WFP in Indonesia
December 2011 @ IPB
The Magnitude of Undernutriton:Global picture
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• More than 1 billion of hungry and undernourished people in the world;
• 2 billion suffer from micronutrient deficiencies
• 56 million children are wasted (thin; low weight/height)
• About 180 million stunted children (small; low height/age)
Link between undernutrition and mortality: Mortality Rate by age group in Africa, Asia, and the US
Source: Life tables for WHO Member States. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2011. (Also available at http://www.who.int/whosis/database/life_tables/life_tables.cfm)1. SEAR (South-East Asia Region) includes . Bangladesh Bhutan Dem. People's Rep. of Korea India Indonesia Maldives Myanmar Nepal Sri Lanka Thailand Timor-Leste
Under 5 mortality is higher in Africa and S.A. than the
USDeath rates in the US
only increase after the age of 50
30% of under-5 mortality is
a result of nutrition
related causes
No
of d
eath
s (p
er
1000
)
Comparison of Mortality by age per 1000 people in Africa, South Asia and the US
Age Group
Saving lives: Wasting, Stunting, Micronutrient Deficiencies and Risk of Dying
0 1 to 11 mo 12-23 mo 24-35 mo 36-47 mo 48-59 mo0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
StuntingWasting
Source: Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (2011); Lancet Nutrition Series, 2008
Age (months)
Stunting accounts for 15% of child mortality
MAM accounts for 10% of child mortality
Micronutrient deficiencies among non-stunted, non-wasted children account for 10% of child mortality
UNICEF: Severe acute malnutrition accounts for only 4% of child mortality
≥ 24 mo< 24 moPrevalence (%)
Attributed Child Mortality Burden by Nutritional Cause
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Healthy vs Malnourished Brains
What is the difference in brain scans of these two under-5 children?
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Impact of Nutrition and Health towards Brain’s Growth and Development
The Consequences of Stunting (Lancet 2008)
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• Chronic Diseases: Children who are undernourished in the first 2 years of life and who put on weight rapidly later in childhood and in adolescence are at high risk of chronic diseases related to nutrition (diabetes, cardio-vascular diseases, hypertension, etc)
• The window of prevention = the first 1000 days = from conception to 24 months
New WFP Nutrition Policy with five main pillars
Nutrition activities focused on
vulnerable groups incl. young
children, Pregnant & Lactating
Women, People Living with HIV
Treatment of moderate acute
malnutrition
WFP Nutrition Strategy
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Prevention of acute malnutrition
Prevention of chronic
malnutrition
2 3
Addressing micronutrient deficiencies:among vulnerable groups, especially to save lives in
emergencies; for general population through food fortification
4
Enabling environment:Technical Assistance and Advocacy with governments and other stakeholders
School Feeding
Food for Work / Asset /
TrainingOthers
Ensure other programmes contribute to improved nutrition outcomes
General Food Distribution
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Incomes
DiseaseInadequate dietary intake
Malnutrition
Inadequate access to food
Inadequate care for
children and women
Insufficient health services
& unhealthy environment
Government expenditures
Food Production
Basic Causes
REACH (FAO, UNICEF, WFP and WHO) partnership
UNICEF interventionsWFP interventions WHO (normative)Source:: UNICEF Framework
FAO
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Child Stunting Map of Indonesia(RISKESDAS, 2007)
2009 National Food Security and Vulnerability Atlas
Preliminary results indicate that in TTS District around 80-90% of all HHs are not able to afford a Minimum Cost Nutritious Diet
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 440
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
70% of hh expenditure + in kind production in (IDR)
own exp cash exp Min CoD (Rp 577,916/hh/mth)
mean = Rp 428,249; median = Rp 342,889
80% - 90% of HHs cannot afford a minimum cost of nutritious diet
Source: Pilot Food Security and Nutrition Monitoring System in Indonesia, TTS, April, 2011, n=50; WFP CoD Analysis in TTS, 2011. Note: Household Size: 5 members, including 1 child 12-23 months
Surveyed Households (HHs)
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Disaster Map of Indonesia (BNPB)
WFP Indonesia 2012-15: Towards food security for all
Country Programme Objectives
To strengthen the Indonesian capacity to
1. address food insecurity through enhanced monitoring, analysis, and mapping capacity;
2. prepare for and respond to disasters and shocks; and
3. reduce under-nutrition below critical levels.
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Collaboration with FAO and IFAD
Assessment: UN Joint Food and Nutrition Security Assessment in NTT Province (2010)
Nutrition: Nutrition Map of Indonesia (2006)
Climate change: Coastal Habitat Education and Rehabilitation ProgramJoint programming: UNPDF
Wisma Keiai 9th fl., Jl. Jend. Sudirman Kav 3, Jakarta 10220, Indonesia Telephone: +62 21 5709004 | Fax: +62 21 5709001
VAM tools in WFP Indonesia
National Food Insecurity Atlas (FIA, 2005)
National Food Security and Vulnerability Atlas of
Indonesia (FSVA, 2009)
Provincial Food Security and Vulnerability Atlas
(2011)
Nutrition Map of Indonesia (2006)
Food and Nutrition Security Monitoring at
Household Level (FNSMS, 2009-11)
UN Joint Food and Nutrition Security
Assessment (2010)
Food and Nutrition Surveillance System at
Village Level (FNSS)
Early Warning System Bulletin (joint w/ LAPAN)
WFP’s Approach to Support Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation (REDD+)
Approach: Focus on the impact of climate change on food security and nutrition
Focus on the most vulnerable and food insecure by using FSVA
Pursue a twin track approach (enhancing both production and access to food)
Support nationally-owned solutions through enhanced partnerships
Link climate change (CC) and disaster risk reduction (DRR)
Current and planned initiatives: In cooperation with NTB and NTT Government to develop local level
adaptation strategies and implementation actions
In cooperation with the REDD Task Force Aceh to develop concept for incentives mechanism for local community as the beneficiaries of REDD+
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Local Food Based School Meal (LFBSM)
Five-year, US$50 million PPP that seeks to eradicate child malnutrition.
WFP’s core priority will be on prevention of malnutrition among children under two and pregnant and lactating mothers, which is essential to prevent stunting.
Brings together the expertise of UN agencies with that of private companies to work with local governments and companies to
find new solutions to old problems.
Public Private PartnershipProject Laser Beam
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UNPDF Five Working Groups plus Theme Group
Social Services(Led by UNICEF)
Disaster Risk Reduction (Led by OCHA)
Sustainable Livelihoods (Led by ILO)
Climate Change (Led by UNESCO)
Governance (Led by UNDP)
Food Security(Led by WFP and FAO)
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EmergenciesCluster Approach
Global Cluster/ Sector Cluster/Sector Lead
Agriculture FAO
Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM)
UNHCR (conflict)IOM (natural disaster)
Early Recovery UNDP
Education UNICEF Save The Children UK
Emergency Shelter UNHCR (conflict) IFRC (natural disasters)
Emergency Telecommunications WFP (security and data telecoms)Health WHO
Logistics WFPFood and Nutrition WFP/UNICEFProtection UNHCR
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) UNICEF
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(HH level)Income
(HH level)Harvest failure
(macro level)Productivity
Climate change
(macro level) Crop price
(individual level)Nutrition status
Availability Access Utilization
Extreme weather
(individual/ HH level)Food consumption
WFP’s Perspective on Climate Change and Deforestation Impacts to Food Security
Deforestation
Land degradation
Climate related
disaster*
* Disaster from flood, drought, forest fire, and landslides
Malnutrition National Basic Health Research 2010