Web Server Based Wireless Coal Mine Monitoring System

International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 7, July 2013)

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Web Server Based Wireless Coal Mine Monitoring System

D. Siva Jyothi1, Nitin Meena

2

1P.G. Student (Embedded Systems and VLSI Design), IES College of Technology, Bhopal, India.

2Assistant Professor, ECE Department, IES College of Technology, Bhopal, India.

Abstract – Coal Mine Safety Monitoring System can

achieve a variety of safety factors of production, and

underground environment (such as gas, temperature,

humidity) for monitoring mine production[2], safety

management to provide a good basis for decision making. The

number of person injuries and deaths caused by the gas

explosions[3] in coal mine are increasing year by year, so it is

very important to control the gas accidents for achieving the

safety in process of coal mine, and the development of the coal

mine industry. At present, the Coal Mine Gas Monitoring

System is generally composed of the monitoring sensor

parameters in underground substation[2], information

transmission system and surface base station centre. The

communication between the underground substations with the

surface centre consists of the Information Transmitting

System that directly effect on the transmission quality of

information and investment cost of the system using the

zigbee[4] technology. The monitoring in the surface base

station is done by updating it into a web server by using an

Ethernet[9] module. The GSM platform is a hugely successful

wireless technology and an unprecedented story of global

achievement and cooperation. GSM has become the world's

fastest growing communications technology of all time and the

leading global mobile standard. The purpose of our project is

to implement a safety system in coal mine based on wireless

sensor network.

Keywords – Wireless sensor network, ARM7-LPC2148,

GSM module, Ethernet module, zigbee, Sensors.

I. INTRODUCTION

Industrial safety is one of the main aspects of industry

specially mining industry. In the mining industry safety is a

very vital factor. To avoid any types of unwanted

phenomena all mining industry follows some basic

precaution and phenomena. Communication is the main

key factor for any industry today to monitor different

parameters and take necessary actions accordingly to avoid

any types of hazards[5]. To avoid loss of material and

damaging of human health, protection system as well as

faithful communication system is necessary inside the

underground mines[2]. To increase both safety and

productivity in mines, a reliable communication must be

established between workers, moving in the mine, and a

fixed base station.

Inside mines, the wired communication system is not so

effective. The reliability and long life of conventional

communications systems in harsh mining environments has

always been a problem. It is very difficult to reinstall the

wired communication system inside mines after a landslide

or damage due to any reason. To monitor other parameters

during this condition it is very much necessary to maintain

the communication system as usual. Accordingly,

development of mine[1] monitoring system to accurately

detect temperature, humidity and poisonous gas released

and to track underground miners to safety production and

rescue of coal mine disaster.

Coal mine safety[1] monitoring system based on

wireless sensor network can timely and accurately reflect

dynamic situation of staff in the underground regions to

ground computer system. A hybrid tunnel radio

propagation model consisting of the free space propagation

and the modified waveguide propagation[4] is proposed.

But, using this popular radio communication inside mines

has some disadvantages. When radio signals are

transmitted, diffraction, attenuation, multi-path and

scattering are often very serious. So, wireless

communication is the burning need today for the fast,

accurate, flexible safety and production process in

underground mines.

II. EXISTING SYSTEM

At present, the Coal Mine Gas Monitoring System is

generally composed of the monitoring sensor, underground

substation[2], information transmission system and surface

centre. The junction between the underground substations

with the surface centre compose of the Information

Transmission System directly effect on the transmission

quality of information and investment cost of the system.

The information transmission system can be divided into

three kinds according to their structure: radial, circular and

tree[4]. The tree system is widely used by most of the coal

mines at present, at the same time one substation is joined

with several monitoring signals, so as to reduce the system

branches and all the substations under the mine join the

system cable nearby which comes from the surface center

with the underground substations at the condition of equal

monitoring capacity.



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In the design of wireless communications, the existing

optical fiber communication system can be regarded as the

trunk of tree, and the respective substations under the mine

are replaced by host node[2] of Wireless Communication

System. Every host node is joined with several sub-nodes

and together with its sub node form group.

