Ways of the World - Part 1

Part 5 The European Moment

Covers chapters 17 20

By Nickolas Alvarado

Chapter 17: Atlantic Revolutions and Their Echos
1750 - 1914

French Revolution, 1789 - 1815Began 1789Execution of Louis XVI 1794Driven by conficts between the three main social classes. Napoleon brought to power and created a French empire in Europe.

http://worldhistoryatyhs.wikispaces.com/French+Revolution

1750 - 1914

Spanish American Revolutions, 1810 1825Process lasted about twice as long as North America.MexicoBegan in 1810, led by Miguel Hidalgo and Jos Morales, but was crushed by creoles who later paired with the church to finish the job in 1821.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_Hidalgo_y_Costilla

1750 - 1914

SlaveryBritain began outlawing the sale of slaves in 1807 and emancipating them in 1834. Other nations soon followed with Brazil being the final country to abolish slavery in 1888. The United States had a unique experience with the Civil War, the most violent transition into non-slavery versus everywhere else.

http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civil-war/1862/july/bayonet-charge.htm

Chapter 18: Revolutions of Industrialization
1750 - 1914

The First Industrial Society Great BritainLabor class, 70% of the population: Benefited least and suffered the most.Living conditions worsened as cities began to overcrowd.Labor conditions became more dangerous as machines moved into facilities.Unions sprang up which some saw as extremely dangerous.Karl Marx created communism in response to what he saw in Britain during his life.

Painting depicting new industry.

1750 - 1914

RussiaIndustrialization began in the 1890s fueled by foreign investors.Still relied on monarchy which middle class found dated.Socialism began to take root and became chief ruling body after the 1917 Revolution under Lenin using Karl Marx's philosophy.

Catherine the Great helped to modernize Russia.

1750 - 1914

Karl Marx developed socialism which had a huge impact on the history of the world. Most notably it influenced communism, the philosophy practiced by both the USSR and China in the 20th century.

Chapter 19: Internal Troubles, External Threats
1800 - 1914

Opium addiction became a large problem resulting in friction with the British. The Treaty of Nanjing and Opium War followed.

Western destroyers blowing up Chinese boats.

1800 - 1914

Ottoman Empire, The Sick Man of EuropeWas no longer seen as an equal among European powers and was losing regions to Christian muscle.Fell dependent on Europe and lost territory as a result.

1800 - 1914

JapanA modern government came around, getting rid of the samurai and establishing a national army, treaties with various nations, and took European and American ideals to create their constitution.Was able to industrialize without too much outside help.

The Dutch were the only western trading partners allowed up until Japan modernized.

Chapter 20: Colonial Encounters
1750 - 1914

More European conquestsAfrica and Asia saw a second wave of empire building by European powers.

Africa in 1890. It shows the borders of various territories belonging to European empires.

1750 - 1914

Forced labor was popular and even led to atrocities. The Dutch would terrorize people in the Congo for not retrieving enough rubber.

Boys with severed hands after contact with the Dutch.

1750 - 1914

Race was created to distinguish people belonging to different ethnic, religious, or language groups but also took into consideration appearance and other traits. It is not a biological classification but plays a major role in the world today.

An example of the many different races on the planet today.

Part 6 The Most Recent Century

Covers chapters 21 - 24

Chapter 21: Collapse and Recovery of Europe
1914 1970s

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand on June 28, 1914 which accidentally started WWI.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand_of_Austria

Franz Ferdinand, the man who was killed.

1914 1970s

The aftermath of the atomic bombs that brought WWII to an end. Little Boy dropped on Hiroshima and Fat Man on Nagasaki.

Before and after images of Hiroshima.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki

1914 1970s

The borders after World War II. Europe was different than today, most notably Germany split in two.

http://kc-johnson.com/fall-2009-courses/core-2-2/core-2-2-november-classes/

Chapter 22: The Rise and Fall of World Communism
1917 - present

Lenin led the Socialist movement that brought about the 1917 Russian Revolution and the murder of the Tsar and his family.

http://www.britannica.com/bps/media-view/121015/1/0/0

Lenin addressing a crowd in 1917.

1917 - present

Mao Zedong led communist China throughout the mid 20th century. He oversaw industrialization and modernization but wanted to create a unique identity for the Asian state.

http://operatorchan.org/t/arch/res/129532+50.html

Stalin and Zedong shaking hands on a Chinese postage stamp.

1917 - present

The Cold War initiated a rivalry between America and the Soviets. One of the greatest competitions was the space race. The USSR put Sputnik into orbit and the first man in space but the US made it onto the moon.

The United States' putting a man on the moon.

Chapter 23: Independence and Development in the Global South
1914 - present

Mohandas Gandhi (1869 1948) was an Indian political leader. Instead of calling for social revolution he wanted to transform the morals of the population. He got the ball rolling for India's independence.

Gandhi before he was assassinated.

http://indiaexplored.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/mahatma-gandhi.jpg

1914 - present

Apartheid was lawful racial segregation in South Africa from 1948 1994 enforced by the National Party. All levels of society were organized into white, black, coloured, and asian and state services were segregated as well.

A sign showing the segregation.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa_under_apartheid

1914 - present

Ruholla Khomeini led the Iranian Revolution that brought Iran to how we know it as today. The government is completely integrated with Islam and enforces religious dogma throughout society.

Khomeini being welcome back by a crowd in Tehran. He is in the vehicle.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini

Chapter 24: Accelerating Global Interaction
since 1945

America as an empire. After the Cold War ended with the USSR dissolving in the early 1990s, the US could pursue any avenue because it became the sole military superpower as seen in the War on Terror in the 2000s.

A map showing current US military bases across the world.

http://www.japanfocus.org/data/US_military_bases_in_the_world_2007.PNG

since 1945

Globalization is the increasing unifications of the world's economies. One of the most obvious signs is large companies moving abroad. McDonald's can be found in many countries today just like Google or KFC.

A Japanese McDonald's.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalization

since 1945

Environmentalism has become a big political issue in today's world. There is evidence supporting and opposing global warming but deforestation and pollution have caused considerable damage to the world's ecosystem.

A nuclear power plant releasing steam into the atmosphere. Nuclear power is cleaner than coal but accidents are detrimental to everything.

http://www.ferdthenerd.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/pollution-global-warming-prevention-738373_1024_1005.jpg

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Ways of the World - Part 1