WellFlo® Well-Analysis Software

8/20/2019 WellFlo® Well-Analysis Software

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mpletion

oduction

ervention

Drilling

aluation

Production optimization

Articial lift

Control systems

Flow measurement

Reservoir monitoring

Software

– Analysis Workbench articial-lift analysis

– DataMart™ analytical data

– DTSPlus™ temperature proling

– DynaLift™ dynamic gas-lift optimization

– i-DO® real-time optimization solution – LOWIS™ life-of-well information software

– MatBal® reservoir analysis and production

forecasting

– PanMesh™ numerical well-test analysis

– PanSystem® well-test analysis

– PetroAtlas™ petroleum engineering

knowledgebase

– PVTex™ uid property analysis

– ReO® network management optimization

– ReO Forecast™ production forecasting and

eld planning

– RigPlan™ resource scheduling

– RMS reservoir monitoring system

– Verge™ production surveillance

– WellFlo® well analysis

– WellScribe™ mobile data collection

– WSM well-service manager

Subsea production

WellFlo®

Well-Analysis Software

Production optimization software tools

Field Office™



© 2008–2011 Weatherford. All rights reserved.2

Design, model, optimize and troubleshoot naturally owing

or articially lifted individual oil and gas wells.

Weatherford’s production optimization

division provides solutions to increase

production and lower lifting costs in

greenelds and brownelds. We deliver

agile, well-supported products and

services that foster innovative optimizing

approaches for owing wells and all

forms of articial lift. The software,

hardware and completion solutions help

you work better, smarter and faster.

WellFlo analysis

WellFlo® well-analysis software is a powerful and simple-

to-use standalone application to design, model, optimize

and troubleshoot individual oil and gas wells, whether

naturally owing or articially lifted. With this software, the

engineer builds well models, using a guided step-by-step well

conguration interface. These accurate and rigorous models

display the behavior of reservoir inow, well tubing and surface

pipeline ow, for any reservoir uid. Using WellFlo software

results in more effective capital expenditure by enhancing

the design of wells and completions, reduces operating

expenditure by nding and curing production problems,and augments revenues by improving well performance.

Applications

The WellFlo software package is a single well tool that uses nodal

analysis techniques to model reservoir inow and well outow

performance. WellFlo modeling can be applied to designing, optimizing

and troubleshooting individual wells. Specic applications for which the

software can be used include:

• Well conguration design for maximum performance over life of well

• Completion design to maximize well performance over life of well• Articial-lift design

• Prediction of owing temperatures and pressures in wells and

owlines and at surface equipment for optimum design calculations

• Reservoir, well and owline monitoring

• Generation of vertical-lift performance curves for use in reservoir

simulators

As well as these applications, the software has two key internal sub-

applications, which can be used as a standalone from the rest of the

program and offer the user an excellent engineering tool kit.

• Detailed reservoir inow performance modeling

– Multiple completion and perforation models

– Detailed skin analysis

• Detailed uid pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) modeling

– Fully compositional equation of state (EOS) based PVT models

for all uid types

– Black oil PVT models for oil and gas

– Tuning of PVT models using laboratory data



© 2008–2011 Weatherford. All rights reserved.

WellFlo® Well-Analysis Software

3

Inow and completion modeling

Well inow is an important factor in a

well’s performance. If your information

is limited, the WellFlo interface enables

you to enter a productivity index (PI),

reservoir pressure and inow model

such as Vogel. Alternatively, detailed

completion data—including damaged

zone, well deviation, partial penetration,

perforating specication, gravel-pack

information and fracture geometry—can

be entered to predict the effect on well

deliverability for vertical and horizontal wells.

A multilayer model is included for composite systems,

with each layer having its own uid, completion and inow

model. This model benets petroleum engineers who

are designing new completions or diagnosing problems

in performance. A sophisticated constant mass ow-rate

inow model can be used to include relative permeability

effects. These can be entered through tables or Corey

coefcients. This provides an extremely accurate technique

for performance forecasting in condensate and gas-cap

drive reservoirs, and is especially useful in predicting

performance as reservoir conditions and phase fractions

change in these elds.

PVT modeling

All pressure and ow modeling in hydrocarbon systems relies

on accurate modeling of uid properties as they vary with

pressure and temperature. The WellFlo PVT package includes

the important standard black oil correlations as well as fully

compositional EOS-based PVT. Both PVT models could

be tuned to laboratory data, such as constant composition

expansion (CCE), differential vaporization (DV), and constant

volume depletion (CVD). The application offers a wide choice

of industry standard black oil PVT correlations as well as

EOS, namely Peng Robinson and Soave Redlick Kwong

(SRK). The tuned correlation/EOS is then used throughoutthe program to calculate uid properties. As a result, you can

rely on the accuracy of the software’s performance predictions

and optimization operations, which often depend on accurate

calculations of uid properties. The application handles the

mixing uids from different layers very accurately and thus

enables users to specify different gas-oil ratios (GORs) for

different layers or gas composition for lift gas.

