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What is a subject pronoun?
A word that shows who is doing the actionof the verb.
English Subject Pronouns
Singular Plural_______1st person I we
2nd person you you
3rd person masc He they Fem. she
Spanish Subject Pronouns
Singular1st person yo2nd person familiar tú2nd person formal
usted (Ud.)
3rd person masc. él3rd person fem. ella
Pluralnosotros/
nosotrasvosotros/
vosotrasustedes (Uds)
ellosellas
Remember! There are two 2nd person pronouns
for you in the singular Tú (famliar) usted (formal)
And two in the Plural vosotros/as (familiar) ustedes (formal)Usted and ustedes can be abbreviated toUd and uds
Don’t forget! 3rd person plural and singular (él,
ella, ellos, ellas) can be replaced by: Proper nouns
Names, titles, nouns examples:
• Él can be replaced with José, el profesor, mi amigo, etc.
What is a verb?
A word that shows action or state of being.
Vocabulary to know
ConjugationInfinitiveTenseStem/root
Conjugation: Changing the verb form and ending to match the subject and tense
Infinitive: The form of the verb that has no subject and tense. In English it starts with the word “to”In Spanish the verb ends with “ar, er, ir”. Example: to talk / hablar
Tense The time the action of the verb
takes place, Present, past, future
Stem / root Portion of the verb that is left after
removing the infinitive ending
Example: hablar - ar = habl The stem or root is HABL
Spanish verbs
All Spanish verbs end withar, er, irThis is the infinitive form and is equivelant to “to + verb” in English
Verb Conjugation The infinitive ending, ar, er, ir is
removed / use the stem The new ending is added to match
the subject and tense (time) to tell who and when
The endings match the subject and follow a pattern
All verbs are regular or irregular
How it works:
Remove the ending: Hablar Habl >>>>>
arUse the stem
habl
Add the new ending to match the subject and tense
Present tense endings for regular ar verbs: o amos
as áis
a an
Hablar to speakconjugated in the present tense
Yo hablo Tú hablas Usted habla Él habla Ella habla
Nosotros/as hablamos Vosotros/as habláis Ustedes hablan Ellos hablan Ellas hablan
Now you try it with these verbs: ayudar buscar contestar enseñar escuchar preparar sacar usar
ayudo ayudas ayuda ayudamos ayudáis ayudan
Present tense endings for regular er verbs: o emos
es éis
e en
comer to eatconjugated in the present tense
Yo como Tú comes Usted come Él come Ella come
Nosotros/as comemos Vosotros/as coméis Ustedes comen Ellos comen Ellas comen
Present tense endings for regular ir verbs: o imos
es ís
e en
Vivir to live Yo vivo Tú vives Usted vive Él vive Ella vive
Nosotros/as vivimos Vosotros/as vivís Ustedes viven Ellos viven Ellas viven
PLEASE NOTICE ER and IR regular verb endings are
the same except:er ir
Nosostros emos imos Vosotros éis ís