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81. The peripheral nervous system is to sensory neurons as the central nervous system is to:A) motor neurons.B) neurotransmitters.C) interneurons.D) the sympathetic nervous system.E) the parasympathetic nervous system.

82. In preconventional morality, the person:A) obeys out of a sense of social duty.B) conforms to gain social approval and to follow certain rules.C) obeys to avoid punishment or to gain concrete rewards.D) follows the dictates of his or her conscience.E) a child will not listen to authority figures if it is opposite their personal

beliefs

83. A PET scan of a sleeping person's brain reveals increased activity in the visual and auditory areas. This most likelyindicates that the sleeper:A) has a neurological disorder.B) is not truly asleep.C) is in REM sleep.D) suffers from narcolepsy.E) in in Stage 2 Sleep

84. Which of the following correlation coefficients expresses theweakest degree of relationship between two variables?A) –0.12B) +1.00C) –0.99D) +0.25E) –0.50

85. Memory techniques such as the method of loci, acronyms, andthe peg-word system are called:A) consolidation devices.B) imagery techniques.C) encoding strategies.D) mnemonic devices.E) recognition factors

86. As the retinal image of a horse galloping toward you becomeslarger, it is unlikely that the horse will appear to grow larger. This best illustrates the phenomenon of:A) visual capture.B) size constancy.C) closure.D) convergence.E) linear perspective.

87. Astrid was emotionally aroused by a TV horror movie. She became angry when her younger brother momentarily blockedher view of the screen. When her movie viewing was interruptedby a phone call from her boyfriend, however, she experiencedunusually intense romantic feelings. Astrid's different emotionalreactions to her brother and her boyfriend are best explained by:A) catharsis hypothesis.B) James-Lange theory.C) adaptation-level principle.D) two-factor theory.E) Cannon-Bard theory.

88. The process of replication is most likely to be facilitated by:A) the hindsight bias.B) the false consensus effect.C) illusory correlation.D) operational definitions.E) the placebo effect.

89. Motor neurons are an important part of the:A) limbic system.B) reticular formation.C) peripheral nervous system.D) brainstem.E) motor cortex.

90. The concentration of glucose in active regions of the brain underlies the usefulness of a(n):A) MRI.B) brain lesion.C) EEG.D) PET scan.E) hemispherectomy.

91. Mr. Quinones, a fifth-grade teacher, gives a blue plastic star to each student who achieves a high score on a math or spelling test. At the end of the semester, students can exchange their stars for prizes. Mr. Quinones' classroom strategy illustrates an application of:A) the placebo effect.B) transference.C) operant conditioning.D) systematic desensitization.E) counterconditioning.

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97. Mark believes that people are genetically predisposed to dislike bitter-tasting foods because this has enhanced human survival. His belief best illustrates the _____ perspective.A) psychodynamicB) social-culturalC) evolutionaryD) behavioralE) cognitive

98. As a child observes, liquid is transferred from a tall, thin tubeinto a short, wide jar. The child is asked if there is now lessliquid in order to determine if she has mastered:A) the schema for liquids.B) the concept of object permanence.C) the concept of conservation.D) the ability to reason abstractly.E) proconventional morality

99. A trainer wants to train a chicken to peck a key to obtain food. Ifshe wants the chicken to first learn this trick quickly and thenbehavior to be resistant to extinction, she should use _____ reinforcement until the response is mastered and then follow with a period of _____ reinforcement.A) positive; negativeB) negative; positiveC) primary; secondaryD) partial; continuousE) continuous; partial

100. Abdul has volunteered to participate in an experiment evaluating theeffectiveness of aspirin. Neither he nor the experimenters knowwhether the pills he takes during the experiment contain aspirinor are merely placebos. The investigators are apparently makinguse of:A) naturalistic observation.B) illusory correlation.C) the double-blind procedure.D) random sampling.E) the false consensus effect.