Inow

performance

plot comparing

multiple inow

performance

relationship

(IPR) methods

Relative permeability interface

Reservoir layers data




Flow assurance

The ow-assurance functionality enables users to perform

hydrate, wax and asphaltene analysis at any point in the well.

The application computes the solid formation curves using

in-situ uid composition dynamically and then displaying them

along with the calculated pressure and temperature prole for

fast and efcient analysis. The hydrate section also offers a

choice of industry standard inhibitors to mitigate the hydrate

formation risk proactively.

Tuning of well models

To be certain that analysis results can be trusted to match

reality, users need a way to tune their well model to measured

data. With many software packages, this task can prove to

be labor-intensive and challenging. In WellFlo®

software, thistask has been greatly simplied through the development of

an all new tuning mode. In this mode, users can use owing

pressure-gradient surveys to tune their outow performance

model and they can use multiple production well-test data sets

to tune their inow performance model.

The user can also perform tuning exercises for many ow

correlations simultaneously. The application displays the

results of all of them together for easy selection of the best

t correlation. For IPR tuning, WellFlo software can act as a

production well-test repository (for one year) and all the well

tests can be employed simultaneously for a tuning task.

Pressure traverse and temperature calculations

The pressure drop and temperature change between the bottom of the

well and the surface is normally the largest drop in the system. WellFlo

pressure-drop analysis incorporates all the important correlations for

this calculation. The temperature modeling options include manual

denition of temperature at each node, calculated and calibrated heat-

loss models, and a coupled temperature-pressure model. These options

enable you to dene heat-loss factors, either through the system’s

calculation or by direct input.

Plots of measured data and predictions can be shown simultaneously

on-screen enabling rapid matching. When performing pressure

traverse calculations, you have the option to capture other data instead

of pressure and temperature, such as in-situ phase densities and

velocities, ow regime and hold-up, plus the gravitational, frictional

and acceleration terms of the pressure drop. This data can be useful in

determining, for example, if erosional velocity limits are being exceeded.

Gas hydrates–inhibitors

Pressure and temperature versus depth

analysis for a gas-lift well

Tuning inow performance relationship

to measured data





5

Data export and import

WellFlo data export tools generate vertical ow table data

in DOS or UNIX format for use in Eclipse™, VIP® and other

reservoir simulators. These les are simply pasted into

the control decks for the simulator. Therefore, it becomes

practical to generate a vertical ow prole table for every well

in a eld appropriate to that particular well. Without this direct

link to simulators, a typical table is used for all wells because

of the shear impracticality of generating one table per well.

Report les can be generated in tab-separated form

to enable easy export of data to word processing and

spreadsheet packages. The ability to cut-and-paste in

the Windows® environment enables efcient generation

of reports, including graphs and other screen captures. A

graphics export option also enables plots to be saved directly

to le in a number of formats.

• UNIX and DOS owing-pressure-le generation for Eclipse,

VIP, CHEARS™, SimBest™ I and II, IMEX™, MoReS™,

GCOMP, COM4, sensor reservoir simulators and a multiwell

batch mode is available for some outputs.

• Key-worded le output is available for data transfer to other applications.

• Graphics export facility saves plots directly to le (BMP, GIF, JPG and

TIF formats).

• Reports can be opened directly in programs such as Word and Excel®.

Measured pressure depth or pressure and rate data can be imported

into theWellFlo

data repository and plotted on the same graphs as themodel’s prediction. This capability signicantly reduces the time taken

to produce a matched data model. An auto-regression option estimates

the optimum ow correlation tuning factor by a least-squares t to the

measured data.

Eclipse, VIP, CHEARS, MoReS, IMEX SimBest, Excel and Windows are registered trademarks of their

respective companies.

Data export interface




Gas-lift design and analysis

Using the program’s specialized capabilities for gas lift,

engineers can design and model gas-lift installations and

determine the optimum number and position of the gas-lift

valves, as well as the injection rate taking into account the

available injection pressure.

Gas-lift design and diagnosis is a strength of the software,

making it a uniquely powerful gas-lift system—with its link

to the only commercially available dynamic gas-lift simulator,

Weatherford’s DynaLift™ program. This feature is critical in

a tool used for full gas-lift-system modeling and optimization.

This program enables you to incorporate gas-injection rate or

gas-liquid ratio terms as preferred. Together with the casing

head pressure, these factors are input as sensitivity variables. For every

rate specied, the program determines which valve is being used forgas injection so that the system’s predictions are always accurate.

