Сокращения в авиационной литературе Abbreviations

α (alpha) Angle of attackγ (gamma) Climb or descent angle (в СССР - υ)δ (delta) Pressure ratio = P/P0

Δ (DELTA) Parameters’ variation (example: ΔISA, ΔP)φ (phi) Bank angle (в СССР - γ)μ (mu) Runway friction coefficientθ (theta) Aircraft attitudeρ (rho) Air densityρ0 (rho zero) Air density at Mean Sea Levelσ (sigma) Air density ratio = ρ/ρ0

- Light intensity (precipitation) / And+ In Addition/Also; Heavy intensity (precipitation)$ Maintenance required (ASOS)= End of reportΘ2 = (TAT+273.15)/288.1514 CFR Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations - There are 68 regulations organized into three volumes under Title 14, Aeronautics and Space. A fourth volume deals with the Department of Transportation, and thefifth volume is focused on NASA.+FC Tornado or waterspoutA (A0-A5) Amplitude modulation (AM)A ABBREVIATED VASIA Alert; Amber; Approach lighting; Class ‘A’ airspace; Anticyclone; At; Above; AutotuningA Gear Arrestor GearA&E Airframe & EngineA&ME Aeronautical and Mechanical EngineeringA&P Airframe & PowerplantA/A Air-to-airA/B AfterburnerA/C Aircraft; Approach Control; Air ConditioningA/D Aerodrome; Analog to DigitalA/F Air-to-Fuel ratioA/FD Airport/Facility DirectoryA/G Air/Ground Communication stationA/H Altitude or HeightA/P Airport; AutopilotA/S AirspeedA/T AutothrottleA/THR Autothrottle; AutothrustA/W AirwayAAA (or AAB, AAC . . . etc., in sequence) Amended meteorological message (message type designator)AAAE American Association of Airport ExecutivesAAC Army Air CorpsAAD Assigned Altitude DeviationAADC Approach and Departure ControlAAF Army Air Force; Army Air FieldAAI Angle of Approach IndicatorAAI Arrival Aircraft IntervalAAIB Air Accident Investigation BranchAAIC Aircraft Accident Investigation Commission = KPPKPU Komisi Penelitian Penyebab Kecelakaan Pesawat Udara (Индонезия)AAIM Aircraft Autonomous Integrity MonitoringAAIS Aircraft Accident Investigation Sector of the United Arab EmiratesAAIU Air Accident Investigation UnitAAL Above Aerodrome LevelAAM Autopilot Actuator MonitorAAR Airport Arrival Rate

AARA Air to air refueling areaAAS Advanced Automation System; Airport Advisory Service; American Astronautical SocietyAATD Army Aviation Applied Technology DirectorateAAWU Alaskan Aviation Weather UnitAB Air BaseABAS Aircraft-based Augmentation SystemABATE AbatementABBR AbbreviationABC After Bottom Center; Aircraft Braking CoefficientABDC After Bottom Dead CenterABI Advance Boundary InformationABM AbeamABN Aerodrome BeaconABNML AbnormalABP Able Bodied PassengerABS AbsoluteABT AboutABV AboveAC Altocumulus (a globular cloud at an intermediate height of about 8000 to 20 000 feet) высоко-кучевыеAC acre(s); Advisory Circular; Aerodynamic Center; Air Carrier; Air Conditioning; Alternate CurrentAC form Airman Certification FormACA Arctic Control Area; Approach Control Area; Airspace Control AuthorityACARS (to be pronounced “AY-CARS”) Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting SystemACAS Airborne Collision Avoidance SystemACC Active Clearance Control; Air Coordinating Committee; Accessory; Area control centre or area controlACCC Area Control Computer ComplexACCEL Accelerat(e),(ion); AccelerometerACCESS AccessoryACCID Notification of an aircraft accidentACCUM Accumulate (tion)A-CDM Airport Collaborative Decision Making - project integrates processes and systems aiming at improving the overall efficiency of operations at European airportsACDO Air Carrier District OfficeACE Aviation Career EducationACF AircraftACFT AircraftACG Aeronautical Communications GroupACI Airport Council InternationalACID Aircraft IdentificationACIPS Airfoil and Cowl Ice Protection SystemACJ Advisory Circulars JointACK AcknowledgeACL Altimeter Check Location; Aircraft ListACLS Automatic Carrier Landing SystemACLT Actual Calculated Landing TimeACM Airspace Control Measure; Airport Certification ManualACMI Aircraft, Crew, Maintenance and InsuranceACMS Aircraft Condition Monitoring SystemACN Aircraft Classification NumberACO Aircraft Certification Office ACP Airlift Command Post; Altimeter Check Point; Aniline Cloud Point; Audio Control Panel ACP Acceptance (message type designator)ACPT Accept or acceptedACQ AcquireACR Aerodrome control radar, Air Carrier; Air Corps ReverseACS Air Conditioning SystemACSS Automation & Control System Solutions (Incorporation); Aviation Communication & Surveillance System (a joint venture company of L-3 Communication & Thales produces safety avionics systems)ACT Actual; Active; Activated; ActivityACTV Active

ACTVT ActivateAD Aerodrome; Airworthiness directiveADA Advisory AreaADAHRS Air Data Attitude Heading Reference SystemADC Air Data Computer; Aerodrome chartADCUS Advise CustomsADDN Addition or additionalADDS Aviation Digital Data Service - provides the aviation community with text, digital and graphical forecasts, analyses, and observations of aviation related weather variablesADEP Aerodrome of DepartureADEPT Aircraft Data Engine Performance TrendingADES Aerodrome of DEStinationADF Automatic Direction-Finding equipment ADI Attitude Director IndicatorADIRS Air Data Inertial Reference SystemADIRU Air Data Inertial Reference Unit ADIZ Air Defense Identification Zone (to be pronounced “AY-DIZ”)The area of airspace, over land or water, extending upward from the surface, within which the ready identification, the location, and the control of aircraft are required in the interest of national security ADJ Adjacent; Adjustable; AdjustADLY Arrival DelayADM Air Data ModuleADNL AdditionalADO Aerodrome Office (specify service)ADP Automatic Direction FinderADR Advisory Route; Airport Departure Rate; Air Data Reference; Air Data RecorderADREP Accident/Incident Reporting SystemADS The address (when this abbreviation is used to request a repetition, the question mark (IMI) precedes the abbreviation, e.g. IMI ADS) (to be used in AFS as a procedure signal)ADS Automatic Dependent SurveillanceA function for use by air traffic services in which the ADS equipment in the aircraft automatically transmits data derived from on-board navigation systems via a datalink. As a minimum, the data include aircraft identification and three-dimensional position. ADS is sometimes referred to as ADS-A or ADS-Contract (e.g., a communications contract between the aircraft communications/surveillance system and an air traffic facility or service provider only).ADS-B Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast Is a function on an aircraft or surface vehicle operating within the surface movement area that periodically broadcasts via datalink its state vector (horizontal and vertical position, horizontal and vertical velocity) and other information. ADS-B is Automatic in that it requires no external stimulus to elicit a transmission. ADS-B is Dependent because it relies on on-board navigation sources. ADS-B Surveillance information is provided, via data link, to any users (either aircraft or ground-based) within range of the Broadcast signal.ADS-B In aircraft receive “ADS-B Out” from another aircraftsADS-B Out aircraft transmit position, altitude, velocity, flight numberADS-C Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Contract. A data link position reporting system, controlled by a ground station, that establishes contracts with an aircraft’s avionics that occur automatically whenever specific events occur, or specific time intervals are reached.ADS-R Automatic Dependent Surveillance Rebroadcast A datalink translation function of the ADS−B ground system required to accommodate the two separate operating frequencies (978 MHz and 1090 MHz). The ADS−B system receives the ADS−B messages transmitted on one frequency and ADS−R translates and reformats the information for rebroadcast and use on the other frequency. This allows ADS−B In equipped aircraft to see nearby ADS−B Out traffic regardless of the operating link of the other aircraft. Aircraft operating on the same ADS−B frequency exchange information directly and do not require the ADS−R translation function.ADSU Automatic Dependent Surveillance UnitADT Approved Departure TimeADV Advisory AreaADVS Advisory ServiceADZ AdviseADZD AdvisedAE Aerodrome report (METAR); AllisonAEA Association of European Airlines

AED Automatic External DefibrillatorAEG Aircraft Evaluation Group AEIS Aeronautical Enroute Information ServiceAEO All Engine OperativeAEP Airport Emergency PlanAER Approach End of Runway (That end of the runway nearest to the direction from which the final approach is made.) входной торец ВППAERADIO Air RadioAERO AerodromeAES Aerodrome Emergency Services; Aircraft Earth StationAESA Active Electronically Scanned ArrayAEW Airborne Early WarningAEW&C Airborne Early Warning and ControlAF Air Force; Arc to FixAF Aux Air Force Auxiliary FieldAFB Air Force BaseAFC Automatic Flight ControlAFCS Automatic Flight Control SystemAFD Airport/Facility DirectoryAFDC Autopilot Flight Director ComputerAFDS Autopilot Flight Director SystemAFF Air Force AcademyAFGS Auto Flight Guidance SystemAircraft systems, such as an autopilot, autothrottles, displays, and controls, that are interconnected in such a manner so as to allow the crew to automatically control the aircraft’s lateral and vertical flightpath and speed. A flight management system is sometimes associated with an AFGS.AFI African-Indian Ocean region (ICAO); Authorized Flight Instructor; Assistant Flying InstructorAFIL Flight plan filed in the airAFIS Aerodrome Flight Information ServiceAFL Above Field LevelAFM Aircraft Flight Manual; Approved Flight ManualAFM Yes or affirm or affirmative or that is correctAFM-DPI Aircraft Flight Manual – Digital Performance InformationAFMS Airplane Flight Manual SupplementAFN American Forces NetworkAFOVRN Air Force OverrunAFR Actual Fuel RemainingAFRC Armed Forces Reserve CenterAFRN Alaskan Forces Radio NetworkAFRS Armed Forces Radio StationsAFS Air Force Station; Aeronautical Fixed Service; Automatic Flight SystemAFSS Automated Flight Service Station provide pilot weather briefings, en route weather, receive and process IFR and VFR flight plans, relay ATC clearances, and issue NOTAMs.AFT AircraftAFT . . . After . . . (time or place)AFTI Advanced Fighter Technology IntegrationAFTN Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network AGA Aerodromes, Air routes & ground aidsAGB Accessory GearboxAGL Above Ground LevelAGN AgainAGNIS Azimuth Guidance for Nose-in-StandAGS Alliance Ground SurveillanceAGU Azimuth Guidance UnitAH Alert HeightAHM IATA Airport Handling ManualAHP Army HeliportAHRS Attitude Heading Reference SystemAI Anti-Ice; Attitude IndicatorAIAA American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Area of Intense Air Activity

AIBD Accident Investigation Board DenmarkAIBN Accident Investigation Board Norway (Norwegian Statens Havarikommisjon for Transport)AIC Aeronautical Information CircularAICMA Association Internationale des Constructeurs de Matérial Aéronautique (European Association of Aircraft Manufacturers)AIDC Air traffic services interfacility data communications AIDS Aircraft Integrated Data SystemAIDU Aeronautical Information Documents UnitAIL AileronAIM Aeronautical Information ManualAIMS Airplane Information Management SystemAIP Aeronautical Information Publication; Airport Improvement ProgramAIPA Australian and International Pilots AssociationAIR Aerospace Information Report (SAE)AIRAC Aeronautical Information Regulation and ControlAIREP Air-reportAIREP SPECIAL Air report of special meteorological observationAIRMET Airmen’s Meteorological InformationInformation concerning en-route weather phenomena which may affect the safety of low-level aircraft operationsAIRPL AirplaneAIRPROX Aircraft ProximityAIS Aircraft Integrating System; Aeronautical Information ServicesAIT Auto Ignition Temperature, Automated Information TransferAIWG Airspace Infringements (нарушение) Working GroupALA Authorized Landing Area; Alighting AreaALAR Approach-and-landing Accident ReductionALC AlcoholALD Actual Landing DistanceALD Available Landing DistanceIs that portion of a runway available for landing and roll-out for aircraft cleared for land and hold short operations (LAHSO). This distance is measured from the landing threshold to the hold-short point.ALE Airborne Law EnforcementALERFA Alert PhaseALF Auxiliary Landing FieldALITALIA Aerolinee Italiane InternationaliALNOT Alert NoticeALPA US Airline Pilots AssociationALPHA Angle of Attack (Airflow)ALQDS All quadrantsALR Alerting (message type designator)ALRS Automatic Low Speed Recovery System; Alerting serviceALS Automatic Leveling System (passenger jetway / stairs)ALS Approach Lighting System. Color of lights, if known to be other than white, is included.ALSF-I Approach Lighting System with sequenced Flashing lights in ILS Cat1 configurationALSF-II Approach Lighting System with sequenced Flashing lights and Red Side Row Lights the last 1000'. May be operated as SSALR during favorable weather conditions.ALSTG Altimeter SettingALT Altitude; alternate; altimeterALTM AltimeterAltMOC Alternative Means of Compliance (with the rule). In this case regulated persons lose the presumption of compliance provided by the EASA AMC, and need to demonstrate to competent authorities that they do comply with the lawALTN Alternate or alternating (light alternates in colour); Alternate (aerodrome)ALTNLY AlternatelyAM Amber; Amplitude ModulationAMA Area Minimum AltitudeAMC Aeromedical CentreAMC Acceptable Means of Compliance are non-binding standards adopted by EASA to illustrate means to establish compliance with the Basic Regulation and its Implementing RulesAMCSG Armament Mission Computer and Symbol Generator

AMD Amended forecast; Amendment; Amend; Amended (used to indicate amended meteorological message; message type designator)AMDAR Aircraft Meteorological Data RelayAMDT Amendment (AIP Amendment)AME Authorized Medical Examiner; Aircraft Maintenance EngineerAMI Airline Modifiable InformationAMIS Aircraft maintenance information systemAMK Emergency Medical Communication CenterAMLCD Active Matrix Liquid Crystal DisplayAMM Aircraft maintenance manualAMOC Alternative Means of Compliance AMS Aeronautical Mobile Service; ACARS Message Security; Aeromedical SectionAMSL Above Mean Sea LevelAMSS Aeronautical Mobile Satellite ServiceAMU Audio Management UnitANC... Aeronautical chart 1:500 000 (followed by name/title)ANCS. . . Aeronautical navigation chart — small scale (followed by name/title and scale)ANG Air National GuardANGB Air National Guard BaseANN AnnunciatorANNEX 1 Personnel LicensingANNEX 10 Aeronautical TelecommunicationsANNEX 11 Air Traffic Services (ATS)ANNEX 12 Search and Rescue (SAR)ANNEX 13 Aircraft Accident and Incident InvestigationANNEX 14 AerodromesANNEX 15 Aeronautical Information Service (AIS)ANNEX 16 Environmental ProtectionANNEX 17 SecurityANNEX 18 The Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by AirANNEX 2 Rules of the AirANNEX 3 Meteorological Service for International Air NavigationANNEX 4 Aeronautical ChartANNEX 5 Units of Measurement to be Used in Air and Ground OperationsANNEX 6 Operation of AircraftANNEX 7 Aircraft Nationality and Registration MarksANNEX 8 Airworthiness of AircraftANNEX 9 Facilitation (e.g. Documents for Crew and PAX)ANO Air Navigation OrderANP Actual Navigation Performance = Estimated Position Error (EPE) = Estimate of Position Uncertainty (EPU)ANP Air Navigation PlanANR Airplane nose rightANS AnswerANSV Agenzia Nazionaleperla Sicurezzadel Volo Итальянское национальное агентство по авиационной безопасностиANT AntennaAO Aircraft Operator - авиакомпанияAO1 Automated observation without precipitation discriminatorAO2 Automated observation with precipitation discriminatorAOA Angle of Attack; ACARS Over AVLCAOC Aerodrome Obstacle Chart (followed by type and name/title); Air Operator Certificate; Approach on CourseAOCC Airline Operations Control CenterAOE Airport/Aerodrome of EntryAOG Aircraft on GroundAOM Aerodrome Operating Minima; Airplane Operating ManualAOPA Airplane Pilots and Owners AssociationAOR Area of Responsibility; Aviation Occurrence ReportAP Autopilot System; Airport

AP/DF Approach and direction finding facilityAP/TR Approach and tower facilityAPA Accident Prevention AdvisorAPAPI (to be pronounced “AY-PAPI”) Abbreviated Precision Approach Path Indicator (L or R indicates left or right side of runway only).APATC-1 Allied Procedures ATCAPB Aviation Partners BoeingAPC Area Positive ControlAPCH ApproachAPD Automated Problem DetectionAPDC . . . Aircraft parking/docking chart (followed by name/title)APL Airport LightsAPM Aircraft Performance MonitoringAPN ApronAPO Accident Prevention OfficerAPP Approach; Approach Control Office; Approach Control Service; Airline Preparation ProgramAPPRX Approximate, ApproximatelyAPR April; Automatic Power Reserve (for one engine inoperative take-off)APRT AirportAPRX ApproximateAPS Accident Prevention SpecialistAPSG After passingAPT AirportAPU Auxiliary Power UnitAPV Approve or approved or approvalAPV Approach Procedure with Vertical GuidanceAn instrument approach based on a navigation system that is not required to meet the precision approach standards of ICAO, but provides course and guide path deviation information ("semi-precision") Baro-VNAV, LDA with glide path, LNAV/VNAV and LPV are APV approachesAQZ Area QNH zoneAR Aviation Register; Authorization RequiredARA Air Restricted AreaARAA Air to air refuelling areaARAIB Aviation and Railway Accident Investigation Board (South Korea)ARB Air Reserve BaseARC Area chartARCDU Audio-Radio Control and Display UnitARDT Actual Ready TimeARFF Aircraft Rescue & Fire FightingARFFIC Aircraft Rescue & Fire Fighting Incident CommanderARFFS Aircraft Rescue & Fire Fighting ServiceARINC Aeronautical Radio Incorporation (USA)ARMS Audio-Radio Management SystemARN ATS Route NetworkARNG ArrangeARO Aerodrome Reporting Officer; Airport Reservations Office; Air Traffic Services Reporting OfficeARP Air Report (message type designator); Aerospace Recommended Practice (SAE)ARP Aerodrome Reference PointA point on the airport designated as the official airport locationARPT AirportARQ Automatic error correctionARR Arrangement; Arrival (message type designator); ArriveARS Aviation Rulemaking Committee; Special air-report (message type designator)ARSA Airport Radar Service AreaARSR Air Route Surveillance RadarARST Arresting (specify (part of) aircraft arresting equipment)ARTCC Air Route Traffic Control Center - The radar systems used by these centers do not provide the same precision as an ASR or precision approach radar (PAR) used by approach control facilities and control towers, and the update rate is not as fastARTS Automated Radar Terminal Systems

AS Aerospace Standard (SAE); Altostratus (a layer cloud at an intermediate height of about 8000 to 20 000 feet) высоко-слоистыеASC Aviation Safety Council (Taiwan); Ascend to or ascending toASCPC Air Supply and Cabin Pressure ControllersASD Accelerate-Stop DistanceASD AEO Accelerate-Stop Distance all engine operating. ASD AEO tends to greater than ASD OEI when operating on a dry runway.ASD AFM AFM accelerate-stop distance, is obtained by adding a distance margin equivalent to 2 seconds at constant V1 speed to the ASD DEM. ASD AFM = ASD DEM + (2×V1G).ASD DEM Demonstrated accelerate-stop distanceASD OEI Accelerate-Stop Distance one engine inoperativeASDA Accelerate-Stop Distance Available = runway length + stopway lengthASDE Airport Surface Detection EquipmentASDR Accelerate-Stop Distance RequiredASE Altimetry System ErrorASF Arrival Stream FilterASHTAM NOTAM notifying, by means of a specific format, change in activity of a volcano, a volcanic eruption and/or volcanic ash cloud that is of significance to aircraft operationASI Air Speed IndicatorASIM AsymmetryASL Above Sea LevelASLAR Aircraft Surge Launch and RecoveryA-SMGCS Advanced-Surface Movement Guidance and Control SystemsA combination of systems that provides services and aids to aircraft and vehicles in order to maintain airport throughout under all local weather conditionsASOS Automated Surface Observation SystemASP Arrival Sequencing Program; Audio Selector PanelASPH AsphaltASS Airport Surveillance ServiceASSW Associated withASR Altimeter Setting Region; Approach Radar System; Air Safety ReportASR Aerodrome/ Area Surveillance RadarApproach control radar used to detect and display an aircraft’s position in the terminal area. ASR provides range and azimuth information but does not provide elevation data. Coverage of the ASR can extend up to 60 milesASRS Aviation Safety Reporting SystemASU Air Starter UnitASW Anti-Submarine WarfareAT. . . At (followed by time at which weather change is forecast to occur)AT AutothrottleATA Actual Time of Arrival; Aerial Tactics Area; Air Transport Association ATAS Air Traffic Advisory Service ATC Air Traffic ControlATCAA Air Traffic Control Assigned AirspaceAirspace of defined vertical/lateral limits, assigned by ATC, for the purpose of providing air traffic segregation between the specified activities being conducted within the assigned airspace and other IFR air trafficATCC Air Traffic Control CenterATCO Air Traffic Controller; Air Traffic Control OfficerATCRBS Secondary Surveillance Radar (in U.S.A.)ATCRU Air Traffic Control Radar UnitATCS Air Traffic Control ServiceATCSCC Air Traffic Control System Command CenterATCSMAC . . . Air traffic control surveillance minimum altitude chart (followed by name/title)ATCT Air Traffic Control TowerATCU Air Traffic Control UnitATD Actual Time of DepartureATF Aerodrome Traffic FrequencyATFM Air Traffic Flow ManagementATIS Automatic Terminal Information ServiceATM Air Traffic Management; Assumed Temperature Method; Aerodynamic Twisting Moment (propeller)ATN Aeronautical Telecommunication Network

