1 The scope of ecology. Pages 3-12.

H. G. Andrewartha and L. C. Birch. 1954. The Distribution and Abundance of Animals. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 782 pages.

Keywords: Ecology describes what animals are doing not just what they look like, ecology involves an organisms relations to food and enemies, community ecology, ecological relationship, habitat, niche, distribution and abundance are regarded as different aspects of the same problem, what defines distribution, chief causes of death rate, weather and abiotic effects, competition, the way we study ecology, physiography, climate, soil, vegetation