What is Curriculum? A regular course of study; an accepted schedule or routine In other words, the content of your classes, “what” you teach How many of

What is Curriculum?What is Curriculum?

A regular course of study; an accepted schedule A regular course of study; an accepted schedule or routineor routineIn other words, the content of your classes, In other words, the content of your classes, “what” you teach“what” you teachHow many of you have been through a How many of you have been through a curriculum revision recently?curriculum revision recently?Are any of you doing unique things with your Are any of you doing unique things with your music or fine arts curriculum?music or fine arts curriculum?How many of you have computers in your music How many of you have computers in your music classrooms?classrooms?

Trends in Music Education Trends in Music Education 1950’s1950’s

1957 Sputnik1957 Sputnik

1959 Woodshole Conference1959 Woodshole Conference

Influential book from this time:Influential book from this time: ““The Process of Education”- Jerome BrunnerThe Process of Education”- Jerome Brunner


By 1961-over half the funding from large By 1961-over half the funding from large foundations went to educationfoundations went to education1960’s Baby Boom1960’s Baby Boom1963 SAT scores hit all-time high1963 SAT scores hit all-time high1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)(ESEA)1965 National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) is 1965 National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) is formedformedYouth movementYouth movementComprehensive MusicianshipComprehensive Musicianship


The decade was characterized by declineThe decade was characterized by declineRising oil prices and shortages caused cut-Rising oil prices and shortages caused cut-backsbacksThe student boom started to slow downThe student boom started to slow down1975 public law 94-1721975 public law 94-172SAT scores plunged to all-time lowsSAT scores plunged to all-time lowsGeneral public lost confidence in public General public lost confidence in public educationeducationThere was a call to go “back-to-the-basics”There was a call to go “back-to-the-basics”

Trends in Music Education Trends in Music Education 1970’s(not in text)1970’s(not in text)

Pop/Rock music is incorporated into the Pop/Rock music is incorporated into the curriculum in many schoolscurriculum in many schools

CEMREL- (Central Midwest Regional CEMREL- (Central Midwest Regional Educational Laboratory) a private curriculum Educational Laboratory) a private curriculum development laboratory in Aesthetic Educationdevelopment laboratory in Aesthetic Education Library now housed at U of ILibrary now housed at U of I

Important book from the 70’sImportant book from the 70’s A Philosophy of Music Education” – Bennett ReimerA Philosophy of Music Education” – Bennett Reimer


1983- “A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for 1983- “A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform”Educational Reform” Cafeteria style curriculumCafeteria style curriculum 25% of credits went to PE, remedial and/or work-25% of credits went to PE, remedial and/or work-

related coursesrelated courses Americans spent less time in school than other Americans spent less time in school than other

countriescountries Not enough homework being givenNot enough homework being given Study skills not being learnedStudy skills not being learned


1983- “A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for 1983- “A Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform” (continued)Educational Reform” (continued) New teachers were coming from the bottom quarter of New teachers were coming from the bottom quarter of

graduating college studentsgraduating college students Teacher salaries were too lowTeacher salaries were too low There was a shortage of teachers in math and the There was a shortage of teachers in math and the

sciencessciences Suggested that 4 yrs of English, 3 yrs of Math, Suggested that 4 yrs of English, 3 yrs of Math,

Science and Social Studies, and ½ a year of Science and Social Studies, and ½ a year of computer be requiredcomputer be required

Also suggested, that we raise our standards for both Also suggested, that we raise our standards for both students students andand teachers teachers

Trends in Music Education Trends in Music Education 1980’s (not in text)1980’s (not in text)

1983- College Board Report1983- College Board Report

1982- formation of Discipline Based Arts 1982- formation of Discipline Based Arts Education (DBAE)Education (DBAE)

Outcomes-based educationOutcomes-based education Students are evaluated based on certain Students are evaluated based on certain

outcomes rather than completion of particular outcomes rather than completion of particular subject matter with letter gradessubject matter with letter grades

Trends in Music Education Trends in Music Education 1980’s (not in text)1980’s (not in text)

Important books from this decade:Important books from this decade: ““A Place Called School”-John GoodladA Place Called School”-John Goodlad Horace’s Compromise”-Theodore SizerHorace’s Compromise”-Theodore Sizer


Goals 2000- Clinton Administration’s plan Goals 2000- Clinton Administration’s plan for educational reformfor educational reform

1994-National Standards are released1994-National Standards are released

Accountability Movement and School Accountability Movement and School Reform MovementReform Movement

1997- Preliminary draft of “Illinois Learning 1997- Preliminary draft of “Illinois Learning Standards” is releasedStandards” is released

