Week #6 (11/18-11/22)Warm Up – Mon, 11/18:- Muscular System Pre-Test

Pick up:Muscles to Identify PPT notesMuscular System notes Part 1Muscular System Pre-TestBox of crayonsMr. Muscle Man diagramA colored pencilMuscle Tissue Comparison wkstMuscle Review wkst

Agenda:1. Begin Muscular System

-Identification of Quiz #1 Skeletal Muscles-Naming Skeletal Muscles-Structure & Function-Comparing 3 types of muscle tissue

Anatomy Fun Fact:Eye muscles are one of the busiest muscles in your body. Scientists believe they move more than 100,000 times a day!

Homework:1. Ch. 10 Tour –

Tues, 11/192. Muscles Quiz #1 –

Wed, 11/20 & Thurs, 11/21

THOSE WHO NEED TO MAKE UP THE APPENDICULAR & JOINTS EXAM:

• Per. 3:– Irelan– Megan

• Per. 4:– Justin– Michael– KJ– Jimmy– Andie

• Per. 5:– Jose– Sydney

• Per. 6:– Yadira– Sam– Kahri

• Please plan on coming in to any of my Office Hours THIS WEEK:– BEFORE school Mon-Fri (6:45-

7:15 a.m.)– Mon & Wed @ lunch– You will need about 40-50

mins to complete the Exam!

Muscular System

Pre-TestQUIETLY & INDIVIDUALLY complete the Muscular

System Pre-Test by using the KEY (colors & symbols) in the Pre-Unit column.Remember…be HONEST!This is your Study Guide for this Unit!

When finished, put your Muscular System Pre-Test in your Learning Scales/Goals & Pre-Tests section of your Anatomy Ntbk.Return the crayons to the box & the box to the light blue cubbie.

Thanks!

Learning Scales:4 – “Could Teach It” Confident = smiley face3 – Mastery; Confident = check mark2 – Need a refresher = star1 – Hmmm… = question mark0 – Never Head of It = question mark

PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

PART A6

The Muscular System

Latin Roots/Prefixes/Suffixes to KNOW!

• Myo/mys – muscle• Fila – thread• Epi – on• Endo – in• Peri – around• Sarco – flesh• Syn – together• Bi – 2 • Tri – 3• Quad – 4• Add – towards

• Orb – circular• Ora – mouth/spoken• Oculi – eye• Micro/mini – small• Max – large• Cardia – related to heart• Neuro – nervous, neural• Trans – across/over• Iso – same• Metr – distance• Ton - stretch

Skeletal Muscle Functions

• Produce movement• Maintain posture• Stabilize joints• Generate heat

Muscles & Body Movements• Movement is attained due to a muscle moving an

attached bone• Muscles are attached to

at least 2 points– Origin

• Attachment to immoveable bone

– Insertion• Attachment to movable

bone

Types of Muscles• Prime mover—muscle with major

responsibility for a certain movement• Antagonist—muscle that opposes or

reverses a prime mover• Synergist—muscle that aids a prime mover

in a movement & helps prevent rotation• Fixator—stabilizes origin of a prime mover

Naming Skeletal Muscles• By direction of muscle

fibers– Examples

• Rectus (straight)• Transverse

(horizontal)• Oblique (angle)

• By relative size of the muscle– Examples

• Maximus (largest)• Minimus (smallest)• Longus (longest)

• By location of the muscle– Examples

• Temporalis (temporal bone)

• Occipitalis (occipital bone)

• By number of origins– Examples

• Triceps (3 heads)• Biceps (2 heads)• Quadriceps (4

muscles in group)

Naming Skeletal Muscles• By location of the muscle’s

origin & insertion– Example

• Sternocleidomastoid (on the sternum)

• By action of the muscle– Examples

• Flexor (flexes a bone)• Extensor (extends a

bone)• Abductor (abducts a limb)• Adductor (adducts a limb)

• By shape of the muscle– Examples

• Deltoid (triangular)• Trapezius (trapezoid)

Superficial Muscles:

AnteriorIdentify (by number) & color-code (all the same color) the following Anterior Muscles:

-Orbicularis oris

-Pectoralis major

-External oblique

-Adductor group

-Vastus medialis

Superficial Muscles: Posterior

Identify (by number) & color-code (all the same color) the following Posterior Muscles:

-Adductor group

-Gluteus maximus

-Gastrocnemius

Naming Skeletal Muscles Review

• Identify 1 skeletal muscle we have learned that is named for…– Its relative size?

• Gluteus maximus

– Its location on the body?• Latissimus dorsi

– Its shape?• Orbicularis oris

– The number of origins?• Biceps brachii

– The direction of muscle fibers?• External obliques

3!