2.1 Disadvantages of Existing System:

Due to the wired system the arrangement of the system

become complexion. When any fire accidents occur we

have a chance of breakages in fibers. We don‟t have

continuity in getting the information in such cases. We will

not have direct contact to the base station. Inside mines[3]

due to uncomfortable situation the installation cost as well

as maintenance cost is high for wired communication

networks.

III. DESIGN OF PROPOSED HARDWARE SYSTEM

Figure.1. Block diagram of underground section

In this paper we are proposing an advanced wireless

system for coal mines to update the underground situation

in coalmines to the base station immediately and updating

it to the web server and sending alert messages to the

authorized person immediately. Block diagram of

underground section is shown in Figure1. Here we have

underground[2] section and the base station section. In the

underground section first step is to initialize the zigbee &

Lcd to transmit and to display the sensor values

respectively. Next is to initialize the temperature[6],

humidity and gas[3] sensors in order to sense the

corresponding sensor levels in the mining places. These

sensed analog values are converted in to digital values and

displayed in the Lcd at the mining places, and the same

digital values are sent through zigbee to the base station

directly. Continuously the sensors sense the sensor levels in

the underground mining place atmospheric levels and

displayed and will be sent to the base station for

monitoring[5] purpose. If the sensor values exceed the

threshold values then the alarm in the mines gets ON to

alert the miners who work in the underground mining

regarding the emergency.

Arm7TDMI: ARM stands for Advanced RISC Machines.

An ARM processor is basically any 16/32bit

microprocessor designed and licensed by ARM Ltd, a

microprocessor design company headquartered in England,

founded in 1990 by Herman Hauser. A characteristic

feature of ARM processors is their low electric power

consumption, which makes them particularly suitable for

use in portable devices. It is one of the most used

processors currently in the market.

Microcontroller: The microcontroller is the heart of the

embedded system. It constantly monitors the digitized

parameters of the various sensors and verifies them with

the predefined threshold values. It checks if any corrective

action is to be taken for the condition at that instant of time.

In case such a situation arises, it activates the actuators to

perform a controlled operation.

Temperature sensor: Temperature sensor is used to sense

the temperature of a medium. Temperature sensors having

temperature-dependent properties which can be measured

electrically include resistors, semiconductor devices such

as diodes, and thermocouples. A resistance thermometer

has a sensing resistor having an electrical resistance

varying with temperature.



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Humidity sensor: There are various devices used to

measure and regulate humidity. A device used to measure

humidity is called a psycho meter or hygrometer. Humidity

sensors have gained increasing applications in industrial

processing and environmental control. For manufacturing

highly sophisticated integrated circuits in semiconductor

industry, humidity or moisture levels are constantly

monitored in wafer processing. There are many domestic

applications, such as intelligent control system of the living

environment in buildings, cooking control for microwave

ovens, and intelligent control of laundry etc .

LCD Display Section: This section is basically meant to

show up the status of the project. This project makes use of

Liquid Crystal Display to display / prompt for necessary

information.

Zigbee transceiver: Transceiver is a device which acts as

both transmitter and receiver. This operates with 2.8-3.4V.

Range of the transceiver module is 30-70m in urban areas

and 1-1.5km in outdoor (LOS). The transceiver has an on-

chip wire antenna and it operates at a frequency of

2.4GHz.The data received from the microcontroller is

organized based on the ZIGBEE protocol standards and

then modulated. Along with the data, source address and

destination address are added and sent.

POWER SUPPLY: In this project we required operating

voltage for ARM controller board is 12V. Hence the 12V

D.C. power supply is needed for the ARM board . This

regulated 12V is generated by stepping down the voltage

from 230V to 18V now the step downed a.c voltage is

being rectified by the Bridge Rectifier using 1N4007

diodes. The rectified a.c voltage is now filtered using a „C‟

filter. Now the rectified, filtered D.C. voltage is fed to the

Voltage Regulator. This voltage regulator provides/allows

us to have a Regulated constant Voltage which is of +12V.

The rectified; filtered and regulated voltage is again filtered

for ripples using an electrolytic capacitor 100μF. Now the

output from this section is fed to microcontroller board to

supply operating voltage.

