What are the What are the effects of European effects of European settlement in the settlement in the

Americas?Americas?

As Europeans came, in greater numbers, to settle the land in the Americas, their presence had a tremendous effect on the native peoples who were living here. And, the native peoples’ life in the Americas provided lots for the Europeans to use as well

the effects of European the effects of European settlement settlement

Food ExchangeFood Exchange Almost immediately, Native Americans and Almost immediately, Native Americans and

Europeans exchanged knowledge about Europeans exchanged knowledge about food items.food items.

Items exchanged between Indians and EuropeansItems exchanged between Indians and Europeans From Europeans to Indians From Indians to From Europeans to Indians From Indians to

EuropeansEuropeans - - bananasbananas - catfish- catfish

- cattle- cattle - chocolate- chocolate- chickens- chickens - pineapple- pineapple- horses- horses - potatoes- potatoes- pigs- pigs - pumpkins/squash- pumpkins/squash- sheep- sheep - sweet potatoes- sweet potatoes- sugarcane- sugarcane - tomatoes- tomatoes- wheat- wheat - tobacco- tobacco

Effect!Effect!

Over time, the diets of Over time, the diets of both Native Americans both Native Americans and Europeans widened and Europeans widened as a greater variety of as a greater variety of food became available.food became available.

Native WeaponsNative Weapons

The bow and arrow The bow and arrow and spear servedand spear servedNative Americans Native Americans quite well. With quite well. With them, Indians them, Indians hunted for food hunted for food and went to and went to battle.battle.

European WeaponsEuropean Weapons

European settlersEuropean settlers

introduced the introduced the rifle.rifle.

When they huntedWhen they hunted

for food or wentfor food or went

to battle, the rifleto battle, the rifle

made themmade them

successful.successful.

Effect!Effect!Over time, the European Over time, the European

weapons proved stronger and weapons proved stronger and more powerful than Indian more powerful than Indian

spears and bows and arrows. spears and bows and arrows. The nature of hunting and The nature of hunting and

warfare changed and Native warfare changed and Native Americans traded for Americans traded for

European-style weapons European-style weapons whenever they could.whenever they could.

Native VillagesNative Villages This is a Catawba village. Homes This is a Catawba village. Homes were arranged in a circle but there were arranged in a circle but there is no boundary around the village – is no boundary around the village –

to keep people out.to keep people out.

English VillagesEnglish Villages

English villages were small and English villages were small and fortified with walls to keep Native fortified with walls to keep Native Americans at a distance. This is Americans at a distance. This is Jamestown in the early 1600s.Jamestown in the early 1600s.

Effect!Effect!Over time, the landscape changed as Over time, the landscape changed as

the number of European the number of European communities increased and communities increased and

resembled the cities of Europe while resembled the cities of Europe while Indian settlements were destroyed Indian settlements were destroyed

or pushed to the west. Also, or pushed to the west. Also, Europeans held on to their idea of Europeans held on to their idea of “land ownership” while the Native “land ownership” while the Native Americans did not have the idea of Americans did not have the idea of ownership; the land was used as a ownership; the land was used as a

person needed it.person needed it.

Native American Spiritual Native American Spiritual LifeLife

Native Americans Native Americans had strong had strong

spiritual lives spiritual lives and prayed for and prayed for

rain, for sun, for rain, for sun, for healthy children – healthy children –

for all good for all good things in their things in their

lives.lives.

Puritan Religion of New Puritan Religion of New EnglandEngland

Puritans hoped to bring Puritans hoped to bring Christianity to the Native Christianity to the Native

Americans in Massachusetts – to Americans in Massachusetts – to change the religion.change the religion.

Catholic Religion in the Catholic Religion in the SouthwestSouthwest Spanish settlers hoped to convert Spanish settlers hoped to convert

Native Americans in the Native Americans in the Southwest to Christianity.Southwest to Christianity.

Effect!Effect!

Over time, European settlers Over time, European settlers tried to change the religious tried to change the religious lives of Native Americans by lives of Native Americans by

forcing them to be Christians. forcing them to be Christians. Not surprisingly, native Not surprisingly, native

peoples resisted all efforts to peoples resisted all efforts to convert them to Christianity.convert them to Christianity.

Native LanguagesNative LanguagesThere were There were as many as as many as 300 native 300 native languages languages spoken at spoken at

time of time of encounter.encounter.

