WEIMAR GERMANYWEIMAR GERMANY1919-19331919-1933

Frederic EBERT

Was the first president of Germany

WOMEN VOTING FOR THE FIRST TIME IN GERMANY 1919

FAILURE OF DEMOCRACY IN GERMANYFAILURE OF DEMOCRACY IN GERMANY

Bloodless Bloodless Revolution 1918Revolution 1918

Kaiser fled to Holland Kaiser fled to Holland and a republic was and a republic was proclaimedproclaimed

A new constitution A new constitution was written in the was written in the small town of small town of WeimarWeimar..

GERMAN PARLIAMENTGERMAN PARLIAMENT

REICHSTAG

PRESIDENT CHANCELLOR REICHSRAT

CIVIL UNREST IN GERMANYCIVIL UNREST IN GERMANY Democracy was new and untestedDemocracy was new and untested The German Civilian Population was The German Civilian Population was

Unhappy BecauseUnhappy Because:: Post War recessionPost War recession Germany had lost the war (people blamed Germany had lost the war (people blamed

the Gov’t)the Gov’t) Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles War Guilt ClauseWar Guilt Clause Lack of food and suppliesLack of food and supplies

Three Attempted Revolutions in GermanyThree Attempted Revolutions in Germany

On January 1, 1919 the communists Party On January 1, 1919 the communists Party (Spartacists) attempted to executed a short-(Spartacists) attempted to executed a short-lived communist revolution in Berlinlived communist revolution in Berlin Ebert ordered the army and the Frei Korps Ebert ordered the army and the Frei Korps to crush the revolution.to crush the revolution.Luxemburg and Liebknecht, were killed Luxemburg and Liebknecht, were killed and their bodies dumped in a river. and their bodies dumped in a river. Hundreds of Spartacists were executed in Hundreds of Spartacists were executed in the weeks following the uprising. the weeks following the uprising.

LiebknechtLiebknecht ROSA LUXEMBRUG

COMMUNISTS (SPARTACISTS)

FREI KORP FIGHTING SPARTACISTS

2. KAPP PUTSCH2. KAPP PUTSCH

Parts of the military Parts of the military seized Berlin and seized Berlin and appointed Kapp as appointed Kapp as ChancellorChancellor

This coup was This coup was stopped when the stopped when the public staged a public staged a general strike of general strike of protest.protest. Wolfgang KAPP

3. 3. BEER HALL PUTSCH ORBEER HALL PUTSCH ORMUNICH PUTSCH 1923MUNICH PUTSCH 1923

National Socialist German National Socialist German Workers PartyWorkers Party

1923 1923 During the During the Ruhr OccupationRuhr Occupation, , Hitler Led his march Hitler Led his march on Munichon Munich

Hitler and Ludendorff Hitler and Ludendorff were arrestedwere arrested

Hitler was sentenced Hitler was sentenced to 5 years in prison to 5 years in prison (served 9 months)(served 9 months)

He wrote “MEIN He wrote “MEIN KAMPF”KAMPF”

YOUNG HITLER

NAZIS MARCHING TO TOWN HALL

FRENCH OCCUPATION OF THE RUHRFRENCH OCCUPATION OF THE RUHR

In 1923 Germany In 1923 Germany stopped paying stopped paying reparations reparations

France and France and Belgium sent Belgium sent troops to the Ruhr troops to the Ruhr (coal, steel, (coal, steel, industry) industry) To collect To collect reparations and reparations and cripple the German cripple the German economyeconomy

German workers German workers went on strike went on strike in in the Ruhrthe Ruhr

RESULTS OF THE OCCUPATIONRESULTS OF THE OCCUPATION:: Strikes in GermanyStrikes in Germany Beer Hall Putsch Beer Hall Putsch Sympathy for GermanySympathy for Germany DAWES PLANDAWES PLAN – Reparations were – Reparations were

renegotiated (1923) USA loans available to renegotiated (1923) USA loans available to Germany Germany

YOUNG PLAN 1929YOUNG PLAN 1929 – Payment plan for – Payment plan for decreased reparationsdecreased reparations

Gustav Stressman (German foreign Gustav Stressman (German foreign Minister and Chancellor) ended the strikes Minister and Chancellor) ended the strikes (French Troops left in 1925)(French Troops left in 1925)

GERMAN HYPER INFLATIONGERMAN HYPER INFLATION

German currency “de-German currency “de-valued” dramaticallyvalued” dramatically

Inflation increased in Inflation increased in the “thousands of %the “thousands of %

German money German money became worthlessbecame worthless

Eventually the Eventually the currency was replaced currency was replaced with a new currencywith a new currency

(Rentenmark(Rentenmark))

MILLION MARK NOTE

USING MONEY FOR FIRE WOOD

GOLDEN YEARS FOR GERMANY 1923-28GOLDEN YEARS FOR GERMANY 1923-28 Stresemann became Stresemann became

Chancellor of GermanyChancellor of Germany 1. He stabilized the 1. He stabilized the

German currencyGerman currency 2. Ordered the workers 2. Ordered the workers

back in the Ruhrback in the Ruhr 3. Germany continued to 3. Germany continued to

pay reparationspay reparations 4. Negotiated the Young 4. Negotiated the Young

and Dawes Plansand Dawes Plans 5. Joined the league of 5. Joined the league of

NationsNations 6. Signed the Lacarno 6. Signed the Lacarno

Treaties Treaties

Stresemann

Stresemann at the League of Nations

LOCARNO PACT 1925LOCARNO PACT 1925

Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Czechoslovakia, Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Czechoslovakia, Belgium and PolandBelgium and Poland signed treaties in Locarno signed treaties in Locarno Switzerland. Switzerland.

settled security issues from World War I. settled security issues from World War I. (Germany promised not to attack anyone)(Germany promised not to attack anyone)

confirmed Germany’s borders with France and confirmed Germany’s borders with France and Belgium. (from the Treaty of Versailles)Belgium. (from the Treaty of Versailles)

Germany also signed agreements on borders with Germany also signed agreements on borders with her eastern neighbors, Poland and her eastern neighbors, Poland and Czechoslovakia.Czechoslovakia.

The Lacarno Pact made it possible for Germany to The Lacarno Pact made it possible for Germany to enter the League of Nations.enter the League of Nations.

This commenced an era of international harmony This commenced an era of international harmony