ATOC Air Terminal Operations CenterATP. . . At . . . (time or place)ATP Advanced TurboProp (BAe); Airline Transport Pilot; Airline Transport Professionals, IncATPL Airline Transport Pilot LicenseATR - Austin Trumbull RadioATS Air Traffic ServiceATSAW Airborne Traffic Situational AwarenessATSB Australian Transport Safety BureauATSMP Air Traffic Services Message ProcessorATSORA Air Traffic Services outside Regulated AirspaceATSU Air Traffic Service UnitATT AttitudeATTCS Automatic Takeoff Thrust Control SystemATTN AttentionATTS Automated Terminal Tracking SystemAT-VASI (to be pronounced “AY-TEE-VASIS”) Abbreviated Tee Visual Approach Slope Indicator (L or R indicates left or right side of runway only)ATZ Aerodrome Traffic Zone; Air Traffic ZoneAUG AugustAUTH Authority; authorized or authorizationAUTO AutomaticAUVSI Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems InternationalAUW All Up Weight (gross)AUX AuxiliaryAV Aviation GasAVAIL AvailableAVASI Abbreviated Visual Approach Slope Indicator (L or R indicates left or right side of runway only). Angels are shown when known to be less than 2.5° or more than 3.0°.AVASIS Abbreviated VASISAVBL Available; AvailabilityAVF Advanced Versatile FADECAVG AverageAVGAS AViation GASoline AVGAS 100LL Most commonly used aviation gasoline. It is pronounced "one hundred low lead"AVI Strong smelling animals (cargo)AVIH Animal travelling in the holdAVLC Aviation VHF Link ControlAVM Airborne Vibration MonitoringAWACS Airborne Warning and Control SystemAWB Air WaybillAWC Aviation Weather CenterAWD Airworthiness DivisionAWIB Aerodrome weather information broadcastAWO All Weather OperationAWOS Automated Weather Observing System - include the prefix “AUTO” to indicate that the data are derived from an automated system.AWS Air Weather ServiceAWSS Automated Weather Sensor System is a follow-on program that provides identical data as ASOSAWTA Advise at what time ableAWY AirwayAZ PAR Azimuth Element Only ApproachAZM AzimuthB Bar; Bi directional; Baggage; Blue; BelowB Used as suffix to indicate minute when precipitation started Example: RAB12 - rain began at 12 minutes past the hourB/B Back BeamB/C Back CourseB/CRS Back CourseBA British Airways; Braking Action; Balance ArmBAC British Aerospace Corporation; Back Course

BAe British AerospaceBAF Belgian Air ForceBALS Basic Approach Light System (HIALS, MIALS or ALS 210-419 m).BAOR British Army of the RhineBARO Barometric; Barometric Pressure Set (knob); BarometerBARO SET Barometer settingBaro-VNAV (to be pronounced “BAA-RO-VEE-NAV”) Barometric vertical navigation. (Cold temperatures reduce the effective glide path angle while high temperatures increase the effective glide path angle without cockpit indication of the variation)BASE Cloud baseBAT BatteryBB Back BeamBBL Body Buttock LineBBm Back Beam (ILS)BC Back Course (ILS)BC PatchesBCARs British Civil Airworthiness RequirementsBCFG Patches of Fog туман грядами, клочкамиBCL Bar centrelineBCM Back Course MarkerBCN Beacon (Aeronautical ground light)BCOB Broken Clouds or BetterBCP Breakcloud ProcedureBCS Back CourseBCSG Bus Controller and Symbol GeneratorBCST BroadcastBDRY BoundaryBEA Bureau d’Enqueteset d’Analyses Французское бюро по расследованию авиационных происшествийBECMG Becoming (expected between 2 digit beginning hour and 2 digit ending hour)BERM Snowbank/s Containing Earth/GravelBEW Basic Empty WeightBFL Balanced Field Length. BFL is minimum runway length required (V1 = balanced V1; BFL=ASD=TODOEI).BFO Beat Frequency Oscillator This is used for audio identification of stations that transmit unmodulated Continuous Wave signalsBFR Biennial Flight Review; BeforeBI Bi-directionalBIG Outsized items (exceed the dimension of cargo door/can only be loaded with difficulties) BIKE Bike carried as accompanied baggageBINOVC Breaks in overcastBIT Built In TestBITE Built-In Test EquipmentBKN Broken (5 to 7 octas (eighths) cloud coverage)BL Blowing; Blue; Blank (Intentionally)BLDG BuildingBLND Blind PassengerBLO Below; Below cloudsBLSN Blowing SnowBLW BelowBM Back Course MarkerBn BeaconBND BoundBPR Bypass RatioBOMB BombingBOV Bias-Out-of-View уборка директоров с индикации из-за рассогласования сигналовBR Mist (Brume; Fog with vis greater than 5/8 Mile ~1km)BRAF Braking Action FairBRAG Braking Action GoodBRAN Braking Action NilBRAP Braking Action PoorBRD Brakemeter – Dynometer (friction measuring device)

BRF Short (used to indicate the type of approach desired or required)BRG BearingBRG/DIST Bearing/distanceBRKG BrakingB-RNAV Basic RNAVBRP Brake Release PointBRS Baggage Reconciliation SystemBRT Bright; BrightnessBS Broadcast Station (Commercial); Body StationBSCT Baby bassinet/skycot/basketBSI Borescope InspectionBSL Bestemmelser for sivilluftfart (Norwegian Civil Aviation Regulations)BSV Burner Staging ValveBTB Bus Tie BreakerBTL Between layersBTL DISCH Bottle Discharge (fire extinguishers)BTMS Brake Temperature Monitoring System.Provides indication of brake temperatures to the crew.BTN BetweenBTPD Body Temperature, Pressure, Dry, i.e. 37°C, ambient pressure and no water vapourBTPS Body Temperature, Pressure, Saturated, i.e. 37°C, ambient pressure and saturated with water vapour at 47 mmHg partial pressureBTU British Thermal Unit (energy to heat 1 pound of water by 1Fahrenheit)BTV Brake To Vacate автоматическое торможение для освобождения ВПП по заданной РДBUFR Binary universal form for the representation of meteorological dataBULK Bulky baggageBYD BeyondC ATC IFR Flight Plan Clearance Delivery Frequency; Centre (Runway Identification)C Civil; Degrees Celsius/Centigrade; Captain; Center; Business Class (passenger cabin); CargoC of A Certificate of AirworthinessC/A Cabin AttendantC/A1 Senior Cabin AttendantC/B Circuit BreakerC/O ChangeoverC/S CallsignC/W Control WheelCA Course to an altitudeCAA Civil Aviation AuthorityCAAS Class A AirspaceCAC Centralised Approach ControlCADIZ Canadian Air Defense Identification ZoneCAE Control Area ExtensionCALC CalculatedCAM Cabin Attendant ManualCANC/RCL Cancel/RecallCANP Civil Aviation Notification ProcedureCAO Cargo Aircraft OnlyCAP Civil Aviation Publication; Congested Area PlanCAPT CaptainCAR Caribbean Region (ICAO)CAR Circling Approach Radius - Cat C = 1.7NM, Cat D = 2,3NM (under TERPS Change 21 CAR is increased ~ 68.5% to avoid high descent rates)CARA Combined Altitude Radar AltimeterCARS Community Aerodrome Radio StationCAS Calibrated Airspeed; Controlled Airspace; Computed AirspeedCASA Construcciones Aeronauticas SA - a Spanish aircraft manufacturerCAST Commercial Aviation Safety TeamCAT Category; Clear Air Turbulence; Commercial Air TransportCAT I Category I ApproachA Category I instrument approach is any authorized precision or nonprecision instrument approach which is conducted with a minimum height for IFR flight not less than 200 feet (60 meters) above the touchdown zone

and a minimum visibility/RVV not less than 1/2 statute mile or RVR 1800 (for helicopters, 1/4 statute mile or RVR 1600). (USA)CAT II Category II ApproachCAT III Category III Approach (Cat III A, III B and III C)CATC Conflicting ATC ClearancesCATO Civil Air Traffic OrganisationCAVOK (to be pronounced “KAV-OH-KAY”) Ceiling and Visibility OK (More than 1500m & 10km (5000 ft & 6 SM). No CB, No Precip.)CB (to be pronounced “CEE BEE”) Cumulonimbus (a cumulus cloud of great vertical extent, the top often forming an anvil shape and the bottom being dark coloured, indicating rain or hail: associated with thunderstorms); Circuit BreakerCBA Cross Border AreaCBAS Class B AirspaceCBBG Cabin Baggage (for which extra seating has been purchased)CBP Compressor Bleed Pressure (CFM56-3)CBSA Class B Surface AreaCBT Computer-Based TrainingCC Cirrocumulus (a high cloud of ice crystals grouped into small separate globular masses, usually occurring above 20 000 feet)CCA (or CCB, CCC . . . etc., in sequence) Corrected meteorological message (message type designator)CCAR Compact carCCAS Class C AirspaceCCC Crew Coordination ConceptCCCV Core Compartment Cooling ValveCCD Cursor Control DeviceCCLKWS CounterclockwiseCCM Cabin Crew Member; Cabin Crew ManualCCSA Class C Surface AreaCCT CircuitCCW CounterclockwiseCD Calvert Approach Lighting System; Coded; Clearance Delivery; CandelaCDA Constant Descent AngleCD5B Calvert Approach Lighting System with 5 barsCD5B1 Calvert Approach Lighting System with 5 bars for ILS Cat 1 configurationCD5B2 Calvert Approach Lighting System with 5 bars for ILS Cat 2 configuration. Barrettes inner 1000ft CDAS Class D AirspaceCDFA Continuous Descent Final Approach - a specific technique for non-precision approach as a continuous descent, without level-off, from an altitude at or above the FAF altitude to a point 50 ft above the thresholdCDI Course Deviation IndicatorCDL Common Data LinkCDL Configuration Deviation List (перечень оборудования, расположенного на внешней поверхности самолета, без которого разрешается вылет)CDN Canadian; Coordination (message type designator)CDP HP Compressor Discharge Static Pressure = PS3 (CFM56)CDR Conditional RouteCDS Common Display SystemCDSA Class D Surface AreaCDT Central Daylight TimeCDTI Cockpit Display of Traffic InformationA CDTI is a generic display that provides a flightcrew with surveillance information about other aircraft including their position. Traffic information for a CDTI may be obtained from one or multiple sources (including ADS-B, TCAS, and traffic information services) to provide improved awareness of proximate aircraft and as an aid to visual acquisition as part of the normal see and avoid operations both in the air and on the ground.CDU Control Display UnitCEAS Class E AirspaceCEATC Central European Air Traffic ServicesCEIL CeilingCEM Company Emergency ManualCENRAP Center Radar ARTS Presentation/ProcessingCEO Chief Executive Officer

CEP Central East Pacific Ocean Region (ICAO)CERAP Combined Center/Radar Approach ControlCESA Class E Surface AreaCESM Commercial Engine Service MemorandumCET Center European Time = UTC + 1 hourCF Canadian Forces; Change frequency to . . .CF Course to Fix - leg is a path that terminates as a fix with a specified course at that fix; Course FixCFA Controlled Firing AreaCFACC Combined Forces Air Component Commander (Iraq)CFG ConfigurationCFIT Controlled Flight Into TerrainCFM GE/SNECMA joint venture; Confirm or I confirm (to be used in AFS as a procedure signal)CFM56 derived from the two parent companies’ commercial engine designations: GE's CF6 and Snecma'sM56.CFME Continuous Friction Measurement EquipmentCFMU Central Flow Management UnitCFP Computer Flight PlanCFR Call For Release; Code of Federal RegulationsCFRP Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic углепластикCG Center of GravityCGAS Coast Guard Air Station; Class G AirspaceCGL Circling Guidance LightsCH Channel; Critical HeightCH# This is a channel-continuity-check of transmission to permit comparison of your record of channel-sequence numbers of messages received on the channel (to be used in AFS as a procedure signal)CHAG Chain Arresting GearCHAMAN Chaotic situation managementCHC Handling Airline ChargesCHDO Certificate Holding District OfficeCHEM ChemicalCHG Change; Changed; Modification (message type designator)CHGD ChangedCHINO [LOC] Cloud Height Indicator at second location not availableCHKL ChecklistCI Cost Index; Cirrus (a thin wispy fibrous cloud at high altitudes, composed of ice particles) перистыеCIAIAC Spanish investigation authorityCIDIN Common ICAO data interchange network CIPS ComitéInternationalePermanent des Souffleries (Permanent Committee on Wind Tunnels)CIR CirrusCirc Circling (App)CIS Commonwealth of Independent StatesCIT HP Compressor Inlet Temperature = T25 (CFM56); Near or over large townsCIV Civil; CivilianCK CheckCL Class; Lift coefficient; Centre lineCL Standard Centerline light configuration white lights then alternating red & white lights between 3000' and 1000' from runway end and red lights for the last 1000' or Exact configuration is not known.CL (white) all centerline lights are white full length of runway.CL (non-std) Non-standard configuration, configuration unknownCL (50W, 20R&W, 20R) Non-standard configuration, configuration known… first 5000' white lights; next 2000' alternating red & white lights; last 2000' red lights.CL30m Centerline lights, figures indicate the spacing between lightsCL4B Centerline lights with 4 barsCLA Clear type of ice formationCLB ClimbCLBR CalibrationCLCD Coded centerline lights. White, alternate white and red, redCLD CloudsCLG CallingCLIMB-OUT Climb-out areaCLKWS Clockwise

CLNC ClearanceCLR Clear; Clear at or below 12,000 feet (ASOS/AWOS report); ClearanceCLRD Runway(s) cleared (used in METAR/SPECI)CLSD Close or closed or closingCLT Calculated Landing TimeCM Centimeter; Crew MemberCMAC Conformance Monitoring Alerts for ControllersCMATZ Combined MATZCMB Climb to or climbing toCMCF Central Maintenance Computing FunctionCMD CommandCMDA Circling Minimum Descent (Decision) AltitudeCMDH Circling Minimum Descent HeightCMF Communications Management FunctionCMNPS Canadian Minimum Navigation Performance Specification AirspaceCMP Configuration, Maintenance, and Procedures - document approved by the FAA that contains minimum configuration, operating, and maintenance requirementsCMPL Complete or completion or completed CMPTR ComputerCMSN CommissionCMSND CommissionedCMU Communications Management UnitCMV Converted Meteorological VisibilityCNCL CancelCNCLD CancelledCNF Computer Navigation Fix- a point used for the purpose of defining the navigation track for an airborne computer system (i.e. GPS or FMC)CNL Cancel; CancelledCNL Flight plan cancellation (message type designator)CNS Communications, Navigation and Surveillance; ContinuousCNTRL ControlCNTRLN CenterlineCO County; CompanyCO2 Carbon DioxideCOA Certificate of AuthorizationC of A Certificate of AuthorizationC of G Centre of GravityC of P Centre of PressureCOM Communications Equipment; Common; Company MailCOMAT Company MaterialCOMINT Communications Intelligence радиоразведкаCOMLO Compass LocatorCOMM CommunicationCON Control; Maximum Continuous Thrust; ContinuousCONC ConcreteCOND ConditionCONFIG ConfigurationCONS ContinousCONSOL a kind of low or medium frequency long range navigational aidCONSOLAN a kind of low or medium frequency long range navigational aidCONST Construction or constructedCONT Continu(e), (ed), (al), (ous)COOR Coordinate or coordinationCOORD CoordinatesCOP Change Over PointCopter Helicopter (App Proc)COR Correction to the observationCOR Correct, Corrected, Correction (used to indicate corrected meteorological message; message type designator)CORR Corridor

COSCAP Cooperative Development of Operational Safety & Continuing Airworthiness ProgrammeCOT At the CoastCOTS Commercial Off The ShelfCOV Cover or covered or coveringCP Command Post; Copilot; Control Panel; Chief PilotCP Corner Point = (FRT) (макс температура воздуха, при которой обеспечивается поддержание постоянной взлётной тяги двигателя) CPA Coalition Provisional Authority; Collision Prediction and Alerting (mode of TAWS)CPC Cabin Pressure ControllerCPCS Cabin Pressure Control SystemCPDLC Controller Pilot Data Link CommunicationsA means of communication between controller and pilot, using data link for ATC communications.CPDS Collaborative Pre-Departure SequencingCPL Current Flight Plan (message type designator); Commercial Pilot LicenceCPR Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (кардиопульмонарное воскрешение)CPS Cycles Per Second (Hertz)CPT Clearance (Pre-Taxi Procedure); CompartmentCPU Central Processor UnitCRC Cyclic Redundancy Check (GNSS approach)CRFI Canadian Runway Friction IndexCRJ Canadian Regional JetCRM Crew Resource Management; Collision risk modelCRP Compulsory Reporting PointCRS CourseCRT Cathode Ray TubeCRZ CruiseCRZ CLB Cruise ClimbCS Communication Station; Callsign; Certification Specification; Cirrostratus (a uniform layer of cloud above about 20 000 feet) перисто-слоистыеCSAS Command Stability Augmentation SystemCSC Chief Sector ControllerCSD Constant speed driveCSFF Cold Soak Fuel FrostCSI Criticality Safety Index, Cycles Since InstalledCSN Cycles Since NewCSO Cycles Since OverhaulCST Central Standard TimeCSU Constant Speed UnitCTA Control Area; Controlled Area; Controlled Time of ArrivalCTAF Common Traffic Advisory FrequencyCTAM Climb to and maintainCTAS Center TRACON Automation SystemCTC Contact; Computed Terrain Clearance; Cabin Temperature ControllerCTG Coefficient of Thrust GradientCTL ControlCTLZ Control ZoneCTM Crew Training Manual; Centrifugal Twisting Moment (propeller)CTN CautionCTOL Conventional Takeoff and Landing взлет и посадка «по-самолетному»CTOT Calculated Takeoff Time (ATFM slot time)CTR Centre; Control Zone; Controlled ZoneCTRD Certified Tower Radar DisplayCTS Course to steerCTZ Control ZoneCU Cumulus (a bulbous or billowing white or dark grey cloud associated with rising air currents) кучевыеCUF Cumuliform облака кучевых формCU FT Cubic FeetCUM CumulativeCUS Customs availableCUST Customs

