Welcome Anatomical Directions Anatomical Planes Flexion ...clinicalanatomy.ca/labs/411movements.pdf · Welcome Introduction Flexion & Extension Flexion Extension Abduction & Adduction

Pronation & Supination

Introduction to Anatomy: Anatomical Movements

Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension

Abduction & Adduction

Rotational Movements

Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2

Anatomical Directions

Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes

Introduction to Anatomy:Anatomical Movements

Welcome



Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes

NavigationThere are two ways to move through this module:

1) Scroll through the PDF2) Click on the title headings on the left side of the screen

When you first start studying Anatomy, it can feel a lot like trying to learn a new language! Many of the terms used to describe anatomical movements differ from those used when talking about the body in everyday conversation. This can be confusing for new learners.

The goal of this tutorial is to help you learn the terms used to describe anatomical movements in order to make learning Anatomy a little easier.

Each anatomical movement is explained with a definition and a diagram. In some cases, photos have also been included. You can find an index of all of the movements at the end of the module.

There are two quizzes at the end of this module to help you test your knowledge.

Good luck!

Introduction



Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes

Medial Lateral

Proximal

Distal

Proximal

Distal

Lateral Medial

Midline

Superior

Inferior


Anatomical directions are used to orient the position of a body part in relation to the rest of the body

Superior: Above; towards the headInferior: Below; towards the feet

Proximal: Closer to an attached area, or the trunkDistal: Further from an attached area, or the trunk

Medial: Toward the midlineLateral: Away from the midline

Anterior (Ventral): Front of the bodyPosterior (Dorsal): Back of the body (not shown)

NOTE: The terms proximal and distal are used to describe the upper and lower limbs only. For example: The hand is distal to the elbow (i.e., the hand is further away from an attached area [the shoulder] than the elbow)

Anatomical Position

Anterior (Ventral)




Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes

Anatomical drawings from: https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/1-introduction

Anatomical Planes

Frontal (Coronal) plane: Divides front (anterior) from back (posterior)

Sagittal plane: Divides left from right

Transverse (Horizontal) plane: Divides horizontally, creating inferior and superior sections

Memorization Hint:To remember the FRONTAL (CORONAL) PLANE, imagine a crown with a sharp, blade-like edge that, when worn on the head, slices all the way through the body. Ouch, that’s a coronation gone wrong!

Memorization Hint: To remember the TRANSVERSE (HORIZONTAL) PLANE, imagine a magic trick where the magician pretends to saw their assistant in half!

Anatomical Planes

https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/1-introduction



Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes

Flexion: Movement that decreases the angle between two bones or two parts of the body

Extension: Movement that increases the angle between two bones or two parts of the body

Plane of movement: Sagittal plane

Where it happens: Neck, arm at the shoulder, forearm at the elbow, hand at the wrist, digits, spine, thigh at the hip, leg at the knee


Flexion & Extension




Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes

Flexion of the forearm at the elbow

Flexion of the arm at the shoulder

Flexion of the thigh at the hip* Flexion of the leg at the kneeFlexion of the hand at the wrist

Flexion of the head at the neck

Flexion of the spine

Flexion: Movement that decreases the angle between two bones or parts of the body

* Note: This photo also demonstrates flexion of the leg at the knee – can you see it?

Flexion

Click here to see how the angles change with movement



Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes

Flexion of the forearm at the elbow

Flexion of the arm at the shoulder

Flexion of the thigh at the hip* Flexion of the leg at the kneeFlexion of the hand at the wrist

Flexion of the head at the neck

Flexion of the spine

Flexion: Movement that decreases the angle between two bones or parts of the body

* NOTE: This photo also demonstrates flexion of the leg at the knee – can you see it?

Flexion

Back



Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes

Extension: Movement that increases the angle between two bones of parts of the body

* NOTE: This photo also demonstrates flexion of the thigh at the hip – can you see it?

Extension of the head at the neck

Extension of the arm at the shoulder

Extension of the forearm at the elbow

Extension of the hand at the wrist

Extension of the spine Extension of the thigh at the hip Extension of the leg at the knee*

Extension

Click here to see how the angles change with movement



Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes

Extension: Movement that increases the angle between two bones of parts of the body

* NOTE: This photo also demonstrates flexion of the thigh at the hip – can you see it?

