Name: ____________________Class: __________

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The Development Gap

Page3 Key Words4 A World Divided7 How Do We Measure Development?8 Development – More Than Mere Economics

Adult Literacy9 How Does The Development Gap Grow?

10 The Cycle Of Hunger11 Fairtrade13 Aid – What Is It? Does It Work?15 Can We Measure How Happy We Are?

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Content

Key WordsBorrowedCaloriesClimateColonies

DevelopmentDiseasesDoctors

EconomicExpectancy

GhanaInfant

LifeLiteracyPoorer

PopulationRicher

SustainableWars

Use the words from the wordsearch to complete the sentences below:1. MEDCs are _______________ then LEDCs

2. _______________ is an example of a LEDC, so it is _______________ than the UK3. Somecountries are poor because many years ago they were _______________ of

richer countries like the UK, Germany, Italy and France4. Some countries are poor because they have a bad _______________. It might be too

hot, too cold, too wet or too dry5. Some countries are poor because they have _______________ lots of money and

have to pay it back6. _______________ cost a lot of money and so they can make a country poorer

7. How many _______________ people eat in a day, how many _______________ there are every 1000 people and what people’s life _______________ is, are all ways

of telling how __________ a country is8. If you drink dirty water you could get _______________

9. _______________ means to do with money10. The _______________ mortality in a country tells you how many children dies

before they get to five years old11. Most people in poorer countries have a worse quality of _______________ then

people in richer countries12. If a country want to develop it should make sure that it is going the best thing for the

people and the environment by developing in a _______________ way

There have been a number of ways experts have tried to divide up the work in ways of wealth or abilities.

One of the earliest ways resulted in this map but was a method was devised by Western Europe:

Europeans saw themselves as the first world. The

wealthier regions which they colonised, such as

North America and Australia, were referred to

as second world. Poorer countries were then

grouped together as the third world.

Describe the distribution of the first, second and third world countries______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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A World Divided

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

In 1981, a report was published about global

development. It was called the Brandt

Report and it showed a divided world. A

wealthy ‘North’ controlled 80% of the world’s wealth, and a

poor ‘South’ only 20%. The map shows this

divide:

Describe the pattern made by the North/South divide - Can you see anything odd about the shape of the line?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The development indicator used to create this map was GNP (Gross National Product) per

capita. In its simplest form, GNP measures the value of goods and services a country’s population produced within a year, regardless of their location.

Why do you think this indicator has decreased in popularity?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Study the two maps on the previous page. Compare and contrast the patters on the two maps and discuss below:

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The map below shows the real GDP per capita in countries around the world. GDP includes all the goods and services produced in a country over a set period of time, usually quarterly

or annually. This number will initially indicate the counties economic wealth. Although widely still accepted, many bodies have rejected the indicator and use alternate formulas to

measure economic wellbeing, due to its weighty flaws.

GDP per capita is calculated by dividing the GDP of a county by its total populace and so theoretically the amount of money each individual has to live on in that particular country.

Thereby giving a better idea of living standards compared to GDP alone.

No Data No Data $5-10,000 £6,500-£3,000

$30,000+ £19,000 $3-5,000 £3,000-1,500

$20-30,000 £12,500–19,000 $1-3,000 £1,500-500

$10-20,000 £12,500-6,500 $0-1,000 £0-500

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Use the data on the map to answer the following questions; you may need an atlas to help you locate some of the countries:

The UK has a real GDP per capita of US$ __________Ghana has a real GDP per capita of US$ __________Brazil has a real GDP per capita of US$ __________Japan has a real GDP per capita of US$ __________

Three countries where people live on less than £6,500 are: ____________, ____________ and____________

Three countries where people love on £1,500-500 are: ____________, ____________ and____________

Add to the spider diagram five things you consider essential for your survival.Rank these in their order of importance (1 being the most important)

Ask ten people in your class what they consider essential for their survival and add it to the tally chart below (you may need to add a couple more rows different items):

Items First Second Third

Abraham Maslow first introduced his concept of a hierarchy of needs in 1943. His hierarchy

suggests people needs to fulfil basic needs before moving on to

other, more advanced needs.

How do the needs of the class compare with those of Maslow’s

ideas?

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How Do We Measure Development?