CVFP Charted Visual Flight ProcedureEstablished for environmental/noise considerations and/or when necessary for the safety and efficiency of air traffic operations Depict prominent landmarks, courses, and recommended altitudes to specific runwaysMost charts depict some Navigational Aid information for supplemental navigation guidance, beginning within 20 Nautical Miles from the airport CVFPs are not an instrument approaches and do not have a Missed Approach Points Unless indicating a class Bravo airspace floor all depicted altitudes are for noise abatement purposes and recommended only Pilots are not prohibited from flying other than recommended altitudes if operational requirements dictate ATC may assign additional restrictionsCVFR Controlled VFR flightsA sub category of VFR flight where clearance is given by Air Traffic Control to an aircraft being operating in accordance with those rules to enter and remain within a Control Zone. It is effectively a form of Special VFR.CVR Cockpit Voice RecorderCW Continuous Wave; Clockwise; Control WheelCWA Center Weather Advisory - generally a newcast for conditions beginning in the next 2 hoursCWP Central West Pacific Ocean Region (ICAO)CWS Control Wheel Steering режим совмещённого управления с автопилотомCWSU Center weather service unitCWY Clearway. CWY is not part of the runway system but is an area at the end of the take-off run that is free of obstructions to allow for the aircraft's initial climb.CZ Caution Zone.Last 610 m of runway usually indicated by yellow edge lights.D Danger Area (Followed by Indent Nr); Day; DME Distance; DownD Downward (tendency in RVR during previous 10 minutes)D THR Displaced thresholdD/A Digital to AnalogD/D Drift DownD/F Direction findingD&D Distress and DiversionDA Decision Altitude. DA(H) is a specified minimum altitude in an instrument approach procedure by which a missed approach must be initiated if the required visual reference to continue the approach has not been established. The ‘altitude’ value is typically measured by a barometric altimeter; the ‘height’ value (H) is typically a radio altitude equivalent height above the touchdown zone (HAT) used only for advisory reference and does not necessarily reflect actual height above underlying terrain.DAA Digital Analog AdapterDAAIS Danger Area Activity Information ServiceDAC Double annular combustor (engines)DACS Danger Area Crossing ServiceDADC Digital Air Data ComputerDAIR Direct Altitude and Identity ReadoutDALGT DaylightDAS Delay AssignmentD-ATIS (to be pronounced “DEE-ATIS”) Data link automatic terminal information serviceDB Decibels (noise levels)DBLB Double room with bath (IATA)DC Direct CurrentDCA Director(ate, Department) of Civil AviationDCD Double channel duplexDCKG DockingDCL Data Link Clearance delivery serviceDCMF Data Communication Management FunctionDCMS DecommissionDCMSND DecommissionedDCP Datum crossing pointDCPC Direct controller-pilot communicationsDCPCS Digital Cabin Pressure Control SystemDCS Departure Control System (loadsheet); Double channel simplexDCT Direct (in relation to flight plan clearances and type of approach)DCTD DirectedDCTR DirectorDDA Dispatch Deviation Authorization; Derived Decision Altitude (DDA= published DA/MDA+50 ft)DDG Dispatch Deviation Guide

DDM Data Distribution and ManagementDDMA Aerodrome Meteo Data DeviceDDPM Dispatch Deviations Procedures ManualDE From (used to precede the call sign of the calling station) (to be used in AFS as a procedure signal)DEC December; DecelerometerDECMSND DecommissionedDECR DecreaseDEG DegreesDEL DeleteDELIV DeliveryDEP Depart; Departure ControlDEPARTURE Departure ProcedureDEP ARR Departure ArrivalDEPO DepositionDEPT DepartmentDER Departure End of RunwayDES Descend to or descending toDESC Descent; Descend(ing)DEST DestinationDETRESFA Distress PhaseDEU Display Electronic UnitDEV Deviation or deviatingDEWIZ Distance Early Warning Identification ZoneDF Direction Finder (finding)DF Direct to Fix - leg is a path described by an aircraft’s track from an initial area direct to the next waypointDFCS Digital Flight Control SystemDFDAU Digital Flight Data Acquisition UnitDFDR Digital flight data recorderDFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbHDFTI Distance from touchdown indicatorDGAC Direction Generale de l’Aviation Civile (CAA France)DGD Shipper’s Declaration for Dangerous GoodsDGM Digital Graphics ModuleDGPS Differential Global Positioning SystemDGR Dangerous Goods RegulationsDH Decision Height - the height at which a decision must be made during an ILS, MLS, or PAR IAP to either continue the approach or to execute a missed approachDHC Dead Head CrewDIF DiffuseDIP Diplomatic cargo shipmentDIR Direct; DirectionDIS Distance to WaypointDISABLD DisabledDISC DisconnectDISENG DisengagedDISPL THRESH Displaced ThresholdDIST DistanceDIV Divert or divertingDLA Delay; Delay MessageDLAD DelayedDLGF Data Loading Gateway FunctionDLI Dead Load IndexDLIC Data link initiation capabilityDLR DeutschesZentrumfürLuft- und Raumfahrt (German Aerospace Centre)DLT DeleteDLTD DeletedDLY DailyDMA Direct Memory AccessDMC Display Management ComputerDME Distance Measuring Equipment

DMI Deferred Maintenance ItemDMO Dependent Meteorological officeDMSTN DemonstrationDMU Data Management UnitDND Department of National DefenseDNG Danger or dangerousDNW Deutsch-NiederländischerWindkanal / Duits-NederlandseWindtunnel (German-Dutch Wind Tunnel)DOA Department of AviationDOC 7030 Regional Supplementary ProceduresDOC 8168 Procedures for Air Navigation Services – Aircraft OperationsDOC 8400 AbbreviationsDOC DocumentDOD Department of Defense; Domestic Object DamageDOD FLIP Department of Defense Flight Information PublicationsDOI Dry Operating IndexDOM Domestic; Dry Operating MassDOP Dilution of Precision снижение точностиDOT Department of Transportation (USA)DOW Dry Operating WeightDP Dew Point temperatureDP Departure procedureA preplanned instrument flight rule (IFR) air traffic control departure procedure printed for pilot use in graphic and/or textual form. DPs provide transition from the terminal to the appropriate enroute structureDPCR Departure procedureDPE Designated Pilot ExaminerDPI message Departure Planning Information (A-CDM)DPT DepthDPWM Display Planned Weight Manifest DR Dead Reckoning счисление путиDR . . . Low drifting (followed by DU = dust, SA = sand or SN = snow)DRCT DirectDRG DuringDRFT Drift Snowbank/s Caused by Wind ActionDRFTD Drifted Snowbank/s Caused by Wind ActionDRM Dispatchers Resource ManagementDROps Dedicated Runway OperationsDRSN Drifting SnowDS Dust stormDSB Double sideDSMS Doors and Slides Management SystemDSNT DistantDSP Digital Signal Processing; Departure Sequencing Program; Display Select PanelDSPL DisplayDSPLCD DisplacedDSPY DisplayDST Daylight Saving Time (Summer time)DSTC DistanceDT Delay TimeDTAM Descend to and maintainDTED Digital Terrain Elevation DataDTG Date – time group, Distance To GoDTHR Displaced runway thresholdDTK Desired TrackDTRT Deteriorate or deterioratingDTW Dual tandem wheelsDU Widespread dust; Display UnitDUATS Direct User Access Terminal SystemAllows any pilot with a current medical certificate to access weather information and file a flight plan via computerDUC Dense upper cloud

DUPE# This is a duplicate message (to be used in AFS as a procedure signal)DUR DurationDUST Dust stormDVA Diverse Vector AreaDVFR Defense Visual Flight RulesD-VOLMET VOLMET Data Link ServiceDVOR (TAC) Doppler VOR (TAC)DVRSN DiversionDW Dual wheelsDWE Delivered Weight EmptyConsists of MWE, all fixed interior equipment (both standard and optional) and customer optionsDWPNT Dew pointDX Duplex OperationDZ DrizzleE East; Eastern longitude; Emergency (frequency or lighting); Error signalE Used as suffix to indicate minute when precipitation ended Example: SNE45 - snow ended at 45 minutes past the hourE3 Energy Efficient EngineProject of Lewis Research CenterE/B Eastbound E/D End of DescentE/E Electrical and Electronice.g. For Example, As an ExamplesEAD Emergency Airworthiness DirectiveEADI Electronic Attitude Director IndicatorEADS European Aeronautic Defense and Space CompanyEAR Export Administration RegulationsEAS Equivalent airspeedEASA European Aviation Safety AgencyEAT Expected Approach Time; Foodstuffs for human consumption (cargo)EATCHIP European Air Traffic Control Harmonisation and Integration ProgramEB EastboundEBAA European Business Aviation AssociationEBACE European Business Aviation Conference and ExhibitionEBND EastboundEC European Commission, European CommunityECA European Cockpit AssociationECAC European Civil Aviation ConferenceECAM Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitor (Airbus)ECCN Export Control Classification NumberECB Engine Control BoxECL Exercise Categorization List; Emergency Check ListECM Electronic Countermeasures радиоэлектронное подавление; Engine Condition MonitoringECMU Engine Control and Monitoring UnitECOMS Jeppesen Explanation of Common Minimum SpecificationsECON EconomyECON CLB Economical ClimbECON DES Economical DescentECS Environmental Control System система кондиционирования воздухаECU Electronic Control UnitED Emergency Distance; EUROCAE DocumentED Estimated Departure is that target time set by airline itself as off-block departure time (A-CDM)EDA Elevation differential areaEDCT Expected Departure Clearance TimeEDP Engine Driven hydraulic Pump; Electronic Data ProcessingEDT Eastern Daylight TimeEEC Electronic Engine ControlEECS Electronic Engine Control SystemEEE# Error (to be used in AFS as a procedure signal)EET Estimated Elapsed Time

EFAS Electronic Flash Approach Light System; Enroute Flight Advisory ServiceEFB Electronic Flight BagEFC Expect further clearanceEFF EffectiveEFIS (to be pronounced “EE-FIS”) Electronic flight instrument systemEFIS CP Electronic flight instrument system control panelEFOB Estimated fuel on boardEFS Elevator Feel ShiftEFSM Elevator Feel Shift ModuleEFV Enhanced flight visibility – distance at which prominent topographical objects may be clearly distinguished and identified by day or night by a pilot using an enhanced flight vision systemEFVS Enhanced Flight Vision System - an installed airborne system that uses an electronic means to provide a display of the forward external scene topography (the applicable natural or manmade features of a place or region especially in a way to show their relative positions and elevation) through the use of imaging sensors, such as forward looking infrared, millimeter wave radiometry, millimeter wave radar, and/or low light level image intensifyingEGNOS (to be pronounced “EGG-NOS”) European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service - the European Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) interoperable with WAAS (US) and MSAS (Japan)EGPWS Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning SystemEGT Exhaust Gas Temperature (T49,5Lowpressure turbine 2 stage inlet total temperature)EGTM Exhaust Gas Temperature Margin (relative to certified limit)EGTK Corrected EGT = (EGT+273.15)/Θ2

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EHF Extremely high frequency [30 000 to 300 000 MHz]EHSI Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicator EHSV Electrohydraulic Servo ValveEICAS (El) Collision Avoidance System EICAS Engine Indication and Crew Alerting System (Boeing)EIS Engine Instrument SystemEJEurojetEL Runway end lightsELBA Emergency Location Beacon - AircraftELC/FC Enhanced Lighting Controller/Fuel ComputerELEC ElectricalELEV Elevation; ElevatorELINT Electronic Intelligence радиотехническая разведкаELMS Electrical Load Management SystemELR Extra longELS Electronic Library SystemELT Emergency locator transmitterEM EmissionEMAS Engineered Material Arrestor System. EMAS is a system that has been set up at the end of a runway in order to slow down an aircraft which has not managed to stop inside the airport's runway system.EMBD Embedded (CBs embedded in layers of other clouds)EMBRAER Empresa Brasileira de AeronauticaEMER EmergencyEMERG EmergencyEMG Emergency MessageEMS Emergency Medical ServiceEND Stop-end (related to RVR)ENE East-north-eastENG Engine Status; Engine; EngageENR En-routeENRC . . . Enroute chart (followed by name/title)ENRT En-routeENTR EntireEO Electro-Optical; Engine OutEOA Engine Out AllowanceEOBT Estimated Off-block Time - the estimated time at which the aircraft will commence movement associated with departure = ETD

EOD Explosive Ordinance Disposal - technicians, who are specially trained to deal with the construction, deployment, disarmament, and disposal of high explosive munitionsEPC Emergency Procedures CardEPE Estimated Position Error = Estimate of Position Uncertainty (EPU) = Actual Navigation Performance (ANP)EPIRB Emergency Position-Indicating Radio BeaconEPNdB Effective Perceived Noise measured in decibelsEPR Engine pressure ratio Степень сжатия в компрессоре (к)EPRL Engine pressure ratio limitEPU Estimate of Position Uncertainty = Actual Navigation Performance (ANP) = Estimate of Position Error (EPE) - A measure based on a defined scale in nautical miles, which conveys the current position estimation performance. The EPU is not an estimate of the actual error, but a defined statistical indication. EQPT EquipmentER Here . . . or herewithERA En Route Alternate (aerodrome)ERC En Route ChartERG Emergency Response GuideEROPS Extended Range OperationsERP Emergency Response PlanERS En Route SupplementESE East-south-eastESM Electronic Support MeasuresESS EssentialEST Eastern Standard Time; Estimate or estimated or estimation (message type designator)ESTOFEX European Storm Forecast ExperimentET Elapsed time (истекающее)ETA Estimated/Expected Time of Arrival; Estimating arrivalETD Estimated Time of Departure; Estimating departureETE Estimated/Expected Time EnrouteETO Estimated Time Over Significant PointETOPS Extended Range Operations with Two-Engined AeroplanesETP Estimated time of penetrationETSO European Technical Standard OrderETV Estimated Time to VNAVETW European Transonic Wind TunnelEUM European/Mediterranean Region (ICAO)EU-OPS1 Europeanrequirements applicable to the operation of any civil aeroplane for the purpose of commercial air transportationEUR European Region (ICAO)EUROCAE European Organisation for Civil Aviation EquipmentEUROCONTROL European Organization for the Safety of Air NavigationEUR RODEX European regional OPMET data exchangeEV EveryEVAC EvacuationEVS Enhanced Vision SystemEWD Engine & Warning DisplayEWINS Enhanced Weather Information SystemEXC ExceptEXCP ExceptEXEC ExecuteEXER Exercises or exercising or to exerciseEXP Expect or expected or expectingEXT ExtendEXTD Extend or extending F Aerodrome forecast (TAF); Condenser-Discharge Sequential Flashing Lights/Sequenced flashing light; Friday-when associated with hours of operationF Fix, Fixed; Fahrenheit; Function (of); First Class (passenger cabin)F/D Flight DirectorF/O First OfficerF/W Fail Warning

FA Final Approach; Area forecastFA Course from a fix to an altitude; VFR approach fixFAA US Federal Aviation Administration of the United StatesFAB Forca Aerea Brasileira (Brazilian Air Force)FAC Facility; Facilities; Final Approach CourseFACF Final Approach Course FixFADEC Full Authority Digital Engine ControlFAF French Air ForceFAF Final Approach FixThe fix from which the final approach (IFR) to an airport is executed and which identifies the beginning of the final approach segment. It is designated in the profile view of Jeppesen Terminal charts by the Maltese Cross symbol for non-precision approaches and by the glide slope/path intercept point on precision approaches. The glide slope/path symbol starts at the FAF. When ATC directs a lower-than-published Glide Slope/Path Intercept Altitude, it is the resultant actual point of the glide slope/path intercept.FAL Facilitation of international air transport (облегчение)FALS Full Approach Light System ICAO: Precision approach CAT I Lighting System (HIALS >720 m) distance coded centreline, Barrette centreline.FANS Future Air Navigation SystemsFAP Frequency Allotment распределение PlanFAP Final Approach PointThe point, applicable only to a non-precision approach with no depicted FAF (such as an on-airport VOR), where the aircraft is established inbound on the final approach course from the procedure turn and where the final approach descent may be commenced. The FAP serves as the FAF and identifies the beginning of the final approach segment.FAR Federal Aviation Regulation (Rules)FAS Final Approach SegmentFAT Final Approach TrackFATO Final Approach and Take-off AreaA final approach and take-off area, which consists of a defined area over which the final phase of a helicopter approach manoeuvre to hover or land is completed and from which the take-off manoeuvre is commenced.FAX Facsimile Transmission (копия)FB Fly-By waypoint - requires the use of turn anticipation to avoid overshooting the next flight segmentFBL Light (used to indicate the intensity of weather phenomena, interference or static reports, e.g. FBL RA = light rain)FBU Flight Briefing UnitFC Funnel cloud (tornado or water spout); Aerodrome forecast; Flight CyclesFCB Flight Crew BulletinFCC Flight Control ComputerFCGC Flight Control and Guidance ComputerFCL Flight Crew LicensingFCOM Flight Crew Operations ManualFCP Final Control PointFCS Flight Control SystemFCST ForecastFCT Friction coefficientFCTL Flight ControlFCTM Flight Crew Training ManualFCU Flight Control UnitFD Flight Director; Flight DispatcherFDAMS Flight Data Acquisition and Management SystemFDAS Flight Deck Access SystemFDAU Flight Data Acquisition Unit регистратор параметров полётаFDC Flight Data CenterFDE Fault Detection and ExclusionFDE technology allows onboard GPS equipment to automatically detect a satellite failure that effects navigation and to exclude that satellite from the navigation solution.FDMP Flight Data Monitoring ProgramFDP Flight Duty PeriodFDPS Flight Data Processing SystemFDR Flight Data Recorder

FE Finite (ограниченный) ElementFE/SO Flight Engineer / Second OfficerFEB FebruaryFEW Few (1 to 2 octas (eighths) cloud coverage)FF Final approach Fix; Fuel FlowFFСС Fan Frame Compressor Case (vibration sensor)FFM Far Field MonitorFFPS Free Fall Parachute SiteFFRS Fire Fighting and Rescue ServicesFFS Full Flight SimulatorFG FogFGN ForeignFH Flight HoursFI Flying Instructor, Fuel IndexFIC Flight Information CenterFIH Flight Information HandbookFIL Films (cargo)FIM Fault Isolation ManualFIO Flight Information OfficeFIR Flight Information RegionFIS Flight Information ServiceFISA Automated flight information serviceFIS-B Flight Information Service - Broadcast provides certain aviation weather and other aeronautical information to aircraft equipped with an appropriate flight deck displayFISDL Flight Information Services Data LinkFITS FAA’s Industry Training StandardsFJ Fuel-jet FL Flight LevelFLAS Flight Level Allocation SchemeFLD FieldFLDURC [Flight level] during climb, as given in a pilot reportFLDURD [Flight level] during descent, as given in a pilot reportFLEX Assumed Temperature (method)FLG FlashingFLIP Flight Information PublicationFLIR Forward Looking InfraredFLOW Fuel Flow RateFLPFM Foot Launched Powered Flying MachineFLR Flares (вспышки)FLT FlightFLTCK Flight checkFLT DIR Flight DirectorFlt Dsp Flight DispatchFLTA Forward Looking Terrain AwarenessFLTCK Flight checkFLT NO Flight NumberFLUC Fluctuating or fluctuation or fluctuatedFLW Follow or FollowingFLY Fly or flyingFM Course from a fix to manual termination (used in navigation database coding)FM Fan marker; From (followed by time weather change is forecast to begin); Flight ManagementFMA Flight Mode AnnunciatorFMC Flight Management ComputerFMCF Flight Management Computer FunctionFMCS Flight Management Computer SystemFMEA Failure Modes and Effects AnalysisFMF Flight Management FunctionFMGS Flight Management and Guidance SystemFMS Flight Management System

An integrated system, consisting of airborne sensor, receiver, and computer with both navigation and aircraft performance databases, which provides performance and RNAV guidance to a display and automatic flight control system. FMU Flow Management UnitFMV Fuel Metering Valve (CFM56-3)FNA Final ApproachFNY French NavyFO Fly-Over waypoint - precludes any turn until the WP is over flown and is followed by either an intercept maneuver of the next flight segment or direct flight to the next WPFOB Fuel on board; Forward Operating BaseFOD Foreign Object DamageFODept Flight Operations DepartmentFOL Forward Operating LocationFOM Flight Operations Manual; Flight Operations ManagerFOO Flight Operations OfficerFOQA Flight Operations Quality AssuranceFOS Forward Outer SealFOV Primary Optimum Field of View. The primary optimum FOV is within 15 degrees of the pilot’s primary line of sightFP Fuel-Petroleum (1 =73/80; 2=80/87; 3=91 /98; 4=100LL or 100/130; 5=108/135; 6=115/145)FPA Flight Path AngleFPAP Flight path alignment pointFPCCM Flight Planning and Cruise Control ManualFPD Flight Planning Document; Freezing Point DepressantFPL Filed Flight Plan (message type designator)FPM Feet per MinuteFPNM Feet Per Nautical MileFPR Flight Plan RouteFPS Feet per secondFPV Flight Path VectorFPX Fuel-Petroleum (Octane Unspecified).FQIS Fuel Quantity Indicating SystemFR From; Fuel remainingFREQ Frequency (radio)FRH Fly Runway HeadingFRI FridayFRM Fault Reporting Manual; Flight Reference ManualFRNG FiringFRONT Front (relating to weather)FROST Frost (used in aerodrome warnings)FRQ Frequent (CBs with little or no separation)FRS Fire Rescue ServiceFRT Flat Rated Temperature = CP (макс. темп. воздуха, при которой обеспечивается поддержание постоянной взлётной тяги двигателя )FRZN FrozenFRZN SLR Frozen Slush on Runway/sFS French standard (angle of approach)FSD Full Scale Development полномасштабная разработкаFSD Full Scale DeflectionFSDO Flight Standards District OfficeFSEU Flap/Slat Electronics UnitFSF Flight Safety FoundationFSIMS Flight Standards Information Management SystemFSL Forecast Systems Laboratory; Full stop landingFSM Flight Safety ManualFSR Full Screen Radar, Flight Safety ReportFSS Flight Service StationProvide pilot weather briefings, en route weather, receive and process IFR and VFR flight plans, relay ATC clearances, and issue NOTAMs.FSSB Flight Safety and Standard Bulletin

