WFP in Indonesia

December 2011 @ IPB

The Magnitude of Undernutriton:Global picture

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• More than 1 billion of hungry and undernourished people in the world;

• 2 billion suffer from micronutrient deficiencies

• 56 million children are wasted (thin; low weight/height)

• About 180 million stunted children (small; low height/age)

Link between undernutrition and mortality: Mortality Rate by age group in Africa, Asia, and the US

Source: Life tables for WHO Member States. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2011. (Also available at http://www.who.int/whosis/database/life_tables/life_tables.cfm)1. SEAR (South-East Asia Region) includes . Bangladesh Bhutan Dem. People's Rep. of Korea India Indonesia Maldives Myanmar Nepal Sri Lanka Thailand Timor-Leste

Under 5 mortality is higher in Africa and S.A. than the

USDeath rates in the US

only increase after the age of 50

30% of under-5 mortality is

a result of nutrition

related causes

No

of d

eath

s (p

er

1000

)

Comparison of Mortality by age per 1000 people in Africa, South Asia and the US

Age Group

Saving lives: Wasting, Stunting, Micronutrient Deficiencies and Risk of Dying

0 1 to 11 mo 12-23 mo 24-35 mo 36-47 mo 48-59 mo0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

StuntingWasting

Source: Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (2011); Lancet Nutrition Series, 2008

Age (months)

Stunting accounts for 15% of child mortality

MAM accounts for 10% of child mortality

Micronutrient deficiencies among non-stunted, non-wasted children account for 10% of child mortality

UNICEF: Severe acute malnutrition accounts for only 4% of child mortality

≥ 24 mo< 24 moPrevalence (%)

Attributed Child Mortality Burden by Nutritional Cause

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Healthy vs Malnourished Brains

What is the difference in brain scans of these two under-5 children?

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Impact of Nutrition and Health towards Brain’s Growth and Development

The Consequences of Stunting (Lancet 2008)

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• Chronic Diseases: Children who are undernourished in the first 2 years of life and who put on weight rapidly later in childhood and in adolescence are at high risk of chronic diseases related to nutrition (diabetes, cardio-vascular diseases, hypertension, etc)

• The window of prevention = the first 1000 days = from conception to 24 months

New WFP Nutrition Policy with five main pillars

Nutrition activities focused on

vulnerable groups incl. young

children, Pregnant & Lactating

Women, People Living with HIV

Treatment of moderate acute

malnutrition

WFP Nutrition Strategy

1

Prevention of acute malnutrition

Prevention of chronic

malnutrition

2 3

Addressing micronutrient deficiencies:among vulnerable groups, especially to save lives in

emergencies; for general population through food fortification

4

Enabling environment:Technical Assistance and Advocacy with governments and other stakeholders

School Feeding

Food for Work / Asset /

TrainingOthers

Ensure other programmes contribute to improved nutrition outcomes

General Food Distribution

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Incomes

DiseaseInadequate dietary intake

Malnutrition

Inadequate access to food

Inadequate care for

children and women

Insufficient health services

& unhealthy environment

Government expenditures

Food Production

Basic Causes

REACH (FAO, UNICEF, WFP and WHO) partnership

UNICEF interventionsWFP interventions WHO (normative)Source:: UNICEF Framework

FAO

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Child Stunting Map of Indonesia(RISKESDAS, 2007)

2009 National Food Security and Vulnerability Atlas

Preliminary results indicate that in TTS District around 80-90% of all HHs are not able to afford a Minimum Cost Nutritious Diet

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 440

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

70% of hh expenditure + in kind production in (IDR)

own exp cash exp Min CoD (Rp 577,916/hh/mth)

mean = Rp 428,249; median = Rp 342,889

80% - 90% of HHs cannot afford a minimum cost of nutritious diet

Source: Pilot Food Security and Nutrition Monitoring System in Indonesia, TTS, April, 2011, n=50; WFP CoD Analysis in TTS, 2011. Note: Household Size: 5 members, including 1 child 12-23 months

Surveyed Households (HHs)

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Disaster Map of Indonesia (BNPB)

WFP Indonesia 2012-15: Towards food security for all

Country Programme Objectives

To strengthen the Indonesian capacity to

1. address food insecurity through enhanced monitoring, analysis, and mapping capacity;

2. prepare for and respond to disasters and shocks; and

3. reduce under-nutrition below critical levels.

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Collaboration with FAO and IFAD

Assessment: UN Joint Food and Nutrition Security Assessment in NTT Province (2010)

Nutrition: Nutrition Map of Indonesia (2006)

Climate change: Coastal Habitat Education and Rehabilitation ProgramJoint programming: UNPDF

Wisma Keiai 9th fl., Jl. Jend. Sudirman Kav 3, Jakarta 10220, Indonesia Telephone: +62 21 5709004 | Fax: +62 21 5709001

VAM tools in WFP Indonesia

National Food Insecurity Atlas (FIA, 2005)

National Food Security and Vulnerability Atlas of

Indonesia (FSVA, 2009)

Provincial Food Security and Vulnerability Atlas

(2011)

Nutrition Map of Indonesia (2006)

Food and Nutrition Security Monitoring at

Household Level (FNSMS, 2009-11)

UN Joint Food and Nutrition Security

Assessment (2010)

Food and Nutrition Surveillance System at

Village Level (FNSS)

Early Warning System Bulletin (joint w/ LAPAN)

WFP’s Approach to Support Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation (REDD+)

Approach: Focus on the impact of climate change on food security and nutrition

Focus on the most vulnerable and food insecure by using FSVA

Pursue a twin track approach (enhancing both production and access to food)

Support nationally-owned solutions through enhanced partnerships

Link climate change (CC) and disaster risk reduction (DRR)

Current and planned initiatives: In cooperation with NTB and NTT Government to develop local level

adaptation strategies and implementation actions

In cooperation with the REDD Task Force Aceh to develop concept for incentives mechanism for local community as the beneficiaries of REDD+

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Local Food Based School Meal (LFBSM)

Five-year, US$50 million PPP that seeks to eradicate child malnutrition.

WFP’s core priority will be on prevention of malnutrition among children under two and pregnant and lactating mothers, which is essential to prevent stunting.

Brings together the expertise of UN agencies with that of private companies to work with local governments and companies to

find new solutions to old problems.

Public Private PartnershipProject Laser Beam

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UNPDF Five Working Groups plus Theme Group

Social Services(Led by UNICEF)

Disaster Risk Reduction (Led by OCHA)

Sustainable Livelihoods (Led by ILO)

Climate Change (Led by UNESCO)

Governance (Led by UNDP)

Food Security(Led by WFP and FAO)

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EmergenciesCluster Approach

Global Cluster/ Sector Cluster/Sector Lead

Agriculture FAO

Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM)

UNHCR (conflict)IOM (natural disaster)

Early Recovery UNDP

Education UNICEF Save The Children UK

Emergency Shelter UNHCR (conflict) IFRC (natural disasters)

Emergency Telecommunications WFP (security and data telecoms)Health WHO

Logistics WFPFood and Nutrition WFP/UNICEFProtection UNHCR

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) UNICEF

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(HH level)Income

(HH level)Harvest failure

(macro level)Productivity

Climate change

(macro level) Crop price

(individual level)Nutrition status

Availability Access Utilization

Extreme weather

(individual/ HH level)Food consumption

WFP’s Perspective on Climate Change and Deforestation Impacts to Food Security

Deforestation

Land degradation

Climate related

disaster*

* Disaster from flood, drought, forest fire, and landslides

Malnutrition National Basic Health Research 2010