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WeBike
Tommy Carpenter
University of Waterloo
June 5, 2014
1 BIntro2 Participant Selection3 Hardware & Software4 Logistics5 Research Objectives6 Conclusion
Overview
Field trial of 25 eBikesB POC for 500 bikes
Three years of data collection
Many interesting research questions
1 / 20: Intro WeBike, June 5, 2014
“Wind tunnel”
EV field trials are $$
eBikes mostly isomorphicB Inexpensive way to draw conclusions about EVsB What does not scale is also interesting
2 / 20: Intro WeBike, June 5, 2014
Other global motivations
NL: flattest country in Europe
NA: My daily 15km cycle is 233 meters elevation gainB MIT: “Copenhagen Wheel”
China: 200 million eBikesB Shanghai: $14,530USD to register a car (plates)1
B Beijing: only 1/150 get a plate (lottery)!2http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-04-25/in-china-the-license-plates-can-cost-more-than-the-carhttp://www.scmp.com/business/china-business/article/1420673/beijing-licence-plates-fetch-twice-price-car-black-market
India: hills, many w/o gridB low carbon transit v.s. dieselB energy transport; laptop=75wh, .325kWh ≈ 4.5 such devices
3 / 20: Intro WeBike, June 5, 2014
Other global motivations
NL: flattest country in Europe
NA: My daily 15km cycle is 233 meters elevation gainB MIT: “Copenhagen Wheel”
China: 200 million eBikesB Shanghai: $14,530USD to register a car (plates)1
B Beijing: only 1/150 get a plate (lottery)!2http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-04-25/in-china-the-license-plates-can-cost-more-than-the-carhttp://www.scmp.com/business/china-business/article/1420673/beijing-licence-plates-fetch-twice-price-car-black-market
India: hills, many w/o gridB low carbon transit v.s. dieselB energy transport; laptop=75wh, .325kWh ≈ 4.5 such devices
3 / 20: Intro WeBike, June 5, 2014
Other global motivations
NL: flattest country in Europe
NA: My daily 15km cycle is 233 meters elevation gainB MIT: “Copenhagen Wheel”
China: 200 million eBikesB Shanghai: $14,530USD to register a car (plates)1
B Beijing: only 1/150 get a plate (lottery)!2http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-04-25/in-china-the-license-plates-can-cost-more-than-the-carhttp://www.scmp.com/business/china-business/article/1420673/beijing-licence-plates-fetch-twice-price-car-black-market
India: hills, many w/o gridB low carbon transit v.s. dieselB energy transport; laptop=75wh, .325kWh ≈ 4.5 such devices
3 / 20: Intro WeBike, June 5, 2014
Other global motivations
NL: flattest country in Europe
NA: My daily 15km cycle is 233 meters elevation gainB MIT: “Copenhagen Wheel”
China: 200 million eBikesB Shanghai: $14,530USD to register a car (plates)1
B Beijing: only 1/150 get a plate (lottery)!2http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-04-25/in-china-the-license-plates-can-cost-more-than-the-carhttp://www.scmp.com/business/china-business/article/1420673/beijing-licence-plates-fetch-twice-price-car-black-market
India: hills, many w/o gridB low carbon transit v.s. dieselB energy transport; laptop=75wh, .325kWh ≈ 4.5 such devices