FST FirstFSTD Flight simulation training deviceFSW Forward Sweep Wing крыло обратной стреловидностиFT Foot (feet); Full time; Flight Time; Terminal forecastFT&V Flight Test & ValidationFTD Flight training deviceFTE Flight Training Errors; Flight Technical Error FTF Friction Task ForceFTL Flight Time LimitationsFTM Flex Temperature MethodFTOD AEO Factored all-engine takeoff distance. FTOD AEO = 1.15 × TOD AEO.FTOR AEO Factored all-engine takeoff run. FTOR AEO = 1.15 × TOR AEO.FTP Fictitious Threshold Point (GNSS approach)FTS Flexible Track SystemFTT Flight technical toleranceFTU Flying Training UnitsFU Smoke (Fume)FWD ForwardFX Fuel unspecified FZ Freezing or super-cooledFZDZ Freezing DrizzleFZFG Freezing FogFZL Freezing LevelFZRA Freezing RainFZRANO Freezing rain information not availableG Ground control; Green; Above Ground (ARAs); Gravity (acceleration units)G . . . Variations from the mean wind speed (gusts) (followed by figures in METAR/SPECI and TAF)G/A Go Around; Ground-to-airG/A/G Ground-to-air and air-to-groundG/B FOM General Basic Flight Operations ManualG/P GlidepathG/S Ground Speed, Glide SlopeGA General Aviation; Go Around thrust – maximum rating approved for go-aroundGA Go ahead, resume sending (to be used in AFS as a procedure signal)GAF German Air ForceGAGAN GPS and geostationary earth orbit augmented navigationGAIN Airspeed or headwind gainGAL GallonsGAMET General Aviation Meteorological Information (Area forecast for low-level flights)GAR German ArmyGARP GBAS azimuth reference pointGASIL General Aviation Safety Information LeafletGAT General Air Traffic (flights are performed according to ICAO rules)GBAS (to be pronounced “GEE-BAS”) Ground Based Augmentation System (подраздел GNSS).Accuracy of GBAS sensor is better than 2 meters (95 percent).GC Ground ControlGCA Ground controlled approach system or ground controlled approachGCB Generator Circuit BreakerGCO Ground Communication Outlet - is used to contact an ARTCC or an AFSS after landingGCS Ground Clutter SuppressionGCU Generator Control UnitGE General ElectricGECA General Establishment of Civil AviationGECAS GE Capital Aviation ServicesGEM Ground base Engine Monitoring programGen Dec General DeclarationGEN General; GeneratorGEO Geographic or trueGES Ground earth stationGETOL Ground Effect Takeoff and Landing

GFOM General Flight Operations ManualGHM Ground Handling ManualGI Ground InstructorGIDS Ground Ice Detection SystemGL GallonsGLC generator line contactorGLD Ground Lift Dumpers; GliderGLONASS (to be pronounced “GLO-NAS”) Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite SystemGLS GBAS Landing SystemGLS is a differential GPS-based landing system providing both vertical and lateral position fixing capability. The term GLS may also be applied to any GNSS-based differentially corrected landing system.GM Guidance MaterialGMC . . . Ground movement chart (followed by name/title)GMT Greenwich Mean Time; Ground Movement ControlGND Ground Control; Surface of the Earth (either land or water); GroundGNDCK Ground CheckGNSS Global Navigation Satellite System. GNSS includes GPS, Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS), Ground-Based Augmentation Systems (GBAS), Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), GALILEO, and any other satellite navigation system approved for civil use. GNSS sensor accuracy better than 36 metersGNY German NavyGOES Geostationary Operational Environmental SatelliteGOM General Operations ManualGOVN GovernmentGP Glidepath; Group; General PublicationGPA Glide path angleGPIP Glide path intercept pointGPM gallons per minuteGPS Global Positioning System. A U.S. satellite-based radio navigation system that provides a positioning service anywhere in the world. GPU Ground Power UnitGPWC Ground Proximity Warning ComputerGPWS Ground Proximity Warning SystemGR Glide RatioGR Green GR HailGR WT Gross WeightGrad GradientGRADU Gradual(ly)GRAS (to be pronounced “GRASS”) Ground-based regional augmentation systemGRASS Grass landing areaGRIB Processed meteorological data in the form of grid point values expressed in binary form (meteorological code)GRT Glide Ratio to Target; Grip Tester (friction measuring device)GRVL GravelGS Ground Speed; Glide SlopeGS Small hail or snow pelletsGSE Ground Serving EquipmentGT GarrettGTF Geared Turbo Fan (двигатель с редуктором между вентилятором и контуром низкого давления)GUND Geoid undulationGVS Gas Venting StationGWT Gross WeightH Prefix in tire dimensions - identifies that the tire is designed for a higher percent deflection.H Non-Directional Radio Beacon; High Altitude; High intensity; Heavy; HeadwindH High Pressure area or the centre of high pressureH+(10,40) Transmits at (10 minutes and 40 minutes past the hour)H/WIND HeadwindH24 Continuous day and night serviceHA Humanitarian Aid; Holding/racetrack to an altitude

HAA Height Above AerodromeThe height of the Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA) above the published airport elevation. This is published in conjunction with circling minimums.HAAP Helicopter Approach Aiming Point HAF Hellenic (Greek) Air ForceHAIL HailHAL Horizontal Alert Limit (GNSS approach)HALT Highly Accelerated Life TestHAPI Helicopter Approach Path IndicatorHAS Hardened Aircraft Shelter (укрытие); Height Above SiteHASS Highly Accelerated Stress ScreeningHAT Height Above ThresholdThe height of the Decision Height or Minimum Descent Altitude above the highest runway elevation in the touchdownzone of the runway. HAT is published on instrument approach charts in conjunction with all straight-in minimumsHAZ HazardHAZMAT Hazardous MaterialsHBN Hazard BeaconHC Critical HeightHDF High frequency direction-finding stationHDG Heading HDG REF Heading ReferenceHDG SEL Heading SelectHEAT High Energy Advanced TrainerHEG Hatching eggs (cargo)HEL HelicopterHELI HeliportHEMS Hel Emergency Medical ServiceHF High Frequency (3-30MHz)HF Holding/racetrack to a fixHFEC High Frequency Eddy Current inspectionHFOM Horizontal Figure of Merit (доброкачественность, надежность)HG Inches of MercuryHGR HangarHGS Head-up Guidance SystemHGT Height or Height AboveHI High (altitude); High Intensity (lights)HIALS High Intensity Approach Light SystemHIALS II High Intensity Approach Light System with CAT II ModificationsHIBAL High Altitude BalloonHIL Horizontal Integrity Limit = Horizontal Protection Level (HPL). HIL is a measure of the position estimation error assuming a latent failure is present.HIL High Intensity LightHIP Hot Isostatic Pressing горячее изостатическое прессованиеHIRL High Intensity Runway Edge Lights. Runway edge lights are white, except on instrument runways amber replaces white on the last 2000' or half of the runway length, whichever is less.HIRO High Intensity Runway OperationsHIRTA High Intensity Radio Transmission AreaHITS Highway In The SkyHIWAS Hazardous Inflight Weather Advisory Service - a USA program for broadcasting hazardous weather information continuously over selected navigation aidsHJ Sunrise to sunseth¡ Vertical rateh¡¡ Vertical accelerationHLDG HoldingHLS Helicopter Landing SiteHM Holding/racetrack to a manual terminationHMI Human Machine InterfaceHMR HomerHMU Hydro Mechanical Unit

HN Sunset to SunriseHO Service Available to meet Operational Requirement HOL Holiday(s)HOM Heliport Operations ManualHOSP Hospital aircraftHOT Hold-Over TimeHOTAS Hands on Throttle and Stickhp horsepower = 0.7457 kWHP Holding Point; High PressurehPA HectoPascalHPC High Pressure CompressorHPCC High Performance Computing and Communications Lewis research program focuses on rapid, accurate predictions of air flow in order to produce superior aircraft engine designs, reduce cost and improve reliability.HPL Horizontal Protection Level = Horizontal Integrity Limit (HIL)HPSOV High Pressure Shutoff Valve (fuel)HPT High Pressure TurbineHPTACC High Pressure Turbine Active Clearance ControlHPTCC High Pressure Turbine Clearance ControlHPTCCV High Pressure Turbine Clearance Control Valve (CFM56)HPZ Helicopter Protected Zone HR Hour(s)hr Radio altitude heightHRL High Intensity Runway Edge Lighting Hrs HoursHRС Hardness Rockwell C (scale)HS Hawker SiddeleyHS Service Available during Hours of Scheduled OperationsHSI Horizontal Situation Indicator HST High speed turn-off (lights); High Speed Wind TunnelHST High speed turn-off/taxiway. A long radius taxiway designed and provided with lighting or marking to define the path of an aircraft, traveling at high speed (up to 60 knots), from the runway center to a point on the center of a taxiway. Also referred to as long radius exit or turnoff taxiway.HST-H High speed Taxiway turn-off with green centerline lights. H indicates taxiway identification.HSTIL High Speed Taxiway turn-off Indicator LightsHSTO High speed turn-offHT HeightHT High TensionHTZ Helicopter Traffic ZoneHUD Head-Up DisplayHUDLS Head-Up Display Landing System HUGS Head-Up Guidance SystemHUM Human remains in coffins (cargo)HURCN HurricaneHVDF High and very high frequency direction- finding stations (at the same location)HVY HeavyHVY Heavy (used to indicate the intensity of weather phenomena, e.g. HVY RA = heavy rain)HW HeadwindHX Operates at no specific hoursHYD HydraulicHYR HigherHZ (Dust) Haze (пыльная) мглаHZ Hertz (cycle per second)I Islandi.a.w. In accordance withi.c.o. In case ofi.e. idest (латынь) то естьI/V Instrument/Visual Controlled AirspaceIAC... Instrument Approach Chart (followed by name/title)IAE International Aero Engines

IAF Italian Air Force; Initial Approach FixIAL Instrument Approach and Landing ChartIALS Intermediate Approach Light System ICAO: Simple approach lighting system (HIALS 420-719 m) single source, Barrette.IAM Instrument Approach MinimaIAML Integrity Monitor AlarmIAN Integrated Approach NavigationAn approach option designed for airlines that want to use ILS-like pilot procedures, display features, and autopilot control laws for nonprecision approachesIANS Institute of Air Navigation ServicesIAO In and out of cloudsIAP Instrument Approach Procedure; Instrument Approach PlateIAR Intersection of air routesIAS Indicated Air Speed (VI)Airspeed reading, as displayed in the airplane.IATA International Air Transport AssociationIBN Identification BeaconIBND InboundIC Ice Crystals (very small ice crystals in suspension, also known as diamond dust)ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization ICD Interface Control DocumentICE Carbon dioxide (dry ice); IcingICF Initial Contact FrequencyICI Ice Crystal IcingID Identification; Identifier or Identify (number)IDENT Identification; Identify; IdentifierIDG Integrated drive generatorIDU Integrated Display UnitIEM Interpretative and Explanatory MaterialIEP Ice Evidence ProbeIF Intermediate Approach Fix; Initial approach Fix; Initial FixIFALPA International Federation of Air Line Pilots’ AssociationsIFBP Inflight Broadcast ProcedureIFE Inflight Entertainment SystemIFF Identification Friend-or-FoeIFPS Integrated Flight Planning SystemIFR Instrument Flight RulesIFSAU Integrated Flight System Accessory UnitIFSD Engine In-Flight Shut-down IG Imperial GallonsIGA International general aviationIGN IgnitionIGS Instrument guidance system IHP Intermediate Holding PositionIIC Investigator-In-ChargeILS (V) ILS with Emergency Voice FacilityILS Instrument Landing SystemILS-PRM Precision Runway MonitoringSimultaneous close parallel ILS approaches are enabled through the implementation of special precision runway monitoring (PRM) equipment operated by ATC at certain airfields for specific runways, titled in 14 CFR Part 97 as “ILS PRM.” ILS PRM approaches are conducted between 4,299 and 3,000 feet parallel runway spacing. Runways 3,400 feet or greater apart utilize two parallel ILS courses, aligned with the runway centerlines (RCLs). For runways spaced less than 3,400 feet, one ILS is offset 2.5° to 3.0°.IM Inner MarkerIMA Integrated Modular AvionicsIMAS International Market for Aircraft SalesIMC Instrument Meteorological ConditionsIMG ImmigrationIMI Israeli Military Industries; Interrogation sign (question mark) (to be used in AFS as a procedure signal)IMP Interline Message Procedure

IMPR Improve or improvingIMT Immediate or immediatelyIMTA Intensive Military Training AreaIN Inch(es) IN2 Square InchINA Initial approachINAD InadmissibleINBD Inbound; InboardINC In CloudINCERFA Uncertainty phaseINCL Including; InclusiveINCR IncreaseIND IndicatorIND APP Indirect ApproachINDEFLY IndefinitelyIND LTS Indicator LightsINFO InformationINIT InitializeINIT REF Initialize ReferenceINO Indian Ocean Region (ICAO) INOP InoperativeINP If not possibleINPR In progressINS Inertial Navigation System; Inch(es)INST InstrumentINSTL Install or installed or installationINSTR Instruction(s), InstrumentINT Intersection; InterphoneINTC IntersectionINTC CRT Intercept CourseINTCP InterceptINTER IntermittentINTL InternationalINTPH InterphoneINTR IntroductionINTRG InterrogatorINTRP Interrupt or interruption or interruptedINTSF Intensify(ing)INTST IntensityIO International OrganizationIOE Initial Operating ExperienceIORRA Indian Ocean Random RNAV AreaIOSA IATA Operational Safety AuditIP Initial Point, Instructor PilotIR Instrument Restricted Controlled Airspace; Infrared; Ice On Runway/s; Instrument Rating; Inertial ReferenceIRE Instrument Rating ExaminerIRFI International Runway Friction IndexIRS Inertial Reference SystemIRU Inertial Reference UnitIRVR Instrumented Runway Visual RangeIS IslandsISA International Standard AtmosphereISARPs IOSA Standards and Recommended PracticesISB Independent sidebandISDU Inertial System Display UnitISFD Integrated Standby Flight instrument DisplayISIM Integrated Safety Investigation MethodologyISLN IsolationISM IOSA Standards ManualISO International Standard Organization

ISOL Isolated (Individual CBs)ISR Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance ISWL Isolated single wheel loadITCZ InterTropical Convergence Zone (FIT) внутритропическая зона конвергенцииITT Inter Turbine TemperatureITWS Integrated Terminal Weather System IVS Inertial Vertical SpeedJ Bar Jet BarrierJAA Joint Aviation Authorities (Europe)JAA JAR-OPS-1 Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA) Joint Aviation Requirements (JAR) operational agreements (OPS). The European JAA adopted common operational guidance for all Member States in order to harmonize the rules within those States. The JAR-OPS-1, is part 1 of the operational agreement and comprises the operational requirements applicable to commercial air transportation fixed wing aircraft.JAE Japan Aviation ElectronicsJAN JanuaryJAR Joint Aviation (Airworthiness) Requirements/RegulationsJAR-21 Certification Procedures for Aircraft, Products and Related PartsJAR-22 Sailplanes (планер-паритель) and Powered SailplanesJAR-23 Normal, Utility (легкий многоцелевой), Aerobatic and Commuter (с-т местных авиалиний) Category AeroplanesJAR-25 Large AeroplanesJAR-AWO All Weather OperationsJAR-FCL 1 Flight Crew Licensing (Aeroplanes)JAR-FCL2 Flight Crew Licensing (Helicopters)JAR-FCL 3 Flight Crew Licensing (Medical Requirements)JAR-OPS 1 Commercial Air Transportation (Aeroplanes)JAR-OPS 2 Commercial Air Transportation (Helicopters)JBI James Braking IndexJCAB Japan Civil Aviation BureauJSAT Joint Safety Analysis TeamJSF Joint Strike FighterJSSI European Joint Aviation Authorities Safety Strategy InitiativeJTST Jet StreamJUL JulyJUN JuneJWRFMR Joint Winter Runway Friction Measurement ProgramK KnotsKCAS knots calibrated airspeedKCS KilocyclesKG KilogramsKGS KilogramsKHz KilohertzKIAS Knots Indicated AirspeedKLM Koninklijke Luchtvaart MaatschappijKM KilometresKm/h Kilometres per hourKMH Kilometres per hourkPa Kilo Pascal (0.145 psi)KPH Kilometres per HourKRF Position Error + Runway Data quality + Geometric AltitudeKT Knots 1 knot (kt) = 1.15077945 miles per hour (mph)KTAS Knots True AirspeedKTS KnotsKW Kilowatt = 1.341 horsepower. . . L Left (preceded by runway designation number to identify a parallel runway)L Locator (NDB with Published Approach Procedure); Low intensity; Litre; Light; Left crosswindL Low pressure area or the centre of low pressureL/D Lift-to-Drag ratio аэродинамическое качествоLAA Local Airport Advisory

A service provided by flight service stations or the military at airports not serviced by an operating control tower. This service consists of providing information to arriving and departing aircraft concerning wind direction and speed, favored runway, altimeter setting, pertinent known traffic, pertinent known field conditions, airport taxi routes and traffic patterns, and authorized instrument approach procedures. This information is advisory in nature and does not constitute an ATC clearance.LAAS Local Area Augmentation System - разновидность Ground-Based Augmentation Systems (GBAS)LACFT Large AircraftLAHSO Land and Hold Short Operations These operations include landing and holding short of an intersecting runway, an intersecting taxiway, or some other designated point on a runway other than an intersecting runway or taxiway.LAM Logical acknowledgement (message type designator)LAN Land; InlandLARS Lower Airspace Radar Advisory ServiceLAT LatitudeLAW Landing WeightLAWRS Limited Aviation Weather Reporting StationLB Lead Bearing; 3 bar VASI ( Longbodied ); Pound(s) (= 0,45359237 kilogram)Lbf Pound force. lbf = 0.45359237kg × 9.80665m/s2 = 4.4482216152605N (newton)LBCM Locator Back Course MarkerLBM Locator Back MarkerLbm Pound mass. lbm = 0.45359237kgLBS Pounds (= 0,45359237 kilogram); Lateral Beam SensorLC Lethal concentration; Local ControlLCA Local or locally or location or locatedLCC Low Cost CarrierLCD Liquid Cristal DisplayLCG Load classification group LCL LocalLCN Load classification numberLCO Limit Cycle Oscillation (колебания ограниченной амплитуды в широком диапазоне частот)LCTD LocatedLCTR Locator (Compass)LD Lethal dose; Landing DistanceLDA Landing Distance Available; Localizer Type Directional Aid – курсовой маяк ILS под углом к оси ВППLDAH Landing distance available, helicopterLDG LandingLDG ALT Landing AltitudeLDI Landing Direction IndicatorLDIN Sequenced Flashing Lead-in Light SystemLDM Load MessageLDMCRs Lower deck removable crew rest areasLE Leading EdgeLEAP Leading Edge Aviation Propulsion (CFM engines)LEMAC Leading Edge of the Mean Aerodynamic ChordLEN LengthLEP List of Effective PagesLF Low Frequency (30-300 KHZ)LFL Landing Field Length. Minimum runway length required for a landing.LFOB Leftover Fuel on BoardLFT Luftaufsicht (German) (воздушный надзор)LGT Light, lighting, lightedLGTD LightedLGTH LengthLGTS LightsLH Left hand LHC Left-Hand CircuitLHO Live Human Organs and fresh blood plasma (cargo)LHS Left-Hand SideLHV Fuel heating value (Boeing standard 18580 BTU per pound)LI Inner locator

