week 10

John Cage - rhythmic structure, exo5cism and art

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 1

Early Cage Serialism: Two Pieces for Piano (1935)

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 2

Two Pieces for Piano analysis

Analysis (Nicholls Cambridge Companion to Cage)

Note+ Unusual, 'un-Schoenberg-like' use of serial techniques+ No ar:cula:on or expression markings at all. What do you think this says?+ Unusual use of barring showing a par:cular interest in display of rhythmic mo:ves.

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 3

First Construc,on in Metal (1939)

audio:

h"ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sGMEPgXUoLw

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 4

video with performers:

h"ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVAbMtxRLOQ

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 5

First Construc,on in Metal analysis

Link to paper

h"p://www.jesseguessford.com/Projects/Papers/1stconstruc8on.pdf

(p14)

• Note in par,cular its sounding similarity to Gamelan (metrical rhythms). Analysis shows use of metrical, revolving cells.

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 6

Sonatas and Interludes for Prepared Piano

Sonata no 1 - note and discuss prepara1ons

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 7

Sonata no 5 - try imagining what it sounds like first, then play it

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 8

Links with other art forms: sonatas XIV and XV and Richard Lippold Gemini

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 9

Sonatas 14 and 15 inspired Lippold Gemini sculpture

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 10

Sonata no 3 - See Wikipedia analysis:

Sonata 3 at 6:20h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 11

Exo$cism

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 12

Colin McPhee Os#natos from Tabuh Tabuhan (1936)

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 13

Colin McPhee Nocturne from Tabuh Tabuhan (1936)

h"ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-T-ls5EiIs

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 14

Harry Partch (from earlier week)

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 15

Lou Harrison

Lou Harrison: Gending Pak Chokro (1976)

h"ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xMTvK9lUnnY

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 16

Bubaran Robert:

h"ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufY89CBRztM

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 17

Philemon & Baukis, Lou Harrison

h"ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yqmpcObHz4

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 18

Harrison and Cage (1941)

Double Music

h"ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OmDTXj0mklM

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 19

Europe: Olivier Messaien

Many influences including+ Serialism and Webern+ Orientalism/exo:cism+ Indian music, in par:cular the rhythmic aspects of ragas+ Japanese music and Zen Buddhism+ Roman Catholic plainsong

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 20

Anoushka Shankar Indian Classical Raga

h"ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-wra4p4zARw

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 21

Messiaen Et Expecto Ressurec1onem Morturorum

Note par)cularly:

• Use of extremes (silence, soli, tu3, etc.)

• Klangfarbenmelodie (colour including synaesthesia)

• Use of metrical rhythms

• Birdsong (contd.)

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 22

• instrumenta+on: no strings (like Stravinsky Symphony of Psalms), expanded metal percussion: 3 sets of cowbells (C5-D7, C4-C5 and F3-B3), tubular bells, 6 gongs, 3 tam-tams.

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 23

Highly religious - movements are 3tled:

• "Des profondeurs de l'abîme, je crie vers toi, Seigneur: Seigneur, écoute ma voix!"

• "Le Christ, ressuscité des morts, ne meurt plus; la mort n'a plus sur lui d'empire."

• "L'heure vient où les morts entendront la voix du Fils de Dieu..."

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 24

• "Ils ressusciteront, glorieux, avec un nom nouveau -- dans le concert joyeux des étoiles et les acclama:ons des fils du ciel."

• "Et j'entendis la voix d'une foule immense..."

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 25

Oivier Messiaen - Pe-tes esquisses d'oiseaux (1985) for piano (birdsong)

note metrical but uneven rhythmsh"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 26

2 "Le Christ, ressuscité des morts, ne meurt plus; la mort n'a plus sur lui d'empire."

• 5:30 second movement

h"ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3f4qdJHatNM

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 27

Cage, art and minimalism

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 28

Cage 4'33

Music? Soundscape? Joke? Conceptual art?h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 29

at 1hr 54minsh"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 30

h"ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pcHnL7aS64Y

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 31

Is John Cage's 4'33'' music?: Prof. Julian Dodd at TEDxUniversityOfManchester

h"ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WTCVnKROlos

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 32

Mike Ba( and Peters Edi0on

Silent music dispute resolved

h"p://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/2276621.stm

but...

Wombles composer Mike Ba1's silence legal row 'a scam'

h"p://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-11964995

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 33

Malevich Black Suprema1c Square 1915

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 34

Malevich Suprema/st Composi/on: White on White 1918

"A new visual language for a new world"h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 35

Rauschenberg white pain1ngs 1951 - "Rauschenberg can be seen as presaging Minimalism by a decade."

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 36

Rauschenberg white pain1ngs 1951

"From 1951 to 1953, Robert Rauschenberg made a number of artworks that explore the limits and very definiBon of art. These works recall and effecBvely extend the noBon of the arBst as creator of ideas, a concept first broached by Marcel Duchamp (1887–1968) with his iconic readymades of the early twenBeth century.

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 37

With Erased de Kooning Drawing (1953), Rauschenberg set out to discover whether an artwork could be produced enArely through erasure - an act focused on the removal of marks rather than their accumulaAon."

Source: h*p://www.sfmoma.org/explore/collec6on/artwork/25846##ixzz3XkFjuNZ8 San Francisco Museum of Modern Art

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 38

De Kooning Woman I 1950-52h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 39

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 40

Rauschenberg discusses one of his most controversial works

h"ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tpCWh3IFtDQ

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 41

Also see: KLF and Rachel Whiteread

see in par)cular from 5:00; 5:45 KLF award; part 5-1:22 film opening

h"ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o4uQtOQwLGE

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 42

• Michael Landy Break Down (2001)

h"ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6hYUnkW4sNA

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 43

Documentary Drama "Duchamp's Urinal" on BOB

h"p://bobna*onal.net/record/285772

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 44

A History of Art in Three Colours - White - on BOB

h"p://bobna*onal.net/record/134175

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 45

And finally, John Cage Water Walk_ performance on a game show (1960)

h"ps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SSulycqZH-U

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 46

Points to consider

• What did Cage consider the primary fault of all music since the Renaissance?• What are the most fundamental aspects of any organised sound?• What is the rela9onship between ‘global’ and ‘local’ in most composi9on?• How does the West usually appropriate music of other cultures?

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 47

• How appropriate is it for cultures to u1lise other materials? Are there any good or bad examples?

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 48

Thank you. Any ques/ons?

h"p://rhoadley.net/presenta1ons/mic2b_w10.pdf 49