· Web viewBaroreceptors in the aorta and internal carotid arteries are stimulated.b. Increased action potential frequency to the cardioregulatory center of the brain occurs.c. Increased

CH 12 Cardiovascular Test Review

Part I Multiple Choice

1. The right side of the heart forces blood to flow a. to the body.b. to the lungs.c. through the systemic circulation.d. both to the body and through the systemic circulation.e. both to the lungs and through the systemic circulation.

Difficulty: EasySeeley - 012 Heart... #1Type: Knowledge

2. The pericardium, or pericardial sac a. is a double-layered, closed structure.b. anchors the heart in the mediastinum.c. has a tough fibrous connective tissue outer layer.d. has an inner layer of squamous epithelial cells.e. has all of these characteristics.

Difficulty: ModerateSeeley - 012 Heart... #4Type: Knowledge

3. Which of these is NOT one of the large veins carrying blood to the heart? a. superior vena cavab. inferior vena cavac. pulmonary trunkd. pulmonary veine. coronary sinus

Difficulty: ModerateSeeley - 012 Heart... #6Type: Comprehension

4. The blood vessels that supply blood to the heart tissue are the a. pulmonary veins.b. coronary arteries.c. coronary sinuses.d. pulmonary trunks.e. venae cavae.


5. Which of these valves is found between the right atrium and the right ventricle? a. tricuspid valveb. bicuspid (mitral) valvec. aortic semilunar valved. pulmonary semilunar valvee. interventricular septum


6. Papillary muscles are attached to the cusps of valves by thin, strong connective tissue strings called a. the chordae tendineae.b. the interventricular septa.c. the auricles.d. the interventricular sulcus.e. the coronary sinus.


7. In a normal heart, when the right ventricle contracts, it forces blood through the a. tricuspid valve.b. bicuspid valve.c. aortic semilunar valve.d. pulmonary semilunar valve.


8. Which of these statements concerning the normal pathway of blood flow is NOT correct? a. from the pulmonary arteries to the lungsb. from the pulmonary veins to the right atriumc. from the aorta to all parts of body except lungsd. from the coronary sinus to the right atriume. Neither from the pulmonary veins to the right atrium nor from the coronary sinus to the right atrium are correct.


9. The layer of the heart wall that is the visceral pericardium is also called the a. endocardium.b. myocardium.c. epicardium.d. chordae tendineae.e. mediastinum.


10. The thick middle layer of the heart, composed of cardiac muscle, is the a. endocardium.b. myocardium.c. epicardium.d. chordae tendineae.


11. Which of these statements concerning the conduction system of the heart are true? a. The sinoatrial (SA) node of the heart acts as the pacemaker.b. The SA node is located on the upper wall of the left atrium.c. The AV node conducts action potentials rapidly through it.d. Action potentials are carried slowly through the atrioventricular bundle.e. Both the sinoatrial (SA) node of the heart acts as the pacemaker and the SA node is located on the upper wall of the left atrium are true.


12. Given these structures: 1) AV node2) atrioventricular bundle3) bundle branches4) Purkinje fibersArrange these parts of the conduction system of the heart in the correct order, as an action potential would pass through them. a. 1, 2, 3, 4b. 1, 3, 2, 4c. 1, 4, 2, 3d. 2, 1, 3, 4e. 3, 1, 2, 4


13. In a normal electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), a. the P wave results from repolarization of the atria.b. the QRS complex results from depolarization of the ventricles.c. the T wave represents repolarization of the ventricles.d. during the P-R interval, the ventricles contract.e. Both the QRS complex results from depolarization of the ventricles and the T wave represents repolarization of the ventricles are correct relationships.


14. Concerning heart sounds, a. the first heart sound occurs at the beginning of atrial systole.b. a heart murmur is caused by abnormal sounds associated with leaky or incompetent valves.c. the first heart sound is the sound of the semilunar valves closing.d. the second heart sound is the sound of the blood flowing back into the heart.e. the first heart sound is the sound of the atrioventricular valves opening.


15. Cardiac output is equal to a. the volume of blood pumped by either ventricle during one second.b. the stroke volume times the number of beats per hour.c. the volume of blood in the body times the number of beats per minute.d. the stroke volume times the beats per minute.e. the volume of blood in the body divided by the stroke volume.


16. Which of these factors would cause a decrease in cardiac output? a. increased body temperatureb. increased venous returnc. clinical depressiond. increased epinephrine secretione. decreased blood pH


17. The cardioregulatory center of the brain is located in the a. hypothalamus.b. medulla oblongata.c. cerebrum.d. cerebellum.e. thalamus.