LIDAR Light Distancing and RangingLIH Light Intensity HighLIL Light Intensity LowLILAW Landing Load IndexLIM Locator inner marker; Light Intensity Medium; LimitL INBD Left InboardLINE Line (used in SIGMET)LIRL Low Intensity Runway Edge LightLITAS Low Intensity Two-colour Approach Slope SystemLITOW Takeoff Load IndexLIZ LocalizerLIZFW Zero Fuel Load IndexLLWAS Low Level Wind Shear Alert SystemLLWS Low Level Wind ShearLLZ ILS LocalizerLM Locator middleLMC Last Minute ChangesLMM Compass Locator at ILS Middle Marker LMT Local Mean TimeLNAV (to be pronounced “EL-NAV”) Lateral NavigationLNAV minimums are for lateral navigation only, and the approach minimum altitude will be published as a minimum descent altitude (MDA). LNAV provides the same level of service as the present GPS stand alone approaches. LNAV minimums support the following navigation systems: WAAS, when the navigation solution will not support vertical navigation; and, GPS navigation systems which are presently authorized to conduct GPS/GNSS approachesLNAV/VNAV Lateral Navigation/Vertical NavigationIdentifies APV minimums developed to accommodate an RNAV IAP with vertical guidance, usually provided by approach certified Baro-VNAV, but with lateral and vertical integrity limits larger than a precision approach or LPV. These minimums can be flown by aircraft with a statement in the Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM) that the installed equipment supports GPS approaches and has an approach-approved baro- metric VNAV, or if the aircraft has been demonstrated to support LNAV/VNAV approaches. This includes Class 2, 3 and 4 TSO-C146 WAAS equipment. Aircraft using LNAV/VNAV minimums will descend to landing via an internally generated descent path based on satellite or other approach approved VNAV systems. WAAS equipment may revert to this mode of operation when the signal does not support "precision" or LPV integrity. Since electronic vertical guidance is provided, the approach minimum altitude will be published as a decision altitude (DA).LNDG LandingLNG Long (used to indicate the type of approach desired or required)LO Locator at Outer Marker SiteLOA Letter of Authorization - the standard paragraph for part 91 and 125MLOC Localizer; Loss Of Control/ Lack Of Control (accident)LOC Local Conditions местные условия погоды; Locally местамиLOC-BC Localizer Back CourseLODA Letter of Deviation AuthorityLOE Line Operating Experience LOFT Line Oriented Flight TrainingLOM Compass Locator at ILS Outer Marker LON LongitudeLONG LongitudeLOPA Layout Of Passenger ArrangementLOPS Layout Of Passenger SystemLORAN Long range aid to navigationLOSA Line Operation Safety AuditLOSS Airspeed or headwind lossLP Low Pressure; Localizer PerformanceLPC Licence Proficiency CheckLPC Low Pressure CompressorLPG Liquefied petroleum gasLPM Load Planning MessageLPT Low pressure turbineLPTACC Low Pressure Turbine Active Clearance Control

LPV Localizer Performance with Vertical GuidanceGNSS approach - provide ILS equivalent approach minimums as low as 200 feet at qualifying airportsIdentifies the APV minimums that incorporate electronic lateral and vertical guidance. The lateral guidance is equivalent to localizer, and the protected area is considerably smaller than the protected area for the present LNAV and LNAV/VNAV lateral protection. Aircraft can fly these minimums with a statement in the Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM) that the installed equipment supports LPV approaches. This includes Class 3 and 4 TSO-C146 WAAS equipment, and future LAAS equipment.LPС Low pressure compressorLR Lead RadialLR The last message received by me was . . . (to be used in AFS as a procedure signal)LRBL Least Risk Bomb Location is a location on an aeroplane where an explosive device can be placed to minimise the effects on the aeroplane if the device detonatesLRC Long Range CruiseLRCS Long-range communication systemLRE Launch and Recovery ElementLRG Long rangeLRL Low Intensity Runway Edge LightingLRN LoranLRNS Long-range navigation systemLROPS Long-Range OperationsLRRA Low Range Radio AltimeterLRU Line Replaceable UnitLS The last message sent by me was . . . or Last message was . . . (to be used in AFS as a procedure signal)LSALT Lowest Safe AltitudeLSK Line Select KeyLSQ Line Squall линия (полоса) шквалаLSR Loose Snow on Runway/sLST Licence Skill Test; Low Speed Wind TunnelLT Litre; Local Time; Left Turn After Take-offLTD LimitedLTG LightningLTP Landing Threshold Point (GNSS approach)LTR LitreLTS LightsLTT Landline teletypewriterLV Light and variable (relating to wind)LVA Low Visibility ApproachLVDT Linear variable differential (displacement) transducerLVE Leave or leavingLVL LevelLVL CHG Level ChangeLVO Low Visibility OperationsLVP Low visibility proceduresLVTO Low Visibility Take-offLWC Liquid Water Content. LWC is the total mass of water contained in all the liquid cloud droplets within a unit volume of cloud. Units of LWC are usually grams of water per cubic meter of air (g/m3).LWD Left wing downLWIS Limited Weather Information SystemLWR CTR Lower CenterLWR DSPL Lower DisplayLYR Layer(ed). . . M Metres (preceded by figures)M Mach Number (followed by figures); Monday; Medium intensity; Mail; Metric; Minus or below zero (temperature); Less than lowest reportable sensor value (RVR or vis e.g. M1/4SM)M Manual tuningM/App Missed Approach ProcedureMA Master Light; Missed ApproachMAA Maximum Authorized AltitudeA published altitude representing the maximum usable altitude or flight level for an airspace structure or route segment.

MAAS Meet and assist пассажир, нуждающийся в спец. помощиMABH Minimum Approach Breakoff HeightThe lowest height of the wheels above the ground that if a go-around were initiated without external references in normal operation, the aircraft would not touch the ground during the procedure. In case of a critical engine failure, it can be demonstrated that an accident is improbable during the go-around procedure initiated at this height.MAC Military Aircraft Command; Mean Aerodynamic Chord Средняя аэродинамическая хорда (САХ)MACH Speed of aircraft relative to the speed of soundMag MagneticMAG Magnetized Material; MagneticMAG VAR Magnetic VariationMAHF Missed Approach Holding FixMAHWP Missed Approach Holding WaypointMAINT MaintenanceMALS Medium Intensity Approach Light SystemMALSF Medium Intensity Approach Light System with Sequenced Flashing LightsMALSR Medium Intensity Approach Light System with Runway Alignment Indicator LightsMAN ManualMAP Aeronautical maps and chartsMAP Missed Approach PointA point prescribed in each instrument approach procedure at which a missed approach procedure shall be executed if the required visual reference does not exist.MAPT Missed Approach PointMAR March; At seaMAS Missed Approach Segment; Manual Al simplex; Minimum Safety AltitudeMAT Mass, Altitude and Temperature; Maintenance Access TerminalMATF Missed approach turning fixMATO Military Air Traffic OrganizationMATS Manual of Air Traffic ServicesMATZ Military Aerodrome Traffic ZoneMAWP Missed Approach WaypointMAX MaximumMAY MayMB MillibarsMBST MicroburstMBZ Mandatory Broadcast ZoneMCA Minimum Crossing AltitudeThe lowest altitude at certain fixes at which an aircraft must cross when proceeding in the direction of a higher minimum enroute IFR altitude (MEA).MCAF Marine Corps Air FacilityMCAS Marine Corps Air StationMCC Multi Crew Co-operationMCD Main Cargo Door; Magnetic Chip DetectorMCDU Multifunction Control & Display UnitMCE Mission Control ElementMcIDAS Man Computer Interactive Data Access SystemMCL(T) Maximum Climb Thrust. Maximum rating approved for normal climbMCP Mode Control PanelMCRIT Critical Mach number.The Free Stream Mach number at which the local velocity first reaches Mach 1.0.MCR(T) Maximum Cruise Thrust. Maximum rating approved for cruising, normally slightly lower than MCL.MCT Maximum Continuous Thrust. Maximum thrust which may be used continuously and is intended only for emergency use (one engine inoperative) at the discretion of the pilot.MCT MDS Coating Technologies Corporation - develops and manufactures coatings for gas turbine enginesMCTA Military Controlled Airspace MCU Modular Concept UnitMCW Modulated continuous waveMD Design Mach number расчетное предельное число МMD Minimum DescentMDA/H Minimum Descent Altitude/Height. MDA(H) is the lowest altitude in an instrument approach procedure to which a descent is authorized on final approach or during circle-to-land maneuvering. The 'altitude' value is

typically measured by a barometric altimeter; the 'height' value (H) is typically a radio altitude equivalent height above the touchdown zone (HAT) or height above airport (HAA) published elevation. The (H) is used only for advisory reference and does not necessarily reflect actual height above underlying terrain.MDF Demonstrated flight diving Mach number, the highest actual Mach number achieved in testing

MDF Medium frequency direction-finding stationMDH Minimum descent heightMDT Mountain Daylight TimeME Multi engineMEA Minimum Enroute AltitudeThe lowest published altitude between radio fixes that meets obstacle clearance requirements between those fixes and in many countries assures acceptable navigational signal coverage. The MEA applies to the entire width of the airway, segment, or route between the radio fixes defining the airway, segment, or route.MEAS MeasurementMEC Main Engine Control (CFM56-3)MED Medium; Mean Effective Diameter (water drop. Certified icing conditions MED ≤ 50 micron. Freezing drizzle MED = 50 ÷ 300, freezing rain MED > 500 microns)MEDA Military Emergency Diversion Aerodrome, Passenger whose mobility is impaired, due to clinical cases with medical pathology in progress, being authorized to travel by medical authorities. Such passenger usually has social coverage in relation to the illness or accident in question.MEH Autopilot Minimum Engage HeightMEHT Minimum Eye Height over ThresholdLowest height over the threshold of the visual on glide path indication. It is shown when less than 60' for the upwind bar of a VASI (3 bar) system or less than 25' for all other systems including PAPI.MEIR Multi Engine Instrument RatingMEL Minimum equipment list Перечень отказов с которыми можно летать некоторое времяMEML MemorialMEMS Microelectromechanical systemsMET Meteorological; MeteorologyMETAR Routine aviation aerodrome weather reportMETRO Pilot-to-Metro Voice callMEXE Moveable VTOL platformMF Medium Frequency (300-3000KHZ)MF Mandatory FrequencyA frequency designated at selected airports that are uncontrolled during certain hours only. Aircraft operating within the designated MF Area, normally 5 NM radius of the airport, must be equipped with a functioning radio capable of maintaining two-way communications. Jeppesen charts list the MF frequency and the area when other than the standard 5 NM.MFC Maximum Mach number for stability characteristicsMFD Multifunction DisplayMFRA Minimum Flap Retraction AltitudeMFS Free Stream Мach numberMGA Minimum Grid AltitudeMGT Minimum Ground TimeMH Statute miles per hourMHA Minimum Holding AltitudeMHDF Medium and high frequency direction-finding stations (at the same location)MHRS Magnetic heading reference systemMHVDF Medium, high and very high frequency direction-finding stations (at the same location)MHZ MegahertzMI Shallow; Statute mile, Medium Intensity LightsMIA Minimum IFR AltitudeMIALS Medium Intensity Approach Light SystemMIC MicrophoneMID Middle East Region (ICAO); Mid-point (related to RVR)MIDU Multi-Input Interactive Display Unit (often used as a third cockpit CDU)MIFG Shallow fogMIL MilitaryMIL Spec USA Military SpecificationMIM MinimumMIN Minutes; Minimum

MIRL Medium Intensity Runway Edge LightsMIS Missing . . . (transmission identification) (to be used in AFS as a procedure signal)MKR Marker Radio BeaconMLG Main Landing GearMLW/M Maximum Landing Weight/Mass (structural limit)MLS Microwave Landing SystemMM Middle MarkerMMC Maintenance Material CostMMEL Master Minimum Equipment ListMMO Mach Maximum Operating(макс эксплуатационный М)MMR Multi-Mode GPS ReceiversMNM MinimumMNPS Minimum Navigation Performance SpecificationsMNT Monitor or monitoring or monitoredMNTN MaintainMNVR ManeuverMO Ministry of DefenceMOA Military Operations AreaMOB Main Operating BaseMOC Minimum obstacle clearance = 0.8% of the horizontal distance from DERMOCA Minimum Obstacle Clearance AltitudeThe lowest published altitude in effect between radio fixes on VOR airways, off airway routes, or route segments which meets obstacle clearance requirements for the entire route segment and in the USA assures acceptable navigational signal coverage only within 22 nautical miles of a VORMOD Ministry of Defence; Modify; ModificationMOD Moderate (used to indicate the intensity of weather phenomena, interference or static reports, e.g. MODRA = moderate rain)MOM Multi-Operator MessageMON Monday; Above mountains (weather)MONTR MonitorMOPS Minimum operational performance standardsMOR Mandatory Occurrence ReportMORA Minimum Off-Route Altitude (Grid or Route)This is an altitude derived by Jeppesen. The MORA provides known obstruction clearance 10 NM either side of the route centerline including a 10 NM radius beyond the radio fix reporting or mileage break defining the route segment. For terrain and man-made structure clearance refer to Grid MORA.MOTNE Meteorological Operational Telecommunications Network EuropeMOV Move; moving; movementMP Maintenance periodMPA Multi-Pilot Airplane; Maximum Power AssuranceMPC Multi Purpose ComputerMPCU Main power control unitMPH Miles Per Hour 1 mile per hour = 0.868976242 ktsMPM Meters per MinuteMPS Meters per SecondMRA Minimum Reception AltitudeMRC Maximum Range CruiseMRG Medium rangeMRJT Medium Range Jet TwinMRL Medium Intensity Runway Edge LightingMRO Maintenance, Repair and OverhaulMRP ATS/MET Reporting PointMRSA Mandatory Radar Service AreaMRTT Multi Role Tanker TransportMRU Military Reporting Unit, Mountain Rescue PointMRVA Minimum Radar Vectoring AltitudeMRW Maximum Ramp Weight.The maximum possible aircraft weight. Operation at MRW is permitted for ground handling and taxi only (structural limit).MS MinusMSA Minimum Safe Altitude

Altitude depicted on an instrument approach chart and identified as the minimum safe altitude which provides 1000 feet of obstacle clearance within a 25 NM radius from the navigational facility upon which the MSA is predicated. If the radius limit is other than 25 NM, it is stated. This altitude is for EMERGENCY USE ONLY and does not necessarily guarantee navaid reception. When the MSA is divided into sectors, with each sector a different altitude, the altitudes in these sectors are referred to as "minimum sector altitudes".MSA Minimum Sector AltitudeMSAS (to be pronounced “EM-SAS”) Multifunctional transport satellite (MTSAT) satellite-based augmentation systemMSAW Minimum Safe Altitude WarningMSD Minimum Separation DistanceMSFL Minimum Safe Flight LevelMSG MessageMSG NBR Message NumberMSL Mean Sea LevelMSN Manufacturer Serial NumberMSP Mode Select PanelMSpec Management Specification - the standard paragraphs for part 91KMSR# Message. . . (transmission identification) has been misrouted (to be used in AFS as a procedure signal)MSSR Monopulse Secondary Surveillance RadarMST Mountain Standard TimeMT Meters; Mountain; MicroturboMTA Military Training Area; Mach Trim ActuatorMTAF Mandatory Traffic Advisory Frequency MTC Minimum Terrain ClearanceMTCA Minimum Terrain Clearance AltitudeMTD Moving Target Detection; Macro textureMTI Moving Target IndicatorMTMA Military terminal control areaMTOW/M Maximum Take-off Weight/Mass (structural limit)MTRS MetersMTS Mach Trim SystemMTU Metric unitsMTW Mountain WavesMTWA Maximum Total Weight Authorized MU Designate a Friction Value Representing Runway Surface Conditions; Management UnitMUD MudMUH Minimum Use Height (для использования автопилота)MUL MulticomMUM Mu – meter (friction measuring device)MUN MunicipalMUNI MunicipalMVA Minimum Vectoring AltitudeThe lowest MSL altitude at which an IFR aircraft will be vectored by a radar controller, except as otherwise authorized for radar approaches, departures and missed approaches. The altitude meets IFR obstacle clearance criteria. It may be lower than the published MEA along an airway of J-route segment. It may be utilized for radar vectoring only upon the controller’s determination that an adequate radar return is being received from the aircraft being controlled. Charts depicting minimum vectoring altitudes are normally available only to the controllers, not to pilots.MVD Median Volumetric Diameter = MED (water drop)MVDF Medium and very high frequency direction- finding stations (at the same location)MWE Manufacturer’s Weight EmptyThe MWE consists of the weight of the structure, power plant, systems and interior provisions as defined in the Type Specification. The MWE excludes the engine oil and unusable fuel.MWO Meteorological watch officeMX Mixed type of ice formation (white and clear)MZFW/M Maximum Zero Fuel Weight/ Mass. Maximum weight allowed before usable fuel is loaded on the aircraft (structural limit).N Night; North; Northern latitudeN No distinct tendency (in RVR during previous 10 minutes)N/A Not Applicable; Not Available

N1 Low Pressure Rotor Speed (Fan speed)N1K Corrected N1= N1/√Θ2

N2 High Pressure Rotor Speed (Core speed)NA Not AuthorizedNAA National Aviation AuthoritiesNAAS Naval Auxiliary Air StationNACA National Advisory Committee for AeronauticsNADC Naval Air Development CenterNADP Noise Abatement Departure ProcedureNAEC Naval Air Engineering CenterNAEW&CF NATO Airborne Early Warning & Control ForceNAF Naval Air FacilityNALF Naval Auxiliary Landing FieldNALS No Approach Light System (HIALS, MIALS or ALS < 210 m) or no approach lights.NAM North American Region (ICAO)NAPs Noise Abatement ProceduresNAR North American RoutesNAS Naval Air Station; National Airspace System NASA National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASC National AIS system centerNAT North Atlantic Region (ICAO); North Atlantic Traffic; Northern Airborne Technology LtdNAT/OTS North Atlantic Traffic/Organized Track SystemNATL NationalNATO North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNATS National Air Traffic ServicesNAV NavigationNAVAID Navigational AidNAVAIR US Navy's Naval Air Systems CommandNAV RAD Navigation RadioNB NorthboundNBAA National Business Aviation AssociationNBFR Not beforeNBND NorthboundNC Normally Closed; No ChangeNCA Northern Control AreaNCAR National Center for Atmospheric ResearchNCD Nil Cloud Detected (used in automated METAR/SPECI)NCRP Non-Compulsory Reporting PointND Navigation Display NDB Non-Directional Radio Beacon; Navigation DatabaseNDV No directional variations available (used in automated METAR/SPECI) NE NortheastNEAN North European ADS-B NetworkNEB North-eastboundNEG No; negative; permission not granted; that is not correctNextGen Next Generation Air Transportation SystemNFLD NewfoundlandNFP Net Flight Path теоретическая траектория с градиентом набора высоты уменьшенным от реальногоNGATS Next Generation Air Transportation SystemNGO Non Government OrganizationNGT NightNIDA National Institute of Drug AbuseNIL None; I have nothing to send you; No Items ListedNLG Nose Landing GearNLL Nationaal Luchtvaart laboratorium (National Aeronautical Laboratory of the Netherlands)NLR Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium (National Aerospace Laboratory of the Netherlands)NM Nautical Mile/sNMEA National Marine Electronics AssociationNMI Nautical MileNML Normal

NMOC Network Manager Operations Centre

NMR Nautical Mile RadiusNMRS NumerousNMT Noise Monitoring TerminalNN No name, unnamedNNC Non-Normal ChecklistNNE North northeastNNW North northwestNo NumberNO Used as a suffix to other codes, meaning not available (e.g. SLPNO, RVRNO); Normally OpenNO No (negative) (to be used in AFS as a procedure signal)NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationNOF International NOTAM OfficeNOH Notified Operating HoursNoPT No Procedure TurnNo procedure turn is required nor authorizedNORM NormalNOS National Ocean ServiceNOSIG No Significant Change (used in trend-type landing forecasts)NOTAM Notice(s) to AirmenA notice distributed by means of telecommunication containing information concerning the establishment, condition or change in any aeronautical facility, service, procedure or hazard, the timely knowledge of which is essential to personnel concerned with flight operations NOTECS Non-technical skillNOTOC Notification to Captain (dangerous goods)NOV NovemberNOx a generic term for the mono-nitrogen oxides NO and NO2 NOZ Normal operating zone (parallel RW)NP North Pacific Ocean Region (ICAO)NPA Notice of Proposed Amendment; Non Precision ApproachNPPL UK National Private Pilot’s LicenseNPS Navigation Performance ScalesNPT Noel Penny TurbinesNR NumberNRH No reply heardNS Nimbostratus (a dark-coloured rain-bearing stratus cloud)NSС No Significant CloudsNSE Navigation system errorNSS Neutral Shift SensorNSW No Significant Weather (means only that previously reported precipitation or obstruction to visibility has ended)NTAP Notice to Airmen PublicationNTL NationalNTPD Normal temperature, pressure, dry, i.e. 21°C, 760 mmHg and no water vapourNTSB National Transportation Safety BoardNTZ No Transgression Zone (parallel RW) не допускаются нарушенияNVG Night Vision GogglesNVIS Night Vision Indication SystemNW NorthwestNWB Northwest boundNWC Naval Weapons CentreNWS National Weather Service; Nose Wheel SteeringNXT NextNYO Not yet operating O Omni-directionalO2 OxygenO/A On or AboutO/R On RequestO/T Other Times