Extension of the head at the neck

Extension of the arm at the shoulder

Extension of the forearm at the elbow

Extension of the hand at the wrist

Extension of the spine Extension of the thigh at the hip Extension of the leg at the knee*

Extension

Back



Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes

Abduction: Movement of the limb/digit away from the midline (laterally)

Adduction: Movement of the limb/digit towards the midline (medially)

Plane of movement: Frontal plane

Where it happens: Arm at the shoulder, digits, thigh at the hip

Memorization Hint: ABduction and ADduction are the same movements you make when you do jumping jacks

Memorization Hint: To remember ADduction, think of things being brought together and added up

Memorization Hint: To remember ABduction, imagine something being taken away

Midline

Lateral Medial




Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes


Rotation: Turning around a central longitudinal axis

The head can be rotated to the left and the right (i.e., shaking the head “no”)

Rotation of the limbs occurs when the forward-facing (anterior) surface is turned internally (medially) towards the midline, or externally (laterally), away from the midline

Where it happens: Head, arm at the shoulder, thigh at the hip

Medial Lateral

Midline





Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes

Pronation: Rotation of the forearm (radius bone) inwards (medially),causing the palm to face downwards

Memorization Hint: To remember SUPINATION, imagine holding a bowl of soup in your hands


Supination: Rotation of the forearm (radius bone) outwards (laterally), causing the palm to face upwards

Supination

Pronation

Ulna

Radius

Ulna

Radius





Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes

Abduction of digits (fingers) Adduction of digits (fingers)

Flexion of digits (fingers) Extension of digits (fingers)

Flexion of thumb Extension of thumb

Hand Movements

The hands are capable of many movements, due to their complex structure of muscles and joints

Memorization Hint: When you give the “thumbs up,” your thumb is EXTENDED, and your other fingers are FLEXED

Neutral (Anatomical) Position

Midline

Note: In the hand, the third finger (middle finger) is considered midline

Hand Movements 1



Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes

Abduction of the thumb: Moving the thumb to a position that is 90 degrees perpendicular to the palm

Adduction of the thumb: Reversal of abduction (returning the thumb to neutral position)

Opposition: Movement of the pad of the thumb to touch another finger

Reposition: Reversal of opposition (returning thumb to neutral position)

Opposition of thumb Reposition of thumb

Abduction of thumb

Adduction of thumb

Memorization Hint: Imagine holding a stack of plates, with your thumb raised to support them. In this position, the thumb is ABducted.

Abduction of thumb (side view)

Hand Movements 2



Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes


Plantar Flexion: Pushing or pointing the toes and the ball of the foot down towards the ground (i.e., standing on “tip toes”)

Dorsiflexion: Standing on the heel of the foot, with the toes pointing up towards the sky

Inversion: Moving the foot to turn the sole inwards (medially)

Eversion: Moving the foot to turn the sole outwards (laterally)

Medial Lateral

Other Movements 1




Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes


Elevation: Moving a body part upwards (superiorly)

Depression: Moving a body part downwards (inferiorly)

Where it happens: Eyelid, jaw (mandible), shoulder

Protraction: Moving a body part forwards (anteriorly)

Retraction: Moving a body part backwards (posteriorly)

Where it happens: Jaw (mandible), scapula

Posterior Anterior

Superior

Inferior

Other Movements 2




Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes


Lateral Flexion: Bending the vertebral column (spine) to the side

Where it happens: Neck (cervical spine), upper back (thoracic spine)

Circumduction: Movement at the joint that causes the limb to move in a circle

Note: Circumduction is a compound movement that involves abduction, adduction, extension, and flexion

Where it happens: Ball-and-socket joints (e.g., shoulder, hip)

Lateral flexion at the spine

Other Movements 3




Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes

Quiz 1What is the anatomical movement depicted by the arrow? (Click on each photo to see a larger image)

1 2 3

4 5 6

Quiz 1



Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes

1

Back to Quiz 1

Quiz 1



Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes

2

Back to Quiz 1

Quiz 1



Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes

3

Back to Quiz 1

Quiz 1



Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes

4

Back to Quiz 1

Quiz 1



Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes

5

Back to Quiz 1

Quiz 1



Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes

6

Back to Quiz 1

Quiz 1



Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes

Quiz 2Which description correctly describes the anatomical movement?(Click on each photo to see a larger image)