____________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Read through the definitions below. Match them up with the keywords and colour code then to show whether they are economic or social:

This is the percentage of adults in a country who can read and write

The table below shows the adult literacy of five countries. In the last column write whether you think the country is more (MEDC) or less (LEDC) developed:

Country Percentage Of Adult Literacy MEDC Or LEDC?Egypt 51Ghana 64

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Adult Literacy

Primary Employment; Birth Rate; Infant Mortality; Life Expectancy; GDP; Death Rate; Energy Per Person; Food Intake; GDP Per Capita; Literacy Rate; People Per Doctor

______________________The average number of years a

person can expect to live

______________________The number of deaths per year

per 1000 people

______________________The number of births per year

per 1000 people

______________________The wealth shared out equally

among all the people of a country

______________________The total of all money

produced per year by a country’s workers

______________________The percentage of people in

the country employed in primary occupations

______________________The number of children per year out of every 1000 born alive that die before they reach the age of

one

______________________Number of kilocalories (kcals)

each person in the country takes each day

______________________Number of adults who can read and write in every 100

people

______________________Number of patients divided

by number of doctors

______________________The amount of energy which each person in the country

uses per year

Economic

Social

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Development - More Than Mere Economics

Peru 88Australia 99America 99

Use the information in the table to complete the graph:___________________________________________________________________________

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0%

10%

30%

20%

____________________________________

____

How Does The Development Gap Grow?

Physical and human factures can make the gap between richer and poorer countries wider:

Environmental Factors These include natural hazards like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and hurricanes. Poor countries tend to suffer most as they lack the money to prepare for and recover from them

Political FactorsIn Zimbabwe, the government’s redistribution of

land from white farmers to the majority black population aimed to close the development gap there. It had the opposite effect, as the land was

given to supporters with little farming experience. The crop production collapsed, the economy failed and many Zimbabweans had to

rely on international food aid

Economic Factors These include things like trade. Countries tend to buy in goods and services they don’t have enough of, or they can buy more cheaply from elsewhere

Each of the statements below explain why some countries are less developed than others. Draw a line from each statement to the factor which best describes it:

It is mostly stony desert

ENVIRONMENTAL

It has plenty of copper to export but the price of copper has fallen sharply over the years

It was a British colony for more than fifty yearsIt is really mountainous and hard to reach

A tribal war has been going on there for yearsThe people who colonised it built no factories

POLITICAL

Millions of people are suffering from AIDSThere are few schools so people can’t learn the skills the

country needsIt suffers serious flooding almost every year

Bacteria and viruses that cause diseases love its warm damp climate

In the past, several million of its healthy adults were sold as slaves

ECONOMICA small group of people owns most of its wealth

Other countries refuse to trade with it, because of its politics

It has to repay millions of dollars a year on loans

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How Does The Development Gap Grow?

The Cycle Of Hunger

Eight million people go to bed hungry every night.

Imagine you are a young farmer in a poor country where the climate it hot and dry, and the rain unreliable. You like to work hard. You have many ideas for improving your farm. But

you still go to bed hungry every night. How does it happen?

To see how, complete this vicious circle on the next page by writing the statements in the correct boxes in the circle. One has been done for you:

◊ …and there is not even enough to feed your family…◊ …which means you can’t sell any crops, as you’d planned.

◊ Soon you don’t have enough energy to work hard…◊ Instead you store them away, eating very sparingly every day.

◊ …and since you didn’t sell crops, you have no money for tools or fertiliser either.◊ So you just poke holes in the hard ground with a stick, and plant seeds for next year.

◊ So your crops grow weak and stunted…◊ And once again the wet season arrives – but there is not enough rain.

◊ So every day you and your family feel a little hungrier.

The Fairtrade Foundation is committed to tackling poverty and injustice through trade. The Foundation works with businesses, civil society organisations and individuals to help

producers achieve sustainable improvements for their members and communities. Principal

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The Cycle Of Hunger

Fairtrade

tools to reach the development goals are certification and product labelling through the FAIRTRADE Mark.

Fairtrade is about better prices, improved working conditions, sustainability and fair terms of trade for farmers and workers. By calling for companies to pay justifiable prices (which must always be above market price), Fairtrade addresses the unfairness of conventional

trade, which traditionally favours against the poorest, weakest producers. It allows them to have control over their own lives and to be able to improve their positions.