Gas Sensor: They are used in GAS leakage detecting

equipments in family and industry, are suitable for

detecting of LPG, i-butane, propane, methane, alcohol,

Hydrogen, smoke.

Figure.2. Block diagram of base station

In the base station section initially we need to initialize

the zigbee and Lcd to receive and to display the sensor

values which are received from the underground sections.

Block diagram of base station is shown in Figure2. All the

sensor values which are transmitted from the underground

section are received in this base station through zigbee and

updated on to a LAN[8] server through an Ethernet module

into an particular IP address with an PC which can be

monitored from anywhere on to that LAN connected PC‟s

or into the web also and same sensor values are

continuously displayed on to the Lcd. we can call this as

monitoring station of the coal mine in order to monitor each

and every change of the atmospheric[3] changes in the

underground mining station status. Here in the base station

if the sensor level crosses the threshold levels then the alert

messages will be sent to the authorized person‟s mobile of

the coal mine regarding the emergency situation in the

underground mining place.



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GSM module: GSM (Global system for Mobile

communication) is a digital mobile telephone system that is

widely used in many parts of the world. GSM uses a

variation of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and

this is the most widely used of the three digital wireless

telephone technologies (TDMA, GSM, and CDMA). GSM

digitizes and compresses data, then sends it down a channel

with two other streams of user data, each in its own time

slot. GSM operates in the 900MHz, 1800MHz, or 1900

MHz frequency bands.

3.1. Proposed System Structure And Prototype Design

A. Underground Section:

Step1: In this first we are initializing the zigbee and Lcd to

transmit and to display the sensor values.

Figure.3: Practical implementation of underground section

Step2: Initializing Temperature, Humidity, Gas sensors in

order to sense the respective parameter values in the

atmosphere of the underground mining places.

Step3: Converting all the sensor analog values to digital

values using an analog to digital converter in order to

display on Lcd and to transmit the data to base station using

zigbee as shown in figure3.

Step4: Transmitting the sensor parameter values

continuously i.e., Temperature, Humidity and Gas sensor

values to the base station through zigbee directly.

The flowchart of the underground section is shown in

figure 4.

Figure.4: System Operation flow of underground section

Step5: Comparing all the sensor values with the threshold

levels continuously (i.e., temp>40, hum>50, gas> 70) to

check the current situation of mining places are in safe

condition or in emergency. If the threshold values are

exceeded automatically an alarm gets on to alert the

emergency situation to the mine workers immediately. If

not repeat the process from the initial step.



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B. Base Station:

Figure.5: Practical implementation of basestation section

Step1: First we are initializing zigbee and Lcd to receive

the parameter values and to display it for monitoring

purpose.

Step2: Receiving the parameters such as Temperature,

Humidity, gas values continuously from the underground

section through zigbee as shown figure5.

Step3: Displaying the received parameters and updating it

on to a LAN Server with an IP address continuously for

monitoring purpose through web also with an Ethernet

module as shown figure6.

Figure.6. sensor parameter values updating in web server

Step4: comparing the received parameters with their

threshold values (i.e., temp>40, hum>50, gas> 70), if they

exceed their threshold values then an GSM Modem is

initialized to send the alert messages to the particular

authorized person‟s mobile of the coal mine. If it doesn‟t

exceed the process is repeated from the initial step.

The flow chart of base station section is shown in

figure 7.

Figure.7. System Operation flow of base station section

IV. FUNCTIONAL MODULES

4.1ZIGBEE Technology:

ZIGBEE is a new wireless technology guided by the

IEEE 802.15.4 Personal Area Networks standard. It is

primarily designed for the wide ranging automation

applications and to replace the existing non-standard

technologies. It currently operates in the 868MHz band at a

data rate of 20Kbps in Europe, 914MHz band at 40Kbps in

the USA, and the 2.4GHz ISM bands Worldwide at a

maximum data-rate of 250Kbps.