18. When blood pressure increases, a number of events occur that return blood pressure to normal. Which of the following is NOT one of the events that occurs after an increase in blood pressure? a. Baroreceptors in the aorta and internal carotid arteries are stimulated.b. Increased action potential frequency to the cardioregulatory center of the brain occurs.c. Increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart occurs.d. Heart rate and stroke volume decrease.e. Blood pressure decreases.

Difficulty: HardSeeley - 012 Heart... #36Type: Application

19. The bicuspid (mitral) valve a. is the location of the pacemaker cells of a normal heart.b. prevents blood flow from the right ventricle to the right atrium.c. prevents blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium.d. prevents blood flow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle.e. prevents blood flow from the aorta to the left ventricle.


20. The aortic semilunar valve a. is the location of the pacemaker cells of a normal heart.b. prevents blood flow from the right ventricle to the right atrium.c. prevents blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium.d. prevents blood flow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle.e. prevents blood flow from the aorta to the left ventricle.


21. The pulmonary semilunar valve a. is the location of the pacemaker cells of a normal heart.b. prevents blood flow from the right ventricle to the right atrium.c. prevents blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium.d. prevents blood flow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle.e. prevents blood flow from the aorta to the left ventricle.


22. The right atrium a. is the location of the pacemaker cells of a normal heart.b. prevents blood flow from the right ventricle to the right atrium.c. prevents blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium.d. prevents blood flow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle.e. prevents blood flow from the aorta to the left ventricle.


23. The tricuspid valve a. is the location of the pacemaker cells of a normal heart.b. prevents blood flow from the right ventricle to the right atrium.c. prevents blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium.d. prevents blood flow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle.e. prevents blood flow from the aorta to the left ventricle.


24. Repolarization of the ventricles is shown as the ___________ on an EKG. a. P waveb. P-Q (or P-R) intervalc. QRS complexd. Q-T intervale. T wave


25. Depolarization of the atria is shown as the ______________ on an EKG. a. P waveb. P-Q (or P-R) intervalc. QRS complexd. Q-T intervale. T wave


26. Depolarization of the ventricles is shown as the _________________ on an EKG. a. P waveb. P-Q (or P-R) intervalc. QRS complexd. Q-T intervale. T wave


27. Repolarization of the atria occurs during the __________ on an EKG. a. P waveb. P-Q (or P-R) intervalc. QRS complexd. Q-T intervale. T wave


28. All of the following are functions of the heart EXCEPT: a. generation of blood pressureb. ensures one way flow of bloodc. generation of the formed elements of the bloodd. regulates rate and force of blood deliverye. distributes oxygenated blood to tissues


29. Inflammation of the serous pericardium is a. angioplasty.b. angina pectoris.c. an infarct.d. pericarditis.e. cardiac tamponade.


30. Melinda suffers from stenosis of the aortic semilunar valve. This will increase the rigidity of the valve making it hard to open. This increases the ________________ therefore ________________ the cardiac output. a. afterload; decreasingb. afterload; increasingc. preload, decreasingd. preload, increasinge. venous return, decreasing


31. Which of the following will increase as the strength of cardiac muscle contraction increases? a. preloadb. stroke volumec. cardiac outputd. afterloade. Both stroke volume and cardiac output will increase.

Difficulty: MediumSeeley - 012 Heart... #66Type: Knowledge

32. Venous return a. is the amount of blood that returns to the heart from systemic circulation.b. refers to the amount of blood in the ventricles before systole.c. is the pressure against which the ventricles must pump blood.d. is the volume of blood that leaves the heart in one minute.e. is the volume of blood that leaves the heart in one beat.


33. If the SA node is unable to function a. an ectopic beat may be initiated by another part of the heart.b. the heart rate will be slower.c. the AV node will become the pacemaker for the heart.d. All of these are possible.e. None of these would occur.