OAC Oceanic Area Control CentreOANS Onboard Aircraft Navigation SystemOAS Obstacle assessment surfaceOAT Operational Air Traffic (flights are performed according to the rules and procedures that differ from ICAO rules); Outside Air TemperatureOATLOutside Air Temperature LimitOBS Omni-Directional Bearing Select (Inbound course select); Observe; Observed; ObservationOBSC Obscure(d), obscuringOBST ObstacleOBSTN ObstructionOC On Course; On ConditionOCA Obstacle Clearance Altitude, Oceanic Control AreaOCC Occulting (light); Operations Control CenterOCH Obstacle Clearance HeightOCL Obstacle (Obstruction) Clearance LimitThe height above aerodrome elevation below which the minimum prescribed vertical clearance cannot be maintained either on approach or in the event of a missed approach.OCNL Occasional (well-spread CBs); OccasionallyOCP Operator Control PanelsOCS Obstacle Clearance SurfaceOCT OctoberOCTA Oceanic Control AreaOD Operational DirectiveODALS Omni-Directional Approach Light SystemOEI One engine inoperativeOEM Original Equipment Manufacturer OEV Overboard Exhaust ValveOFDM Operational Flight Data MonitoringOFP Operational Flight PlanOFST OffsetOFZ Obstacle Free ZoneOGN Originate (to be used in AFS as a procedure signal)OGV Outlet Guide Vanes (the last stator row to carry structural load, or remove any residual swirl prior to the flow entering the downstream duct)OH OverhaulOHD OverheadOHU Overhead UnitOI Operational InformationOIS Obstacle Identification SurfaceOK We agree or It is correct (to be used in AFS as a procedure signal)OKTA Eight of sky coverOLD Operational Landing DistanceOLDI On-line data interchangeOM Outer Marker; Operations ManualOM-A General Flight Operations ManualONERA Office National d’Étudeset de R'echerches Aéronautiques (French Aeronautical Research Organization)OOOI Out of the gate; Off the ground; On the ground; In the gate (ACARS)OPA Opaque, white type of ice formationOPAS Overhead Panel ARINC 629 SystemOPC On board Performance Computer; Operations ControllerOPC Control indicated is operational control; Operational Program ConfigurationOPER OperateOPMET Operational meteorological (information)OPN Operation; open; opening; openedOPR Operator; Operating; Operational; OperativeOPS Operations; Operates; Optimal Slip RatioOps Ctr Operations ControlOpSpec Operations Specification - the standard paragraphs for parts 121, 125, 135, and 145OR Over-run (lights)

ORA Operation Risk AssessmentORD OrderORIG OriginalORP Operational Readiness PlatformOSGOver Speed GovernorOSS Over Station SensorOSV Ocean station vesselOT Other timesOTLK OutlookOTP On topOTR Oceanic Transition RouteOTS Out-of-Service; Officer Training School; Organized track systemOUBD OutboundOUTBD OutboardOUTBD DSPL Outboard DisplayOVC Overcast (8 octas (eighths) cloud coverage)OVHD OverheadOVHT OverheatOVR OverOVRD OverrideOVRN Over-runOW Over waterOWE Operating Weight Empty. OWE consists of DWE plus engine oil, unusable fuel, crew, crew equipment, passenger service items and other items required for normal operation.OXY OxygenP Paved surface; Primary Frequency; PAPI (Angle of approach); Procedure autotuningP Private Aerodrome (if in Aerodrome List); Prohibited Area (Followed by Ident Nr)P Greater than highest reportable sensor value (RVR or vis e.g. P6000FT)P . . . Maximum value of wind speed or runway visual range (followed by figures in METAR/SPECI and TAF)P0 Ambient PressureP3 Pressure differential across the engine caseP6SM Visibility greater than 6 SM (TAF only)P/N Part numberP/P Present/PositionP/S Pitot-staticPA Passenger Address; Pressure AltitudePA Precision Approach, commonly referred to as xLS (which includes ILS, MLS and GBAS)PAC Pacific Region (ICAO) PAEW Personnel and Equipment WorkingPAF Portuguese Air ForcePAJA Parachute Jumping ActivitiesPAL Pilot activated lighting PALS Precision Approach Lighting System (specify category)PANS - ATM Procedures for Air Navigation Services – Air Traffic Management (DOC 4444)PANS - OPS Procedures for Air Navigation Services – Aircraft OperationsPANS - RAC Procedures for Air Navigation ServicesPANS Procedures for Air Navigation ServicesPAPI Precision Approach Path Indicator (L or R indicates left or right side of runway only).PAPIS Precision Approach Path Indicating SystemPAR Precision Approach RadarPARA Parachute, (ing)PARL ParallelPart 25 Transport Category AirplanesPart 91 the regulations that define the operation of small non-commercial aircraft within the USPart 119 Certification: Air Carriers and Commercial OperatorsPart 121 Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental OperationsPart 125 Airplanes Having a Seating Capacity of 20 or More Passengers or a Payload Capacity of 6,000 Pounds or MorePart 135 applies to turbojet engine powered aircraft with 1-30 seats, non-transport category turbo-propeller powered aircraft with 10-19 seats, and transport category turbo props with 20-30 seats.

PASI Passive Approach Slope IndicatorPASS PassengerPAT PatternPATC . . . Precision approach terrain chart (followed by name/title)PAX PassengersPAX F First ClassPAX C Club/BusinessPAX Y EconomyPB/PB Place Bearing/Place BearingPBD Place/Bearing/DistancePBE Protective Breathing EquipmentPBH Passenger and Baggage Handling manualPBN Performance Based NavigationPC Pilot ControlledPCA Pre-Conditioned Air supplyPCD Proceed or proceedingPCL Pilot Controlled Lighting Radio control of lighting is available at selected airports to provide airborne control of lights by keying the aircraft's microphone. The control system consists of a 3-step control responsive to 7, 5, and/or 3 microphone clicks. The 3-step and 2-step lighting facilities can be altered in intensity. All lighting is illuminated for a period of 15 minutes (except for 1-step and 2-step REILs which may be turned off by keying the mike 5 or 3 times, respectively). Suggested use is to always initially key the mike 7 times; this assures that all controlled lights are turned on to the maximum available intensity. If desired, adjustment can then be made, where the capability is provided, to a lower intensity (or the REIL turned off) by keying the mike 5 and/or three times. Approved lighting systems may be activated by keying the mike as indicated below Due to the close proximity of airports using the same frequency, radio controlled lighting receivers may be set at a low sensitivity requiring the aircraft to be relatively close to activate the system. Consequently, even when lights are on, always key mike as directed when overflying an airport of intended landing or just prior to entering the final segment of an approach. This will assure the aircraft is close enough to activate the system and a full 15 minutes lighting duration is available.PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card Industry AssociationPCN Pavement Classification NumberPCOA Probable Cause of Accident (human factor, technical, weather/environment)PCS Propulsion Control SystemPCU Power control unitPCZ Positive Control ZonePDA Premature Descent AlertPDC Pre-Departure Clearance. An automated Clearance Delivery system relaying ATC departure clearances from the FAA to the user network computer for subsequent delivery to the cockpit via ACARS (Airline/Aviation VHF data link) where aircraft are appropriately equipped, or to gate printers for pilot pickup.PDG Procedure design gradientPDP Planned Descent PointPDP Predetermined decision point. Usable fuel remaining at the PDP is at least of: (trip fuel + contingency fuel) from the PDP to the destination + additional fuel to fly 2 hours at cruising level above the destinationPDR Pre-determined routing; Procedure design gradientPDS Pre-Departure Sequencing (A-CDM); Primary Display SystemPDT Pacific Daylight TimePE Ice pellets ледяной дождьPEC Pressure Error CorrectionPED Portable Electronic DevicePEM Performance Engineer’s Manual; Meat and meat products (cargo)PEP Fruits and vegetables (cargo)PER PerformancePERF PerformancePERF INIT Performance InitializationPERM PermanentPERMLY PermanentlyPES Fish and seafood (cargo)PET Point of Equal Time

PETC Pets in cabinPF Pilot FlyingPFC Primary Flight Computers; Porous Friction Course (покрытие ВПП, улучшающее сцепление)PFCU Power Flying Control UnitPFD Primary Flight DisplayPFR Permitted flying route PFSV Pilot-to-Forecaster ServicePG Packing GroupPH Public Holidays PHT Precision Hose Technology (технология гибких трубопроводов)PI Packing Instruction; Procedure turn to an InterceptPIB Pre-flight Information BulletinPIC Pilot in CommandPinS Point-in-Space ApproachPIO Pilot Induced OscillationPIREP Pilot Report. UA or UUA used to identify the PIREP as routine (UA) or urgent (UUA)PISTON Piston AircraftPJE Parachute Jumping ExercisePKWND Peak windPL Payload; Ice pellets (METAR); Precautionary LandingPLA Practice Low Approach; Power Lever Angle (CFM56-3)PLASI Pulsating Light Approach Slope Indicator, normally a single light unit projecting two colors. (L or R indicates left or right side of runway only).PLI Pulse Light Approach Slope Indicator; Pitch Limit IndicationPLN Flight PlanPLVL Present levelPLW Plow снегоочиститель; Plowed; Performance Limited WeightPM Pilot MonitoringPMC Power Management Control (CFM56-3)PMDG Precision Manuals Development Group (flight simulation company)PMI Preventive Maintenance IntervalPMP Provost Marshal Prohibited AreaPMR Provost Marshal Restricted AreaPMSV Pilot-to-Metro ServicePN Prior Notice RequiredPNF Pilot Non-FlyingPNL PanelPNO Precipitation amount not availablePNR Prior Notice Required; Point of no returnPNY Portuguese NavyPO Well developed dust or sand whirls (dust devils)POA Plain Old ACARS; Phase of Accident (phases of a flight)POB Persons on boardPOFZ Precision Obstacle Free ZonePOH Pilot Operating HandbookPOI Principal Operations InspectorPOL Petrol, Oil & LubricantsPOS PositionPOS INIT Position InitializationPOSN PositionPOSS PossiblePPI Plan Position IndicatorPPL Private Pilot LicensePPO Prior Permission OnlyPPOS Present PositionPPR Particular Packing Requirement; Prior Permission RequiredPPSN Present positionPR Partial; Ply Rating (tire identifier) is an older method to determine the load carrying capacity of tires.PRA Precision Radar ApproachPRED Predict

PRESFR Pressure falling rapidlyPRESRR Pressure rising rapidlyPREV PreviousPRF Pulse Repetition Rate (частота повторения)PRFG Aerodrome partially covered by fogPRI PrimaryPRIRA Primary RadarPRKG ParkingPRM Precision Radar (Runway) Monitor; Person with Reduced MobilityP-RNAV Precision Area NavigationPROB Probability (followed by two-digit percentage)PROB30 Probability 30 percentPROC ProcedurePROP Propeller AircraftPROV ProvisionalPROX ProximityPRP Point-in-space reference pointPS PlusPS12 Fan inlet static air pressure (CFM56-3)PS3 Compressor discharge static pressure = CDP (CFM56-3)PS PlusPSEU Proximity Switch Electronics UnitPSG PassingPSGR Passenger/sPSH Preselected Headingpsi Pounds per square inchPSN PositionPSP Pierced Steel PlankingPSR Packed Snow on Runway/s; Primary surveillance radarPST Pacific Standard TimePSYS Pressure system(s)PT Part Time; Point; Pint; Public TransportPT Procedure TurnThe maneuver prescribed when it is necessary to reverse direction to establish an aircraft on the intermediate approach segment or final approach course. The outbound course, direction of turn, distance within which the turn must be completed, and minimum altitude are specified in the procedure. However, unless otherwise restricted, the point at which the turn may be commenced and the type and rate of turn are at the discretion of the pilot.PT25 High pressure compressor inlet total pressurePTD Pilot to DispatcherPTH PathPTN Procedure TurnPTS Polar track structurePTT Push To TalkPUAG Purpose Use Arrestor GearPVI Program Validation InspectionsPVT Private OperatorPVT Position, Velocity and Time (GBAS vector output)PW Pratt & WhitneyPWINO Precipitation identifier sensor not availablePWR PowerPWS Predictive Windshear SystemPxxxx In METAR RMK = xx.xx inch (water equivalent) of precipitation in previous hourPY SprayQ Dynamic pressureQ/STOL Quiet Short Takeoff and LandingQA Quality Assurance QAI Quick Action Index (Boeing QRH)QAR Quick Access Recorder

QBB – уточнение высоты нижней границы облаков или вертикальной видимости (ВНГО указывается в метрах с округлением в сторону уменьшения до величины, кратной 10). Пример: QBB080 означает, что измеренная ВНГО лежит в диапазоне 80 – 90 м, в то время как информация в основной части сводки BKN002 для этого случая более груба – допускает, что ВНГО лежит в диапазоне 60 – 90 мQCS Quiet climb systemQD Do you intend to ask me for a series of bearings? or I intend to ask you for a series of bearings (to be used in radiotelegraphy as a Q Code)QDM Magnetic heading (to Facility)(zero wing)QDR Magnetic bearing (from Facility)QEC Quick Engine ChangeQFE Height above airport elevation (or runway threshold elevation) based on local station pressureQFF Barometric pressure at a place, reduced to MSL using the actual temperature at the time of observation as the mean temperatureQFU Magnetic Orientation of RunwayQGE What is my distance to your station? or Your distance to my station is (distance figures and units) (to be used in radiotelegraphy as a Q Code)QGH Ground interpreted letdown procedure using DF equipmentQJH Shall I run my test tape/a test sentence? Or Run your test tape/a test sentence (to be used in AFS as a Q Code)QM Quality ManagerQNE Altimeter setting 29.92 inches of mercury, 1013.2 hectopascals or 1013.2 millibars.QNH Altitude above mean sea level based on local station pressure.QPS qualification performance standardQRH Quick Reference HandbookQSP Will you relay to . . . free of charge? or I will relay to . . . free of charge (to be used in AFS as a Q Code)QT QuartQTA Shall I cancel telegram number . . . ? Or Cancel telegram number . . . (to be used in AFS as a Q Code)QTE True bearingQTF Will you give me the position of my station according to the bearings taken by the D/F stations which you control? or The position of your station according to the bearings taken by the D/F stations that I control was . . . latitude . . . longitude (or other indication of position), class . . . at . . . hours (to be used in radiotelegraphy as a Q Code)QUAD QuadrantQUJ Will you indicate the TRUE track to reach you? or The TRUE track to reach me is . . . degrees at . . . hours (to be used in radiotelegraphy as a Q Code)R Radial (Magnetic Course measured from a VOR station. Flight can be inbound or outbound on this line.)R Red; Restricted Area (Followed by identification) R Rate of turn; Runway lighting; Right; Right crosswind; Route autotuning. . . R Right (preceded by runway designation number to identify a parallel runway) R. . . Runway (followed by figures in METAR/SPECI)R Received (acknowledgement of receipt) (to be used in AFS as a procedure signal)R/A Radio Altimeter System; Radio AltitudeR/C Rate-of-ClimbR/T RadiotelephonyR/W RunwayRA Resolution Advisory (TCAS); Radio Altimeter; Rain; Radio AltitudeRAAF Royal Australian Air ForceRAAS Runway Awareness Advisory SystemRAB Rain Began @ HHMM (RAB 1421) or as Min past hour (RAB 21) [METAR]RAC Rules of the air and air traffic servicesRad Alt Radio AltimeterRAD Radar; Route Availability Document; RadioRADAT Radiosonde observation addl data (RADAT 87045 = 87 % RH at frzg level of 4500 MSL)RADHAZ Radiation HazardRADNET Radar Data Distribution NetworkRAE Risk Analysis Event; Rain Ended @ HHMM (RAE 1433) or as Min past hour (RAE 33) [METAR]RAeS Royal Aeronautical SocietyRAG Runway arresting gear; RaggedRAI Runway Alignment IndicatorRAIL Runway Alignment Indicator Lights

Sequenced Flashing Lights which are installed only in combination with other light systemsRAIM Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring Is a function that considers the availability of satisfactory signal integrity broadcasted from the particular GPS satellites used during a given flight. Onboard GPS navigators accomplish this automatically as the aircraft proceeds along its route. When insufficient signal integrity is detected an alarm is provided to the flightcrew. Using the predictive RAIM software flightcrews and dispatchers know in advance whether or not suitable GPS navigation will be available throughout the flight. This predictive information may also be determined during flight planning by contacting an FAA Flight Service Station.RAL Research Applications LaboratoryRAM Random Access MemoryRAMCC Regional air movement coordination (control) centerRAP Risk Analysis ProcessRAPCON Radar Approach ControlRAPID Rapid(ly)RAS Radar Advisory ServiceRASA Radar Advisory Service AreaRASC Regional AIS system centreRASN Rain and snowRASS Remote altimeter setting sourceRAT Ram air turbine воздушная турбинаRAVL Racal avionics limitedRB Rescue boatRBF Read-Before-FlightRC Radar CorridorRCA Reach cruising altitude RCAG Remote Communications Air/Ground FacilityRCAM Runway Condition Assessment MatrixRCC Rescue Coordination CenterRCCB Remote Control Circuit BreakerRCD Request for Departure Clearance DownlinkRCF Radio Communication Failure (message type designator); Reduced Contingency Fuel (procedure)RCH Reach or reachingRCL Cryogenic Liquid; Deeply Refrigerated Gas; Runway Centre Line; RecallRCLL Runway Centre Line LightsRCLM Runway Centre Line MarkingsRCLR ReclearedRCLS Runway Centreline Light SystemRCM Corrosive MaterialRCO Remote Communication OutletIs used to contact an ARTCC or an AFSS after landingRCP Required communication performanceRCR Runway Condition ReadingRCV ReceiveRCVR ReceiverRCX Explosives 1.3CRD RedRDAF Royal Danish Air ForceRDH Reference Datum Height (for ILS)RDL RadialRDMI Radio Distance Magnetic IndicatorRDO RadioRDP Radar Descent PointRDR RadarREA message Ready to departRE Recent (used to qualify weather phenomena, e.g. RERA = recent rain)REC Receive; Receiver; RecorderRECIRC RecirculationRECMD RecommendedREDL Runway Edge LightsREF Reference to; Refer to

REG RegistrationREIL Runway End Identification Lights (a pair of synchronized flashing lights installed at the runway threshold, one on each side. They enhance identification of a runway surrounded by other lights or lacking contrast with the surrounding terrain, as well as reduced visibility.)RELCTD RelocatedRENL Runway End LightsREP Report; Reporting; Reporting Point; Ramp Entrance PointREQ Request(ed)RERTE Re-routeRESA Runway End Safety AreaRESTR RestrictionRET Rapid Exit Taxiway; RetractRETIL Rapid Exit Taxiway Indicator LightsREX Explosives 1.1; 1.2; 1.3; 1.4F; 1.5 and 1.6RF Reference; RefillRF Radius to FixLeg is defined as a constant radius circular path around a defined turn center that terminates at a fixRFCF Runway Field Clearance FloorRFF Rescue Fire Fighting (ICAO) (number denotes category) RFG Flammable GasRFL Flammable Liquid, Refill (долить)RFP request for proposalRFS Flammable SolidRFT Runway friction tester (friction measuring device)RFW Dangerous When WetRG Range (lights)RGX Explosives 1.3GRH Right hand; Relative HumidityRHAG Rotary Hydraulic Arrestor GearRHC Right Hand CircuitRIAP Revised Instrument Approach ProceduresRIF Reclearance in flightRILS Runway Identification LightsRIME Rime (used in aerodrome warnings)R INBD Right InboardRIS Infections Substance; Radar Information ServiceRITE Right (direction of turn)RL Low Intensity Runway Lights or intensity not specified; Report leavingRLA Relay toRLCE Request Level Change En-RouteRLD Rijksluchtvaartdienst (Government Department of Civil Aviation of the Netherlands)RLG Relief Landing GroundRLLS Runway Lead-In Lighting SystemRLNA Request level not availableRM Route ManualRMCA Runway Monitoring and Conflict AlertingFunctionality - contributes to operations by preventing hazards/incidents resulting from Controller, Flight Crew or Vehicle Driver operational errors or deviations.RMCDE Radar Message Conversion and Distribution EquipmentRMD Miscellaneous Dangerous GoodsRMDR RemainderRMI Radio magnetic indicatorRMK RemarkRMS ILS Equivalent (non ICAO)RMT Remaining TimeRN Royal NavyRNAS Royal Naval Air Service/StationRNAV (to be pronounced “AR-NAV”) Area Navigation