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The ZIGBEE specification is a combination of Home RF

and the 802.15.4 specification. The specification operates

in the 2.4GHz (ISM) radio band - the same band as 802.11b

standard, Bluetooth, microwaves and some other devices. It

is capable of connecting 255 devices per network. The

specification supports data transmission rates of up to 250

Kbps at a range of up to 30 meters. ZIGBEE's technology

is slower than 802.11b (11 Mbps) and Bluetooth (1

Mbps) but it consumes significantly less power. 802.15.4

(ZIGBEE) is a new standard uniquely designed for low rate

wireless personal area networks. It targets low data rate,

low power consumption and low cost wireless networking,

and its goal is to provide a physical-layer and MAC-layer

standard for such networks.

Probably the main feature of ZIGBEE is its limited

power requirement. ZIGBEE is better for devices where the

battery is rarely replaced, as it is designed to optimize slave

power requirements, and battery life can be up to 2 years

with normal batteries. Bluetooth is a cable replacement for

items like phones, laptop computers and headsets.

Bluetooth devices expect regular charging and use a power

model like a mobile phone.

Figure.8: Pin diagram of X-Bee Transceiver

Zigbee modules feature a UART interface, which allows

any microcontroller or microprocessor to immediately use

the services of the Zigbee protocol. All a Zigbee hardware

designer has to do in this ase is ensure that the host‟s serial

port logic levels are compatible with the XBee‟s 2.8- to

3.4-V logic levels.

Pin diagram of X-bee is shown in figure8. The logic

level conversion can be performed using either a standard

RS-232 IC or logic level translators such as the

74LVTH125 when the host is directly connected to the

XBee UART.

Design Notes:

Minimum connections: VCC, GND, DOUT & DIN

Minimum connections for updating firmware: VCC,

GND, DIN, DOUT, RTS and DTR

Signal Direction is specified with respect to the

module

Module includes a 50k pull-up resistor attached to

RESET

Several of the input pull-ups can be configured using

the PR command

Unused pins should be left disconnected

System Data Flow Diagram

Figure.9: Data Flow Diagram

The X-Bee RF[2] Modules interface to a host device

through a logic-level asynchronous Serialport. Through its

serial port, the module can communicate with any logic and

voltage Compatible UART; or through a level translator to

any serial device.

Data is presented to the X-Bee module through its DIN

pin, and it must be in the asynchronous serial format, which

consists of a start bit, 8 data bits, and a stop bit. Because the

input data goes directly into the input of a UART within the

X-Bee module, no bit inversions are necessary within the

asynchronous serial data stream. All of the required timing

and parity checking is automatically taken care of by the X-

Bee‟s UART.

Just in case you are producing data faster than the X-Bee

can process and transmit it, both X-Bee modules

incorporate a clear-to-send (CTS) function to throttle the

data being presented to the X-Bee module‟s DIN pin. You

can eliminate the need for the CTS signal by sending small

data packets at slower data rates.

If the microcontroller wants to send data to transceiver,

it will send RTS (Request to Send) signal. If the transceiver

is idle it sends CTS (Clear to Send) signal.

http://www.palowireless.com/i802_11/

http://www.palowireless.com/bluetooth/



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The RTS and CTS signals are active low. When

microcontroller receives CTS command it will send data to

the transceiver through DIN pin. The transceiver will send

the data to microcontroller through DOUT pin. The

communication between transceiver and the

microcontroller at the transmitter and receiver is similar.

The communication between transmitter and receiver is

through RF communication.

4.2 GSM TECHNOLOGY

GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) is a

digital mobile telephone system that is widely used in many

parts of the world. GSM uses a variation of Time Division

Multiple Access (TDMA) and is the most widely used of

the three digital wireless telephone technologies (TDMA,

GSM and CDMA). GSM digitizes and compresses data,

then sends it down a channel with two other streams of user

data, each in its own time slot. GSM operates in the

900MHz, 1800MHz, or 1900 MHz frequency bands.

GSM has been the backbone of the phenomenal success

in mobile telecoms over the last decade. Now, at the dawn

of the era of true broadband services, GSM continues to

evolve to meet new demands. One of GSM's great strengths

is its international roaming capability, giving consumers a

seamless service. This has been a vital driver in growth,

with around 300 million. In the Americas, today's 7 million

subscribers are set to grow rapidly, with market potential of

500 million in population, due to the introduction of GSM

800, which allows operators using the 800 MHz band to

have access to GSM technology too.