WellFlo®

features include the following modes of operation for analyzing

and designing gas-lift systems:

• Continuous gas-lift design–deepest point of injection

• Gas-lift design–valve spacing for continuous and intermittent gas-

lift installations

• Gas-lift design–valve sizing

• Gas-lift performance analysis–for continuous gas lift

• Advanced gas-lift valve modeling (AGVM)–for continuous gas lift,

true-valve performance

Advanced gas-lift valve modeling

The pressures at which gas-lift valves allow gas to pass

and the amounts of gas they pass depend upon the way

they are constructed.

Orice valves are simple: if there is sufcient pressure in the

casing to reach the valve, then the major limitations on how

much gas can be passed through the valve are the port size

and the casing pressure.

Pressure controlled, or live, valves open at a pressure that

is dependent upon overcoming a resisting force (bellows

or spring). These mechanisms also allow the valve to be

fully or partially open and to pass variable amounts of gas,

depending upon the balance of tubing and casing pressures

and the valve port size.

The AGVM facility in the software introduces true-valve

performance into the computation of operating points.

Gas-lift design section showing gas-lift

valve spacing and valve calculations

AGVM injection pressure sensitivity for an

injection pressure-operated (IPO) valve





7

Electric submersible pumping (ESP) systems

WellFlo ESP module enables you to size new ESPs and

analyze performance of already installed ESPs. By using the

what-if scenarios feature of the software, you can virtually try

components of the system before deploying.

WellFlo software features extensive pump and motor catalogs

of world-leading ESP manufacturers. This benet enables

the best pump and motor selection for given well conditions.

WellFlo’s unique design approach automatically sizes a

complete ESP system consisting of a pump, motor and

cable, taking into consideration PI of the well, total dynamic

head (TDH) requirements, maximum allowable number of

stages for each pump model, motor efciency and maximum

recommended voltage drop in cable. After you have picked

one of the assemblies, it can be manually modied by

changing a motor or the number of pump stages to meet

the requirements of the available inventory in the eld.

WellFlo software provides a robust set of tools to size ESPs for

challenging well conditions such as emulsion or high free gas. An

application engineer can model emulsion in the PVT module of the

software. This way software predicts correct TDH and HP requirements.

Dunbar correlation is available to size and model ESP performance

in gassy wells. Dunbar correlation denes the minimum pump intake

pressure at which the well is still considered pumpable. Dropping intake

pressure below that leads to gas lock.

WellFlo software enables you to input measured intake and discharge

pressures and enables you to analyze performance of the existing ESP

and validate well-test data.

Multiple sensitivities on well conditions, changing frequency or wear

can be run to simulate future operational conditions and analyze uplift

potentials for production optimization.

ESP design mode



Progressing cavity pump (PCP) analysis

WellFlo®

software helps engineers analyze, optimize and

troubleshoot the performance of PCP systems. The module

uses nodal analysis techniques to model reservoir inow

and PCP well outow performance and denes the operating

range based on the conguration of the equipment.

The downhole equipment and the well performance can be

analyzed and optimized efciently by using nodal analysis.

This capability ensures that the equipment is correctly sized

based on the limits of the conguration of the equipment and

the application.

The module provides a catalog in the form of an equipment

database that enables the user to congure surface and

downhole equipment. The surface equipment includes

driveheads, electric motors and variable speed drives. The downholeequipment consists of casing and tubing, pumps, sucker rod string,

couplings and centralizers.

WellFlo analysis uses pump performance curves to determine the

operating parameters. It also has a special feature that enables the user

to calibrate the performance curve (ow and torque) based on actual

measured data and uses the new pump performance in the well model.

The PCP features include:

• Modeling of single and multiphase ow

• Viscosity modeling option for constant viscosity, viscosity based on

temperature effects and emulsion viscosity

• Extensive online downhole and surface equipment catalog

• Custom equipment option so user can add catalogs to the database

• Pump performance curves with measured data calibration feature

• Sucker rod design function for standard, continuous and hollow rods

along with couplings and centralizers

• Wellbore deviation conguration

• IPR and PVT tuning

• Operating point analysis with options to analyze based on

rate or speed

WellFlo PCP analysis

© 2008-2011 Weatherford. All rights reserved.8




Jet Pump

The WellFlo jet pump module enables new jet pump design

and analyzes performance of already installed jet pumps.

The software lists suitable pump combinations enabling thebest pump/nozzle selection for given well conditions. During

pump conguration, the combination choice displays the

performance curve along with the cavitation regions for both

power uid and production uid, providing the user a quick

guide to keep the operating point outside the cavitation regions.