3 / 20: Intro WeBike, June 5, 2014
Potential Target Populations
Car→ eBike
Public transit→ eBike
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
Bike but would like to go further→ eBike
Older or impaired→ eBike
4 / 20: Intro WeBike, June 5, 2014
1 Intro2 BParticipant Selection3 Hardware & Software4 Logistics5 Research Objectives6 Conclusion
eBike Survey
Survey to CS/Math/ENV staff/grads
1. Knowledge & attitudesB please provide up to 20 thoughts on e-bikes
2. Transport-related motives/emotionsB how important is safety when choosing transport?
3. Anticipated usageB how many kms will you ride daily in summer?
4. Background infoB what is your age/gender/profession?
5 / 20: Participant Selection WeBike, June 5, 2014
eBike Survey
Survey to CS/Math/ENV staff/grads
1. Knowledge & attitudesB please provide up to 20 thoughts on e-bikes
2. Transport-related motives/emotionsB how important is safety when choosing transport?
3. Anticipated usageB how many kms will you ride daily in summer?
4. Background infoB what is your age/gender/profession?
5 / 20: Participant Selection WeBike, June 5, 2014
eBike Survey
Survey to CS/Math/ENV staff/grads
1. Knowledge & attitudesB please provide up to 20 thoughts on e-bikes
2. Transport-related motives/emotionsB how important is safety when choosing transport?
3. Anticipated usageB how many kms will you ride daily in summer?
4. Background infoB what is your age/gender/profession?
5 / 20: Participant Selection WeBike, June 5, 2014
eBike Survey
Survey to CS/Math/ENV staff/grads
1. Knowledge & attitudesB please provide up to 20 thoughts on e-bikes
2. Transport-related motives/emotionsB how important is safety when choosing transport?
3. Anticipated usageB how many kms will you ride daily in summer?
4. Background infoB what is your age/gender/profession?
5 / 20: Participant Selection WeBike, June 5, 2014
eBike Survey
Survey to CS/Math/ENV staff/grads
1. Knowledge & attitudesB please provide up to 20 thoughts on e-bikes
2. Transport-related motives/emotionsB how important is safety when choosing transport?
3. Anticipated usageB how many kms will you ride daily in summer?
4. Background infoB what is your age/gender/profession?
5 / 20: Participant Selection WeBike, June 5, 2014
Participant selection & balancing (Tobias)
1 N=165
2 Criteria met, N=69
3 Participants w/ > 10kms daily usage, N=29B Rest =“maybes”
4 Balanced {male, female} × {prof, grad student}B had only 4 female grads, + 2 “maybes”B Selected top 6 in each = 24
6 / 20: Participant Selection WeBike, June 5, 2014
1 Intro2 Participant Selection3 BHardware & Software4 Logistics5 Research Objectives6 Conclusion
The bikes
eProdigy Whistler ($2,000)
battery
Speed Range: Up to 45 kmph
Battery: LiON, 37V, 8.8 Ah, 325wh
Weight: 21 kg
Bat Life: “80% capacity after 1000+cycles”
Bat Weight: 2.5kg
7 / 20: Hardware & Software WeBike, June 5, 2014
Data being collected (every second)
1 Time
2 Location
3 Speed
4 Acceleration
5 Battery voltage (for SOC)
6 Instantaneous ROC (we know current and voltage)
7 Battery temperature (for safety/alerts)
8 Temp inside sensor box (for safety/alerts)
9 Light (theft)
8 / 20: Hardware & Software WeBike, June 5, 2014
Sensors
Galaxy S III I747 Phidget Interface Kit Phidget Voltage Sensor
Phidget I Digikey DC DC TemperatureTransducer Converter Sensors
9 / 20: Hardware & Software WeBike, June 5, 2014
Assembly - guides will be on iss4e.ca
10 / 20: Hardware & Software WeBike, June 5, 2014
Software
Sensors1 hz ...
1 hour of data
...1 hour of data
1 hour of data
1 hour of data
Compression Encrypted SSH Tunnel Server
Decompression & storage scriptsDB
wifi
11 / 20: Hardware & Software WeBike, June 5, 2014
1 Intro2 Participant Selection3 Hardware & Software4 BLogistics5 Research Objectives6 Conclusion
Incentivizing participation
Keep eBike after three years of data collection
Free charging on campus
Users can generate analyses of their dataB mobility and health statistics, route maps, etc
12 / 20: Logistics WeBike, June 5, 2014
Charging
Campus/public: battery can be detached w/ sensor boxB any outlet
Home: Partnership with Twente to design solar charging stationsB (also outlet)
13 / 20: Logistics WeBike, June 5, 2014
Theft
Theft “detection”B ReportedB Case openedB No data for unexpected, extended periodB Battery nearly dead (triggers alert), no response
In case of theft:B Each phone has a sim, pay per use planB Text the phone, it reports back GPS← Call bounty hunter
14 / 20: Logistics WeBike, June 5, 2014
1 Intro2 Participant Selection3 Hardware & Software4 Logistics5 BResearch Objectives6 Conclusion
Mathematical modeling
15 / 20: Research Objectives WeBike, June 5, 2014
Regression ex: what affects battery performance?
obsROC = f(extTemp, stnSpecs, batSpecs, batTemp, batSOC, chgCur)
16 / 20: Research Objectives WeBike, June 5, 2014
eBike to EV Mapping
17 / 20: Research Objectives WeBike, June 5, 2014
Many HCI Questions
What to display to user?B Calories, CO2 avoided, route, etc
Display medium?B Audibly?B Screen?B Frequency of refresh, amount of info, colors or text, etc
User input?B Do we need it?B Is it safe?