GSM Modems: A GSM modem can be an external

modem device, such as the wavecom FASTRACK Modem.

Insert a GSM SIM card into this modem, and connect the

modem to an available serial port on your computer. A

GSM modem can be a PC Card installed in a notebook

computer, such as the Nokia Card Phone. A GSM modem

could also be a standard GSM mobile phone with the

appropriate cable and software driver to connect to a serial

port on your computer. Phones such as the Nokia 7110 with

a DLR-3 cable, or various Ericsson phones, are often used

for this purpose.

A dedicated GSM modem (external or PC Card) is

usually preferable to a GSM mobile phone. This is because

of some compatibility issues that can exist with mobile

phones. For example, if you wish to be able to receive

inbound MMS messages with your gateway, and you are

using a mobile phone as your modem, you must utilize a

mobile phone that does not support WAP push or MMS.

This is because the mobile phone automatically

processes these messages, without forwarding them via the

modem interface. Similarly some mobile phones will not

allow you to correctly receive SMS text messages longer

than 160 bytes (known as “concatenated SMS” or “long

SMS”). This is because these long messages are actually

sent as separate SMS messages, and the phones will

attempts to reassemble the message before forwarding via

the modem interface. (We latter observed this problem

utilizing the Ericsson R380, while it does not appear to be a

problem with many other Ericsson models). When you

install your GSM modem, or connect your GSM mobile

phone to the computer, be sure to install the appropriate

windows modem driver from the device manufacturer. To

simplify configuration, the Now SMS/MMS Gateway will

communicate with the device via this driver. An additional

benefit of utilizing this driver is that you can use Windows

diagnostics to ensure that the modem is communicating

properly with the computer.

The Now SMS/MMS gateway can simultaneously

support multiple modems, provided that your computer

hardware has the available communications port resources.

Figure.10. GSM smart modem

4.3 TRANSDUCERS

A transducer is a device which measures a physical

quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by

an observer. It can also be read by an instrument. The

sensors used in this system are:

A. Gas Sensor

B. Temperature Sensor

C. Humidity Sensor



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A. Gas sensor:

They are used in GAS[3] leakage detecting equipments

in family and industry, are suitable for detecting of LPG, i-

butane, propane, methane, alcohol, Hydrogen, smoke.

Figure11. Gas sensor

Standard circuit:

Standard measuring circuit of MQ-4 sensitive

components consists of 2 parts. One is heating circuit

having time control function. The second is the signal

output circuit, it can accurately respond changes of surface

resistance of the sensor.

Figure.12. standard circuit

The surface resistance of the sensor Rs is obtained

through effected voltage signal output of the load resistance

RL which series-wound. The relationship between them is

described:

Rs\RL = (Vc-VRL) / VRL

Sensitive layer of MQ-7 CO sensitive components is

made of SnO2 with stability. So, it has excellent long term

stability. Its service life can reach 5 years under using

condition.

Specifications:

Semiconductor Type GAS SENSOR.

Target GAS/Typical detection ranges:

MQ-4: Methane, Natural GAS, 500 to 10000ppm.

Heater voltage: 5V DC/AC

Circuit voltage: 3~15V DC

Heater power consumption: 750 Mw

Temperature range:

-20deg. C to +40 deg. C

Size: Diameter19mm×High17mm or

Diameter17mm×High10mm

B. Temperature sensor:

The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit

temperature sensors, whose output voltage is linearly

proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature[6].

The LM35 thus has an advantage over linear temperature

sensors calibrated in ° Kelvin, as the user will not be

required to subtract a large constant amount of voltage

from its output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling.

The LM35 does not require any external calibration or

trimming to provide typical accuracies of ±1⁄4°C at room

temperature and ±3⁄4°C over a full −55 to +150°C

temperature range. Low cost is assured by trimming and

calibration at the wafer level.

