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WHAT IS GOING ONIN VIETNAM?

Randy Barker

IRRI Nov 15, 2013

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Chart 1: LAND REFORM IN ASIA

JAPAN 1945 –  following World War II

TAIWAN 1953

 –  “land to the tiller”

 

CHINA 1977 –  decollectivization ofagriculture

VIETNAM 1985- 87 –  doi moi and 1987

land law –  decollectivization

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DOI MOI: 1980s and 1990s

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  Policy changes and paddy production, 1975

-

2002

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

 Years 

   T   h  o  u  s  a  n   d   t  o  n  s

   C  o  n   t  r  a  c   t   f  a  r  m   i  n  g

   L  a  n   d   L  a  w   1   9   8   7

   L  a  n   d   L  a  w   1   9   9   3

   D  o   i

   M  o   i

   L   i   b  e  r  a   l   i  z  a   t   i  o  n  o   f

  m  a  r   k

  e   t  s

   W  a   t  e  r   L  a  w   1   9   9   8

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  MANAGING THE WATER IN

THE MEKONG DELTA

1990s –  2000s

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0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

    (   0   0   0   M   T    )

Year

Source : USDA

VIETNAM RICE EXPORTS 1990-2012

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Mekong Delta

1975

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http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/what-is-going-on-in-vietnam-report-from-an-october-rural-development-workshop 11/27Dykes and pumps in Mekong Delta

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  Bach Nguu (2000) Cau Sap (1996) 

Thanh Tri (1995) 

Cai Trau (1994) My Phuoc (1994) 

Mekong: conflict over fresh vs. brackish water

Bac Lieu province

Saline water

Fresh water

Chu Chi (1997) Lang Tram (1998) 

Pho Sinh (1998) Vinh My (1997) 

Ca Mau (2000) 

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1994 1998 1999 2000 2001

Rice  429  1024  1025  638  588 

Seafood  551  858  971  1475  1800 

Value in US$ million

Vietnam value of exports of rice and seafood, 1994-2001

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CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE:

Part 1

LAND REFORM – 2003 land law,

farm size “the State owns the land” 

RICE EXPORTS – power of the state

owned enterprises (SOEs)

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Chart 5: Percent labor force in agriculture and the

percent of agriculture in GDP, Vietnam,

1982 to 2011.

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Chart 6: Trends in the percentage of the labor force in

agriculture and the percentage of agriculture in

GDP from 1960 to 2008 for (a) Taiwan, and (b)

the Philippines.

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RICE – 

 BASED FARMING SYSTEMS “We know that farmers cannot get rich

by rice. But market/price/farm to

market are not yet in place. The valuechain is particularly bad. It favors thetraders at the expense of the farmersinterest and livelihood”.

  T. P. Tuong October 2013 commentingon the situation in Vietnam.

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WHICH COUNTRY HAS THE

HIGHEST YIELD PER HECTARE?• I

INDONESIA

PHILIPPINES

THAILAND

VIETNAM

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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

   H  g   /   H  a

   T   h  o  u  s  a  n   d  s

 Year

Indonesia

Philippines

Thailand

Viet Nam

Rice yield per hectare

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CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE

Part 2

 HYDROPOWER – impact of dams

 GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE – 

rising sea level

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Map 2: Mekong river

M 3 E h d l i f h d d

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Map 3: Each dot represents location of a hydropower dam

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Chart 6. Competition among users and uses

Hydro-power

Flood control

Urban-industry Agriculture

Fisheries

Environment

China

Myanmar

Thailand Laos

Cambodia

Vietnam

d l f

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Mega-river deltas of Asia

50% of rice production growth in last

25 years came from delta countries

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ParametersAyeyarwady,

Myanmar

Ganges-

Brahmaputra,

Bangladesh

Mekong,

Vietnam

Yield (t/ha) 2.1 3.8 5.3

Cropping intensity

(%)120 150 200

Gross Value

($/crop/ha)

590 710 1,500

Land (ha/capita) 0.23 0.06 0.07

Source: Social Sciences Division, IRRI, survey data, 2010  

Chart 7. Profile of three Asia rice-growing

deltas

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