The Symposium Movement- The Symposium Movement- Chap. 2Chap. 2

1959- The Young Composers Project1959- The Young Composers Project

1963-1973- The Contemporary Music 1963-1973- The Contemporary Music Project (CMP)Project (CMP)

1963- The Yale Seminar (not supported by 1963- The Yale Seminar (not supported by MENC)MENC)


1963- The Yale Seminar findings:1963- The Yale Seminar findings: The quality of music being used in schools The quality of music being used in schools

was poorwas poor Jazz, pop, non-western music was not being Jazz, pop, non-western music was not being

used at allused at all Performance levels in schools were excellentPerformance levels in schools were excellent There was a surplus of musicians for the job There was a surplus of musicians for the job

market and the musicality of these performers market and the musicality of these performers was lowwas low


1963- The Yale Seminar recommendations:1963- The Yale Seminar recommendations: Developing musicality should be the primary goals of Developing musicality should be the primary goals of

educationeducation The musical repertoire should be expandedThe musical repertoire should be expanded More guided listening with sequential listening More guided listening with sequential listening

experiences through all gradesexperiences through all grades Small and authentic ensembles should be Small and authentic ensembles should be

emphasizedemphasized Advanced theory and literature classes should be Advanced theory and literature classes should be

availableavailable Start musicians in residence programsStart musicians in residence programs


1964- The Julliard Repertory project:1964- The Julliard Repertory project: Vittorio Giannini was project directorVittorio Giannini was project director MENC gave its supportMENC gave its support Sought to create a body of quality music for grades Sought to create a body of quality music for grades

K-6K-6 Music was tested on real music teachersMusic was tested on real music teachers The final project included 230 compositions both The final project included 230 compositions both

vocal and instrumentalvocal and instrumental Eventually published and distributed by Canyon PressEventually published and distributed by Canyon Press


1965- Comprehensive Musicianship:1965- Comprehensive Musicianship: Developed out of one of the seminars from CMPDeveloped out of one of the seminars from CMP Suggested we approach music teaching through an Suggested we approach music teaching through an

interdisciplinary approachinterdisciplinary approach Assessment was to be done in 4 areas:Assessment was to be done in 4 areas:

Descriptive competenceDescriptive competencePerforming competencePerforming competenceCreative competenceCreative competenceAttitude Attitude

““Blueprint for Band” by Robert GarafoloBlueprint for Band” by Robert Garafolo ““Comprehensive Musicianship Through Classroom Comprehensive Musicianship Through Classroom

Music” from the Hawaii music curriculum programMusic” from the Hawaii music curriculum program


1967- Tanglewood Symposium:1967- Tanglewood Symposium: Sponsored by MENCSponsored by MENC Participants were selected from various professions Participants were selected from various professions

including teachers, musicians and politiciansincluding teachers, musicians and politicians Attempted to make recommendations for improving Attempted to make recommendations for improving

music education in the USmusic education in the US Resulted in a philosophical statement for music Resulted in a philosophical statement for music

education (read The Tanglewood Declaration, p. 44)education (read The Tanglewood Declaration, p. 44) The Goals and Objectives Project (1968)The Goals and Objectives Project (1968)

Director was Paul LehmanDirector was Paul LehmanRead the 8 priority objectives on p. 46-47Read the 8 priority objectives on p. 46-47This eventually influences the National StandardsThis eventually influences the National Standards


1967- Harvard project Zero:1967- Harvard project Zero: Headed up by Howard GardnerHeaded up by Howard Gardner A project focusing on cognitive development as it A project focusing on cognitive development as it

relates to arts educationrelates to arts education Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences (“Frames of Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences (“Frames of

Mind”) eventually grew from this projectMind”) eventually grew from this project Arts Propel (1982) a project based on these findings Arts Propel (1982) a project based on these findings

was used in the Pittsburgh Public Schools. was used in the Pittsburgh Public Schools. Arts Propel proposed studying music through Arts Propel proposed studying music through

production, perception and reflectionproduction, perception and reflection

The Symposium Movement- The Symposium Movement- Chap. 2(not in text)Chap. 2(not in text)

1968- Hawaii Curriculum Program:1968- Hawaii Curriculum Program: A state-wide curriculum based on work done in the A state-wide curriculum based on work done in the

Manhattenville project of the 1970’s (spiral curriculum)Manhattenville project of the 1970’s (spiral curriculum)

1978-1981 Ann Arbor Symposium1978-1981 Ann Arbor Symposium1986 Crane symposium1986 Crane symposium1999 Vision 20201999 Vision 2020 Tallahassee, FL on the campus of FSUTallahassee, FL on the campus of FSU Sponsored by MENC as a follow up to TanglewoodSponsored by MENC as a follow up to Tanglewood

Documents

What is Curriculum? A regular course of study; an accepted schedule or routine In other words, the content of your classes, “what” you teach How many of