The LM35‟s low output impedance, linear output, and

precise inherent calibration make interfacing to readout or

control circuitry especially easy. It can be used with single

power supplies, or with plus and minus supplies. As it

draws only 60 μA from its supply, it has very low self-

heating, less than 0.1°C in still air. The LM35 is rated to

operate over a −55° to +150°C temperature range, while the

LM35C is rated for a −40° to +110°C range (−10°with

improved accuracy).

The LM35 series is available packaged in hermetic TO-

46 transistor packages, while the LM35C, LM35CA, and

LM35D are also available in the plastic TO-92 transistor

package. The LM35D is also available in an 8-lead surface

mount small outline package and a plastic TO-220 package.

Figure.13. Temperature sensor

Features

Calibrated directly in ° Celsius (Centigrade)

Linear + 10.0 mV/°C scale factor

0.5°C accuracy guarantee able (at +25°C)

Rated for full −55° to +150°C range

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Suitable for remote applications

Low cost due to wafer-level trimming

Operates from 4 to 30 volts

Less than 60 μA current drain

Low self-heating, 0.08°C in still air

Nonlinearity only ±1⁄4°C typical

Low impedance output, 0.1 W for 1 mA load

C. Humidity sensor:

In scientific and industrial environments humidity[3]

sensors are highly appreciated devices as part of their

control or monitoring systems as they allow factory

operators and scientists make sure that they are operating

with chemical compounds or other kind of elements in an

environment that complies with the adequate levels of

humidity.

There are a wide number of applications where humidity

sensors become useful. Humidity can have a serious impact

on chemical and industrial processes, ruining hours and

hours on end of production and scientific efforts and this is

why these instruments are so valuable.

Humidity is the content of water vapor[3] in air and we

are quite used to learning about it every morning as we

listen to the weather forecast before going to work. Just as

an excess of humidity makes it difficult to keep our hair

straight and we suffer from frizz, in laboratories and

industrial environments such as pet and human food

industries, leather industries, coffee bean grinding

industries and beer manufacturing an excess of humidity

can be really serious. And just as we cannot tell exactly

how wet it is outside just by popping our heads out of the

window, factory operators and scientists need to rely on

humidity sensors or hygrometers to know if the place

where they are manufacturing medicines, beer, potato

chips, grind coffee, pet food, breakfast cereals and so on is

dry enough. Hygrometers are extremely sensitive devices

that can tell quite accurately if there is a need to do some

kind of adjustment to the humidity levels. Macromolecule

Humid resistance sensor (GY-HR10X), it‟s a new kind of

humid resistance sensor; it has a wide range of humidity,

fast respond, high sensitivity, reliable performance

consistency characteristics.

Figure.14. Humidity sensor

4.4 ETHERNET

Module Structure:

Photo of HS-ENG1000C

HS-ENG1000C is an integrated serial to Ethernet

module. It has power supply, RJ-45 and DB9/M etc. it is

easier to use.

Figure.15. Ethernet Module

Configuration

Set HS-ENG1000 in CONFIG mode

HS-ENG1000 can be configured through UART using a

set of AT commands. Block diagram of Ethernet module is

shown in Figure15.HS-ENG1000 must be set in CONFIG

mode before using AT commands. There are two methods

to set HS-ENG1000 into CONFIG mode.



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The first method: tying CONFIG pin to GND (Low

level), and then power on or reset, HS-ENG1000 will be set

in CONFIG mode automatically. When HS-ENG1000 goes

into CONFIG mode, it will send “SETUP MODE” through

UART.

By this method, HS-ENG1000 has a fixed UART Baud

Rate and Data format:

1. Baud Rate is 9600bps

2. 8-bit Data

3. 1-bit start bit and 1-bit stop bit

4. no parity bit

5. no stream control

After HS-ENG1000 goes into CONFIG mode, any

change in CONFIG pin doesn‟t alter the current state,

except restarting HS-ENG1000.

The second method: this method doesn‟t use CONFIG

pin. Followed by power on or restoring

RESET, HS-ENG1000 receives “#ENG10 SETUP#”

char from MCU through UART within 2 seconds; HS-

ENG1000 will be set in CONFIG mode. When HS-

ENG1000 is set in CONFIG mode successfully, it will send

“SETUP MODE” chars through UART.