Effect of display choices on behavior
18 / 20: Research Objectives WeBike, June 5, 2014
Many HCI Questions
What to display to user?B Calories, CO2 avoided, route, etc
Display medium?B Audibly?B Screen?B Frequency of refresh, amount of info, colors or text, etc
User input?B Do we need it?B Is it safe?
Effect of display choices on behavior
18 / 20: Research Objectives WeBike, June 5, 2014
Many HCI Questions
What to display to user?B Calories, CO2 avoided, route, etc
Display medium?B Audibly?B Screen?B Frequency of refresh, amount of info, colors or text, etc
User input?B Do we need it?B Is it safe?
Effect of display choices on behavior
18 / 20: Research Objectives WeBike, June 5, 2014
Many HCI Questions
What to display to user?B Calories, CO2 avoided, route, etc
Display medium?B Audibly?B Screen?B Frequency of refresh, amount of info, colors or text, etc
User input?B Do we need it?B Is it safe?
Effect of display choices on behavior
18 / 20: Research Objectives WeBike, June 5, 2014
Can we predict actual usage?
1 Use survey results to calibrate a NN that predicts users’ usage
2 Correlate the NN output with their actual usage
http://arxiv.org/abs/1405.6230
19 / 20: Research Objectives WeBike, June 5, 2014
http://arxiv.org/abs/1405.6230
1 Intro2 Participant Selection3 Hardware & Software4 Logistics5 Research Objectives6 BConclusion
Conclusions
Scaled down version of EVs
Low carbon transport in rural areas
We want Global trial replicationB Comparison of mobility, attitudes, etc. across global regions
Horizon 2020: European $20bn research fundB Potsdam University
20 / 20: Conclusion WeBike, June 5, 2014
Extra
Other gotchas
Choice of phoneB Android supporting updates without user prompt
OTG mode to host multiple devicesB Required OS hacks, wire hacks
Sensor boxB Waterproof but lets heat dissipateB Size and placement (on battery or on bike)
User neglectB Our attempt: it’s yours after trialB Other options: deposit, bike conversion kit
Survey dishonesty w.r.t. usageB Our attempt: reclaim clause
Other gotchas
Choice of phoneB Android supporting updates without user prompt
OTG mode to host multiple devicesB Required OS hacks, wire hacks
Sensor boxB Waterproof but lets heat dissipateB Size and placement (on battery or on bike)
User neglectB Our attempt: it’s yours after trialB Other options: deposit, bike conversion kit
Survey dishonesty w.r.t. usageB Our attempt: reclaim clause
Other gotchas
Choice of phoneB Android supporting updates without user prompt
OTG mode to host multiple devicesB Required OS hacks, wire hacks
Sensor boxB Waterproof but lets heat dissipateB Size and placement (on battery or on bike)
User neglectB Our attempt: it’s yours after trialB Other options: deposit, bike conversion kit
Survey dishonesty w.r.t. usageB Our attempt: reclaim clause
Other gotchas
Choice of phoneB Android supporting updates without user prompt
OTG mode to host multiple devicesB Required OS hacks, wire hacks
Sensor boxB Waterproof but lets heat dissipateB Size and placement (on battery or on bike)
User neglectB Our attempt: it’s yours after trialB Other options: deposit, bike conversion kit
Survey dishonesty w.r.t. usageB Our attempt: reclaim clause
Other gotchas
Choice of phoneB Android supporting updates without user prompt
OTG mode to host multiple devicesB Required OS hacks, wire hacks
Sensor boxB Waterproof but lets heat dissipateB Size and placement (on battery or on bike)
User neglectB Our attempt: it’s yours after trialB Other options: deposit, bike conversion kit
Survey dishonesty w.r.t. usageB Our attempt: reclaim clause
IntroParticipant SelectionHardware & SoftwareLogisticsResearch ObjectivesConclusionExtra