34. All of the following occur as the cardiovascular system ages EXCEPT: a. decrease in cardiac outputb. hypertrophy of the left ventriclec. increased afterloadd. decreased elasticity of heart and aortae. increase in the overall resting heart rate


35. Epinephrine decreases cardiac output by decreasing heart rate. FALSE OR TRUE

36. Some veins carry oxygenated blood. FALSE OR TRUE

37. The cardiac cycle is controlled by the pituitary. FALSE or TRUE

38. The left ventricle has a thicker wall than the right ventricle. FALSE or TRUE

39. The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs & pumps it to the entire body. FALSE or TRUE

40. The apex of the heart is located at the superior end. FALSE or TRUE

Part III Review

41. Endocrine glands a. include the salivary glands.b. secrete chemical signals called hormones.c. secrete their chemical signals into the blood.d. secrete their products into ducts.e. both secrete chemical signals called hormones and secrete their chemical signals into the blood.

Difficulty: EasySeeley - 010 Endocrine... #4Type: Knowledge

42. Hormones a. are produced in large quantities by most cells.b. usually only affect cells close to those that produce the hormone.c. bind only to cells that have receptors for that specific hormone.d. are either lipid or polysaccharide molecules.e. have all of these characteristics.


43. The pituitary gland a. is a small gland that rests in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone.b. is also called the hypothalamus.c. has a superior lobe above the hypothalamus, and an inferior lobe below the hypothalamus.d. is connected to the optic chiasma by the infundibulum.e. has all of these characteristics.


44. Prolactin a. helps development of, and production of milk in the breast.b. causes "milk letdown" from the breasts of lactating women.c. causes contraction of the muscle of the uterus.d. stimulates development of sperm cells in males.e. both causes "milk letdown" from the breasts of lactating women and causes contraction of the muscle of the uterus.


45. Insulin is secreted in response to a. increased blood glucose levels.b. decreased parasympathetic stimulation.c. decreased blood levels of amino acids.d. All of these stimulate insulin secretion.

Difficulty: ModerateSeeley - 010 Endocrine... #31Type: Comprehension

46. Blood a. is a type of epithelial tissue.b. consists of formed elements and cells.c. transports waste products to cells.d. makes up over 50% of the body's weight.e. has a total volume of approximately 5 liters.

Difficulty: EasySeeley - 011 Blood... #1Type: Knowledge

47. The major component of plasma is a. ions.b. proteins.c. water.d. gases.e. nutrients.


48. The most common formed elements in the blood are a. leukocytes (white blood cells).b. erythrocytes (red blood cells).c. thrombocytes (platelets).d. albumins.e. globulins.


49. Erythropoietin a. requires vitamin B12 as a cofactor.b. is produced in the intestines.c. stimulates red bone marrow to produce more red blood cells.d. is produced when high blood oxygen levels occur.e. has all of these properties.


50. Given these compounds: 1) fibrin2) fibrinogen3) prothrombin4) thrombinWhich of these sequences represents the most correct order of normal clotting factor activation? a. 1, 2, 3, 4b. 1, 3, 4, 2c. 2, 1, 4, 3d. 2, 1, 3, 4e. 3, 4, 2, 1

Aorta Interventricular septum Pulmonary artery Right atrium

Aortic semilunar valve Left atrium Pulmonary semilunar valve

Right ventricle

Bicuspid (mitral) valve Left ventricle Pulmonary trunk

Superior vena cava

Chordae tendineae Papillary muscles Pulmonary veins

Tricuspid valve

Route of Blood Flow Through the HeartUsing the terms provided, complete these statements:

Aortic semilunar valve Pulmonary arteries Pulmonary veins Tricuspid valve

Bicuspid (mitral) valve Pulmonary semilunar valve Right atrium

Systemic circulation

Left atrium Pulmonary trunk Right ventricle

Blood flows into the right atrium from the (1) , which returns 1.

blood from all the tissues of the body. Blood then flows into 2.

the (2) , which completes filling as the right atrium contracts. 3.

contraction of the right ventricle pushes blood against the 4.

(3) , which closes, and the (4) , which opens, allowing blood 5.

to enter the (5) . The (6) carry blood to the lungs, where 6.

carbon dioxide is released, and oxygen is picked up. Blood 7.

returning from the lungs enters the (7) through the four (8) . 8.

Blood passing from the left atrium to the left ventricle opens 9.

the (9) , and contraction of the left atrium completes filling of 10

the left ventricle. Contraction of the left ventricle opens the

(10) allowing blood to enter the aorta.

Match these terms with the correct parts labeled

in figure

P-Q (P-R) interval QRS complex T wave

P wave Q-T interval

1. ______________________

2. ______________________

3. ______________________

4. ______________________

5. ______________________

Documents

· Web viewBaroreceptors in the aorta and internal carotid arteries are stimulated.b. Increased action potential frequency to the cardioregulatory center of the brain occurs.c. Increased