Note: “#ENG10 SETUP#” char must be transferred

completely within 2 seconds. Otherwise,

HS-ENG1000 will ignore it.

UART Baud Rate and Data format are same as the first

method. There is another method which is used for network

configuration. No matter which method is chosen for

configuration, the new settings will be active after

restarting HS-ENG1000 with CONFIG pin HIGH or

suspended.

Key Features

1. Support TCP Server, TCP Client and UDP

2. 10BaseT/100BaseTX auto negotiation

3. Support auto MDI/MDIX

4. Support UDP multicasting

5. Support DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration

Protocol). Acquire dynamic IP and other Network

parameters from DHCP server

6. UART data format can be configured. UART Baud

rate is from 1200bps to 230400bps

7. UART interface supports 5V (or 3.3v) TTL (CMOS),

RS-232C and RS-485

8. RS-485 RE/DE control Output. Support RS-485

interface

9. Operation state Output. MCU may check the signal to

inspect module operation

10. Network parameters preserved in non-volatile

memory. No need configuration after power on every

time

11. Support configuration through UART and Network

12. DC 5.0v (3.3v) power supply. Power consumption

≤ 180mA

13. HS-ENG1000A has a RJ-45 JACK with an

embedded transformer inside. Plug and work

14. HS-ENG1000B has a transformer on board. Need

an external RJ-45 JACK. It is more convenient and

flexible for system structure layout

15. HS-ENG1000C has UART TTL� RS-232C (RS-

485) converter RS-232C (RS-485) via DB9 output.

Figure.16.HS-ENG1000/1000 Usage structure

1. System which communicates with HS-ENG1000

through UART is named as MCU Device.

2. We name “MCU+HS-ENG1000” as DEVICE.

3. System which communicates with HS-ENG1000

through Ethernet is named as HOST (or Remote

HOST). HOST may connect HS-ENG1000 directly

(through cross cable), or through Router (or Switch).

4. The destination of HOST Data is not HS-ENG1000,

but MCU Device. HS-EN1000 only acts as a bridge

between MCU Device and HOST.

5. Because the UART speed between MCU Device and

HS-ENG1000 is much lower than

Ethernet speed between HS-ENG1000 and HOST,

HOST must keep reasonable speed when it sends data to

HE-ENG1000. Otherwise the data may be lost, or get

unexpected result.



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Figure.17. HS-ENG 1000 usage illustration

V. CONCLUSION

Web server based wireless coal mine monitoring system

proves to be very effective in monitoring the atmospheric

conditions of underground places in coal mines. A step by

step approach in designing the coal mine safety system for

preventing hazardous gas or fire accidents will be identified

through this system using sensors and will be updated in

the base station through wireless technology i.e., zigbee. In

the base station we are updating the information of mining

place through Ethernet module to web server. In any

emergency cases in the underground section we have

alarms to indicate the emergency and from the base station

through an GSM modem we send alert messages to the

respective authorities. The system has successfully

overcome some of the aspects existing with the present

technologies, by the use of wireless technology for

communication between underground section and base

station regarding the emergency situations in coal mines.

Acknowledgments

I would like to thank Mr. Nitin Meena, who had been

guiding through out to complete the work successfully, and

would also like to thank the HOD Mrs. Shwetha Singh,

ECE Department and other Professors for extending their

help & support in giving technical ideas about the paper

and motivating to complete the work effectively &

successfully.

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AUTHORS

Ms. D. Siva Jyothi pursuing her M. Tech in Embedded

Systems and VLSI Design from IES College of

Technology, Bhopal, Completed her B. Tech (ECE) from

BIT Institute of Technology, Hindupur. Her interested

areas of Research include Embedded Systems and VLSI.

Mr. Nitin Meena working as Assistant Professor in

Department of ECE, IES College of Technology, Bhopal,

Completed his M. Tech from Maulana Azad National

Institute of Technology, Bhopal. Areas of research interest

include VlSI and Embedded Systems.

Documents

Web Server Based Wireless Coal Mine Monitoring System