COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA

WARM UP

What is imperialism? Is it the “natural state” of humankind to want to dominate one another?

HERE IS THE PLAN…

Students will compare two conquistadors: Cortes & Pizarro.

Students will analyze the political, economic and social impact of colonialism on Latin America.

Students will evaluate the lasting impact imperialism has had on the region of Latin America.

PRIOR TO COLONIZATION

Latin America had a number of diverse cultures and great civilizations, most especially the Aztec (Mexico) and Inca (Peru).

THE AZTECS

ERA OF CONQUEST Let’s take a look back at the major

world changes between 1492-1570

www.desotohq.com--Hernando DeSoto society

PIZARRO

Incas had just emerged from a civil war.

Military technology

Diseases Used trickery to

capture and kill the Inca emperor.

CORTES

Moctezuma felt he was the god-king Quetzalcoatl.

Allied with the Aztecs enemies.

Smallpox and other diseases.

Military technology

WHICH WAY DID THEY GO???? Chocolate Pigs Rice Slaves Maize (corn) Bananas Religion Chili Peppers

Potato Tomato Wheat Rice Smallpox Horses Peanuts Pineapples

COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE

DEMOGRAPHIC (POPULATION) CHANGES

ANALYZE THE IMPACT…

Smallpox is a disease that has been successfully eradicated - the last naturally occurring case of smallpox occurred in Somalia in 1977. With recent world events and the biological warfare threat, this conquered disease has again risen to the forefront of public health. Smallpox is a highly contagious skin disease that can result in death.

HERO OR VILLAIN?

SPANISH AMERICA

Characterized by 3 things… An agricultural body with a

silver heart A Powerful Roman Catholic

Church A Social Class system based on

race/occupation

COLONIAL ECON & GOV Although Spanish America was an Ag

society, mining (silver) was essential

COLONIAL ECONOMY

Sugar plantations/silver mines

Large rural estates (haciendas) replace encomiendas

HACIENDAS & VILLAGES

Hacienda = rural estate owned by Spanish families & worked by natives → base of local aristocracy Source of competition w/ native Ag villages

America becomes self-sufficient except for luxuries

American silver key to Spanish commerceHeavily regulated, Fleet system developed

Spanish silver envied, but much goes to wars, Chinese luxuries, & debts

Industry & Commerce

RULING AN EMPIRE: STATE

1 of 2

King

Council of Indies

Viceroy of New Spain

Viceroy of Peru

Audiencias

Local Bureaucrats

RULING AN EMPIRE: CHURCH

Acted as a ruling force in colonies

Church & missionaries established ideological & intellectual framework

2 of 2

ACCULTURATION

Syncretic religions are blends of different belief systems such as Animist and Christianity.

Virgin of Guadalupe

•ACCULTURATION Europeans begin to

“intermingle” with indigenous peoples often through rape (forced acculturation) to produce a new racial classifications.

MESTIZOS

Mestizo and Mestiza, Mestizo, c. 1770

Spaniard and Mestiza Produce a Castiza, c. 1770

MULATTOES

Black and Spaniard Makes Mulatto, c. 1780.

Miguel Cabrera [Mexican], From Spaniard and Mulatto, Morisca, 1763

NATIVE AMERICANS

Unknown artist [Mexican], From Indian and Mestiza, Coyote, c. 1760-70

ZAMBOS (WOLVES)

Black and Indian Makes Wolf.

SLAVES

Diego Rivera, "Colonial Domination"

LASTING IMPACT

The region of Latin America still has strong ties to Europe because of the era of Imperialism.

Language Religion

LASTING IMPACT

Populations in Europe and Asia exploded in part due to the abundance of new foods available.

Can you imagine Italian food without the tomato? How about the Irish without the potato?

WHAT’S AHEAD…

Unfair social systems and unequal land distribution will lead to revolts in the 18th century and 19th century against European rule.

Even though Latin American countries will gain political independence, they will still be economically dependent on Europe.