1 a) Flexion of the hands at the wristsb) Extension of the hands at the wrists

2 a) Flexion at the spineb) Extension at the spine

3 a) Flexion of the thigh at the hipb) Extension of the thigh at the hip

4 a) Pronation of the forearmb) Supination of the forearm

5 a) Eversion of the feetb) Inversion of the feet

6 a) Abduction of the fingersb) Adduction of the fingers

1 2

3 4

5 6

Quiz 2



Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes

1

Back to Quiz 2

Quiz 2



Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes

2

Back to Quiz 2

Quiz 2



Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes

3

Back to Quiz 2

Quiz 2



Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes

4

Back to Quiz 2

Quiz 2



Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes

5

Back to Quiz 2

Quiz 2



Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes

6

Back to Quiz 2

Quiz 2



Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes

Quiz Answer Keys

Quiz 1

1) Flexion of the forearm at the elbow

2) Abduction of the arm at the shoulder

3) Abduction of the thigh at the hip

4) Lateral flexion of the spine

5) Flexion of the leg at the knee

6) Extension of the hand at the wrist

Quiz 2

1) Flexion of the hands at the wrist (a)

2) Extension of the spine (b)

3) Flexion of the thigh at the hip (a)

4) Pronation of the forearm (a)

5) Eversion of the feet (a)

6) Abduction of the fingers (a)

Quiz Answer Keys



Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes

Movement Description

Abduction Movement of the limb/digit away from the midline (laterally)

Adduction Movement of the limb/digit towards the midline (medially)

Circumduction Movement at the joint that causes the distal limb to move in a circle

Depression Moving a body part downwards (inferiorly)

Dorsiflexion Standing on the heel of the foot, with the toes pointing up towards the sky

Elevation Moving a body part upwards (superiorly)

Eversion Moving the foot to turn the sole outwards (laterally)

Extension Movement that increases the angle between two body parts

Flexion Movement that decreases the angle between two body parts

Inversion Moving the foot to turn the sole inwards (medially)

Lateral flexion Bending the vertebral column (spine) to the side

Opposition Movement of the pad of the thumb to touch another finger

Plantar flexion Pushing or pointing the toes and ball of the foot towards the ground (i.e., standing on “Tip Toes”)

Pronation Rotation of the forearm (radius) inwards (medially), causing the palm to face downwards

Protraction Moving a body part forwards (anteriorly)

Reposition Reversal of Opposition (returning pad of thumb to anatomical position)

Retraction Moving a body part backwards (posteriorly)

Rotation Turning to the side around a central longitudinal axis

Supination Rotation of the forearm (radius) outwards (laterally), causing the palm to face upwardsIndex of Movements



Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes

AcknowledgementsCreated for UBC MDUP FLEX 429, Spring 2020Student: Kimberlee Hart (Island Medical Program, Class of 2022)Supervisor: Kurt McBurney, Associate Teaching Professor, Island Medical Program, UBC

Inspired by EPHE 141 Human Anatomy Lab and the EPHE 141 Lab Manual (University of Victoria)

ReferencesBetts, J.G., Young, K. A., Wise, J.A., Johnson, E., Poe, B., Kruse, D.H., Korol, O., Johnson, J.E., Womble, M., & DeSaix, Peter (2013). Anatomy and Physiology. Houston, Texas: OpenStax. Retrieved from https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/1-introduction

Martini, F. H., Timmons, M. J., & Tallitsch, R. B. (2015). Human Anatomy, Eighth Edition. Toronto, ON: Pearson Education Inc.

Moore, K.L., Dalley, A.F., & Agur, A. M. M. (2018). Clinically Oriented Anatomy, Eighth Edition. New York: Wolters Kluwer.