The Muscular System• Muscles are responsible for all types of

body movement

• 3 muscle types are found in the body– Skeletal muscle

• Attached to bone & skin• Produce movement, stabilize joints, provide

posture & generate heat

– Cardiac muscle• Walls of the heart• Protect the heart & produce contractions of

the heart walls

– Smooth muscle• Walls of hollow visceral (i.e, stomach) organs

(except heart) • Protect organs & produce slow contractions

Comparison of Skeletal, Cardiac & Smooth Muscles

Characteristics of Muscles• All muscles share some terminology

– myo & mys refer to “muscle”– sarco refers to “flesh”

• Skeletal & smooth muscle cells are elongated (muscle cell = muscle fiber)

• Contraction of muscles is due to the movement (pulling together) of microfilaments (micro = “small”; fila = “thread”)

Cardiac muscle

Smooth muscle

Involuntary controlled by autonomic nervous system

Skeletal muscle (aka striped or striated muscle)

Voluntary controlled by somatic nervous system

Smooth Muscle Characteristics• Lacks striations• Spindle-shaped cells• Single nucleus• Involuntary—no conscious

control

• Contractions happen very slowly

• Found mainly in the walls of hollow organs– Stomach, urinary bladder,

respiratory passages

Cardiac Muscle Characteristics• Striations• Usually has a single nucleus• Branching cells • Joined to another

muscle cell at an intercalated disc

• Involuntary• Contractions

happen slowly • Found only in

the heart

Skeletal Muscle Characteristics• Most are attached by tendons to bones• Cells are multinucleated• Striated—have visible banding• Voluntary—subject to conscious control• Contractions happen slow to fast• Muscles are either contracted or relaxed

– Contracted the muscle exerts pulling force = muscle shortens

– Since muscles can only pull (not push), they work in pairs (antagonistic muscles)

• Example: Biceps & Triceps– Muscle that bends joint is called the flexor muscle– Muscle that straightens joint is called the extensor

muscle

EXAMPLEElbow joint flexed

Flexor m uscles contractedExtensor muscles re laxed

Elbow joint extendedExtensor muscles contracted

Flexor m uscles relaxed

biceps

triceps

Section through arm

Flexorm uscles

Extensor m uscles

Hum erusBone

Closing Activity

Comparing 3 Muscles Tissues wkst•Work INDIVIDUALLY on the wkst using the notes we just discussed!

Week #6 (11/18-11/22)Warm Up – Tues, 11/19:- Web of Life article

Turn in:Ch. 10 Tour

Have out:Muscular System notes Part 1Mr. Muscle Man

Pick up:A colored pencil (different than yesterday’s)Web of Life article & questionnaireConnective Tissue Wr. of Sk. Mus. diagramAnatomy Muscular System Review packet

Agenda:1. Identify Muscle Quiz #2 Muscles2. Continue Muscular System notes

- Connective Tissue Wrappings & Layers of Muscles

Anatomy Fun Fact:There are muscle cells in the longest body muscle (Sartorius) which are more than a foot in length.

Homework:1. Muscles Quiz #1 –

Wed, 11/20 & Thurs, 11/21

2. Web of Life article wkst – Fri, 11/22

3. Muscles Quiz #2 – Mon, 11/25

THOSE WHO NEED TO MAKE UP THE APPENDICULAR & JOINTS EXAM:

• Per. 3:– Irelan– Megan

• Per. 4:– Justin– Michael– KJ– Jimmy– Andie

• Per. 5:– Jose– Sydney

• Per. 6:– Yadira– Sam– Kahri

• Please plan on coming in to any of my Office Hours THIS WEEK:– BEFORE school Mon-Fri (6:45-

7:15 a.m.)– Mon & Wed @ lunch– You will need about 40-50

mins to complete the Exam!

The Web of Life

• Read quietly through the article about the connective tissue known as fascia, “The Web of Life” (please do NOT write on the article copy).

• Reciprocal teaching activity???

• QUESTIONNAIRE:– Answer the questions in

COMPLETE SENTENCES on your questionnaire.

– Due Fri, 11/22

Superficial Muscles:

AnteriorIdentify (by number) & color-code (all the same color) the following Anterior Muscles:

-Sternocleidomastoid

-Biceps brachii

-Deltoid

-Vastus lateralis

-Transverse abdominis

Superficial Muscles: Posterior

Identify (by number) & color-code (all the same color) the following Posterior Muscles:

-Latissimus dorsi

-Deltoid

-Semitendinosus

Connective Tissue Wrappings & Attachments of Skeletal

Muscle• Tendons—cord-

like structures – Mostly collagen

fibers– Attach muscle belly

to bone

Figure 6.1

Connective Tissue Wrappings & Attachments of Skeletal

Muscle• Cells are surrounded & bundled by connective tissue

– Fascia—tough connective tissue, outside of the epimysium of the muscle belly, that creates a 3-D web around every muscle

Figure 6.1

Connective Tissue Wrappings & Attachments of Skeletal

Muscle• Cells are surrounded &

bundled by connective tissue– Epimysium—covers the

entire skeletal muscle (muscle belly)