WellFlo software’s unique design approach automatically

shows all suitable combinations available for a pump

and nozzle, taking into consideration well and operating

conditions. The list provides the operating range for the

minimum and maximum injection pressures that the facility

can handle and displays the rate of power uid neededalong with the required horsepower for the target production

rate. Optimizing the pump provides the required operating

pressure for expected production.

© 2008-2011 Weatherford. All rights reserved. 9

WellFlo’s jet pump design section with the list

of suitable pump combinations




Pseudo-pressure le generator (PPFG)

The multiphase PPFG (link with third-party PVT packages) is an additional

application that creates a table of multiphase pseudo-pressures from the

client’s own PVT. This application enables the clients to use their own PVT

modeling package. The multiphase pseudo-pressures generated by PPFG

can then be imported into WellFlo®

software for use in IPR calculations.

The PVT data are generated by the user’s preferred PVT package and

supplied to the software in the form of an ASCII le containing a table of

phase properties versus pressure at a specied (reservoir) temperature.

Properties required are viscosity, density and, for oil and condensate

systems, gas-mass fraction.

PPFG interfaces with WellFlo software via an external API link to extract

the relative permeability data which is part of the well and reservoir

model contained in the well le.

The generator then creates a multiphase pseudo-pressure le. This le

can be imported into the software and used as the basis for layer IPR

calculations. The use of external PVT data is an alternative to the use of

the software’s own internal PVT models, such as four-component EOS and

black oil correlations.

Each layer in the WellFlo model can be assigned its own pseudo-

pressure le, and each pseudo-pressure le can be generated from a

different set of PVT data so the accurate modeling of variations in uid

properties with depth and their effect on IPR becomes possible.

Document management

The latest software version addresses one of the most

important, yet often-overlooked, tasks facing users of the

program, through the development of a unique document

management system. Upon completion of an analysis or

design, users generally want to display and then save their

work in the form of a chart or report. Unfortunately, most

software packages do not provide an easy way of doing this.

In most cases, the chart or report is only available for viewing

for as long as it is displayed on the screen. The creators of

the WellFlo systems analysis platform have developed a new

feature called Output, which addresses this need. Users cannow save and organize any chart or report that is generated in

the software. Once the item is saved, it is available for viewing

in the Output section, where it can easily be recalled using

the document management feature that is provided. This feature means

that users can easily display, print or e-mail any analysis results from any

well model, regardless of which model is active at the time. This benet

can save the user hours of frustration and wasted effort while providing a

seamless way of viewing the results of prior analysis runs.

Output mode




© 2008-2011 Weatherford. All rights reserved. 11

Conclusion

The WellFlo well-analysis package is a sophisticated well-modeling tool

with a wide application for all producing or injecting oil wells. With more

than a decade of use in applications in all major hydrocarbon-producing

regions, it has beneted from the wide range of technical environments

in which it has been used. WellFlo software builds on this pedigree,

providing a new level of sophistication, exibility and ease-of-use. As

the product matures and future enhancements are made, this robust

analysis tool will continue to provide unsurpassed capabilities for well

modeling and optimization.

The WellFlo program is part of Weatherford’s Field Office™ software

tools that include:

• Analysis Workbench articial-lift analysis

• DataMart™ analytical data

• DTSPlus™ temperature proling

• DynaLift™ dynamic gas-lift optimization

• i-DO® real-time optimization solution

• LOWIS™ life-of-well information software

• MatBal® reservoir analysis and production forecasting

• PanMesh™ numerical well-test analysis

• PanSystem® well-test analysis

• PetroAtlas™ petroleum engineering knowledgebase

• PVTex™ uid property analysis

• ReO® network management optimization

• ReO Forecast™ production forecasting and eld planning

• RigPlan™ resource scheduling

• RMS reservoir monitoring system

• Verge™ production surveillance

• WellScribe™ mobile data collection

• WSM well service manager



weatherford.com

Weatherford products and services are subject to the Company’s standard terms and conditions, available on request or at weatherford.com. For more information contact an authorized Weatherford representative. Unless noted

otherwise, trademarks and service marks herein are the property of Weatherford and may be registered in the United States and/or other countries. Weatherford products named herein may be protected by one or more U.S.

and/or foreign patents. For more information, contact [email protected]. Specications are subject to change without notice. Weatherford sells its products and services in accordance with the terms and conditions set

forth in the applicable contract between Weatherford and the client.

© 2008–2011 Weatherford. All rights reserved. 5943.01

Weatherford provides worldwide service and support from more than 900 locations in

approximately 100 countries. To nd out more about our production optimization software tools,

contact an authorized Weatherford representative or visit weatherford.com.

Production optimization software tools


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WellFlo® Well-Analysis Software