A method of navigation, which permits aircraft operation on any desired flightpath within the coverage of ground- or space-based Navigational Aids, within the limits of the capability of self-contained aids, or a combination of these. RNAV (RNP) approach = a Required Navigation Performance Authorization Required (RNP AR) = Special Aircraft & Aircrew Authorization Required (SAAAR)RNG Non-flammable Non-toxic GasRNG Range; Radio rangeRNLAF Royal Netherlands Air ForceRNLAS Royal Netherlands Naval Air ServiceRNoAF Royal Norwegian Air ForceRNP Required Navigation Performance. RNP is a statement of the 95 percent navigation accuracy performance that meets a specified value for a particular phase of flight or flight segment and incorporates associated onboard performance-monitoring and alerting features to notify the pilot when the RNP for a particular phase or segment of a flight is not being met. RNP AR Area Navigation Required Navigation Performance instrument approach procedures with Authorization Required = SAAAR Special Aircraft and Aircrew Authorization Required = RNAV (RNP) approach. RNP AR approaches include unique capabilities that require special aircraft and aircrew authorization similar to Category II/III instrument landing system operations.RNPC Required Navigation Performance CapabilityRNWY RunwayRNZAF Royal New Zealand Air ForceROBEX Regional OPMET bulletin exchange (scheme)ROC Rate of Climb; Required Obstacle ClearanceROD Rate of DescentROFA Runway Object Free AreaROM Read Only MemoryRON Remain Overnight; Receiving onlyROP Organic PeroxideROPS Runway Overrun Prevention SystemROR Record of RevisionsROX OxidizerRPB Toxic substanceRPDS Reference path data selectorRPG Toxic gasRPI Runway Point of Interception; Radar position indicatorRPL Representative (Repetitive) Flight PlanRPLC Replace or replacedRPM Revolutions per MinuteRPR Rudder Pressure ReducerRPRT ReportRPS Regional Pressure Setting; Radar position symbolRPT Regular Public TransportRPT Repeat or I repeat (to be used in AFS as a procedure signal)RPV Remotely Piloted VehicleRPZ Runway Protection ZoneRQ Request (to be used in AFS as a procedure signal)RQMNTS RequirementsRQP Request flight plan (message type designator)RQR (D)Require(d)RQS Request supplementary flight plan (message type designator)RR Rolls Royce; Report reachingRRA (or RRB, RRC . . . etc., in sequence) Delayed meteorological message (message type designator)RRL Runway Remaining LightsRRSM Reduced Runway Separation MinimumsRRW Radioactive Material Category -WhiteRRWDS Radar remote weather display systemRRY Radioactive Material Category -YellowRSA Runway Safety AreaRSAF Royal Swedish Air ForceRSB Polymeric Beads or Granules

RSC Spontaneously Combustible; Runway Surface Condition (Report); Rescue sub-centreRSCD Runway surface conditionRSCS Runway Surface Condition SensorRSEP Rudder System Enhancement ProgramRSL Rijks-Studiedienstvoor de Luchtvaart (Government Service for Aeronautical Studies of the Netherlands)RSP Responder beaconRSR Route Surveillance RadarRSS Root sum squareRST ResetRSTCD RestrictedRSVN ReservationRT Right Turn After Take-off; RetirementRTA Required Time of ArrivalRTCA Radio Technical Commission for AeronauticsRTCM Radio Technical Commission for Maritime ServicesRTD Delayed (used to indicate delayed meteorological message; message type designator)RTE RouteRTF RadiotelephoneRTG Radio TelegraphyRTHL Runway Threshold LightsRTN Return or returned or returningRTO Rejected Take-Off; Refused TakeoffRTODAH Rejected take-off distance available, helicopterRTOW/M Regulated Take-Off Weight/MassRTP Radio Tuning PanelRTR Radar Termination Range; Remote Transmitter/ReceiverRTS Return to ServiceRTSD Range to Target Speed DotRTT Radio TeletypewriterRTZL Runway touchdown zone light(s)RUD RudderRUF RoughRUT Standard regional route transmitting frequenciesRV Rescue vesselRVA Radar Vectoring AreaRVR Runway Visual RangeAn instrumentally derived value, based on standard calibrations, that represents the horizontal distance a pilot will see down the runway from the approach end; it is based on the sighting of either high intensity runway lights or on the visual contrast of other targets whichever yields the greater visual range. RVR, in contrast to prevailing or runway visibility, is based on what a pilot in a moving aircraft should see looking down the runway. RVR is horizontal visual range, not slant visual range. It is based on the measurement of a transmissometer made near the touchdown point of the instrument runway and is reported in hundreds of feet. RVR is used in lieu of RVV and/or prevailing visibility in determining minimums for a particular runway.RVRM RVR MidpointRVRNO RVR not available (ASOS)RVRR RVR RolloutRVRT RVR TouchdownRVSM Reduced Vertical Separation MinimumA reduction in the vertical separation between flight levels 290 - 410 from 2000 to 1000 feet.RVV Runway Visibility ValuesThe visibility determined for a particular runway by a transmissometer. A meter provides a continuous indication of the visibility (reported in miles or fractions of miles) for the runway. RVV is used in lieu of prevailing visibility in determining minimums for a particular runway. Reported in statute miles (SM)RW RunwayRWD Right wing downRWS Reactive Windshear System; Runway Analysis SoftwareRWY RunwayRWYCC Runway Condition CodeRX Receive Only; Receiver; Runway extension fixRXB Explosives 1.4B

RXC Explosives 1.4CRXD Explosives 1.4DRXE Explosives 1.4ERXG Explosives 1.4GRXS Explosives 1.4SRY RunwayS South or Southern; Strobes (lighting of threshold); Standard VASI; Aerodynamic reference wing areaS Summer Time; Supplementary (frequency); Economy class (passenger cabin)S . . . State of the sea (followed by figures in METAR/SPECI)S+ Added valueS- Subtracted valueS&C Stability & ControlS/B SpeedbrakeS/C Speed Command; Step ClimbS/N Serial NumberSA Sandstorm; SandSAA State Aviation AdministrationSAAAR Special Aircraft and Aircrew Authorization Required = RNAV (RNP) approach = a Required Navigation Performance Authorization Required (RNP AR)SAAB Svenska Aeroplan AktiebolagetSAARU Secondary Attitude Air data Reference UnitSAC Single annular combustor (engines)SAE Society of Automotive EngineersSAFA Safety Assessment of Foreign AircraftSAFO Safety Alert For OperatorsSALS Short Approach Lighting SystemSALSF Short Approach Light System with Sequenced Flashing LightsSAM/SAT South America/South Atlantic (ICAO)SAN SanitarySAND SandstormSAp Stabilized ApproachSAP As soon as possibleSAR Search and Rescue; Synthetic Aperture RadarSARPS International Standards and Recommended PracticesSARSAT Search and Rescue Satellite Tracking SystemSAS Stability Augmentation System; Scandinavian Airlines SystemSASS-C Surveillance Analysis Support System CentreSAT Saturday; Static Air TemperatureSATCOM Satellite CommunicationSAVASI Simplified Abbreviated Visual Approach Slope IndicatorSAWRS Supplementary Aviation Weather Reporting StationSB SouthboundSBAS (to be pronounced “ESS-BAS”) Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems (GNSS). SBAS sensor accuracy is better than 2 metersSBND SouthboundSBY StandbySC Stratocumulus (a uniform stretch of cloud containing dark grey globular masses)SCA Southern Control AreaSCHED ScheduleSCOB Scattered Clouds or BetterSCSL Stratocumulus standing lenticular (чечевицеобразный) cloudSCT Scattered (3 to 4 octas (eighths) cloud coverage)SD Sodium (colour натрий); System Display; Spatial Disorientation; Standard deviationSDBY StandbySDF Simplified Directional Facility (USA) – менее точный аналог курсового маяка ILS; Step-Down FixSDRs Special Drawing RightsSE SoutheastSEA South East Asia Region (ICAO)SEA Sea (used in connection with sea-surface temperature and state of the sea)SEB South-eastbound

SEC Second; SectionSECN SectionSECRA Secondary RadarSECT Sector; SectionSEL SelectSELCAL Selective Calling System. A system which permits the selective calling of individual aircraft over radiotelephone channels linking a ground station with the aircraft.SEL CAS Selected CASSEL MACH Selected MachSEP September; Specific Excess Power; Single Engine Plane; Single Engine PistonSER Service, servicing, servedSERA Standardized European Rules of the AirSESAR Single European Sky Air Traffic Management Research ProgrammeSEV Severe (used e.g. to qualify icing and turbulence reports)SFC Surface of the earth (either land or water); Specific Fuel ConsumptionSFCC Slat/Flap Control ComputerSFE Synthetic Flight ExaminerSFH Surface friction tester (high pressure tire) (friction measuring device)SFI Synthetic Flight InstructorSFL Sequenced Flashing Lights; Surface friction tester (low pressure tire) (friction measuring device)SFL-V Sequenced Flashing Lights(S)-Variable Light IntensitySFP Short Field PerformanceSG Snow grains; Symbol GeneratorSGL SignalSH ShowersSHF Super High Frequency (3000-30000MHZ) SHP Shaft Horse Power. Turboshaft engines are rated in shaft horsepower and calculated by use of a dynamometer device. Shaft horsepower is exhaust thrust converted to a rotating shaft.SHWR ShowerSI Straight-in Approach; Supplementary information (Loadsheet)SI International system of unitsSIAPs Standard Instrument Approach ProceduresSIB Safety Information BulletinSID Standard Instrument DepartureSIF Selective Identification FeatureSIGMET Information concerning enroute weather phenomena, which may effect the safety of aircraft operationsSIMUL SimultaneousSIR Packed or Compacted Snow and Ice on Runway/sSITA Society International Telecommunications AeronauticsSIWL Single Isolated Wheel LoadSKC Sky clear (0 oktas)SKD Scheduled; SkiddometerSKE Station Keeping EquipmentSKED Schedule(d)SKH Skiddometer (high pressure tire) (friction measuring device)SKL Skiddometer (low pressure tire) (friction measuring device)SL Sea LevelSLD Super-cooled Large Droplet. In SLD conditions the icing formation, because of larger water droplet inertia, involves a wider airfoil area, which often extends beyond that commonly, protected by de-icing systems.SLFPM Sea Level Feet Per MinuteSLOATL Sea Level Outside Air Temperature LimitSLP Sea level pressure например: SLP041 -1004.1 mb; SLP 986 - 998.6 mb; Speed Limiting PointSLPNO Sea-level pressure not availableSLR Slush on Runway/sSLS Side-lobe Suppression (подавление боковых лепестков); Sea Level StandardsSLW SlowSM Statute MilesSMA Segment Minimum Altitude

An altitude that provides minimum obstacle clearance in each segment of a non-precision approach. Segment minimum altitudes can be considered "do not descend below" altitudes and can be lower than procedure altitudes which are specifically developed to facilitate a constant rate or stabilized descent.SMC Surface Movement Control; Stall Management ComputerSMD Smart Multifunction DisplaySMGCS Surface Movement Guidance and Control SystemProvisions for guidance and control or regulation for facilities, information, and advice necessary for pilots of aircraft and drivers of ground vehicles to find their way on the airport during low visibility operations and to keep the aircraft or vehicles on the surfaces or within the areas intended for their use. Low visibility operations for this system means reported conditions of RVR 1200 or less.SMK SmokeSMO Supplementary meteorological officeSMR Surface Movement RadarSMS Safety Management SystemSMSA Segment Minimum Safe Altitude An altitude that provides minimum obstacle clearance in each segment of a non-precision approach. Segment minimum safe altitudes can be considered "do not descend below" altitudes and can be lower than procedure altitudes which are specifically developed to facilitate a constant rate or stabilized descent.SMYD Stall Management Yaw Damper computerSN SnowSNBNK Snowbank/s Caused by PlowingSND Sand/SandedSNGL SingleSNOCLO Closed by SnowSNOWTAM NOTAM notifying the presence or removal or hazardous conditions due to snow, ice or slush on the movement areaSNSR SensorSNW SnowSOBT Scheduled Off-Block Time is that time relating to APT slot (A-CDM)SOC Start of ClimbSOCOM US Special Operations CommandSODALS Simplified Omnidirectional Approach Lighting SystemSOP Standard Operating ProceduresSOV Shutoff ValveSP South Pacific Ocean Region (ICAO); Special Provision; SpaceSPA Single Pilot AeroplaneSPAR Slight Precision Approach Radar (Equipment Mobile)SPD Ground Speed; SpeedSPDBK SpeedbrakeSPD RESTR Speed RestrictionSPDS SpeedsSPECI Special Report Amending a METARSPI Special Position Identification PulseSPL Supplementary flight plan (message type designator)SPLR SpoilerSPM Surface Position MonitorSPO System Panel OperatorSPS Stall Protection System, may be required if stall characteristics do not meet all certification requirements.SPS Standard Positioning System (GPS)SQ SquallSQ FT Square FeetSR SunriseSRA Special Rules Area, Surveillance Radar ApproachSRE Surveillance Radar ElementSREM Surveillance Radar Element Medium rangeSRFC SurfaceSRG Safety Regulation GroupSRS Speed Reference SystemSR-SS Sunrise-SunsetSRY Secondary

SRZ Special Rules ZoneSS Sand storm; Sunset; Stick ShakerSSA Sector Safe Altitude; System Safety AssessmentSSALF Simplified Short Approach Light System with Sequenced Flashing LightsSSALR Simplified Short Approach Light System with Runway Alignment Indicator LightsSSALS Simplified Short ApproachLightSystemSSB Single Side-bandSSICA Stick Sensor and Interface Control AssemblySSM System Schematic ManualSSR Secondary Surveillance Radar; Special Service Requests (IATA)SST Supersonic TransportST Stratus (a grey layer cloud) слоистыеSTA StationSTAB StabilizerStall ID Stall IdentificationSTAR Standard Terminal Arrival RouteSTAT StatusSTBY StandbySTC Supplemental Type CertificateSTCR Passenger who can only be transported on a stretcher. Such passenger may or may not have social protection or specific insurance.STD Standard; Standard Time; Indication of an altimeter set to 1013.2 Mb without temperature correction; Synthetic Training Device (flight simulator)STDMA Self-organising Time Division Multiple AccessSTF Stratiform слоистая форма облаковST-IN Straight-inSTNR StationarySTM Stabilizer Trim MotorSTMP Special Traffic Management ProgramSTN StationSTOL Short Take-off and LandingSTOVL Short Take-off and Vertical LandingSTPD Standard Temperature, Pressure, Dry, i.e. 0°C, 760 mmHg and no water vapourSTR Steer toSTS Speed Trim SystemSTW Slot Tolerance WindowSTWL Stopway LightsSUB Subject toSUN SundaySUP Supplement (AIP Supplement)SUPPS Regional Supplementary Procedures (published in ICAO DOC 7030)SVC ServiceSVCBL ServiceableSVFR Special Visual Flight RulesA sub category of VFR flight. Permission to operate under Special VFR within a Control Zone, in meteorological conditions not meeting VMC minima, is given to a flight by means of an Air Traffic Control clearance. Such traffic is effectively also Controlled VFR.SVS Synthetic Vision SystemSVSE Special Vehicle Systems EngineeringSW Southwest; Single Wheel Landing Gear; SwitchSWAP Severe Weather Avoidance PlanSWC Stall Warning ComputerSWEPT Swept; Broom (ed)SWS Stall Warning SystemSWY Stopway - SWY is an area beyond the runway, no less wide than the width of the runway and centrally located about the extended center line of the runway. A stopway must be able to support the airplane during a rejected take-off without causing structural damage to the airplane.SX Simplex operationsSYS SystemT Sometimes used in place of TO (see below)

T Terrain clearance altitude (MOCA); Transmits only (radio frequencies); Temperature; TrueT Threshold lighting; Trend landing forecast; ‘T’ type (angle of approach); Track; TailwindT12 Fan inlet total temperature (electrical) (CFM56-3)T2 Fan inlet temperature (hydromechanical) (CFM56-3)T25 HP compressor inlet air temperature = CIT (CFM56-3)T2CAS is the safety avionics system combines actual aircraft climb performance-based Terrain Awareness Warning System capabilities into the TCAS 2000T3 High pressure compressor discharge total temperatureT4 Turbine inlet temperatureT49,5 Low pressure turbine 2 stage inlet total temperature = EGTT5 Low pressure turbine discharge total temperatureT/C Top of ClimbT/D Top of DescentT/O Take-offT/WIND TailwindT° Degrees TrueTA Traffic Advisory (TCAS); Transition Altitude, Terrain AwarenessTAA Terminal Arrival Area (FAA); Terminal Area Altitude (ICAO)TAA Terminal Arrival Altitude - provide a transition from the enroute structure to an RNAV approach procedureTAC Thrust Asymmetry CompensationTAC, TACAN Tactical Air Navigation Equipment TAD Terrain Alerting and DisplayTAF Terminal Aerodrome Forecast; Terminal Area ForecastTAG Trans-cockpit Authority Gradient отношения в экипаже (CRM)TAI Thermal Anti-IcingTAIL Tail windTALPA Take-off and Landing Performance AssessmentTAP Terminal Approach Procedure; Tapley meter (friction measuring device)TAPLEY Tapley runway friction coefficientTAR Terminal Area Surveillance RadarTAS True Airspeed; Traffic Advisory System, Traffic Avoidance SystemTAT Total air temperatureTAWS Terrain Awareness and Warning SystemTBD To be determinedTBN To be notifiedTBV Transient Bleed ValveTC Terminal Chart; Teledyne ContinentalTC1 Turbine Clearance Control 5th Stage (CFM56-3)TC2 Turbine Clearance Control 9th Stage (CFM56-3)TC3 Turbine Clearance Control Timer Signal (CFM56-3)TCA Terminal Control Area, Trainer Cargo AircraftTCAC Tropical Cyclone Advisory CentreTCAS Traffic Collision Avoidance SystemTCAS I - a TCAS that utilizes interrogations of, and replies from, airborne radar beacon transponders and provides traffic advisories to the pilot.

TCAS II - a TCAS that utilizes interrogations of, and replies from airborne radar beacon transponders and provides traffic advisories and resolution advisories in the vertical plane.