Figure 6.1

Connective Tissue Wrappings & Attachments of Skeletal

Muscle• Cells are surrounded &

bundled by connective tissue– Perimysium—wraps

around a fascicle (bundle) of muscle fibers

Figure 6.1

Connective Tissue Wrappings & Attachments of Skeletal

Muscle• Cells are surrounded &

bundled by connective tissue– Endomysium—encloses

a single muscle fiber

Figure 6.1

Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle

• Sarcolemma—specialized plasma membrane that surrounds a myofibril

• Myofibrils—long organelles inside muscle cell

Week #6 (11/18-11/22)Warm Up – Wed, 11/20 & Thurs, 11/21:- Biomechanics wksts – Part A & B

Have out:Musc. Sys. Rev. Packet

Pick up:Biomechanics Part A & B wkstRuler3 different colored pencilsMuscle Structure diagram

Agenda:1. Muscles Quiz #12. Bionics article, prompt & writing

response3. Muscular System Review Packet (in

class review)

Anatomy Fun Fact:Muscles in the middle of the ear are the smallest muscles present in the human body.

Homework:1. Web of Life article

wkst – Fri, 11/222. Muscles Quiz #2 –

Mon, 11/25

3. Muscular Sys. Rev. packet – Wed, 11/27

NOT HERE - Wed

Biceps Biomechanics Part B

• Using the information from last week’s Biomechanics warm-up, the picture to the right & the wkst/ ruler, complete Biceps Biomechanics Part B.

• Return your rulers to the bin when finished!

Muscles to Identify Quiz #1

• Pick up 1 colored pencil (ALL muscles will be color-code with 1 color).

• QUIETLY take the quiz & turn it in to the Hmwk Bin when finished.

National Geographic: Bionics• Read through the article “Bionics”

(read-around, partners, solo?).

• You may annotate the article as you please (symbols, writing in margins, highlighting).

• Prompt: “We are giving people tools. They are better than what previously existed. But they are still crude, like a hammer, compared with the complexity of the human body. They can’t hold a candle to Mother Nature.”

– Using your knowledge of the interdependence of organ systems in the human body & how skeletal muscle is organized & using direct information about bionics in the article, discuss why this quote is so truthful.

– 3-paragraph response (opening, body, closing)

• Bionics - Photo Gallery

The Web of Life

• QUESTIONNAIRE:– Answer the questions

in COMPLETE SENTENCES on your questionnaire.

– Due Fri, 11/22

Week #6 (11/18-11/22)Warm Up – Fri, 11/22:- Organization of Skeletal Muscle Review

Have out:Mr. Muscle ManA colored pencil (different than other 2 colors)Sk. Muscle diagram

Turn in:Web of Life article wkst

Agenda:1. Identify Muscles for Quiz #32. Review: Play Doh Muscles Activity3. Bionics article & writing (in class time)

Anatomy Fun Fact:As the body gets cold, heat is generated due to shivering which causes rapid muscle contractions.

Homework:1. Muscles Quiz #2 – Mon,

11/252. Muscular Sys. Rev.

packet – Tues, 11/26 & Wed, 11/27

3. Bionics writing response (if not finished in class) – Tues, 11/26 & Wed, 11/27

4. Muscles Quiz #3 – Tues, 11/26 & Wed, 11/27

5. Muscle System Quiz #1 (Structure, Function & Organization) – Tues, 12/3

Skeletal Muscle OrganizationName the following structures & connective tissue wrappings of skeletal muscle.

B (wrapping)

D (wrapping)

A (structure)

C (structure)

E (wrapping)

F (structure)

G(structure)

Superficial Muscles:

AnteriorIdentify (by number) & color-code (all the same color) the following Anterior Muscles:

-Frontalis

-Rectus femoris

-Sartorius

-Gracilis

-Masseter

-Rectus abdominis

Superficial Muscles: Posterior

Identify (by number) & color-code (all the same color) the following Posterior Muscles:

-Soleus

-Biceps femoris

-Triceps brachii

REVIEW of SKELETAL MUSCLE STRUCTURE:Play Doh Activity

• Using the 4 colors of modeling clay, develop a mini replica of skeletal muscle, including…– 1 muscle belly– At least 3 fascicles– At least 3 muscle fibers within each fascicle– At least 3 myofibrils within each muscle fiber

Muscle bellyFascicles

Muscle fibers

Myofibrils

National Geographic: Bionics• Read through the article “Bionics”

(read-around, partners, solo?).

• You may annotate the article as you please (symbols, writing in margins, highlighting).

• Prompt: “We are giving people tools. They are better than what previously existed. But they are still crude, like a hammer, compared with the complexity of the human body. They can’t hold a candle to Mother Nature.”

– Using your knowledge of the interdependence of organ systems in the human body & how skeletal muscle is organized & using direct information about bionics in the article, discuss why this quote is so truthful.

– 3-paragraph response (opening, body, closing)

• Bionics - Photo Gallery