European Languages European Languages AddedAdded

You can predict that the European settlers You can predict that the European settlers brought with them the languages they had brought with them the languages they had grown up with: Spanish, French, Dutch, grown up with: Spanish, French, Dutch, Portuguese, and English. Portuguese, and English.

Many of our cities have European names:Many of our cities have European names: Scituate and Natick are Indian words. Scituate and Natick are Indian words. San Francisco and Los Angeles are Spanish San Francisco and Los Angeles are Spanish

words.words. Quebec and Trois Rivieres are French words.Quebec and Trois Rivieres are French words. Plymouth and Needham are English words.Plymouth and Needham are English words. Catskills and Poughkeepsie are Dutch words.Catskills and Poughkeepsie are Dutch words.

Effect!Effect!

Over time, Native American Over time, Native American languages disappeared from languages disappeared from common use and European common use and European

languages, especially English, languages, especially English, became widely used. Names of became widely used. Names of places still may retain Indian places still may retain Indian

names, as well as a small number of names, as well as a small number of words like moccasins. Otherwise words like moccasins. Otherwise

this has become a nation that this has become a nation that speaks European languages.speaks European languages.

RelatingRelating

Trade was one Trade was one important way important way

the Native the Native Americans and Americans and

Europeans Europeans related with one related with one another and both another and both

sides saw the sides saw the benefit.benefit.

RelatingRelating William Penn knew it was William Penn knew it was

important to have a good important to have a good relationship with the native relationship with the native people.people.

RelatingRelating The Pilgrims wished to thank the The Pilgrims wished to thank the

Native Americans who had helped Native Americans who had helped them survive them survive

the first year inthe first year in this new land.this new land. This painting is This painting is a picture of thea picture of the feast of givingfeast of giving thanks.thanks.

RelatingRelating But there were plenty of difficult But there were plenty of difficult

times, too. Not surprisingly, the times, too. Not surprisingly, the native peoples were angry when native peoples were angry when

Europeans tookEuropeans took their land. Thetheir land. The Europeans Europeans pushed native pushed native people further people further and further to theand further to the west.west.

Effect!Effect!

European settlers related differently to European settlers related differently to Native Americans. The Spanish Native Americans. The Spanish

generally wanted to control them. The generally wanted to control them. The French and Dutch wanted to trade with French and Dutch wanted to trade with

them. The English were generally them. The English were generally satisfied to live side-by-side and were satisfied to live side-by-side and were glad for whatever help they could get glad for whatever help they could get from the native peoples. They were, from the native peoples. They were,

though, cautious and typically wanted though, cautious and typically wanted to change Indians’ ways to match their to change Indians’ ways to match their

own.own.

It was probably inevitable that It was probably inevitable that life for both the native peoples life for both the native peoples and Europeans would change and Europeans would change

forever when their cultures and forever when their cultures and ways of life met. The United ways of life met. The United States, today, still reaps the States, today, still reaps the

effects of the encounter effects of the encounter between these people that between these people that

happened more than 500 years happened more than 500 years ago.ago.

Continuing Effect(s)Continuing Effect(s)

The English language is the predominant The English language is the predominant language in the United States, even language in the United States, even

today. French is spoken in some parts of today. French is spoken in some parts of Canada while English is spoken in other Canada while English is spoken in other parts. Spanish is spoken in most South parts. Spanish is spoken in most South

American and Caribbean countries.American and Caribbean countries.

Christianity, the predominant religion of Christianity, the predominant religion of the European countries that settled the the European countries that settled the

United States, remains a strong United States, remains a strong influence in the lives of many people.influence in the lives of many people.

Continuing Effect(s)Continuing Effect(s)

Architecture in the southwest resembles Architecture in the southwest resembles Spanish architecture of Europe; Spanish architecture of Europe;

architecture along the Mississippi River architecture along the Mississippi River resembles French architecture of resembles French architecture of

Europe.Europe.

Our diet, today, reflects much European Our diet, today, reflects much European influence. It includes many wheat influence. It includes many wheat products (bread, cake), beef and products (bread, cake), beef and

chicken, all introduced by Europeans chicken, all introduced by Europeans who settled in the Americas.who settled in the Americas.

Continuing Effect(s)Continuing Effect(s)

When you see signs indicating a When you see signs indicating a town boundary, remember that town boundary, remember that the concept of borders and land the concept of borders and land

ownership was brought here ownership was brought here from Europe and remains today.from Europe and remains today.

The effects of European The effects of European settlement are still with us settlement are still with us

today.today.

Continuing Effect(s)Continuing Effect(s)

QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?