,• Provideevidenceofpastexperiencesinsimilarprojectscopingundertakenwithinthelast

fiveyears,• ProvidelistingofKeyPersonnelandlistingofmajorpiecesofequipmentincludingage,

ownershipandoperatingweight,and• Methodologyonhowtoimplementtheproject.

b) Demonstratedknowledgeinareasof:

• Siteclearing,dredging,excavation&haulageofsaturatedsludgematerialscomprisingsofttostickysiltymudanddecayingmattersfromnaturallakefloors,

• InstallationofLakeembankmentretainingrock-wallstructure,• Concretefootpathworksandassociatedwalkwayswithinthelakeembankment,• Experienceinbathymetric/hydrographicsurveyingandtopographic/DTMsurveying,


• Highlevelofcommunicationskills,workprogress/statusreporting,• HighlevelofOccupationalHealthandSafety(OHS)atProjectSite,• AdherencetoCEPAAdviseonminimumdestructiontosoilsurface,floraandfaunawithin

theprotectedNationalParkprojectsite,• Engage/Promotelocalvillageparticipationonlabourintensivetasksandminimiseuseof

heavyequipment,thusminimisingcollateraldamagetoenvironment,• HighlevelofRiskMitigationskillsforworkengagementswithinenvironmentandculturally

sensitiveareas.

c) TeamLeader/ProjectManager

Theteamleader/projectmanagerisexpectedtopossessthefollowing:

• MasterDegreeinSciences,Managementorrelatedfield(PhDisanadvantage);• Atleast10yearsofprojectmanagementexperience;• A good understanding and experience on water issues and construction of water supportsystems including emerging challenges of environment and climate change impacts, andcommunitydevelopment;

• Proven organizational, interpersonal and communication skills needed for effective teammanagementandcoordination;

• Strong record including experiences in selection, mobilisation and monitoring delivery ofconstructiondeadlines;

• Abilitytoworkunderpressureinadifficultmulti-culturalenvironmentonawiderangeoftasksanddeliveryqualityoutputsontime;and

• FluencyinspokenandwrittenEnglishisarequirement.

d) Hydrologist

• BachelorDegreeinhydrologyorrelated(Mastersisanadvantage);• Atleast7yearsofexperienceinhydrologyassessments;• A good understanding of climate change impacts, environmental issues and communitydevelopment;

• Experience in working on development projects that encompasses resource use andmanagementinvolvinggenderconsiderationandlandownermanagement;

• Abilitytoworkunderpressureinadifficultmulti-culturalenvironmentonawiderangeoftasksanddeliveryqualityoutputsontime;

• Goodinterpersonalskillsandabilitytocommunicate;and• FluencyinspokenandwrittenEnglishisarequirement.

e) Civil/StructuralEngineer

• Bachelor Degree in Engineering with at least 7 years of experience in Civil/StructuralEngineering(Mastersisanadvantage);

• A good understanding of climate change impacts, environmental issues and communitydevelopment;

• Experience in working on development projects that encompasses resource use andmanagementinvolvinggenderconsiderationandlandownermanagement;

• Abilitytoworkunderpressureinadifficultmulti-culturalenvironmentonawiderangeoftasksanddeliverqualityoutputsontime;

• Demonstratedknowledge,skillsandexperienceinresearch,conductinganalysisandreportingwriting;


• Goodinterpersonalskillsandabilitytocommunitytocommunicate;and• FluencyinspokenandwrittenEnglishisarequirement;

f) GISSpecialist

• BachelorDegreeinGeography,Geology,ITorrelatedfields(Mastersisanadvantage);• Atleast7yearsofmapping,GISandRemoteSensingExperience;• A good understanding of climate change impacts, environmental issues and communitydevelopment;

• Experience and knowledge of products and tools of GIS for Landuse Planning andestablishmentofwatersupplysystems;

• Abilitytoworkunderpressureinadifficultmulti-culturalenvironmentonawiderangeoftasksanddeliverqualityoutputsontime;

• Goodinterpersonalskillsandabilitytocommunitytocommunicate;and• FluencyinspokenandwrittenEnglishisarequirement;

Languagerequirements

• FluencyinwrittenandspokenEnglishandTokPisin.


ANNEX–A-to

ProjectReport1

PHOTOGRAPHS:RECHARGESIDE–VNP

Plate9.OnassignmenttoconfirmtheexistenceofGroundWaterwithintheWaterShed–VNP


Plate10. SUPPLYSIDE–GroundWaterseepingoutintothenaturaldrainagepath,Main

LookOutPoint,VNP.

Plate11. DEMANDSIDEatTransitionalZone-GroundWaterflowingoutfromtherock

formationandusedbylocalstogeneratesmallincomeattheruralvillagesetting.LocationofthissiteisjustbelowtheTwinLake

UNDPPARTNERSHIP|WATERSHEDPROTECTIONINITIATIVE,VARIRATANATIONALPARK18

GeneralDataonProjectSite

Location VarirataNationalPark

Sub_district SogeriDistrict KairikuProvince CentralProvince

VILLAGECODE Varirata

Latitude 5°49'42''SLongitude 144°41'01''HightfromMeanSeaLevel(inmeters) 700VillagePopulation 20CattelePaopulation NilA CatchmentAreainsq.km(of

thewatershed)1

B Typeoflanduse

Agricultureinsq.km 0

Industrialinsq.km 0

Domesticinsq.km 0 PublicUtilitiesinsq.km 0.1 Othersinsq.km 320

TotalSq.km. 1,063

C Averageannualrainfallinmm

2,438

D NumberofRainydays 60

E GeneralGeologyofthearea basalticlava,igniousrockforms

F Attachacopyoflocationmap(google)

