What Is Biotechnology?!?

Biotechnology:The manipulation of any living system for the purpose of producing a useful product or solving a problem.

Definition Continued:Multidisciplinary science with many powerful applications and great potential for future discoveries

Brief Biotech History8000 BCHumans domesticate crops and

livestock (trait selection)

4000 BCYeast used to brew beer & make

bread

Biotech History Cont. 100 ADFirst insecticide-Powdered

Chrysanthemums

1590-1675Cells Discovered

Biotech History Cont. 1830Proteins & Enzymes Discovered

1835Cell Theory

Biotech History Cont. 1857Pasteur proposed microbes cause

fermentation

1865Mendel & His Peas(cross-breeding)

Biotech History Cont. 1919Word “biotechnology” first seen in

print

1928Penicillin Discovered

Biotechnology

Biotech History Cont. 1930Plant breeding patented

1953Watson & Crick’s Double Helix

Biotech History Cont. 19611st biopesticide registered (Bt-bacillus thuringiensis)

1963New wheat varieties increase yields by

70%!!!

Biotech History Cont. 1970s1st restriction enzyme used to cut DNA1st complete synthesis of a geneRecombinant DNA or rDNADNA sequencingGuidelines for recombinant DNARecombinant DNA-artificially splicing pieces of DNA together,

usually using specialized enzymes, a necessary step for genetic engineering

DNA Sequencing-laboratory technique for determining the nucleotide sequence (ATGC) or arrangement in a segment of DNA

Biotech History Cont. 1980Oil-eating microorganisms patented by Exxon

19821st Biotech Drug Approved=Human Insulin from GM Bacteria

Biotech History Cont. 19861st GE Vaccine-Hepatitis B1st GE Anti-Cancer Drug-Interferon

1987Field Tests Start-GE Foods

1990Bt CornHuman Genome Project StartedChymosin (biotech substance) approved for cheese

Biotech History Cont. 1993BIO formed=Biotechnology Industry OrganizationBovine Somatotropin approved to increase milk production

19941st GE Whole Food ApprovedFlavrSavr Tomato

Biotech History Cont. 1996-71st weed & insect resistant crops for saleHello Dolly! 1st cloned animal in Scotland

Biotech History Cont. 2000“Golden Rice” technology available for

developing countries

2001First complete map of genome-RiceHuman Genome Draft published

Biotech History Cont. 2003YieldGuard Plus corn-fights both corn borer &

rootworm

2004GM Pet-GloFishDNA-based product tracing system for pork and beef

ONLY THE BEGINNING….