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WAVES
Lecture 1 (2nd week)
Prepared by : Muhammad Saifu !adri Man"#r
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$#pic %utine"
$ermin##&y$ype"
$ran"'er"e
L#n&itudina
Euati#nS#und wa'e
*ntr#ducti#n t#
Wa'efr#nt"
+#herence Path di,erence
Superp#"iti#n
Pha"e reati#n"hip Pha"e di,erence
Path di,erence
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$ermin##&y
Wa'ePr#pa&ati#n
Mechanica.Eectr#ma&netic
Wa'e
L#n&itudina.$ran"'er"e Wa'e
/arefacti#n" and /e0ecti#n
+ircuar and pane c#ntinu#u"train" and pu"e
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WAVE i" a di"turbance tra'ein&thr#u&h "pace
Wa'e tran"fer" ener&y away fr#m it" "#urce #"e"
ener&y3
A pr#&re""i'e wa'e carrie" ener&yfr#m #nepace t# an#ther
with#ut tran"ferrin& any
materia
ME+4A5*+AL WAVEScarry ener&y #f #"ciati#n
thr#u&h medium
ELE+$/%MA65E$*+WAVES
carry ener&y #f #"ciati#nwith#ut medium
E7ampe : water wa'eand "#und wa'e
E7ampe : the heat fr#mthe "un
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$ype #f wa'e"
$ran"'er"e wa'e the directi#n in whichdi"turbance take pace i"
at ri&ht an&e" t#the directi#n in which wa'e tra'e"
E7ampe : eectr#ma&netic wa'e rippe" #n water
and wa'e" #f r#pe"
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L#n&itudina wa'e the di"turbance"
take pace in a directi#n parae t# thedirecti#n #f
pr#pa&ati#n #f the wa'e
E7ampe : "#und wa'e
+#mpre""i#n"888 /arefacti#n"888
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S#und wa'e" $he back d#t" repre"ent
air m#ecue" A" the #ud"peaker
'ibrate" it cau"e" the"urr#undin& m#ecue"t# 'ibrate in a
particuarpattern repre"ented by
the wa'ef#rm $he 'ibratin& air then
cau"e" the i"tener9"eardrum t# 'ibrate inthe "ame pattern
A "erie" #f c#mpre""i#n and rarefacti#n" mean""#und wa'e i" a
#n&itudina wa'e
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Wa'e $ermin##&y
+ircuar wa'e"
Pane wa'e"
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Wa'e euati#n
$he freuency i" the in'er"e #f the peri#d
$heref#re
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Wa'e euati#n
Ampitude the ma7imum di"pacement #f any p#int#n the wa'e
$ran"'er"e wa'e the ampitude i" the ma7imumdi"pacement fr#m the
centre (euiibrium) p#"iti#n
L#n&itudina wa'e the ma7imum di"pacement #fany p#int #n the
wa'e fr#m the euiibrium p#"iti#n
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ui; 1
1)
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Wa'efr#nt" a "urface #f a pr#pa&atin& wa'e @#r e7ampe
the ine" f#rmed by
cre"t" #f rippe" #n a p#ndc#rre"p#nd t# cur'ed wa'efr#nt"
Ray:$he path taken by thewa'e $hi" i" u"ed t# indicate
thedirecti#n #f wa'e pr#pa&ati#n
/ay" are away" at ri&ht an&e"t# the wa'e fr#nt" (ie
wa'efr#nt" are away" perpendicuart# the directi#n #f
pr#pa&ati#n)
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+#herence
$w# wa'e" i" "aid t# bec#herence if they ha'e
Same wa'een&th
Same freuencySame pha"e
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Superp#"iti#n
Principle ofSuperposition: Whentw# #r m#re wa'e" #f the"ame type
meet at a
p#int the resultantdisplacement#f thewa'e" i" eua t#the vector
sum#f theirindi'idua di"pacement"at that p#int
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*nterference
Phen#men#n that #ccur" when tw# wa'e" meetwhie tra'ein&
a#n& the "ame medium
$he interference #f wa'e" cau"e" the medium t#take #n a "hape
that re"ut" fr#m the net e,ect #fthe tw# indi'idua wa'e" up#n the
partice" #f themedium"uperp#"iti#n
+#n"tructi'e *nterference
#ccur" when the net di"pacement after the "uperp#"iti#n#f tw#
wa'e" i" hi&her than the indi'idua di"pacementcau"ed by either
wa'e
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*nterference
+#n"ider tw# wa'e": A and ! Wa'e A and wa'e! meet at a particuar
p#int at a particuar time
Wa'e A pr#duce" a di"pacement aat that p#intWa'e ! pr#duce" a
di"pacement bat that p#int
$he net di"pacement at that p#int w#ud be thenbe eua t# aBb
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Pha"e /eati#n"hip
Path
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Pha"e /eati#n"hip
Pha"e di,erence i" thedi,erence between
"#me reference p#intin 2 wa'e"
$w# p#int" #n a wa'eare in pha"e if they are
b#th at the "ame p#intin the wa'e cyce
P#int in pha"e ha'e
the "amedi"pacement and
'e#city