G AttachacopyoflocationPhoto

H LocationofnearestDugWell(m)

0



GENERAL INFORMATION - WATER REPLENISHMENT METHODOLOGY


PRECIPITATION DATA


WATER ACCESS INTERVENTION


PROJECTPROPOSALOUTLINE

Ser ProjectSummary ProjectDetailing 1 ProjectName VarirataNationalPark(VNP)WaterShedProtection

2 ProjectID# EPC2

3 DescriptionofActivity DredginganddesludgeofexistingNaturalLakeSystem

4 Location VNP

5 Locallyengagedengineer AlbertNawara

6 Objectives ToincreasetheLake'swaterretentionvolume,leadingtoincreasedgroundwaterreservoir

7BackgroundandActivityDescription

Thenaturallakesystemlocatedat700mASLattheVNPisattheRechargeEnd

ofthelocalwaterhydrology,offeringapotentialgateintowhichsurfacewatercanstoredto

createhydraulicpressuresufficienttoforcewaterintotheunderlyinggroundwaterreservoir.

ThegeologyofVNPisvolcanicandthereforeholdslargeporesandspaceswithininterlocking

fastcoolinglavamasses,formingnaturalreservoirsdeepwithintherockformations.

Thisnaturalconditioncreateopportunitiesformantoassistmothernatureinstoringwaterduring

thefivemonthsofgoodrainfallforreuseduringthesevenmonthsdryspell.

Themainactivitieswillbedewateringanddredgingofthelakebottomtoincreaseitsvolume.

8SummaryofReplenishBenefit

Thestoredwaterdeepwithinthewatershedreservoirisvoidofevaporation,directtranspiration


fromtreesandevapotranspiration,sincewaterlosstotheatmosphereisdisadvantageoustothe

localhabitatandvegetation.SinceVNPhasheavyvegetationcanopycoverage,directtranspiration

throughthevegetation,fromthesub-surfacesoilwaterisinevitableandthismayhavecauseda

markeddecreaseinthevolumeofgroundwater.Thereforeartificiallyassistingthenaturein

rechargingandreplenishingthewaterstoragehasmuchgreaterbenefittothelocal

environmentinalongterm.

Thisstoredwater,bygravity,willeventuallyseepoutfromnaturalaquifers,waterwells,

streamsorriversatloweraltitudes.Thiscreatesbenefitstopeople,livestockandvegetation

locatedbelowattheintermediateanddischargeendsofthenaturalwatershed.

9 ActivityTimeLine Acarefulandenvironmentallyfriendlydredgingmethodologywillbeemployedandthistask

isestimatedtotake90xdaystoaccomplish.

10 FinancialDetails TotalProjectCostinclusiveoflabour,materials,equipmenthireandProjectSupervision/Fees

11CalculationofWaterReplenishBenefits

Approach Appreciateandinvestigatethelocalsurroundings,interviewParkRangerstodeterminebehaviours

ofsurfacerainfallrunoffsandsubsurfacedrainagepatternswithinVNPwatershed.

Identifypotentialwaterretentioninterventionstrategyforpossibledevelopmentandstudydesign

practices.

Therehabilitationofthelakesystemwasassessedtobeapracticalundertakingasapilot


projectasitfallswithinthescopeofthe'Intent'. ProjectSponsor'sdecisiontobesecured

AcompleteprojectformulationdocumentwillbeforwardedtotheOfficeoftheConservationand

EnvironmentProtectionAuthority(CEPA)fortheirvettingandsanctioningpriortoprojectgo-ahead.

Projectcommences,throughtocompletionandhandovertoCEPAastheCustodian.

Methodology ResearchtheDemandSidetoassessthepotentialbeneficiaries;people,livestockandvegetation.

AssesstheSupplySidetodeterminethepotentialwaterretentioncapacitywithintheproposed

Lakesystem.

Appreciatedesignlimitationsincludingrechargingpotentialandpotentialrisks.

Designtoincreasetotallakestoragecapacityandestimatenetlakewaterretentioncapacity

SeekspecificapprovalsfromCEPAforcomplianceissuesrelatingworkswithinProtectedArea

CommenceworkstocompletionandHandover

Results Deliveryalakesystemwithincreasewaterstoragecapacitytoincreasehydraulicpressure

atthebaseofthelake. DataSources CEPA

Assumptions 1.Bottomsurfaceoflakesystemiscloggedwithheavymud,siltmaterialanddebrisfromsurface

runoff,creatinganimperviouslayer,preventingefficientrechargingofthegroundwatersystem,

2.Permeabilityofunderlyingsoilstratumisgood,andgoodgroundwaterdrainagepathexists


beneaththenaturallakesystem,

3.Directlakeevaporationandevapotranspirationwillcontinuenaturallyoccurbefore,during

andafterthelakerehabilitationworks,

12 Non-quantifiedbenefits RehabilitationworkswillincreaseVNPVisitorcounttothelakescenery

13 Referencesifany CEPA

Documents

WATER SHED PROTECTION INITIATIVE LAKE LIFILIKATABU