TCAS III - a TCAS that utilizes interrogation of, and replies from, airborne radar beacon transponders and provides traffic advisories and resolution advisories in the vertical and horizontal planes to the pilot.TCF Terrain Clearance FloorTCH Threshold Crossing Height - Height of the effective visual glide path over the threshold. It is shown when less than 60' for the upwind bar of a VASI (3 bar) system or less than 25' for all other systems including PAPI.TCTA Transcontinental Control AreaTCU Towering cumulusTD Touchdown; Training Department; Time DelayTDO TornadoTDP Take-off Decision Point (rotorcraft)

TDU Terrain Display UnitTDWR Terminal Doppler Weather RadarTDZ Touchdown Zone lightsTDZE Touchdown Zone ElevationThe highest elevation in the first 3000 feet of the landing surface.TDZL Touchdown Zone LightsTE Trailing EdgeTECR TEChnical ReasonTEL TelephoneTEMP Temperature; Temporary; TemporarilyTEMPO Temporary changes expected (between 2 digit beginning hour and 2 digit ending hour)TEND Trend or tending toTERPS Terminal instrument Procedures (USA)TERR TerrainTF Track to Fix - leg is intercepted and acquired as the flight track to the following waypoint. Sometimes it is called point-to-point legTFC TrafficTFR Temporary Flight Restriction; TransferTGB Transfer GearboxTGL Touch and Go Landings; Temporary Guidance Leaflet (published by JAA)TGT TargetTh ThursdayTHN ThinTHR Threshold; Through; ThrustTHR HOLD Throttle HoldTHR REF Thrust ReferenceTHRU ThroughThu ThursdayTI Transport Index is a single number assigned to a package, overpack or freight container used to provide control over radiation exposure.TIBA Traffic information broadcasts by AircraftTIBS Telephone Information Briefing Service - provides continuous telephone recordings of meteorological and aeronautical information, area and route briefings, as well as airspace procedures and special announcements, if applicable.TIL UntilTIPS Transatlantic Industrial Proposed SolutionTIS Traffic Information SystemTIZ Traffic Information ZoneTK TrackTKOF Take-offTL Transition level; Textron Lycoming; Till (weather)TLB Technical Log BookTLD Tailored (customized) PagesTLKDWN TalkdownTLOF Touchdown and lift-off areaConsists of a load-bearing area on which a helicopter may touch down or lift off.TM Training Manual; TurbomecaTMA Terminal Control AreaTMC Thrust Management ComputerTMC Torque Motor Current (CFM56-3)TMCF Thrust Management Control FunctionTMF Thrust Management FunctionTMG Touring Motor GliderTMI Track Message Identification (indicator)TML TerminalTMN TerminatesTMPA Traffic Management Program AlertTMPRY TemporaryTMZ Transponder Mandatory ZoneTNA Transition Area

TO Used in remarks to give temperature to the nearest tenth of a degree, followed by two groups of four digits. In each group, the first digit is either a zero (above freezing) or a 1 (below freezing), and the other three digits give the temperature value in Celsius. Example TO00311074 - temperature +3.1 C, dew point -7.4 CTO Takeoff; Takeoff thrust – maximum thrust available for takeoffTO/GA Takeoff /Go-aroundTOGA Takeoff/Go-AroundTOGW Takeoff Gross WeightTOBT Target Off-Block Time - the time that an aircraft operator or ground handler estimates that an aircraft will be ready, all doors closed, boarding bridge removed, push-back vehicle available and ready to start-up / push-back immediately upon reception of clearance from the Tower. TOBT is the translation by A-CDM system of the ED. TOC Top of Climb; Table of ContentsTOD Take-off Distance; Top of DescentTOD AEO Take-off Distance all engine operating, extends from brake release to the point where the aircraft reaches the screen height (35 ft above the runway)TODA Take-off Distance AvailableThe length of the takeoff run available plus the length of the clear way, if providedTOD OEI Take-off Distance one engine inoperating, extends from brake release to the point where the aircraft reaches the screen height (35 ft above the runway)TOFPA Take-Off Flight Path AreaTOM Take-off MinimaTOP Cloud topTOR Take-off RunTOR AEO Take-off Run all engine operating, extends from brake release to the point halfway between lift-off and the point where the aircraft reaches the screen height (35 ft above the runway)TORA Take-off Run AvailableThe length of runway declared available and suitable for the ground run of an airplane taking off TOSTA Take-off Safety Training AidTOTL TotalizerTO-TO a straight line flight from waypoint to waypointTOW/M Take-off Weight/MassTP Turning PointTPA Taxi Position AwarenessTPP Terminal Procedures PublicationTR Track; Type Rating; Transformer Rectifier; TransitTRA Temporary Reserved Airspace; Thrust Lever Resolver Angle (Throttle Resolver Angle)TRACON Terminal Radar Approach ControlTRANS TransitionsTRANS ALT Transition AltitudeTRANS LEV Transition LevelTRC Ground trackTRCV Tri-Color VisualApproach SlopeIndicator, normally a single light unit projecting three colors. (L or R indicates left or right side of runway only).TRE Type Rating ExaminerTRI Type Rating InstructorTRK TrackTRL Transition LevelTRML TerminalTRN Turn angle to waypointTRNG TrainingTRS Tropical Revolving Storm тропический циклонTRSA Terminal Radar Service AreaAirspace surrounding designated airports wherein ATC provides radar vectoring, sequencing and separation on a full-time basis for all IFR and participating VFR aircraft. Service provided in a TRSA is called Stage III Service. Pilots' participation is urged but is not mandatory.TRSN TransitionTRU True; Transformer Rectifier UnitTS Thunderstorm; Trouble ShootingTSA Temporarily Segregated Airspace, US Transportation Security AdministrationTSAT Target Start-up Approval Time - target time for start-up approval according to the A-CDM procedure

taking into account TOBT, CTOT and / or the traffic situationTSB Canadian Transportation Safety BoardTSE Transition Segment to Enroute; Total System ErrorTSI Time Since InstalledTSN Time Since NewTSNO Thunderstorm/lightning detector not available (ASOS)TSNT Transient (временный, переходный)TSO Technical Standard Order; Time Since OverhaulTT TeletypewriterTTF Trend Type ForecastTTG Time-To-GoTTOT target take off timeTU TuesdayTuAF Turkish Air ForceTUE TuesdayTUR TurbulenceTURB TurbulenceTURM Tower (German)T-VASI Tee Visual Approach Slope IndicatorT-VASIS 'T' Visual Approach Slope Indicator System TVOR Terminal VORTWEB Transcribed Weather BroadcastTWIP Terminal Weather Information for PilotsTWR Aerodrome control tower or aerodrome controlTWY TaxiwayTWYL Taxiway LinkTX Transmit, (er) (Transmit only)TYPH Typhoon тайфунU UTC time; Unidirectional; Unpaved surface; Unspecified; UNICOM; UpU/C Under constructionU/S UnserviceableUACC Upper Airspace Control CentreUAR Upper Air Route; Unusual Attitude RecoveryUAS University Air Squadron; Upper Airspace; Unmanned Aircraft SystemUAV Unmanned Aerial VehicleUCM Uncommanded MotionUDA Upper Advisory AreaUDF UHF Direction FinderUFCPUp Front Control PanelUFNUntil Further NoticeUHF Ultra High Frequency (300-3000MHz)UIR Upper flight Information RegionUNL UnlimitedUIR Upper Flight Information RegionUIS Upper information ServiceULB Underwater Locator BeaconULD Unit Load DeviceUM Unaccompanied MinorUN United NationsUNAVBL UnavailableUNCT'L UncontrolledUNI UnicomUNICOM Aeronautical Advisory ServiceUNL UnlimitedUNLGND UnlightedUNLKD UnlockedUNLTD UnlimitedUNMKD UnmarkedUNMON UnmonitoredUNREL Unreliable

UNRELBL UnreliableUNUSBL UnusableUP Precipitation type unknown (automated stations only)UPR DSPL Upper DisplayUPS United Parcel ServiceUSAF United States Air ForceUSB Upper SidebandUS GAL US Gallons (= 3,7854118 liters)USIntI Unmanned Systems International InstituteUSMC United States Marine CorpsUSN United States NavyUTA Upper control areaUTC Coordinated Universal Time (=GMT)UTIL UtilityUTM Universe Transverse MercatorUV UltravioletUVI Unmanned Vehicles InternationalV Emergency Voice Facility (ILS);Variable (wind direction and RVR); VoltV Varies (used to modify wind direction or RVR) Example: RVR 600 V1200 - runway visual range varies from 600 to 1200 feetV/B Vertical BearingV/S Vertical SpeedV/V Vertical Velocity or speedV1 Takeoff Decision Speed - maximum speed in the take-off at which the pilot must take the first action (e.g. apply brakes, reduce thrust, deploy speed brakes) to stop the aeroplane within the accelerate-stop distance. V1

also means the minimum speed in the take-off, following a failure of the critical engine at VEF, at which the pilot can continue the take-off and achieve the required height above the take-off surface within the take-off distance.V1G Ground speed at V1

V1 standard (balanced) For a standard (balanced V1) takeoff, the horizontal distance that the airplane travels to climb to 35 feet (10.7 m) is equal to the distance required to stop the airplane from V1.V1MBE The maximum V1 speed based on Maximum Brake Energy considerations. A take-off rejected at V1MBE will cause the brakes to absorb the maximum allowable brake energy.V2 Take-off Safety Speed Скорость безопасная взлетаV2MIN minimum take-off safety speed - Normally 1.2 time the stall speed in a takeoff configuration.V3 steady initial climb speed with all engines operatingVA design maneuvering speed. This is the “rough air” speed and the maximum speed for abrupt maneuvers. If during flight, rough air or severe turbulence is encountered, reduce the airspeed to maneuvering speed or less to minimize stress on the airplane structure. Calculated for max landing weight.VA Volcanic ashVAAC Volcanic ash Advisory CentreVABE Maximum Air Brake Extension speedVABO Maximum Air Brake Operation speedVAC Missed Approach Climb speed. Speed used for go-around climb with one engine inoperative.VAD Visual Approach & Departure (Charts)VAL Valuable cargoVAL Vertical Alert Limit (GNSS approach)VAL In valleysVANP Vertical Actual Navigation PerformanceVAP Approach target speedVAR Magnetic Variation; Visual/aural rangeVASI Visual Approach Slope Indicator (L or R indicates left or right side of runway only). The VASI provides obstruction clearance within 10° of the extended runway centerline, and to 4 nautical miles (NM) from the runway threshold. Angels are shown when known to be less than 2.5° or more than 3.0°.VASI (3 bar) Visual Approach Slope Indicatorfor high cockpit aircraft(L or R indicates left or right side of runway only). Descent angles are shown when other than upwind angle 3.25°, downwind angle 3.00° .VASIS Visual Approach Slope Indicator SystemVAT Speed at threshold based on 1.3 times stall speed in the landing configuration at maximum certificated landing massVAT Value Added Tax

VB design speed for maximum gust intensity. Turbulent air penetration speed that protects the structure in vertical gusts of 66 ft/s.VB Speed at full braking - скорость, ограниченная энергоёмкостью тормозовVBS Vertical Beam SensorVBV Variable Bleed Valve system (or surge bleed system) at the exit of the LPCVC design cruising speed - The maximum speed at which the structure must withstand the FAA's standard 50 ft/s gusts.VC Vicinity. Not at airfield, but within 5-10 SM of center of runway complex.VCAS computed airspeedVCD Vortex Control DeviceVCLMAX Скорость полёта при достижении максимального коэффициента подъёмной силы СУ.VCR Visual control roomVCS Voice Communication SystemVCY VicinityVD/MD design diving speed. It is the maximum speed at which the aircraft can dive in SMOOTH AIR.VDA Vertical Descent AngleVDEC Accelerate/Stop Decision speed for multiengine piston and light multiengine turboprops.VDF Very High Frequency Direction Finding StationVDF/MDF demonstrated flight diving speed - Скорость макс продемонстрированная в испытанияхVDL VHF Data LinkVDOP Vertical Dilution (ослабление) of PrecisionVDP Visual Descent PointA defined point on the final approach course of a non-precision straight-in approach procedure from which normal descent from the MDA to the runway touchdown point may be commenced, provided the approach threshold of that runway, or approach lights, or other markings identifiable with the approach end of that runway are clearly visible to the pilot.VE Visual ExemptedVECB Versatile Engine Control BoxVEF Speed at which the critical engine is assumed to fail during take-off VENR Enroute climb speed with critical engine out. Accelerate to VENR above 1,500 AGL. Normally VENR is selected by the manufacturer so as to provide best climb gradient.VER VerticalVERT VerticalVF design flap speed. Flaps are designed to be operated at this maximum speed.VF1 design flap speed for procedure flight conditionsVFB full braking speed (rejected take-off), is the speed at which the aircraft is in the full braking configuration (all deceleration devices are fully activated).VFC/MFC maximum speed for stability characteristics.Must be given the same respect as VNE.VFE The maximum speed with the flaps extended. Top of the White Arc.VFO The maximum speed that the flaps can be extended or retracted.VFR Visual Flight RulesVFR Flaps Retract speed. Minimum speed required for flaps retraction after takeoff.VFS Final Segment speed with critical engine out. Accelerate to VFS at 400 feet AGL.VFTO Final Take-Off speed. End of the takeoff path. Enroute configuration.One engine out.VGSI Visual Glide Slope IndicatorVH maximum speed in level flight with maximum continuous powerVHA Volcanic Hazard AreaVHF Very High Frequency (30-300 MHz)VI Indicated Air Speed (IAS) - Airspeed reading, as displayed in the airplane.VIA By Way Of; Versatile Integrated AvionicsVICE Instead/VersusVIGV Variable Inlet Guide Vanes (a row of stator vanes whose angle may be changed by control system action)VIP Very Important PersonVIS VisibilityVISNO [LOC] Visibility Indicator at second location not availableVLC Landing climb speedVLE Maximum landing gear extended speed. The maximum speed at which an airplane can be safely flown with the landing gear extended.VLF Very Low Frequency (3-30KHz)VLG Very Light Jet

VLLE Maximum Landing Light Operating speed.VLO maximum landing gear operating speed. The maximum speed for extending or retracting the landing gear.VLOFF Lift-off speed. The calibrated airspeed at which the airplane first becomes airborne. It is an operational speed and is determined by applying required safety margins to the VMU.VLV ValveVMC = VMCA Minimum Control speed in the Air with the critical engine inoperative out of ground affect. The calibrated airspeed at which, when the critical engine is suddenly made inoperative, it is possible to maintain control of the airplane with that engine still inoperative, the remaining engine is at takeoff power and maintain straight flight with an angle of bank of not more than 5 degrees. Скорость мин эволютивная взлетаVMC Visual Meteorological ConditionsVMCA= VMC

VMCG Minimum Control speed on the Ground, is the calibrated airspeed during the takeoff run at which, when the critical engine is suddenly made inoperative, it is possible to maintain control of the airplane using the rudder control alone (without the use of nose wheel steering), as limited by 150 pounds of force, and the lateral control to the extent of keeping the wings level to enable the takeoff to be safely continued using normal piloting skill. Скорость мин эволютивная разбегаVMCL minimum control speed, approach and landing Скорость мин эволютивная захода на посадку со всеми работающими двигателямиVMCL-2 Скорость мин эволютивная захода на посадку с 2 неработающ двигателямиVMD Minimum drag speed. Скорость наивыгоднейшая (минимального лобового сопротивления).VMO/MMO Maximum operating speed - It is the effective speed limit. VMO is mainly a structural limitation and MMO is limited by the change to the aircraft's handling characteristics.VMP minimum power speed Скорость экономическая (минимальной потребной мощности)VMU Minimum Unstick speed = VSFA. It is the minimum speed at which the airplane can safely lifts off the ground - It is not an operational speed and used to set the minimum limit for VLOFF.VNAP Vertical Noise Abatement ProceduresVNAV Vertical navigationThose function of RNAV equipment which provides guidance in the vertical plane.VNE Never-exceed speed (Red Line) applies only to piston powered airplanes. Operating above this speed is prohibited since it may result in damage or structural failure.VNO Maximum structural cruise speed. Do not exceed this speed except in smooth air. Beginning of the yellow arc or cautions range.VOL VolumeVOLMET Meteorological information for aircraft in flightVOR VHF Omnidirectional Radio RangeVORTAC VOR and TACAN CombinationVOT VOR Airborne Equipment Test Facility, Radiated Test Signal VORVP Minimum dynamic hydroplaning speed. The minimum speed required to start dynamic hydroplaning.VPA Vertical Path AngleThe descent angle shown on some non-precision approaches describing the geometric descent path from the Final approach fix (FAF), or on occasion from an intervening stepdown fix, to the Threshold Crossing Height (TCH). This angle may or may not coincide with the angle projected by a Visual Glide Slope Indicator (VASI, PAPI, PLASI, etc.)VR Rotation speed - The speed that the pilot begins rotating the aircraft prior to lift-off.VR is determined before take-off and the same VR speed will be used whether an engine fails or not during take-off.VRA rough airspeedVRB Variable wind direction when wind speed is less than six knots; VariableVRBL VariableVREF reference landing speed - Usually 1.3 timesVSO. Скорость, относительно которой рассчитываются посадочные характеристики и выбирается скорость захода на посадкуVRNP Vertical Required Navigation PerformanceVS stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed at which the airplane is controllable.VS0 Stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed in the landing configuration. In small airplanes, this is the power-off stall speed at the maximum landing weight in the landing configuration (gear and flaps down).VS1 Stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed obtained in a specified configuration. For most airplanes, this is the power-off stall speed at the maximum takeoff weight in the clean configuration (gear up, if retractable, and flaps up).VS1g one-g stall speed at which the aeroplane can develop a lift force (normal to the flight path) equal to its weight Скорость сваливания в горизонтальном полётеVSBY Visibility

VSD Vertical Situation DisplayVSF Speed Floor VelocityVSFA Safe Fly-Away speed = VMU

VSI Vertical Speed Indicator - an instrument that uses static pressure to display a rate of climb or descent in feet per minute = VVIVSP Vertical speedVSR reference stall speed Скорость сваливания расчётнаяVSR0 Скорость сваливания расчётная в посадочной конфигурацииVSR1 Скорость сваливания расчётная в заданной конфигурацииVSSE Safe, intentional one-engine inoperative speed. The minimum speed to intentionally render the critical engine inoperative.VST Vertical speed to targetVSTOL Vertical & Short Take-off and LandingVSV Variable Stator Vanes (a row of stator vanes whose angle may be changed by control system action)VSW speed at which onset of natural or artificial stall warning occurs Скорость сигнализации о сваливанииVT threshold speedVTD Speed at touchdown pointVTK Vertical TrackVTmax maximum threshold speedVTOL Vertical Take-off and LandingVTOSS take-off safety speed for Category A rotorcraftVV Vertical visibility (indefinite ceiling)VVI Vertical Velocity Indicator = VSIVVIP Very Very Important PersonVWWO Maximum Windshield Wiper Operating speed.VX Best angle-of-climb speed. The airspeed at which an airplane gains the greatest amount of altitude in a given distance. It is used during a short-field takeoff to clear an obstacle.VXSE Best angle-of-climb speed with one engine inoperative.The airspeed at which an airplane gains the greatest amount of altitude in a given distance in a light, twin-engine airplane following an engine failure. (Multiengine 12,500 LBS or less)VY Best rate-of-climb speed. This airspeed provides the most altitude gain in a given period of time.VYSE Best rate-of-climb speed with one engine inoperative. This airspeed provides the most altitude gain in a given period of time in a light, twin-engine airplane following an engine failure. Blue Line (Multiengine 12,500 LBS or less)VZF Zero flap minimum maneuvering speedVZL Clean speedVZRC Zero rate of climb speed in a twin-engine aircraftW West; White; Watts; Wednesday; Winter Time; Airplane gross weightW/B WestboundW/T Wireless telegraphyW&B Weight and BalanceWAAS Wide Area Augmentation System - разновидность Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS) WAC World Aeronautical ChartsWAFC World Area Forecast CenterWAFS World Area Forecast SystemWARN WarningWAT Weight, Altitude and TemperatureWATRS Western Atlantic Route SystemWB Wing Bars (threshold lighting normally Green)WBAR Wing-bar LightsWBC Weight and Balance ComputerWBND WestboundWCHC Passenger who is completely immobile, who can move about only with the help of a wheelchair or any other means and who requires assistance at all times from arrival at the airport to seating in the aircraft or, ifWCHP Passenger with a disability of the lower limbs who has sufficient personal autonomy to take care of him/herself, but who requires assistance to embark or disembark and who can move about in an aircraft cabin only with the help of an on-board wheelchair.WCHR Passenger who can walk up and down stairs and move about in an aircraft cabin, but who requires a wheelchair or other means for movements between the aircraft and the terminal, in the terminal and between arrival and departure points on the city side of the terminal.

WCHS Passenger who cannot walk up or down stairs, but who can move about in an aircraft cabin and requires a wheelchair to move between the aircraft and the terminal, in the terminal and between arrival and departure points on the city side of the terminal.WDI Wind Direction IndicatorWDM Wiring Diagram ManualWDSPR WidespreadWEA WeatherWed WednesdayWEF With Effect From; effective fromWEU Warning Electronic SystemWF Fuel Flow (CFM56)WGS-84 World Geodetic System The latest revision is WGS 84 established in 1984 and last revised in 2004.WH WhiteWHO World Health OrganizationWI Within; Williams InternationalWIEWith Immediate Effect or effective immediatelyWIG Wing-in-Ground (Effect)WILCO I understand and will complyWIP Work In ProgressWKD Weekdays (Mon-Sat inc.)WKDAY WeekdayWKDAYS Monday through FridayWKN WeakeningWKEND WeekendWL Water LineWND WindWO Work OrderWOW Weight-On-WheelsWP WaypointWPT WaypointWR Wet runwayWRNG WarningWS Wind shear (In TAFs, low level and not associated with convective activity)WSHFT Wind shift at (time in minutes after the hour)WSP Weather Systems ProcessorAn add-on weather processor to selected Airport Surveillance Radar (ASR)-9 facilities that adds Doppler weather radar capability and provides wind shear and microburst warnings. The system gives controllers timely and accurate warnings for relaying to pilots via radio communications. The WSP also provides controllers with thunderstorm cell locations and movement as well as the predicted future position and intensity of wind shifts that may affect airport operations. The system can also process precipitation data to reduce false severe weather reports caused by anomalous propagation.WSPR WidespreadWSR Wet Snow on Runway/s; Wet Skid-Resistant (runway); Wheel Slip RatioWST Convective Significant Meteorological InformationWT Weight; Wireless TelegraphyWTR Water on Runway/sWTRIS Wheel To Rudder Interconnect SystemWTSPT WaterspoutWW Severe Weather Watch BulletinWX WeatherWXR Weather RadarX On requestXBAR Crossbar (of Approach Lighting System)XCR Extra Crew (working crew on passenger seats)XFER TransferXFR TransferXM Extra markerXPDR TransponderXPNDR TransponderXTK Cross Track

X-wind Cross WindY Yellow; Tourist Class (passenger cabin)Y/D Yaw DamperYDS Yaw Damper SystemYe YellowYP Young PersonYR YourZ Coordinated Universal Time; VHF station marker at NDB; Z-MarkerZ - approach charts start with the letter Z and continue in reverse alphabetical order. The approach procedure labeled Z has lower landing minimums than YZFT Zero Flight TimeZFTT Zero Flight Time TrainingZFW/M Zero Fuel Weight/Mass. ZFW consists of OWE plus payload (passengers, baggage and cargo)