Acknowledgements



Welcome

Introduction

Flexion & Extension

Flexion

Extension



Hand Movements

Other Movements 1

Other Movements 3

Quiz 1

Quiz Answer Keys

Index of Movements

Acknowledgements

Other Movements 2

Quiz 2


Hand Movements 2

Anatomical Planes

Image Credits and AttributionsMedical Illustration (Slide 3)Paige Blumer (UBC)

Anatomical DrawingsBetts, J.G., Young, K. A., Wise, J.A., Johnson, E., Poe, B., Kruse, D.H., Korol, O., Johnson, J.E., Womble, M., & DeSaix, Peter (2013). Anatomy and Physiology. Houston, Texas: OpenStax. Retrieved from https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/1-introduction

Images and Photographs (Listed in order of appearance)Leonardo da Vinci artist QS:P170,Q762, Vitruvian, marked as public domain, more details on Wikimedia Commons

Pierre-Yves Beaudouin / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0, Mondial Ping - Men's Doubles - Semifinals - 34, CC BY-SA 3.0

Paul L Dineen, Safe (4779502220), CC BY 2.0

Ludovic Péron, Leosvel et Diosmani - 4, CC BY-SA 3.0

Mr. Yoga, Mr-yoga-sideways pose (cropped), CC BY-SA 4.0

--Steindy, Hertha BSC vs. West Ham United 20190731 (089), CC BY-SA 4.0

Fernando Frazão/Agência Brasil, ESTADOS UNIDOS LEVAM OURO NA GINÁSTICA FEMININA POR EQUIPES DOS JOGOS OLÍMPICOS RIO 2016 (28849586476), CC BY 2.0

Theatrical Artwork by Laura Fiorucci. Picture by Wilfredor, Don Quijote de la Mancha en el Teatro Teresa Carreño, Caracas, Venezuela 3, CC0 1.0

Mr. Yoga, Mr-yoga-hands bound-sun salute, CC BY-SA 4.0

Keith Allison from Owings Mills, USA, Morgan Pressel - Flickr - Keith Allison (12), CC BY-SA 2.0

Extracted and retouched byバルバルディ; Original photo by Andrew from New York, USA, Nao Kodaira PyeongChang 2018, CC BY-SA 2.0

Martin Rulsch, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0, 2020-01-11 Figure skating at the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics – Ice dance rhythm dance – Jeffrey Chen and Katarina Wolfkostin (Martin Rulsch) 06, CC BY-SA 4.0

Kuebi, Kiril Lazarov 06, CC BY-SA 3.0

Acknowledgements


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Leonardo_da_Vinci

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https://lizenzhinweisgenerator.de/wiki/Main_Page

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https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mondial%20Ping%20-%20Men's%20Doubles%20-%20Semifinals%20-%2034.jpg

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode

https://www.flickr.com/people/21983356@N00

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Safe%20(4779502220).png

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Ludo29

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Leosvel%20et%20Diosmani%20-%204.jpg


https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mr-yoga-sideways%20pose%20(cropped).jpg


https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Steindy

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hertha_BSC_vs._West_Ham_United_20190731_(089).jpg



https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ESTADOS%20UNIDOS%20LEVAM%20OURO%20NA%20GIN%C3%81STICA%20FEMININA%20POR%20EQUIPES%20DOS%20JOGOS%20OL%C3%8DMPICOS%20RIO%202016%20(28849586476).jpg

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https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Laura_Fiorucci

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Wilfredor

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Don%20Quijote%20de%20la%20Mancha%20en%20el%20Teatro%20Teresa%20Carre%C3%B1o,%20Caracas,%20Venezuela%203.jpg

https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mr-yoga-hands%20bound-sun%20salute.jpg



https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Morgan%20Pressel%20-%20Flickr%20-%20Keith%20Allison%20(12).jpg


https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:%E3%83%90%E3%83%AB%E3%83%90%E3%83%AB%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3


https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nao%20Kodaira%20PyeongChang%202018.jpg


https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2020-01-11_Figure_skating_at_the_2020_Winter_Youth_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Ice_dance_rhythm_dance_%E2%80%93_Jeffrey_Chen_and_Katarina_Wolfkostin_(Martin_Rulsch)_06.jpg


https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2020-01-11%20Figure%20skating%20at%20the%202020%20Winter%20Youth%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Ice%20dance%20rhythm%20dance%20%E2%80%93%20Jeffrey%20Chen%20and%20Katarina%20Wolfkostin%20(Martin%20Rulsch)%2006.jpg


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https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kiril%20Lazarov%2006.jpg


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Welcome Anatomical Directions Anatomical Planes Flexion ...clinicalanatomy.ca/labs/411movements.pdf · Welcome Introduction Flexion & Extension Flexion Extension Abduction & Adduction