There are over 3,000 are Fairtrade certified and for sale in the UK. The UK market is doubling in value every two years; in 2007 it reached a retail value of £493 million. The UK is the world’s leading Fairtrade market with an estimated 20% of roast and ground coffee, and

20% of bananas sold being Fairtrade. Other products include:Cocoa Fruit Vegetables Dried Fruit Honey JuicesNuts Nut Oil Seeds Seed Oil Quinoa Rice

Spices Sugar Tea WineBeauty

ProductsCotton Cut

FlowersOrnamental

PlantsSports Balls

Draw a line linking the person to the correct speech bubble. Do you think they are a winner or loser in this system?

Shopper

Now I can get on with growing coffee, without

worrying about my family staving

Supermarket Manager

By buying coffee beans directly we make sure the

growers get a fair price

Fairtrade Worker

We make a fair profit on the coffee, so we’re happy to sell

it

Coffee Grower

I feel better about drinking coffee that gives the growers

a fair deal

Oxfam says poor countries should be given help so they can build factories. They could make instant coffee in their own factories. They’d make more money this way, because you

can sell the instant coffee for a lot more than the beans themselves.

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Complete the sentences in these boxes:

How can we help those less fortunate that ourselves?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

There are many different types of aid which can help others:

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Aid – What Is It? Does It Work?‘Give A Man A Fish And He Will Feed His Family For A Day

Give A Man A Net And He Will Feed His Family For Life’

Aid

Official Aid Voluntary Aid

Official And Voluntary

Directly Indirectly Non-Governmental

Emergency Development

The basic aim of giving aid is to help poor countries develop their economies and to improve services in order to raise their standards of living and quality of life. In reality, however, it is

far more complex and controversial.

Overseas Aid:Official Aid: Paid for by the taxpayers in donor countries and administrated by governments

Voluntary Aid: Money raised by independent organisations and private donors.

Conditional Aid:This is when one country donates money or resources to another country but with conditions attached – This will often work in the MEDCs favour.E.g. – The recipient has to give building contracts to, or buy goods from the donor country. Through this many recipients fall into further debt when attempting to make repayments.Aid hasbeen withheld from countries which donors regard as being undemocratic or has a poor human rights record.

Multilateral Aid:That which is given to several countries by internationalOrganisations.E.g. – The World Bank, The International Monetary Fund, The United Nationsand

The E.U.Theoretically here should be no ties with this aid, but these organisations have withheld aid from non-democratically elected

governments.

Emergency Aid:This is an immediate or short-term disaster relief for natural disasters or human induced disasters.This relief can be in forms of money, food, medicines, etc.

Development Aid:These are longer-term development programmes usually involving local

communities in education and skills for sustainable development. Gifts such as these sold through charities such as Oxfam are great help and well received.

Non-Governmental Aid:These try to direct money generated by charities at the poor, local

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Aid

Official Aid Voluntary Aid

Official And Voluntary

Directly Indirectly Non-Governmental

Emergency Development

counties and the environment. Money is given, with no ties, to specific projects in poor countries. Projects are usually small and sustainable and use appropriate technology.

Does aid work? This is a question which is often asked particularly in the face of natural disasters. While some argue against emergency aid, claiming its “too little, too late”, other forms of aid are more controversial. Some consider no non-emergency aid should be given, especially as it is usually given in political, industrial and commercial interests of the donor

country, without concern for the environment, and does little to improve the long-term quality of life in the recipient country.

On the next are some of the pro and anti-aid arguments. Highlight which ones you think support aid and which are against it:

Emergency aid in times of disasters saves lives

FOR AID

Aid for agriculture can help increase food production

and so improve quality and quantity of food

Projects that develop clear water and sanitation provisions can lead to

improved health and living standards

Aid helps to rebuild housing and livelihoods after a

disaster

Aid can increase dependency of LEDCs n donor countries. Sometimes aid is not a gift,

but a loan, and poor countries my struggle to

repay

Inappropriate projects my lead to food and water

costing more. Projects may put resources under the

control of foreign countries

Encouraging aid investments in jobs and industrial

development can create jobs and improve transport

infrastructure

AGAINST AID

Aid may not reach the people who need it most.

Corruption may lead to politicians using aid for their

own means and gainsSometime projects don’t benefit smaller farmers.

Projects are often large scale and are often run by foreign

companies

Aid can support countries in developing their natural resources and power to

improve economic income

Provision of medical training, medicines and equipment

can improve health and standard of living

Infrastructure project may end up not favouring people

in greatest need. It may benefit the employers and

not employeesAid can put political or

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economic pressure on the receiving country

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Can We Measure How Happy We Are?