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PunctPunctuatiouatio
nnMarksMarks
Period
Comma
Semico
lon
Hyph
en
Dash
By HeribethMi uilena
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Perio
d
Period (US) / Full Stop (UK) / Dot
1.At the end of a sentence.
I knocked at the door. There was no reply.
I am writing to complain about the poor service provided by
your train company.
2. Sometimes in abbreviations.
a.m. / ect. / Washington, D.C. / Dr. / Mrs.
My name is Phil Simpson, Jr.
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3. After numbers and letters that indicatethe items in lists of
outlines.A. Name
B. Last Name
C. Address
4. After Initials in a persons name.
Heribeth A.
Freddy Prinze Jr.
5. IndirectQuestions.
The teacher asked why Maria had left out the easy
exercises.
My father used to wonder why Elbert's ears were so big.
Perio
d
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Com
ma1. To separate the elements in a list ofthree or more
items.
Tea, coffee, milk or hot chocolate.
His favourite puddings were ice apple pie, rhubarb crumble,and
jelly and ice cream.
2. Before certain conjunctions.
She was a fantastic cook, but would never be as good as
her mother in law.
He hated his neighbours, so he never invited them
round.
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3. To separate introductory elements in asentence. Given the
appalling weather conditions, Michael was lucky
to survive the storm.
As the night drew to a close, the clubbers wandered
home.
4. To separate parenthetical elements in asentence.
Sarah, the most intelligent pupil in the class, was
always late for school.
The pyramids, one of the wonders of the ancient world,
lie just outside Cairo.
Com
ma
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5. To separate direct speech or quotedelements from the rest of
the sentence.
"That house there," he whispered, "is where I grew up."
"Give me the money," he snarled, "unless you want to meet
your
maker."
6. Commas are used to separate elementsin a sentence that
express contrast.
He was first attracted by her money, not her stunning looks.
She is intelligent, not pretty.
He thought the building was enormous, but ugly.
Com
ma
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7. Commas are used for typographicalreasons to separate dates
and years,towns and countries etc.
His home was in Streatham, East London.
My father was born on March 13, 1949.
8. Commas are used to separate severaladjectives.
The old, ramshackle, dilapidated house had a charm of its
own.
That rather dull-looking, badly-dressed, clumsy man is
actually a university professor.
Com
ma
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Semic
olon1. In complicated lists. In the meeting today we have
Professor Wilson, University ofBarnsley, Dr Watson, University of
Barrow in Furness, Colonel
Custard, Metropolitan Police and Dr Mable Syrup, Genius
General, University of Otago, New Zealand.
2. Separating closely-relatedindependent clauses. Terry always
slept with the light on; he was afraid of the dark.
3. Use a semicolon between
independent clauses linked with atransitional phrase or
conjunctiveadverb.I like to eat cows; however, they don't like to
be eaten by
me.
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Hyp
hen. All words consisting ofself combined with a noun:
self-expression
self-confidence
self-consciousness
2. In adjectives that have been formed bycombining two
words:
nineteenth-century history
self-paced learning exercises
off-the-peg suits
old-furniture salesman
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Das
h1. The em-dash can be used in directspeech to signal a break in
thought or ashift in tone.
What on earth can I do--,' Alan jumped up and ran to the
door.
I've just asked you to--oh what was I telling you?'
2. The en-dash is used for indicating thespace between dates in
a chronologicalrange.
The Second World War (1939 -1945) was one of
mankind's darkest hours.
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Thankyou!
